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External plastering of walls with your own hands. External plastering of the walls of a house with your own hands Plastering the walls of a house outside step by step

Almost everyone knows that plastering walls is an effective way to eliminate defects and uneven surfaces. But when you need to do the work yourself for the first time, many questions often arise related to the technology of applying the solution to various surfaces. Let's look at how a beginner can plaster walls with his own hands: videos, photos and recommendations from experts.

Before you start plastering the surface, you need to accurately understand all the features and nuances of this process. In this case, there will be no insurmountable obstacles for the novice master, and the result of the work will be close to professional.

In addition to theoretical knowledge in this area, it is important to gain basic practical skills that will help in future work. It's best to practice on a small, less visible area first. This will give you the opportunity to test your own capabilities and identify typical mistakes arising during the work process.

The experience of plastering will be useful to any owner of an apartment or private house who prefers to do repairs themselves. Plaster is often used to level the surface, which the walls of almost all old houses need.

It is important to choose the right plaster mixture, taking into account the features and material from which the wall is built. It is also worth considering the type of surface and features environment. This largely depends on whether the work will be carried out outside or inside the building. Let's consider the features of the technology for each type of surface.

How to plaster a brick wall with your own hands

To properly plaster a brick wall, it is better to use a mixture that was made on the basis of cement. Sometimes lime is included in the composition, which gives the mixture additional plasticity. This allows the plaster to be used in rooms characterized by high humidity. Or in the case when work is carried out outside the building.

The procedure for applying plaster to a brick wall is carried out taking into account the following recommendations:

• the layer of mixture that is applied to the brick wall should not be more than 30 mm. It is important to know that if the layer thickness is more than 20 mm, a chain-link mesh must be used as a base. This will keep the mixture layer in place and make it more reliable, preventing the coating from falling off the wall over time. Plastered in this way can be both external and interior walls building;
• In order for the coating characteristics to ultimately meet the requirements, it is necessary to correctly mix all the ingredients, observing the following proportions: to 1 part of cement, you need to add ¾ of sand, having previously cleaned and sifted it. After this, water is added and all components are mixed until the solution becomes plastic, while maintaining its thickness;
• Another option is a cement-lime mixture. To prepare it you will need 1 part cement, as well as 5/7 parts sand and ½ part lime paste. In this case, you first need to mix the cement and sand, and then add lime, previously diluted in water to the consistency of milk.

Helpful advice! If, as a result of preparing the plaster according to all the recommendations, the mixture still turns out to be too thick, you can add a small amount of water.

One of the most difficult cases is the need to plaster over facing bricks. Its surface is too smooth and this significantly worsens adhesive properties plaster. In some cases, the use of reinforcing mesh may not be effective and the plaster crumbles into pieces or simply rolls off the surface. For such complex surfaces there is affordable solution in the form of special primer compositions.

Although many people prefer to do everything themselves by watching a training video. For beginners, plastering walls may seem overwhelming. challenging task However, the necessary skill is formed quickly, and after just a few hours of training, applying the mixture evenly and beautifully will be much easier.

Note! A video on how a beginner can plaster plasterboard walls with his own hands can be very useful. This process has its own nuances and, if necessary, should be considered on an individual basis.

How to plaster walls: video instructions for working with a concrete surface

Working with a concrete surface has its own nuances. If the surface is smooth, you will need preliminary preparation and applying a primer to which quartz inclusions are added. This allows you to make the wall rough and ensure the necessary adhesion of the surface to the plaster. To enhance the adhesion of the mixture and the wall, it is recommended to add gypsum powder to the solution at the mixing stage.

What is the best way to plaster the walls inside the house, if we are talking about concrete surface? Gypsum is suitable for this purpose. mortar, which can be prepared using the following components: 1 part gypsum and ¾ parts lime. First of all, gypsum is mixed with water. This must be done very quickly to prevent the mixture from thickening. Then add lime mortar and again quickly mix it all until smooth.

A complex preparation process is not required if the concrete wall initially has a rough surface. In this case it will be quite enough to use traditional technology applying plaster.

Helpful advice! Experts say that regardless of the type concrete wall to be plastered, it would be useful to first apply a layer of primer deep penetration.

How to plaster walls in a bathroom: advantages and disadvantages of various options

The answer to the question of how to plaster bathroom walls under tiles requires special attention. Difficult operating conditions, characterized by high humidity and constant temperature changes, can negatively affect the condition of the coating.

You have to choose what to plaster the walls in the bathtub from two options: cement and gypsum composition. The first option provides excellent waterproofing, which is an undeniable advantage in conditions of high humidity. In addition, the material is characterized by vapor permeability and extremely high strength.

But the use of gypsum plaster for finishing a bathroom has some nuances that will have to be taken into account. First of all, this concerns the thickness of the layer. It should not exceed 20 mm. And before you start laying tiles, you must treat the surface with a primer.

Thus, in the bathroom it is better to plaster the walls with cement mortar. The material is easy to apply with your own hands, and its characteristics show that the coating will last for many years and will be a good base for tiles.

Separately, it is worth considering the question of how a beginner can plaster a ceiling with his own hands. Video tutorials demonstrate all the complexities and subtleties of this task, so the owner can only follow the recommendations to get a good result.

How to properly plaster walls with your own hands: features of working with foam concrete

One of the main conditions for working with foam concrete is the use of reinforcing mesh. In this case, it is permissible to use both gypsum and cement mortar. The main thing is to properly prepare the surface by treating it with a special impregnating primer that can penetrate deep into the surface. But sometimes it is still necessary to use additional measures, for example, fixing a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh called “serpyanka”.

