home > Ceiling > Which is better to build a house for permanent residence: choosing what material is best to build a house from. What is better to build a cottage for permanent residence from? What is it better to build a country house from?

Which is better to build a house for permanent residence: choosing what material is best to build a house from. What is better to build a cottage for permanent residence from? What is it better to build a country house from?

Who doesn't dream big today? country house? But before you decide to make your dream come true and start building a home, you should think carefully about the purposes for which the future construction is planned. If you need a dacha for a seasonal stay, that’s one thing, but building a house for permanent residence– this is a completely different format of construction. And the most exciting question: what to build a house from inexpensively and with high quality. Let's try to figure it out in our article.

The first thing you need to decide on when deciding to build own home for permanent residence - this is construction material, the choice of which depends on a huge number of related factors:

strength and durability;
microclimate inside residential premises;
thermal conductivity and sound insulation;
frost resistance;
thermal insulation and moisture resistance.

What materials does the modern market offer for suburban construction, and what is the best material to use to build a house for permanent residence?

Of course, you need to choose material for individual construction taking into account all the above parameters, but The main criterion is considered to be strength, since it is this that forms the structure of the building and affects the load-bearing function of the walls.

When choosing what to build a house from for permanent residence, all materials can be divided into four main groups:

brick and stone;
lightweight concrete materials;
tree;
chipboard panels.

Construction of a house for permanent residence made of brick

Buildings made of brick are the most massive structures. They perfectly withstand the effects of all kinds of natural factors and, at the same time, have an attractive appearance. However, in order to build own house, from the most popular material at first glance - brick, you will have to incur quite a few financial costs.

The main advantages of a brick house are the high strength of the material. And according to its characteristics bearing capacity, a wall built from this type of building materials is almost as good as a concrete one. Such characteristics are ideal both for low-rise suburban construction and for the construction multi-storey buildings. In addition, a house made of brick will not burn, rot or shrink.

Only, in terms of energy efficiency, walls made of ceramic or sand-lime bricks lag significantly behind other building materials. In order to ensure sufficient energy efficiency for a private home, a brick wall must have minimum thickness 120 cm. It becomes clear that no one will build a “bunker” with such walls for permanent year-round living, so today brick is increasingly used as a facing material.

Another important disadvantage of building a house made of bricks is the high cost of the material, so it is important to correctly calculate your financial capabilities, otherwise construction may take a very long time.

Summarizing all of the above, we can say that the main The advantages of brick as a building material are:

the possibility of long-term operation of the built house;
high frost resistance;
precise geometry of products;
good combination with any type of masonry mortar;
high strength;
aesthetic appearance.

However, brick has many disadvantages:

Low moisture resistance some types of material. For example, sand-lime brick strongly absorbs water; this can be clearly seen when it takes on a dark tint during rain. This quality greatly affects the humidity inside the room. In this regard, sand-lime brick is not used for laying basements and basements; sand-lime brick should not be used when building a house in regions with high air humidity.
High thermal conductivity. To achieve positive characteristics, it is necessary to resort to additional costs for thermal insulation of walls or thickening them.
High product weight. The brick has a large mass, which makes the structure heavier and creates an even greater load on the foundation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to build a stronger and more solid foundation, and this further increases construction costs.
High cost of material.

So, it turns out that brick has significant disadvantages, so before making it the main material in the construction of a private house, you should think carefully.

brick houses

Construction of a house from concrete blocks

Today, among building materials, brick is significantly reducing its position, giving way to modern building blocks.

Affordable price is the main reason determining the choice of blocks. At the same time, building a house for permanent residence from blocks is not only cheaper, but also much faster, since such large-sized material in quantity can replace from 4 to 14 ordinary bricks.

Today the building materials market offers these types of blocks:

gas blocks;
foam blocks;
cinder blocks;
expanded clay concrete blocks;
wood concrete;
shell rock blocks.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Gas and foam blocks

Gas and foam blocks have the same technical characteristics and are excellent for the construction of low-rise buildings. Their only difference is the internal structure of the material.

Gas blocks are made from a homogeneous mixture of sand, cement and lime with the addition of a special powder - a gas-forming agent, in order to achieve small through channels inside the block.

Foam blocks, on the contrary, they have closed pores inside the material. Such a structure is achieved during production by adding special substances - foaming agents - to the concrete solution. It is worth noting that such production makes it possible to increase the quality of foam blocks, creating additional energy-saving capabilities for the material and significantly reducing its weight. Also, unlike a gas block, whose open channels conduct moisture well, foam blocks do not need additional protection from moisture.

They produce blocks of various formats and thicknesses, which allows the developer to choose the optimal material for individual construction without extra costs for additional insulation. Good geometric data allows you to build houses with a complex structure.

Also, foam blocks and gas blocks do not require complex finishing; this can be done using putty or decorative plaster.

In addition to all the listed advantages, a significant argument in choosing this particular material for construction will be its low cost. Average price on the construction market 1 m 3 is about 3 thousand rubles.

Among the disadvantages of foam and gas blocks are: the following characteristics of these materials:

fragility;
high water permeability (for gas blocks);
mandatory external and internal decoration of the house;
the presence of chemical elements in the composition.

houses made of gas blocks and foam blocks from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Cinder blocks and expanded clay concrete blocks

Cinder blocks are also inexpensive building materials, however, due to the too high thermal conductivity of the constructed walls, they require additional insulation. In addition, cinder blocks have a lot of weight. It is these disadvantages that can explain the fact that consumers give greater preference to expanded clay concrete blocks.