A responsible approach to the issue of choosing materials for plastering walls determines the service life of the coating, as well as the level of comfort during the work process. You can find it in specialized stores ready-made mixtures for any type of surface. Therefore, if you don’t want to bother mixing the components yourself, you can simply purchase ready-made option. This product is simply diluted with water, after which it is ready for use. Moreover, the recommendations of the manufacturers will allow you to understand what is better to plaster the walls in a particular case.

Important! Considering the variety of dry building mixtures, it is very easy to get confused in them and buy something that is not quite what you need. Therefore, it is recommended to carefully read all instructions and recommendations provided by the product manufacturer.

How a beginner can plaster walls with his own hands: video instructions

It is necessary to carry out preparatory work aimed at cleaning the surface from various kinds contamination and remove old finishing materials. This stage is important because it determines how well the plaster will hold up in the future.

In order to ensure reliable adhesion, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the wall, removing anything that may be between its base and the plaster. The cleaning method is selected taking into account the characteristics of the material from which the wall is made. All cracks identified during the preparatory stage must be eliminated in order to prevent cracking of the plaster in the future.

You can repair cracks in the wall different ways, each of which is suitable for a particular size of damage. Small cracks that extend deep into the wall will require widening to reach the narrowest part.

Having found its base, it is cleaned to remove dust and dirt. Then the primer is generously applied using a brush. When everything is completely dry, the crack can be repaired using putty made with gypsum or cement. Using a spatula, you need to try to level the “patch” with the wall surface as best as possible.

A shallow narrow crack can easily be sealed with sealant or silicone compound. Usually comes with a tube special nozzle with a thin nose, which allows you to easily carry out such operations, directing it deep into the crack.

If it is necessary to eliminate truly extensive damage, then for this purpose you can use polyurethane foam. Typically one coat of primer is applied and then the space is filled.

Helpful advice! If during work excess foam protrudes above the level of the wall, it can be easily removed by cutting it off with a sharp knife.

How to plaster a brick wall: surface preparation features

The better to plaster brick walls inside the house is a controversial issue. However, regardless of the choice, a high-quality surface preparation procedure must be carried out.

Often you have to deal with the fact that there is already a layer of old plaster on the surface of a brick wall. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of it efficiently. To do this, you can use water and a sponge, wetting the surface several times and waiting until the water is absorbed. This procedure will make the task much easier.

After this, using a spatula, the thickness work surface which is at least 1.5-2 mm, as well as a hammer, the old plaster is knocked off. To do this carefully and at the same time effectively, you first need to carefully tap one of the sections of the wall with a hammer. As a result of this procedure, cracks will appear, which will allow the coating to be picked up with a spatula. If necessary, you can also tap the handle of the spatula with a hammer to facilitate the process of removing the old coating.

Related article:

Main types of mesh, principles of selection, areas of application, methods of plastering, application options, tips and tricks.

After removing a layer of old plaster, you need to walk over the surface with an iron brush or grinder. After this, you should start deepening the seams between the bricks. This will ensure better adhesion between the plaster and the wall. It will be enough to deepen them by 5-7 mm.

The final stage of preparing a brick wall is cleaning the surface with a soft brush and a damp cloth. Then all that remains is to apply a layer of deep penetration primer. Moreover, it is better to do this in two layers, first letting the first layer dry before applying the second.

Features of preparing the surface of a concrete wall

Compared to a brick wall, a concrete wall is much easier to clean. However, due to the smoother texture, it will be more difficult to apply the plaster in such a way that it sticks.

In order to remove a layer of whitewash from a concrete surface, you need to thoroughly moisten the sponge with water and wipe the wall. Then, using a wire brush, remove the unnecessary layer and thoroughly wipe the surface again.

Another way is to apply over whitewash thick layer paste. After complete drying, using a regular spatula, the entire upper layer can be easily cleaned.

Having completed cleaning, you can proceed to applying shallow notches on the surface. This measure will ensure traction. Despite the fact that applying them will require a lot of effort and time, this process is very important and determines the result of the work, so this stage should not be neglected.

Some people prefer to use more in a simple way, which does not require notching - primer and the addition of quartz sand, followed by plastering the walls with cement-sand mortar. Due to the fine fraction, it is held on the surface, creating adhesion between the plaster and the wall. However, this method is not always effective, and to ensure its effectiveness, it is recommended to first check for small area walls.

Helpful advice! Determine how much effective method will quartz sand A simple test will allow you to do this: a primer with sand is applied to the surface and left until completely dry. Then you need to run your hand along the wall. If the sand begins to crumble when touched, then you will have to worry about creating notches on the surface.

Features of preparing a wooden surface

The process of cleaning a wooden surface is the simplest of all the tasks considered. In this case, it is enough to knock on the wall with a hammer, and the plaster will simply crumble onto the floor. It is recommended to make bed in advance plastic film to avoid contamination and facilitate the cleaning process.

To fix the plaster on a wooden surface, you will need to fill special wooden slats. People call them shingles. Using ordinary nails, they are driven all over the wall, oriented diagonally. This allows you to create not only an excellent basis for laying finishing material, but also at the same time solves the problem of the need to create beacons, which are required to level the surface of the wall.

If, after removing a layer of old plaster, shingles are found underneath, it must be knocked down and a new one made. Wooden elements quickly become unusable, succumbing to rot, insects and the influence of time. In addition, old shingles often serve as a source of unpleasant odors.

It is important not to forget about the need to apply protection to all wooden surfaces and elements. An antiseptic is necessary to prevent the appearance of fungi, mold, and harmful insects in wood. The composition is applied to each element and to the wall before the shingles are installed, and then again after the installation is completed. This allows for the maximum level of protection.