As positive characteristics of cinder block developers highlight:

fire resistance;
low cost;
high thermal insulation;
resistance to fungus and mold;
long service life of the built house.

The most basic disadvantages of cinder block are:

fragility of the material;
low moisture resistance;
low sound insulation;
the need for interior and exterior decoration of the house.

Expanded clay concrete block products, at the same cost, are less thermally conductive, more durable and environmentally friendly material.

Expanded clay blocks are a material consisting of expanded clay gravel (the result of special firing of clay) and cement mortar. Such raw materials have high strength indicators and are designed for the construction of individual houses up to 3 floors. Moreover, the construction process does not take much time. In addition, expanded clay concrete is a fairly warm and environmentally friendly building material, as it does not contain synthetic additives.

Good vapor permeability creates an optimal balance of humidity in the living room.

Prices for expanded clay blocks quite acceptable, 1m 3 will cost approximately 3 thousand rubles.

And also, on our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of expanded clay blocks from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Arbolit

The constituent components of wood concrete blocks are wood chips and cement mortar with special additives. This composition allows you to get a warm and light block.

Due to its density, wood concrete allows the construction of small buildings, while due to its elasticity, it is able to withstand, among other things, floor slabs.

This material breathes well, is very environmentally friendly, and has excellent heat and sound insulation.

The disadvantages of wood concrete include:

High moisture absorption rate. A house made of wood concrete blocks requires additional protection from moisture, which means that you will have to spend money on insulating and specialized moisture-repellent finishing materials.
The uneven surface of the block leads to some difficulties during the construction of walls, and also causes high consumption of concrete mortar.

Also, a significant disadvantage of wood concrete is often considered to be the large amount of low-quality material on the construction market. Due to the fact that the production of blocks does not require specialized equipment, they are often produced using artisanal methods, using uncertified chemical additives and violations of production technology. All this causes a deterioration in the quality of the finished raw material, so you need to buy wood concrete only from trusted sellers and manufacturers.

Prices for purchasing wood concrete start from 4 thousand rubles per 1 m 3.

You can also check out the most popular projects on our website. wood concrete houses from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Shell rock blocks

This type of material is the most expensive among blocks and will cost at least 5 thousand rubles per 1 m 3. At the same time, the technique of obtaining raw materials from a marine sedimentary massif additionally imparts fragility to the shell rock.

Advantages of shell rock blocks:

sound absorption;
good thermal insulation;
durability;
good vapor permeability;
environmental friendliness.

In addition, shell rock has a number of exceptional properties determined by its nature. Thus, the material undergoes impregnation during its formation sea salt and absorbs a large amount of iodine. The presence of these substances in the composition of raw materials gives the house made from it healing properties. Also, thanks to iodine, shell rock walls protect very well from radiation.

The disadvantages of shell rock are:

The need for strengthening in the case of building a house of more than two floors using special armored belts.
Lack of standardized block shapes (it is practically impossible to find two shell rock blocks of the same shape).
The need for additional protection of the structure from moisture.
Due to its fragility, the material requires care during transportation, as well as unloading or unloading.

Construction of wooden houses for permanent residence

As for wood, there are two options for building materials:

log;
beam;

A house for permanent residence made of wood puts minimal load on the foundation, which allows you to save money already at the very first stage of construction.

An important point when choosing building materials is also considered to be what to build wooden houses possible regardless of the time of year and in any weather.

House made of timber

Modern timber will allow you to build a neat individual home in any style. It has good geometric parameters, rectangular or square section and smooth, very even sides. Houses made of timber have minimal shrinkage, the manufacture of a log house does not require the use of special construction equipment, and the aesthetic properties of the material allow you to do without external and interior decoration, and thereby save on finishing work.

The timber has a large number of advantages:

environmental friendliness;
aesthetics;
efficiency of construction;
high level of sound insulation and good thermal conductivity;
strength and reliability of the structure;
Possibility of installation at any time of the year;
does not require the construction of a bulky, expensive foundation;
does not require decorative finishing;
positive, healing properties from wood.

However, timber also has disadvantages:

The need for additional material processing. The main, common disadvantage of wood products is its susceptibility to moisture and insects. In addition, over time it tends to crack and rot, thereby losing its original aesthetic appearance, so the wood must be constantly treated with special substances.
High fire hazard of the material. Any wood is highly flammable, and because of this requires additional protection by treating it with fire-retardant compounds.
Requires additional costs for heat and waterproofing.
Long-term shrinkage. Despite the slight shrinkage, sagging a private house will be within six months. In this case, during the shrinkage process, cracks may appear in the walls.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of double timber, laminated timber and profiled timber from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Log house

The classics of wooden houses are log buildings. In addition to the traditional Russian hut, modern construction technologies make it possible to build a log house of any configuration, from a small Finnish house to a cozy cottage in the Art Nouveau style.

Modern construction logs are 100% natural and environmentally friendly, which provides excellent natural ventilation of the room.

As in the case of timber, no costs are required for a massive foundation.

Strength, reliability and beautiful appearance are also the main characteristics of a log house.

The quick heating of a house made of wood is also an advantage, because it significantly saves heating costs.

The availability and lightness of the material allow you to build a comfortable wooden house in the shortest possible time.

To the disadvantages of logs, like anyone wooden material, include:

susceptibility to rotting;
strong and long-term shrinkage;
fire hazard of the material;
additional costs for insulation and waterproofing of the structure.

Today construction market offers two types of logs, chopped or rounded.

Rounded log– a product of industrial processing of lumber. It has more low price, do not require additional finishing and look quite attractive.

Chopped logs are more expensive due to their manual processing, but have greater strength.

Beautiful house made of rounded logs

When deciding which specific construction technology to choose, you should pay attention to two aspects:

When building a house from timber and industrially processed logs, there is absolutely no need to cut out recesses (bowls) for greater stability of the structure.
If you choose to build a house from hand-cut logs, you will have to pay for the very expensive labor of a professional hewer (a specialist who will cut out bowls - special recesses for connecting logs into a log house).

Building a house from a log can hardly be called completely affordable. So, cost of 1 m3 of rounded logs ranges from 7 to 10 thousand rubles, and chopped is much higher.

Also, on our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects houses made of hand-cut logs and rounded logs from construction companies represented at the exhibition of Low-Rise Country houses.

Construction of a frame house for permanent residence

Building a new home is always a big expense. Few people can afford to build without paying attention to estimates. Most often you have to save money to fit into the budget. However, the savings should be reasonable, because the owner and his family will live in the new place. The building should be warm, dry, comfortable, and pleasant to look at. How to achieve this without overpayments? First of all, save on a team of workers. If the developer has the necessary skills, then everything or almost everything can be done yourself. You can also choose inexpensive materials, available technologies, standard project. How to build a house with your own hands cheaper? What is worth saving on, and where is it better not to risk it?

Savings start with choosing a project. The more complex the architectural forms, the more expensive the construction costs. It is irrational to try to reduce costs at the expense of workers, technical supervision or quality of materials by initially choosing an expensive project.

It is better to clearly determine the required living space, without depriving the family, but also without allowing yourself extra square meters, and choose a simple roof shape. This will create cozy home, fully meeting the needs of the family, but without architectural “excesses” - a multi-pitched roof, bay windows, columns, arches.

It makes sense to consider options for building a one- or two-story structure with a residential attic.

A residential attic is much more profitable than a separate floor. The construction of the floor will require more materials - for walls, insulation, finishing

If you choose lightweight building materials and suitable technologies for building walls, you can save on the foundation. A less powerful structure will be needed, plus the formwork can be made from substandard boards or used fiberboard boards.

The only thing you don't want to cut costs on is cement. You need to buy it of high quality, otherwise the strength of the structure will be in question. The depth of the trench under the foundation must also correspond to the calculated weight of the building in order to avoid severe settlement, which can lead to cracks in the walls.

What is most often used during construction:

brick;
beam;
gas block

When constructing houses and cottages, frame technology is increasingly being used. This is a promising method that allows you to build quickly and at minimal cost.

To find out what will cost the least for construction, you will have to calculate estimates for each of the options, because... the cost of the material itself is not always an indicator of benefit. For example, choosing multi-purpose resources can help reduce costs. The cost of a two-in-one hydro- and vapor barrier will ultimately be cheaper than buying two different types isolation.

When making calculations, one should proceed from the fact that the finished building must be comfortable for living and comply with heat conservation and safety standards.

The advantages of a frame structure are lower time and labor costs for the construction of a building. The design is lightweight, does not create an increased load on the foundation and does not require its reinforcement

A dwelling using this technology can be built within a period of several weeks to several months, depending on whether the owner builds it himself or hires a team. Finished buildings are durable and resistant to deformation. The estimated service life is approximately 75 years.

Load-bearing structures are convenient for subsequent cladding finishing materials, because all elements are unified. This significantly expands: siding, cassette panels, and a block house can be mounted on the walls. Sheathing increases the strength of the entire structure without significantly increasing its weight.

Video about the design

There are two main technologies, each of which has its own characteristics.

Frame-panel. How to build a house cheaper? Collected with my own hands. Of course, this will require skills and equipment. Thanks to this species construction, this is possible, although you will need to invest a lot of time and additional money in the purchase of insulation and other things. The frame is made of wood and covered with sandwich panels. Each part has to be installed separately, which affects the timing and complexity of construction.

Frame-panel. This option is expensive, but reliable and requires much less labor. The structure is assembled from ready-made panels, which are manufactured at the factory to special order. The panels are supplied already insulated and completely ready for assembly. If we compare the prices of panel and panel buildings, the former are more expensive. However, the final cost may turn out to be the same if workers are invited to assemble frame-panel housing, because you have to pay for all types of work separately - assembly, cladding, thermal insulation, finishing.

The assembled wooden frame already looks like a finished house. It only requires cladding and finishing. Steam and waterproofing materials are installed into the walls of the structure at the factory, which helps to increase the service life of the building

Undeniable advantages of the technology:

Economical. Light weight is an obvious opportunity to save on the foundation, and short terms - on paying workers. It is believed that houses built according to frame technology, are the cheapest, but the efficiency largely depends on the area of construction, the selected components, finishing, etc. Calculations by experienced engineers show that this is beneficial if the length of the building does not exceed 20 m and the number of storeys is 3. Often the design decides everything.
High energy saving ratio. The structures warm up quickly and efficiently. The walls are made of materials with low thermal conductivity, so the structure retains heat well. The wall thickness can be 15-20 cm. Additional benefits include reduced heating costs compared to a conventional building of the same area.
No shrinkage. The walls of the structure are strong, resistant to deformation, highly rigid, and the house itself does not shrink. This also has a positive effect on construction time: finishing work can begin immediately after the completion of the main work. The cladding does not require additional processing, which reduces finishing costs.