There are cases when, instead of wooden slats, they use metal mesh chain-link This is also an acceptable option, however, its thickness must be at least 3 mm, and fastening should not be carried out to the wall surface itself, but to slats specially prepared for this.

How to properly plaster walls with your own hands: video instructions for placing beacons

Since one of the main goals of plastering is to level the existing surface as much as possible, guidelines, otherwise called beacons, will be required. To understand how to plaster walls using beacons, you need to understand how and why they are placed. This is done using a building level in order to be able to make the surface as even as possible in the future.

Typically, metal guides are used for this purpose, fastened with gypsum mortar. This method is good because the plaster dries quickly and does not allow the profile to move, holding it in a given position. Such beacons should be placed at a distance of approximately 1.5 m from each other.

Helpful advice! If the existing level is too short and its length is not enough, in order to check the evenness of the beacons, you can use a long block. It is placed against one of the guides until the solution is completely dry, and a level is applied to its center.

As an example, you can see the instructions on how to plaster walls with your own hands without beacons. The video will clearly demonstrate other surface leveling options.

Rules for applying plaster to the surface

Plastering the surface consists of three stages, in each of which a layer of mortar is applied. Each of them is different and is laid using a special technology that best suits its purpose. The first layer is the thickest. It is thrown onto the wall and actually serves as a rough draft, on top of which more even and smooth layers will be laid in the future.

The first layer is applied using a trowel or simply by hand. It is only important to remember that if the solution comes into contact with the skin, you must take care of protection in the form of rubber gloves. The thickness of the first layer depends on the base: for a brick or concrete wall 5 mm will be enough, but for a wooden wall you will need a layer of about 8-9 mm, taking into account the lathing.

The second layer should be applied more carefully, but still it is not the finishing coat. It is applied using a wide spatula or trowel, bringing the solution to a dough-like consistency. The thickness of the middle layer should be about 7-8 mm.

The finishing layer is prepared with the addition of fine-grained sand, which does not contain large inclusions. The consistency of the solution should resemble sour cream in order to lie evenly and smooth out all the unevenness that remains after applying the first two layers.

For beginners in this matter, purchasing ready-made mixtures for each layer, which are available in any hardware store. Their compositions almost always promote good adhesion and provide a durable and reliable coating.

It is also worth first watching a video on how to plaster the corners of walls. Of course, it is easier to work with a flat surface, but leveling the corners may require some skill, especially considering how imperfect the initial data can be.

How to prepare a solution for plaster with your own hands

Despite the opportunity to save yourself the hassle and purchase already ready-made compositions, many people prefer to try to do everything themselves and prepare the plaster for each layer with their own hands. Let's look at a few of the most popular recipes that are widely used and have already gained trust:

1. A cement mortar in which 3 parts sand must be added to 1 part cement.
2. A lime-based solution in which 3 parts sand is added to 1 part lime.
3. Cement-lime: 5 parts sand, 1 part lime and 1 part cement.
4. Lime composition with the addition of gypsum: 1 part of dry gypsum is added to 3 parts of lime, mixed to a dough-like state.

Important! The resulting solution should be plastic and easily “spread” over the applied surface, but at the same time it should not flow down.

Before you start mixing the mortar according to the chosen recipe, it is useful to know that the prepared amount should be used within an hour, since in the future the plaster tends to lose some of its qualities, for example, plasticity. In addition, such “expired” material does not adhere well to the surface.

Particular attention should be paid to a solution prepared with the addition of gypsum, since this component significantly reduces the shelf life of the plaster before application to the wall. This solution must be applied immediately, immediately after preparation. In addition, the drying time will be affected by the thickness of the layer: a thin layer will dry almost instantly.

In order to avoid mistakes and not spoil a portion of the finished mixture, you need to carefully study the instructions, and only after that proceed to adding water, since the setting and drying period may vary.

How to mix the solution yourself: rules and recommendations

To mix a high-quality mixture yourself, you must adhere to the following procedure:

• You need to pour water into the container intended for mixing the solution. Then, according to the instructions, pour 6-8 trowels of the finished mixture and mix everything thoroughly using a construction mixer;
• the rest of the mixture is added gradually and during thorough mixing, which avoids the formation of lumps and gives the plaster plasticity and uniformity;
• then it is advisable to wait 2-3 minutes and mix the solution again. At this stage, you can determine whether there is a need to add water or a dry mixture to make the plaster thicker or, conversely, more liquid.

Once again, it is worth noting that one batch should consist of such an amount of material that can be used here and now. The recommendation is as follows:

• for a solution containing gypsum, the shelf life is limited to 25-30 minutes;
• if a cement base was used, then this period will be 40-60 minutes.

Wanting to give the surface a finished appearance, many people prefer to apply a layer of putty on top, which makes the surface perfectly smooth and serves as an excellent base for painting. The video on how to putty walls with your own hands tells in detail about all the nuances of this process and allows you to effectively complete Finishing work to level the surface.

How to putty walls with your own hands: video for beginners

You can learn how to properly plaster walls with cement mortar or a mixture containing gypsum by watching a thematic training video. The video on how to properly plaster walls tells in detail about the preparation and implementation of each stage.

In addition, in this way you can get answers to many questions of interest, for example, how to plaster the corners of walls and what needs to be done to further maintain the coating in its original form. You definitely need to pay attention to the finishing stage - puttying the walls and their further processing.

Sooner or later, any householder is faced with the problem of plastering walls. Whether it’s an old apartment that hasn’t seen a major renovation for a long time, or a large one, or a newly built one Vacation home. In any case, before gluing wallpaper or laying tiles, it is necessary to perform preliminary surface preparation.

Plastering work is a very labor-intensive process and requires the use of special knowledge. Of course, it is better to seek help from professionals, but this can cost you a pretty penny. But what to do if you don’t have that very penny? You can learn this. Below in detailed manual We will tell you about the stages of the work, how to prepare the surface and how to finish.

How to plaster walls

The composition for plaster is determined by the material of the wall covering, as well as the location of the prepared surface (indoors or outdoors).

The choice of the type of solution must be approached with all responsibility, because the further service life of the coating depends on it. If you have any doubts, it is better to contact a hardware store for professional advice.

In addition to homemade mortar, you can use ready-made plaster mixtures, which large assortment presented on construction market. One of the most popular and widespread mixtures today is “Rotband”.

Video: what to choose for wall decoration in the bathroom

Preliminary surface priming

If the wall has a highly absorbent base - sand-lime brick or aerated concrete, a deeply penetrating primer is used (Tifengrunt or its analogues). In addition to the fact that such a primer significantly improves the adhesion of the solution to the base, it also additionally strengthens the wall. Before starting work, the primer must be thoroughly mixed. Highly absorbent surfaces are treated twice.

For priming smooth surfaces that do not absorb moisture, a special mixture is used - “Betonokontakt”. Before applying the primer, it is necessary to clean the wall surface from dirt and dust, remove the flaking old plaster with a spatula or brush. Before use, “Betonokontakt” must be thoroughly mixed and diluted with water (no more than 1 hour per 2 hours mixture) if necessary. Plastering the surface should begin only after the soil layer has completely dried.

Video: is it necessary to prime the walls before plastering?

Surface preparation

First, you need to remove all old finishes and plaster, if any, and completely clean the wall of sagging, dust and dirt.

On wooden base shingles are installed, which can be made from plywood scraps or thin slats. It is recommended to stuff the material diagonally. The result will be a lathing that will serve as beacons and hold the plaster on the wall surface. Instead of wooden slats, the use of chain-link mesh is allowed. The wire reinforcement is attached to the plywood strips so that the distance between the mesh and the wall surface is at least 3 mm.

On concrete smooth wall Using a hammer and teeth, notches are made with a depth of 3 mm and a length of 15 mm. The number of notches depends on the area and is calculated using the formula 250 * m2.

Brick wall. To improve the adhesion of the mortar to the wall surface, depressions of up to 1 cm are made between the bricks.

Wooden and brick surfaces Before applying the plaster, moisten it with water using a garden sprayer or an ordinary broom. Concrete walls are treated with a special soil mixture- "Betonokontakt". For porous wall surfaces (sand-lime brick, aerated concrete, foam concrete), a deeply penetrating primer is used. The highly absorbent base is processed twice. After the primer has completely dried, you can proceed directly to plastering the walls.

Video: how to prepare a wall for finishing

Stages of work execution

Plaster is applied to the walls in several layers.

"Splash"

The prepared solution should have a consistency similar to sour cream. Thickness of the first layer for wooden surfaces- 10 mm, for stone and brick - 4-5 mm.

There are two ways to apply the solution:

"Priming"

The solution should have a dough-like consistency. First, the readiness of the previously applied “spray” is checked (if the surface is not dented when pressing with a finger, the “spray” has dried) and only after the first layer has completely dried, the second is applied. When throwing mortar onto the wall, you must try to fill all the voids. We level the surface using the rule from bottom to top, simultaneously filling the remaining empty areas. And at the last stage, to achieve the effect flat wall, we use a trowel, running it along the surface in a vertical and horizontal direction. For wooden walls, the thickness of the second layer should not exceed 20 mm. Leave until completely dry.

This is the so-called finishing layer of plaster, designed to hide all the imperfections of the “soil”. A solution of creamy consistency is prepared. All components included in it are first sifted through a sieve to prevent the appearance of lumps. We wet the surface of the “soil” with water and apply the solution in a thin layer using a trowel. Then, using a trowel, performing wavy or circular movements, we level the surface. There is no need to wait for this layer of plaster to dry completely. Let's start grouting.

More videos on the topic

Grouting plaster

All around. We press the wooden trowel firmly against the wall and, using circular movements counterclockwise, begin grouting. The sharp edge of the tool cuts off all irregularities and protrusions. If the “covering” layer has already hardened, moisten it with water.

Overclocking. To remove traces of circular movements, you need to press the grater against the wall and make several sharp strokes. To achieve the best result, you can go over the surface with a trowel covered with felt or felt.

So, we found out that plastering walls yourself is a realistically feasible task, and if you follow all the rules and regulations, you can cope with it without the involvement of strangers.

I welcome all readers who want to try their hand at plastering surfaces with cement-sand mortar on their own. It's about about how to plaster walls with your own hands using brickwork and it is assumed that the walls are laid relatively level, i.e. There is no need to place beacons.

The main purpose of plastering is to level, make a smooth, even surface and prepare it for finishing. It is the plastering of walls with mortar that is used both on the internal and external surfaces of the building. If inside, basically, they achieve a smooth surface for the final finishing of the room, for example, under, then outside this can be preparation before the final application of protection of the building from weather conditions or for high-quality.

But, no matter where the walls are plastered with mortar (inside or outside the building), the technology for leveling work is the same.

Now we will look at the question of how to plaster walls with our own hands in more detail.

Required tools and materials

To carry out the work we will need the following tools:

• an electric concrete mixer for mixing the mortar that we will use to plaster the walls. If the scope of work is not very large, you can mix the solution in a container with your own hands. You can read how to do this in my article. The entire mixing technology is the same, only the amount of water and sand is adjusted, and crushed stone is excluded from the composition.
• a sieve for sifting sand, a bucket, a shovel, a ladle, a grater, a grater, a long rule and a walkway if the work will be done at height.