Disadvantages or things to consider:

To assemble such a structure you need special knowledge and tools. The qualifications of the builders are of fundamental importance, so not every developer can do it himself, and the team will have to be carefully selected.
Wooden frames require additional treatment with compounds for biological and fire protection.

When choosing a project, special attention should be paid to ventilation. Artificial materials provide excellent thermal insulation, but from the point of view of environmental safety they leave much to be desired. If the home is small, then theoretically you can get by with natural ventilation, but ideally, a normal air exchange system should be calculated and installed for it.

When installing frame structures, “wet” technologies are not used. This feature is a big plus, because... allows you to work at any time of the year

Tightness is one of the main advantages of a frame house, because serves as a guarantee of good thermal insulation. But it also has a downside - a violation of air exchange. To ensure that human waste products, dust and other factors do not worsen the microclimate in the building or reduce the amount of oxygen in the air, it is necessary to design a high-quality ventilation system

What to make it from:

Tree. Despite all kinds of processing, wood is exposed to moisture and microorganisms. On average, such a frame lasts up to 60 years and is inferior to metal analogues in strength, lightness, and resistance to destructive environmental factors.
Metal. A lightweight thermal profile is used for manufacturing. Its advantages are excellent fire resistance, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Metal parts are not susceptible to attacks by fungi and mold. All this can increase the service life of structures to 100 years.

What would be cheaper to build from? When drawing up estimates, there will be a clear advantage for wooden frame. However, if you “look into the future” and take into account the higher performance properties of the thermal profile, then its service life fully pays for the costs.

The foundation can be chosen tile, columnar or strip depending on the type of soil. You can save on an easy-to-install roof - gable or mansard. The choice is up to the developer.

Material on the construction of a veranda at a frame-type dacha may also be useful:

1 sq. m of metal frame weighs 30-50 kg, with casing - about 200 kg. Small specific gravity finished house allows construction on unstable soils. The profile is also used in the reconstruction of buildings with heavily worn load-bearing structures

Option #2 – brick construction

Brick is one of the most popular. Houses made from it can hardly be called cheap. The walls have to be made thick, plus they require additional insulation, which leads to an even greater increase in the cost of structures. The weight of the finished structure is large, so a truly strong foundation is needed. It is done to the entire depth of soil freezing.

It's difficult to save money on it. The disadvantages include long, labor-intensive construction. However, the durability of the structures, their fire safety and practicality largely pay for the costs.

If you look at the prices for constructing a high-quality building on the websites of specialized companies, you get the impression that the cost is low. However, even the price of turnkey construction does not include the finishing touches: installation of flooring, interior doors, plumbing fixtures, etc.

If you do all this yourself, then only the costs of purchasing materials should be added to the cost. If you need to hire workers, then also pay for their labor. Construction is profitable only if the owner of the site initially correctly selected the project and most can perform the work independently.

Video: about bricks for buildings

Option #3 – aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete block is a worthy competitor to traditional brick. Building a box is significantly more profitable than erecting it. The wall thickness can be reduced by 1/3 without loss of thermal insulation properties. The material itself is noticeably lighter, which allows for savings at the expense of the foundation. An additional “bonus” for the home owner is good sound insulation.

A dwelling made of aerated concrete blocks “breathes”; air exchange in it is not impaired, because through pores. However, for the same reason, blocks are considered not the best option in terms of waterproofing. If construction is carried out in violation of technology, the finished structure may also be blown. You need to pay attention to the finishing.

As for the construction time, an aerated concrete structure can be erected 2-3 times faster than a brick one; it practically does not shrink. Special adhesives are used to connect the blocks. In this case, it is undesirable to use ordinary cement mortar, because... it produces thick seams, which can cause the formation of “cold bridges”.

One of the disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks is their relatively low frost resistance, so you will have to take care high-quality finishing. The materials you can use are plaster, siding, stone

Option #4 – economical timber buildings

For the developer, timber is more profitable than anything else. If we compare timber and brick walls in terms of heat-saving properties, it turns out that a structure made of spruce 220 mm thick and a brick 600 mm thick will be equally warm. Usually for construction they take 200 mm timber, use 100 mm thick insulation and apply a layer of plaster from 20 mm.

Advantages of timber:

efficiency;
fast construction (built in a few weeks);
simple technology;
environmental Safety;
excellent thermal insulation;
comfortable microclimate;
ease of construction.

If you are choosing what is cheaper to build a house from, then timber is a win-win option. This is profitable, and the technology is simple, and almost any site owner can master it if he already has construction skills.

When building houses from timber, you need to carefully design heating and energy supply systems. The buildings are considered a fire hazard. Wood is also afraid of moisture, so it requires protection from dampness and fungus.

Compare prices per square meter

How and what is the cheapest way to build can be seen in the estimate figures. If the calculations are based on average indicators (soil freezing depth - 1.5 m, groundwater– 2.5 m, sandy loam soil), then you can determine the cost of construction of 1 square meter. Depending on the components, the numbers will be as follows:

frame structure – 875 rubles;
brick – 2330 rubles;
aerated concrete – 2000 rubles;
timber - 1900 rubles.

Review of popular materials - video

It's obvious that frame house will cost the developer the least. When finally deciding on a choice, you need to take into account all the features of the project, the soil, and the site itself. The calculations do not include payment for the services of the construction team. Hired labor is an additional (and considerable!) expense item.