Consumables for preparing a cement-sand plaster mixture will require cement, sand, water and an additive that will prevent the solution from quickly “settling.” As such an additive, you can use a plasticizer, or, in extreme cases, clay.

If all the tools and Consumables available, you can start working.

Step-by-step instructions for plastering walls with your own hands

Step 1. We sift the sand using a sieve and remove from it all large fractions that will interfere with the process of applying the mass to the wall.

As a sieve, you can use an ordinary stretcher with a fine mesh instead of a bottom or any other homemade device. The main thing is to separate the small fraction of sand from the large fraction (stones).

Step 2. We prepare the plaster mass for work. If you use a concrete mixer, then pour all the ingredients into it and mix everything thoroughly.

To prepare the cement-sand mass, we take one part of M500 cement (for convenience, you can take one bucket for one part), three parts of sand and, depending on the moisture content of the sand, from 0.5 to one part of water. Mix thoroughly, add a plasticizer or 0.5 parts of clay so that the solution does not settle quickly.

Step 3. We prepare the surface to be plastered before carrying out the work.

• we knock down all the parts of the mortar protruding from the seams between the bricks if they greatly interfere with the process of applying the plaster mass.
• we clean and remove debris on the floor at the junction of the wall and the floor. This procedure must be done in order to make it convenient to collect the fallen plaster mass on the floor and reuse it.
• We wet the surface on which we will work with water for better adhesion of the plaster mass and the wall.
• We close the boxes with electrical wiring in which the switches are installed.

Step 4. We take a narrow strip of surface vertically (approximately 1 meter wide) and, using a ladle, throw the plaster mixture for finishing onto the surface.

We try to make the cast as evenly as possible. It is most convenient to divide by height standard height premises 2.5 meters into three parts and work in sections. First apply the cement-sand mixture to a height of 0.8-0.9 m.

Step 5. Using a grater, evenly distribute the applied plaster mixture over the leveled surface as in the photo below.

In the end, we get an area like this with evenly applied plaster.

Step 6 We apply a similar plaster mixture to the area located above ours. We also spread the solution over an area measuring 1 meter in width and 0.8-0.9 m in height.

Step 7 Using a grater, distribute the thrown mass on the second section.

Step 8 We substitute the walkways and perform the operations of applying plaster as in steps 6 and 7 on the last - upper section of our strip. We get a completely pre-leveled strip from floor to ceiling.

Step 9 Moving in such vertical stripes, we go through and apply plaster to the entire area of ​​the wall.

Step 10 Let the solution applied to the leveled surface rise a little (15-20 minutes is enough) and move on to the next operation. Using a long rule, we remove excess plaster mass.

To carry out this operation, we apply the rule vertically with its end to the wall and moving it from right to left, or, conversely (for left-handers), as if we were removing the protruding tubercles of the plaster mass. We achieve an almost flat surface. After running along the wall, remove excess plaster from the rule. Using the same rule, we control the flatness, applying it in several places horizontally and vertically.

If necessary, repeat the operation to remove excess plaster mass.

Step 11 In a bucket we dilute the plaster cement-sand mixture to a liquid state. According to its consistency, it should flow freely from the ladle.

Moving in the same way in narrow stripes from floor to ceiling, we go through the entire wall and bring it to an almost flat state.

Step 13 We let our plaster mixture harden thoroughly, let it sit for approximately 1-2 hours, depending on the ambient temperature, and using a trowel we bring the wall to a finally smooth “finishing” state.

To do this, we slightly moisten the surface with water and, using a circular motion with a trowel, we finally smooth out all the surface irregularities.

This completes the plastering of the walls with your own hands. It is necessary to allow the mass to dry and gain strength. The cement-sand mass will gain its final strength in 20 days and it will be possible to begin the final finishing - puttying or painting the surface.

That's all I have for today. Now you know how to plaster walls with your own hands using cement mortar and level the walls. I look forward to your feedback and comments. If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer everyone.

Video: “How to plaster walls with your own hands”

Easy, fast and high-quality repairs to everyone.

New progressive methods and nanotechnologies that appear almost every day in production and in everyday life never cease to amaze both ordinary people and professionals. Take, for example, the same construction. Could it be, say, in Soviet time some foreman, almost with tears in his eyes, knocking out the notorious plan from his workers, dream that there would be not only special devices for plastering walls, but at least more or less acceptable finishing materials, and not just sand and cement . Of course not. But they worked. They erected houses and handed over keys to apartments to happy new residents. And they carried out the same plan. And they overfulfilled it. True, the quality of the work left much to be desired, but these are minor things. And therefore, today, when there is a huge amount of all kinds of finishing materials that greatly facilitate the work of the master, it would be a sin not to take advantage of it. Houses are still being built today; the same crooked, Soviet-era walls remain, which the current owners would like to bring to fruition. You never know where finishing work is required. And they are oh so expensive if you invite professionals. That is why home craftsmen are increasingly thinking about how to learn how to plaster walls, whether it is possible to cope with this work on their own, which materials are better for which surfaces. We will try to give a comprehensive answer to these and other questions in our review. At the same time, we’ll tell you in detail how to plaster walls using beacons, what types of finishing materials there are, how to properly prepare the surface, and much more. We read, we educate ourselves, we learn. And we plaster the walls with our own hands.

Methods

Since no one can plaster walls without at least rudimentary skills and knowledge of the basics of the process, let’s start, as they say, from the very beginning. By and large, there are only two finishing methods. This is plaster, so to speak, in a plane, using special device- rules. And with the display (necessarily at the building level) of lighthouses. The first option is used in cases where the curvature of the surface is not too noticeable, and the defects and differences existing on it are not particularly significant. The second one is used for finishing rough walls. Or so crooked that they can only be brought to perfection by applying a thick layer of finishing material. It is much easier to work in a plane, but with beacons it is much more difficult. Therefore, before looking for the answer to the question of how to properly plaster walls, wisely assess the surface to be updated. It may be possible to get by with, so to speak, a little bloodshed.