After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house IR with your own hands. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for a country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this, most likely, will not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
To prevent the house from blocking neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages projects are predominantly selected one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces. Often the structure has attic space, used for storing garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday use, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. Finishing her off natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For the owner of the site, who has basic skills construction work, it won’t be too difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that the kit often already includes everything necessary for the building’s electrical network, its ventilation system, and even for installing the water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on the approximate plan of the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built using a frame method, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is considered to be the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - namely, people’s neglect of basic requirements fire safety in the vast majority of cases it becomes the cause of fire.

The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and the high price of materials.

Very often when building a country house they are used different materials. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to buy a team finished model a house with a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material (roofing felt);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

- bars and boards different sizes, depending on design parameters;

- fastening elements - nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening nodes;

— vapor barrier film ;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation you will need not only large quantity materials, but also for a fairly long period. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, to do this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm.

If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay fine fraction - excellent remedy from rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to cover the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

After the workpieces have received proper preparation and have completely dried, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to use high-quality timber of the required cross-section for the frame. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows optimal sizes timber for a frame house:

The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements are large in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

When the bottom frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then lifted and secured to the frame strapping bars when finished.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is erected independently, without helpers, then finished frame It will be very difficult to lift it from the tent alone to the height of the harness, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common one is mounted corner post. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame from the outside with clapboard, then this is the next step. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Floor installation can be carried out immediately after external cladding walls, but only if the roof is covered with roofing on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general understanding of this, to know which design is better to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is distinguished by the fact that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to lighten the load on wooden walls and foundations, hanging rafters are fastened with a tie.

Myself hanging structure consists of a cross beam, which also performs a covering function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

A layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal permanent partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has large area and its rooms are divided by walls built on foundations.

When installing this system, the load on the carriers side walls becomes weaker, so fewer supporting elements can be used. It is perfect for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are secured to the frame structure of the walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof rafter system can be installed using different sequence securing its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which in this embodiment will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum allowed length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses the following are most often used: roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For the lining, a special profile is fixed around the perimeter of the pediment triangle, into which the prepared panels, cut at the desired angle, will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when aligning the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off and around the windows with outside Platbands are installed on the walls, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness to the overall appearance of the house.

It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure with the level in the wall doorway.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) made of wooden slats. The door frame is secured to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame supporting beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual canvases The materials are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

Next, insulation material is laid or poured onto the vapor barrier film. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, for insulating the floor. similar materials these toothy pests simply do not live.

Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is missing, place the insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

First, it is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as insulation - after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After this, all the walls are again covered with steam. insulating film.

The next step is covering the walls with wooden paneling, plywood or. The latter, during subsequent decorative finishing of the walls, can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of trim on windows and doors, ceilings and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work and will always give helpful advice and will show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

As you know, the comfort of staying on suburban area largely depends on how cozy and comfortable the house will be. The question often arises as to which house is best to build in a country house so that the cost of the project is affordable and the result is as good as possible. We will look at several basic options, but we will dwell in detail on the option of a frame house, since it is easiest to build it yourself.

Main types of country houses

To decide which option is most preferable for you, you should consider the features of each of them:

Modular option	This includes country houses made from block containers, which are the easiest to build. You only need to build a strip or column foundation and place the finished module on it using a crane. The disadvantages include the monotony of buildings and their small size, in addition, the price ready-made version much higher than what you assemble yourself.
Frame house	One of the most popular solutions due to a number of advantages, the main ones being: very affordable cost of the project, ease of work, assembly instructions may seem complicated, but if you understand it, all questions will disappear by themselves. In addition, using this option, you can build a structure of any size and configuration.
Timber structure	Another widespread option, which is distinguished by its attractive appearance and environmental friendliness, thanks to which it fits into the countryside environment perfectly. Assembling a building requires certain qualifications, so it is better to involve specialists, especially since the cost of the structure is quite high, and any mistakes are fraught with considerable costs.
Brick and block structures	These materials are most often used in the construction of permanent buildings. The advantages include strength and durability, the disadvantages are the need to build a massive foundation, the labor intensity of construction (at a minimum, you need the skills of a mason) and the fairly high cost of the project. In addition, many people associate country houses with wood, so such options are not even considered initially.

Features of building a house using frame technology

Let's look at how to build an inexpensive country house with your own hands.

It is very important to prepare well for the work; the following activities can be included in this stage:

To begin with, a specific project is selected in order to clearly understand the scope of work and the required amount of materials.
Next, all required materials are purchased, in this case, you should purchase everything with a small margin, since the actual consumption most often exceeds the planned one.
Another important issue is the acquisition of everything the necessary tool : from shovels and hammers to concrete mixers and chainsaws. If there is no electricity on the site, then renting a diesel generator for the dacha will help solve the problem.

Foundation

Without a doubt, a very important part of the work, since the strength and durability of the entire structure directly depends on the foundation; any subsidence leads to cracks and even destruction of walls and ceilings.

You can build one of the following options:

Columnar foundation.
Tape base.
Slab foundation.

Each of these options has its own pros and cons; we will consider the tape type of base:

First of all, a trench is dug, the depth and width of which depends on the type of soil and the weight of the future structure. Usually the width is 30-40 centimeters.
It is better to pour a gravel cushion at the bottom, which will also serve as a drainage function; the walls of the pit should be smooth and not crumble.
Formwork is placed on top, but if the outer part of the base is laid out from damper blocks, then the formwork can be minimal, the main thing is that the level of the foundation is level, this will facilitate masonry work later.
After the foundation has hardened (at least a week must pass), further work can begin. The upper end of the foundation is covered with glass insulation or two layers of roofing material; this will prevent moisture from penetrating into the building through capillaries in the concrete.

Advice!
Do not forget about the ventilation holes in the building; the entire space must be ventilated, otherwise mold will begin to form on the structures over time.

Basement ceiling

Consideration of the question of how to build a country house continues with such a stage as installation basement floor, this stage of work is carried out as follows:

To install the floor, a beam with a cross-section of at least 100x150 mm is used, more is possible, it all depends on the design features.
The elements are connected to each other or threaded rods, or with special screws with a diameter of 10-12 mm and a length of 25-30 cm.

Advice!
Along the lower edge of the trim, you can attach the subfloor using any in a convenient way and lay polystyrene foam or mineral wool on it, so you can.

Walls

We are considering how to build a country house yourself, but in fact, you can’t do without several helpers, especially at the stage of installing the frame of future walls, because you need to hold each element and carefully adjust its position before fastening.

The work is carried out as follows:

Fastening elements is best done using modern fasteners: corners of perforated tapes, brackets and mounting plates. In addition to convenience and high speed of work, these elements guarantee the reliability of all connections; the main thing is to choose the right fasteners.
The racks are set to the width of the insulation, this will simplify further work. Particular attention should be paid to the perfectly accurate position of the corner elements.
The elements are attached to the frame from below, another beam is laid on top and the system is fastened together; cross members are also used to increase strength.
Next, care should be taken to strengthen the structure, most often this is achieved by using struts and braces. With their help, rigidity increases significantly.

Rafter system

Another important stage at which the future roof is being erected; within this stage the following work is carried out:

First of all, a detailed design of the system is drawn up so that you have an idea of what work will have to be done.

Based on the diagram, materials and fasteners are purchased; boards can be used for small roofs, and timber for more massive ones.
Assembly is carried out carefully, each element is carefully attached, and at the end the entire system is connected to each other.

Sheathing and roofing

The outside walls are sheathed as follows:

A 25mm thick board can be used and for best strength it is best fastened at a 45 degree angle.
You can also use a simpler option - moisture-resistant slabs, so the work will be done much faster.
To lay the roof, you will need a sheathing device, and its type depends on what kind of covering will be used. For slate and ondulin you will need lathing, and for soft roofing, metal tiles and other similar options - continuous flooring made of moisture-resistant materials.

Fastening is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions; usually this process is simple.

Internal lining

Lastly, the insulation is laid, which is covered with a vapor-waterproofing material.

The covering may be different:

You can use wooden lining or decorative panels of various types.
Another option is to mount moisture-resistant drywall or other durable materials, which can later be puttied and painted or finished in any other way.

We hope you have decided what kind of house to build in your country house and what technologies to use. This is only a brief work plan, since a description of any of the stages will take an entire article (all work is separately described in other articles on the portal).

Conclusion

A country house should not only be attractive from the outside, but also practical from the inside. So don’t be lazy and find a really high-quality and well-thought-out project. The video in this article will clearly show the features of performing some work.

The first and main issue to be resolved before the construction of a country house begins is the choice of material.

Not only the comfort of living, but also the level of energy saving depends on the correctness of its decision. Let’s take a closer look at what materials are offered on the market today and how each of them fits into the universal formula “price-environmental friendliness-energy saving”.

Brick house (brick, ceramic blocks)

Such a building has two advantages: strength and environmental friendliness. Indeed, in terms of its load-bearing capacity, a brick wall is not much inferior to a concrete one. At the same time, it does not contain crushed granite, which produces background radiation in buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and floor panels. However, in terms of energy saving, walls built entirely from solid clay or silicate bricks are seriously inferior to other materials.

In order to meet modern strict energy efficiency limits, the thickness of the brick wall must be at least 120 cm. It is clear that there is no point in building such a powerful “bunker”. Therefore, nowadays brick is losing its primacy and is most often used as decorative exterior cladding.

Attempts to improve the energy-saving qualities of brick have been going on for a long time. To do this, they make voids in it various shapes(point or slot). This modification provides a slight increase in the energy efficiency of the wall structure, but does not fundamentally solve the issue. If we add to this the labor intensity of building walls from small-sized standard clay bricks, it becomes clear that a replacement needs to be found.

A good solution to the question of what is the best material to build a house from is to purchase products produced under various brands (Porotherm, Kerakam, Poroton, etc.)

This large-sized material (250x250x140 mm, 380x250x219mm, 510x250x219mm) replaces from 4 to 14 standard bricks (250x120x65mm). Thanks to this, the laying process becomes faster and simpler.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of such walls is 0.21 W/m °C, which is almost 3 times less than ordinary brick. In terms of strength, ceramic block is also not inferior to it (100 kg/cm2) and at the same time has good frost resistance (up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles) and vapor permeability.

The only drawback of porous ceramic blocks in the recent past was their high cost (more than 4,000 rubles per 1 m3). In 2016 average price for this material has decreased and ranges from 3,500 rubles per cubic meter.

House made of building blocks

Large size building blocks seriously pushed aside the standard clay brick. And the point here is not only that their installation requires less time and effort. Affordable price is an important factor determining the choice of a developer. Since the list of building blocks produced today is quite extensive, we will talk separately about each type.