Kinds

The question “how to plaster walls correctly” cannot be answered unambiguously. Because this type of finishing work can be performed in different ways and using various materials. In addition, the walls themselves are also not all the same and not everywhere. They can be either internal or external. Both façade and utility room surfaces are subject to plastering. Agree, it is difficult to compare the walls of a closet with those in, say, a living room or bedroom. In this regard, when we plaster walls with our own hands, without, quite understandably, having the necessary professional skills, we should remember the following. IN non-residential premises which do not require additional finishing (the same wallpapering or cladding ceramic tiles) - storerooms, garages, sheds, etc. - applicable the usual way plastering walls. With this type, the solution is applied only in two layers, usually by eye. With an improved finish, they are plastered in three layers, in addition, the walls must be puttyed after applying and drying the solution. High-quality finishing involves the use of beacons and expensive mixtures from well-known brands.

In addition, anyone who has decided to thoroughly study how to plaster walls correctly must remember one more thing: do not confuse ordinary finishing with decorative ones. Venetian, flock, textured and other types of plaster are not intended for leveling walls. This is the final stage of finishing work, followed only by painting.

Materials

It is quite understandable that every novice master has a logical question: “What is the best way to plaster walls?” Today, few people prepare their own solutions, because you can buy ready-made mixtures that just need to be diluted with water. The main thing is to choose them correctly. For example, cement-lime mixtures are excellent for walls made of aerated concrete, brick, and concrete. They are made from sand, lime, cement and various additives that promote better adhesion of the solution and improve it quality characteristics. There are also universal mixtures, suitable for finishing any walls, both inside and outside. They are called cement-sand, and what they consist of is clear from the name. Plus, of course, the same additives, without which, by the way, not a single mixture for finishing work can do today. Last view - gypsum plasters- the most popular. But these mixtures are also the most expensive. But they are easy to work with, and the quality of finishing with gypsum solutions is always excellent. True, they dry out very quickly, in addition, they cannot be used in rooms with high humidity. Therefore, for example, if the question is “how to plaster the walls in the bathroom,” then the best answer to it would be to choose cement-sand mortar, which is not afraid of any water.

Tools

When wondering how to plaster walls, you need to understand that you won’t be able to do it without special tools. Therefore, every novice finisher should certainly acquire the following materials and tools:

Preparation

Since it is impossible to plaster walls without first preparing them, let’s say a few words about this simple but very important process. First of all, it is necessary to remove the old coating on it from the surface. First of all, this applies to wallpaper, oil paint, and whitewash. Moreover, you need to get rid of them very diligently, to the maximum. If you find significant cracks or any other mechanical damage on the wall, they need to be widened, then cleaned of the existing sand, primed and sealed with mortar. You also need to check the surface for internal defects, in particular voids. Why do you need to tap the wall? The presence of a dull sound will indicate that in this place old plaster poorly adhered to the base surface. It must be beaten off and then sealed as well. If the resulting holes after beating are very deep, then for better adhesion of the solution used to fill defects, you need to put some kind of filler into them - polystyrene foam, pieces reinforcing mesh etc. It is also better to beat off the bumps protruding above the surface, which will make it possible to significantly save the amount of finishing material used.

A prerequisite is that the surface must be very carefully primed before starting work. For everyone finishing material There is a type of primer (information about this can be read on the packaging in which the mixture is stored). If there is no way to purchase exactly the one recommended by the manufacturer, take acrylic. We apply the primer either with a roller or a brush. If you have a spray bottle, even better. You can use it.

What to watch out for

Even highly qualified professionals, let alone beginners, often make mistakes. What should you be wary of when starting to plaster walls? What defects are most common and how to avoid them?

Shrinkage cracks most often occur because the mortar used for the job dries too quickly. Most often this happens when the room temperature is very high. Or there is a draft moving through it. Another reason for the appearance of this kind of cracks is the application of a subsequent layer of mortar on top of the previous one that has not yet had time to dry.

It also happens that in some places the new plaster simply begins to peel off. All this happens due to the fact that the preliminary preparation of the walls was carried out incorrectly (or carelessly). Let's say the base surface was either too dry or very dirty.

Sometimes on freshly finished walls in certain areas the mortar seems to swell. Cause? The original base surface was very raw.

Quite often, novice craftsmen are not very happy with their work, because the plastered surface turns out to be rough. Well, it was necessary to carry out the final procedure - grouting - more conscientiously.

The occurrence of all of the listed shortcomings may be due to one more reason: a discrepancy between the material from which the walls are built and the mortar used for finishing. But we will cover this issue in more detail below.

Gypsum

By and large, the process of plastering walls is almost always the same. The only thing is that some nuances may arise when using finishing materials that have a different base. As we said above, all solutions are usually prepared from gypsum or cement. Therefore, a few words about their features.

So, how to plaster walls with gypsum plaster? Firstly, such mixtures are very rarely used to level walls that are characterized by large curvature. You can't call gypsum plasters bad. On the contrary, they are very good. But, as we already mentioned, firstly, they are expensive, and secondly, they dry very quickly. In this regard, they are most often used only where it is necessary to apply a small layer of finishing material to obtain a high-quality final result. Due to the fact that gypsum mortar dries quickly, it is ideal for sealing large local defects. As for the features of working with it, you need to remember one thing: you need to knead it quickly, and not very much. As much as is needed to treat a section of wall for an hour. Naturally, you cannot compare the speed of work of a professional and a novice master. Therefore, mix the solution in small portions and quickly, using a special mixer (this is the name of the attachment on an electric drill). Spray the entire prepared mixture at once with a small spatula, and then level it over the surface with a large one (about forty or fifty centimeters long). The first layer is aligned horizontally. If you need to apply another layer, you should wait until the first one is completely dry. The second one is aligned vertically.