Foam and gas blocks

These materials today enjoy well-deserved popularity in low-rise construction. The fundamental difference between foam and gas blocks lies in the manufacturing technology and internal structure.

Aerated concrete is produced by introducing a powder gas-forming agent into a mixture of cement, sand, lime and water, which creates a network of small through channels inside the material. A foaming agent is added to the raw material for foam concrete, which creates closed pores filled with air inside the block. This also significantly reduces the weight of the unit and improves its energy-saving characteristics.

Open channels serve as good conductors of moisture, so gas blocks need protection from getting wet. Foam block is more profitable in this regard because it absorbs less water. The thermal conductivity and frost resistance of these materials are almost the same.

Density ranges from 300 to 1200 kg/m3, which allows the developer to accurately select the block to suit his needs. Manufacturers produce heat-insulating (density from 300 to 500 kg/m3), structural-thermal-insulating (500-900 kg/m3) and structural (1000-1200 kg/m3) blocks in several thicknesses - 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.

This allows you to make the wall warm without additional costs for laying insulation and protecting it. To do this, you need to lay a thinner heat-insulating block (15 cm) in the outer row of masonry, and make the inner layer from denser structural and heat-insulating blocks 30 cm thick.

Thanks to its ideal geometry, a do-it-yourself block house without the involvement of professional masons can be built quickly and requires minimal finishing in the form of putty or decorative plaster.

The cost of these materials starts from 3000 rubles. for 1 m3. In their reviews, owners of houses made of light cellular blocks highlight the low cost of construction and minimal heating costs.

Expanded clay blocks

Without giving up use solid brick, builders invented it in the last century. This composite material consists of expanded clay gravel (pellets of fired and porous clay) and cement mortar that holds them together.

The material turned out to be quite warm (density from 500 kg/m3) and very durable (you can build houses up to 3 floors high).

For the price, the expanded clay concrete block looks attractive (from 2900 rubles/m3). The environmental friendliness of this building material also deserves attention. Lack of synthetic and polymer additives, good vapor transmission allow it to be fully used in residential construction.

Shell rock blocks

In the era of cheap freight transportation, shell rock was a serious competitor to expanded clay block. This “free” material, which only needed to be cut out of the marine sedimentary massif and loaded into wagons, has today become “biting”.

Judge for yourself, the price per cube with delivery to the central regions of Russia reaches 5,000 rubles. Coupled with the fragility and poor geometry of the stone, the developer can only rely on its excellent environmental friendliness.

Arbolite blocks

The main components of this material are wood chips and sawdust (4:1 ratio). They not only make the block warm and light, but also reinforce it, increasing strength and crack resistance.

The binding agent, as in the case of expanded clay blocks, is cement mortar. Density ranges from 500 to 850 kg/m3. It is possible to build low-rise buildings from it without using a reinforced belt. This material is quite elastic, so it can withstand the load from floor slabs without cracking. The breathability of arbolite blocks is high and quite comparable to wood.

The good heat and sound insulating qualities of wood concrete are eloquently demonstrated by its low density. Impregnation with cement makes wood chips durable and resistant to rotting. Finishing walls made of wood concrete does not require the use of reinforced mesh, since the rough surface of the material holds the plaster well. The price of wood concrete blocks starts on average at 4,000 rubles per 1 m3.

Thermal Wall Blocks

The developer’s dream of a masonry material that simultaneously contains a load-bearing part, insulation and external finishing was realized in Teplosten blocks.

By its design, it is a three-layer “sandwich”. Its outer and inner layers are made of expanded clay concrete, and inside there is foam plastic. Dissimilar materials in the contact zone are protected from delamination by fiberglass rods installed inside the block.

On the outer edge of the three-layer block we see a textured pattern. Having built a new house from this material, the owner can only paint the walls in the desired color, without resorting to expensive decorative plaster.

Appearance of the Teplosten block

The main disadvantage of Teplosten blocks is obvious. This is foam plastic enclosed between layers of expanded clay concrete. It does not allow water vapor to pass through, so without forced ventilation the house will be damp. Manufacturers solve this problem by producing special blocks that contain vent with grate.

If the owner of the future house made of Teplosten blocks does not take care of the ventilation problem in time, then the foam plastic may present him with another unpleasant surprise. Let's consider the physics of the process of diffusion of water vapor through a wall. Having encountered an insurmountable obstacle in the form of foam plastic on its way, water vapor will condense in the inner layer of expanded clay. This will lead to wet walls with all the ensuing uncomfortable consequences for living.

The cost of Teplosten blocks starts from 7,000 rubles/m3. Despite the rather hefty price, let’s not forget that such a wall does not require insulation or rough finishing.

Cinder blocks

They were produced in the 80s of the last century as an inexpensive alternative to scarce brick. Today, cinder blocks are rarely used in residential construction. The large weight and high thermal conductivity of cinder block walls require insulation with slabs of mineral or ecowool (10-15 cm) and high-quality finishing.

The cost of cinder blocks offered today to private developers is low and ranges from 2,300 to 3,000 rubles per 1 m3.

Houses made of logs, timber, wooden frame

At the same time, you should know that it is enough warm house for permanent residence, it can only be built from logs with a diameter of at least 40 centimeters. Today standard thickness The walls of the log house range from 24 to 32 cm, which does not meet the requirements of thermal engineering standards. Therefore, in order not to spend significant amounts on heating, a wooden log house must be additionally insulated.

The cost of 1 m3 of rounded logs prepared for laying in 2016 ranges from 7,000 to 10,000 rubles. The cost of dry profiled timber is even higher and starts from 10,000 rubles per cubic meter.

For glued profiled timber, which gives minimal shrinkage and is practically not subject to warping, sellers ask from 22 to 26 thousand rubles. Forecasts of market specialists indicate that in 2017 a price jump for this material is not expected.

Finishing short review materials for the construction of wooden houses, a few words should be said about frame technology.

It’s difficult to call it high-speed, since the degree of factory readiness here is practically “zero”. At the site, builders assemble a frame from individual beams and boards, spending no less time on this than masons laying blocks. But in terms of reliability and durability, a house built using frame technology is not much inferior to permanent buildings made of wood.

There are also no problems with energy saving in such housing. The customer can choose any thickness of insulation without spending money on external insulation and finishing work, as in the case of block or log construction.

Since no one evaluates the frame in cubes, we will have to compare the cost of 1 m2 of frame wall with the cost of log and lumber.

The main elements of the frame - racks, boards, mineral wool, vapor barrier, wooden blockhouse or DSP board (outside), plasterboard or lining (inside) are calculated quickly and simply, amounting to a total of 1,200 rubles / m2.

At the same time, the cheapest wall made of rounded logs 32 cm thick will cost you 2,500 rubles per 1 m2. Do not forget that you will still have to insulate it, spending from 250 to 300 rubles. Thus, in terms of the price of materials, the “frame” significantly outperforms the log house.

With the same thermal insulation ability, a wooden wall of a frame house is cheaper than a block one (frame with 150 mm mineral wool versus 40 cm thick aerated concrete blocks + 5 cm mineral wool).

House made of SIP panels

This material cannot be called optimal in terms of environmental friendliness, although manufacturers of such buildings are trying to prove the opposite.

The main advantage is the high speed of construction. It is difficult to classify these designs as cheap.

The cost of 1 m2 of sandwich board, depending on the thickness of the insulation (10, 15, 20 cm) ranges from 900 to 1500 rubles. For comparison, the cost of 1 m2 of a wall made of aerated blocks 40 cm thick is about 1,200 rubles.

LSTK (light steel structures)

Undivided Dominance plasterboard technologies prompted engineers to create a more durable analogue for assembling the frame of low-rise buildings. Thus a new technology appeared. It was based on light steel structures (LSS).

The assembly of buildings from steel profiles is similar to the installation of wooden “frames”. At the same time, houses made from light steel composite materials surpass them in terms of durability, biostability and fire safety. The speed of construction of such housing is lower than when using SIP panels, but higher than that of block and log construction.

The high cost of metal is the main disadvantage of LSTK technology. The average cost of materials for the construction of 1 m2 of metal profile wall is about 2,400 rubles.

Concrete panels

Large expanded clay concrete panels are rarely used these days. The main reason for low demand is the minimal choice of sizes and planning solutions.

Expanded clay concrete wall panel

However, they can be used to build a new house faster compared to using brick, timber or cellular blocks (the price of 1 m2 of a 34 cm thick panel does not exceed 1,300 rubles). To this price you need to add the cost of insulation (150-200 rubles per 1m2). Without it, the wall will not meet modern thermal standards.

To summarize our review, we will give brief practical recommendations.

1. The most popular budget options for low-rise construction include gas and foam blocks, expanded clay concrete blocks and wooden frames.

Ceramic blocks included in the category expensive materials, today prices have fallen in most regions of Russia. Therefore, we will also classify them as budget solutions for private construction. Excellent thermal insulation qualities, impeccable environmental friendliness, a large selection of standard sizes - all these positive qualities of ceramic blocks deserve your attention.

2. Arbolite blocks occupy a higher price level. The house they make is warm and durable. It creates a comfortable microclimate and comfortable acoustics. The disadvantages of wood concrete include the dependence of quality on the production capabilities of a particular manufacturer. Not all companies producing this material use high-quality wood chips, adding a large amount of sawdust and substandard woodworking waste to the feedstock.

3. Teplosten and LSTK blocks are attractive at first glance. Houses from them are built quickly and inexpensively. At the same time, many developers have reasonable doubts about their reliability and environmental friendliness, which is not in the best possible way affects the popularity of these materials.

4. Installation of a house from SIP panels can rightfully be called the fastest and most budget option. It is difficult to classify these designs into the category of popular solutions, since there are serious doubts about their environmental friendliness and reliability.

5. Logs and profiled beams, as a first approximation, look quite inexpensive. However, here you need to take into account the additional costs of insulation and regular antiseptic treatment of the walls. In addition, the quality of log houses greatly depends on the quality of the material used and the qualifications of the installers. The main advantages of rounded logs and profiled timber are environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

6. Glued laminated timber is an elite building material. Beautiful and eco-friendly houses are built from it, which cannot be classified as budget ones. The lack of shrinkage and high speed of assembly please developers who choose this option.

Concluding our review, we note that when searching optimal option To build a new house you need:

Find out the availability and price of the material you like in your region.
Study reviews of owners of houses built from it.
Get as much information as possible about suppliers, manufacturers and contractors offering construction services from the material you are going to buy.
Visit construction exhibitions in your region, production workshops and facilities under construction. Here you will receive valuable and objective information “first-hand”.

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