Cement

Modern cement mortars, due to the presence of various additives and modifiers in them, are very plastic, easy to work with, and do not harden for a long time. How to plaster walls with cement mortar? Yes, exactly the same as with plaster. The only difference is that cement mixtures do not dry out so quickly, and therefore they are excellent for finishing large areas. In addition, if it is necessary to apply the solution in several layers, it is necessary to increase the exposure time (the solution dries within six or even eight hours).

When, after a little practice, you realize that you have already gained enough experience, you can work with the help of the rule. First you throw it on cement mixture on a significant section of the wall, and then level it, drawing the rule from top to bottom.

Angles

One of the most painful questions. How to plaster the corners of walls? Indeed, this can become a problem. Especially when you consider that the corners in our apartments are far from exemplary. In order to make them straight, you can use a little trick. You need to stock up on a good straight board, and its length should be the same as the height of the room. Then use self-tapping screws to secure it directly into the corner of the perpendicular wall, retreating from its edge a distance equal to the thickness of the applied layer of plaster mortar. The procedure must be carried out using (this is a prerequisite) a level and a plumb line. After the plastered surface has dried, fix the board in the same way on the already treated surface in order to finish the entire corner. As for the outer corners, everything is much simpler here. To finish them, a special perforated metal profile is sold, which is attached to the corner to be leveled using mortar. We control the correctness of the work at the same level.

As you can see, the devil is not so scary... Well, now about a more complex procedure. About how to plaster walls using beacons.

We work with beacons

This method allows you to obtain an almost flat surface at the output. When working with beacons, a cement-based mixture is used for plastering, but the profile needs to be fixed to the wall gypsum mortar, as it dries faster. So, the algorithm of actions.

Beacons are special metal profiles that can be purchased at almost any hardware store. Before purchasing them, measure the height and area of ​​the room to be finished. And then do the calculations. The profile must be installed every one and a half meters. The distance from the first lighthouse to the corner is no more than fifteen, maximum twenty centimeters. As for the length, it varies, but not less than two and a half meters.

So, a description of the process. Vertically we apply bumps of gypsum mortar to the wall every thirty centimeters. Then carefully insert the beacon into them (its length should correspond to the height of the room). And then, checking with a level, we press the profile into the solution so that in the end it stands perfectly level. First, we install two beacons in the corners in this way. Then we stretch the thread between them (under the ceiling and closer to the floor). It will serve as a guide for installing beacons in the middle of the wall. Now you need to wait for the solution to dry completely. Experienced craftsmen often use alabaster to strengthen lighthouses. But this method is not entirely suitable for a beginner, since such a solution dries out almost instantly. So it's better to be patient.

Next you need to plaster the gaps between the beacons. Starting from the floor, add the solution. And then, as a rule, running it along the beacons (almost like on rails), we pull it up and level it. Filling the gaps must be done in parts. Professionals recommend that after the gap is completely filled, apply the rule several times in the vertical direction. This will make the wall smoother.

Upon completion of the work and after the solution has dried, some then break out the profiles, and the resulting cavities are sealed again. By and large, apart from additional difficulties, this will not bring anything. So the beacons can be safely left in the wall. They are made of stainless metal, and therefore will not present any unpleasant surprises during the further finishing process.

Slopes

As a rule, if such extensive work is carried out in a room, then everything is finished. Therefore, a novice master is interested in how to plaster slopes. We answer. Just like everything else. Using a solution and a level. As you know, slopes (it doesn’t matter whether they are doors or windows) have external corners. A special profile is used for their finishing. We have already mentioned it above. As for the material used, if the defects on the slopes are large, then it is preferable to use cement mortars, since the plaster will have to be applied in several stages. If not very good, plaster will do. The algorithm of actions is similar. Preparing the surface, pouring the solution, leveling it with a spatula. The final stage is finishing with putty and painting.

Various surfaces

Everyone knows that wall surfaces are different. This could be plasterboard, which, by the way, there is no need to plaster, since the walls made of it are already smooth, and brick, and wood, and blocks. The finishing of each surface has its own nuances. What follows in a few words.

How to plaster walls made of foam blocks? For these purposes, a cement mixture is usually used. You can use a regular one, or you can purchase a special one, created for finishing this particular material. True, its cost is much higher. Let's agree right away. The plastering process itself - regardless of what the base surface is made of - is the same in all cases. The difference lies only in the presence or absence of any additional steps. For example, to plaster foam blocks, it is necessary to first strengthen the surface with a reinforcing mesh. It is mounted on special hooks. And then carry out finishing work. How to plaster aerated concrete walls? The same as from foam blocks - cement mortar. Only here it is already possible to do without reinforcement; it is enough to place a polyurethane paint mesh under the solution.

The question of how to plaster brick walls can be answered as follows. If they are very uneven, then you also need to carry out reinforcement first. And use the same cement mortar as the material. With almost perfect brickwork, it is quite possible to work with a gypsum mixture. But, as already mentioned, it is more expensive, and therefore large areas not very acceptable (based on economic considerations). As for how to plaster wooden walls, everything is clear here. Only on the lathing, and only with gypsum mortar. A lot has already been said about the latter, so we won’t repeat it. As for the so-called shingles, they are made from slats, nailing them crosswise. After which I treat it with an antiseptic, and then apply a plaster solution to the surface.

Modern technologies have made it possible to significantly simplify the process of façade cladding. Now there is no need to purchase expensive materials, the installation of which will take more than one week. The perfect solution for façade finishing – decorative plaster. Positive qualities, durability, reasonable cost, possibility self-installation make decorative plaster one of the most commonly used materials.

What is

Decorative plaster is a finishing mixture. Its main components are alabaster, gypsum, and lime. When the mixture is applied to the wall, it hardens, forming a durable finishing layer.

Decorative plaster is used for cladding the facades of buildings, finishing walls, ceilings, as well as various additional structures (for example, arches, bridges, pillars).

Not only decorative plaster is widely used in construction. In addition to it, the following types of mixtures are used:

• Standard plaster. Necessary for leveling surfaces and protecting them from damage.
• Special plaster. It is applied to the surface to create a protective insulating layer.

Decorative facade plaster is designed not only to give the building an aesthetic appearance, but also to create protective conditions to prevent damage to the surface. Applying plaster to the facade significantly increases the service life of the building.

Facade plaster has the following features:

• A variety of colors, the ability to choose texture. Thanks to this property, it is possible to select an individual material that is in harmony with overall design the entire building.
• Resistance to sudden temperature changes. The plaster is not affected by severe frosts winter period, nor the summer heat.
• Ease of use. You can install the material yourself at home. It does not require special skills or knowledge.
• Waterproof. The facade finished with plaster is not subject to damage due to atmospheric phenomena, high humidity and dampness.
• Persistence. Facade plaster is not subject to damage under the influence of mechanical destruction.
• Ability to pass steam and air. The material from which the plaster is made is capable of permeable air. This prevents the formation of mustiness and promotes natural ventilation air flows.
• Soundproof. Facade plaster serves as a natural barrier from extraneous sounds.
• Thermal insulation. The material creates a natural barrier to cold air flows. This allows you to maintain the maximum level of heat in the building.
• Reasonable price. As a finishing material for facades, plaster has the lowest cost on the market building materials. You can afford to purchase it even on a limited budget.

Kinds

Finishing the facade of a house with plaster does not take much time and does not require specific skills. Before you start purchasing material, you need to choose the most suitable type of plaster.

Facade plaster is available in several types. Its properties and qualities vary depending on the composition of the material:

• mineral;
• silicate;
• acrylic;
• silicone.

Before choosing a specific type of plaster, it is necessary to study the basic properties of each composition.

This type of material has the lowest and reasonable cost. This is due to the fact that it contains inexpensive materials. So, its main part is cement.

This type of plaster is highly durable and resistant. Thanks to active minerals included in the composition, the plaster is resistant to moisture and dampness.

Mineral plaster does not have a variety of colors. If necessary, you can additionally paint the facade.

Mineral plaster is supplied in the form of a dry mixture. She should be divorced clean water in the proportions indicated on the packaging.

This material is based on a silicate substance, popularly called “ liquid glass" Thanks to it, the plaster has strength, stability and strength.
Among the features of silicate plaster, one can note an increased level of vapor permeability. Thanks to it, moisture and dampness do not accumulate on the surface of the facade. This prevents the formation of mold and the spread of pathogenic microbes.
Plasticity is also an important quality of the material. This allows this type of plaster to be applied to any surface shape.
Silicate plaster is able to repel dirt and moisture. This helps maintain the aesthetic appearance of the building.

Most often this type material used for decorative finishing facades. It is made on the basis of acrylic resins.

Main qualities:

• resistance to temperature changes;
• durability;
• breathability;
• moisture resistance.

Plaster serves as a natural barrier to dirt, moisture and dampness, preventing them from penetrating into the building.

Special additives included in the plaster give it a unique decorative look. This allows you to create a certain surface texture.

This type of material has the highest cost. Silicone plaster is distinguished by high quality, durability, can be used on any surface.
It is based on various polymer materials. They provide protection for the facade from environmental phenomena, external damage, and temperature changes.
A distinctive feature of silicone plaster is its ability to retain its original appearance over a long period of time.
The material is presented richly color scheme, allowing you to choose almost any desired shade.

Application stages

Plastering the facade of a house with your own hands is done in several stages:

1. Preparation of materials.
2. Carrying out settlement work.
3. Preparing the building facade for work.
4. Applying plaster.

No special tools are required to apply the plaster. The standard set is quite enough.

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to study the basic properties of the material and technology. It is also important to make preliminary calculations. This will allow you to purchase required quantity plaster mixture.

Plaster is applied only to the prepared surface. The façade of the building must first be cleared of remnants of the previous finishing. There should be no dirt, dust or paint on its surface.

If there are cracks on the surface of the facade, they should be filled with leveling material.

It is worth remembering that when finishing the upper part of the facade with plaster, the work will be carried out at a considerable height. To do this, it is necessary to install scaffolding.

To ensure better adhesion of the plaster mixture to the surface of the facade, it is recommended to pre-prime it.

Reinforcement technology is used to secure the plaster mixture to the surface. To do this, a reinforcing mesh and plaster beacons should be fixed to the surface of the facade to level the applied mixture.

Features of applying plaster

After preparing the base for work and preparing the plaster mixture, you can proceed to the application process. It should be done at positive air temperatures, in calm weather. There should be no precipitation.

The material is applied in several stages:

1. Applying the first layer. For this purpose, spray technology is used. The prepared solution is sprayed onto the surface with a sharp movement of the hand. Next, the material needs to be leveled building rule. The thickness of the first layer should be about 4 cm.
2. Applying a second layer of plaster. Leveling the surface.
3. Carrying out troweling work to level the surface. If decorative acrylic plaster is used to create a relief, grouting is done using special rollers and spatulas.
Finished facade