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Insulation between rafters. Methods of roof insulation along rafters. Prices for various types of insulating films

When building or renovating a private house, roof installation is one of the most important stages. If it is not designed correctly, precipitation will accumulate on it, which will create an extra load and contribute to the deterioration of the roofing material. If you lay the roof incorrectly, then moisture will get into the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if you do not insulate the roof from the inside, then cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to be fully warmed up by any means, that is, living in such conditions all the time year will be impossible.

Physical factors: impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements to make living in it cozy and comfortable. It is important to lay the foundation correctly so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and build a roof. The choice of covering is very important because it affects the weight that is applied to the house, the time it takes to complete the covering work and the cost. In addition to all this, it is necessary to take care of insulating the inside of the roof so that the structure of the house remains as reliable as possible and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions, buildings are affected by various factors.

Our latitudes will be characterized by:

• precipitation in the form of rain;
• snow, cereals and similar phenomena;
• hail;
• roof icing;
• active sun;
• strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

A private house is a structure that consists of a main floor and an attic. If the roof is not insulated, then up to 15% of the heat from the room escapes through the ceiling in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space can, if desired, be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. In conditions big family this is an ideal option.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Usually the selection is based on the physical processes occurring inside, under the roof.

There are several of the most important ones.

• Heat exchange, which arises as a result different temperatures in the house and outside it. If the roof is not insulated, then some of the heat escapes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains optimal temperature in the room.
• Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breath, fumes from body temperature to cooking processes, when vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying particles of moisture that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal, and unnecessary odors can be removed using ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature changes inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that outside, and does not allow the heat of the building to escape outside, which eliminates the need additional heating which requires reserve funds.

Insulating layer helps avoid condensation, which is formed when hot and cold air come into contact, so laying it together with insulation will help preserve it appearance and performance. Properly performed work increases the service life of the building by almost two times and minimizes the need for repair work every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private home often has a pitched roof that creates an attic space on top of the main living floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat during the cold season. If the attic is designed as a residential floor - the same attic, then the insulation process must be mandatory.

Any roofing material cannot protect as much as polystyrene foam, mineral wool or another type of coating. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that can cope with various kinds fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulating coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, very soon problems will begin with the roof rafter system, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with incorrect installation technology or inaccurate choice of insulation. If you choose the wrong thickness of the insulation, then instead of protection it will have the opposite effect. IN normal conditions when there is a difference in temperature, protection is provided against condensation and heat loss, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is compromised and thin insulation is selected, then an excessively large amount of condensation will form on it, which will contribute to rapid rotting of the rafters and disruption of the microclimate of the room.

Failure to comply with standards is dangerous for both health and safety, as the roof structure may collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently install what is needed. If difficulties arise with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to contact professionals and receive comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

Roof “pie”: what is it like?

A properly constructed roof involves a large number of layers of different materials that are layered on top of each other, resembling a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction “pie” is the rafters, on which all other layers are already being laid.

To correctly lay out all the layers, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

• Roof.
• The lathing on which the finishing materials will be installed. It can be laid completely or with gaps.
• A counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
• Film for waterproofing.
• Materials for thermal insulation.
• A layer of vapor barrier material.
• Creating a sheathing where insulating materials and internal lining are mounted.
• Material for internal lining.

If you lay the “pie” correctly, you can avoid heat loss from the living space during the cold season, and it will also help prevent the space from overheating in extreme heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from outside, and the vapor barrier layer will protect against various types of fumes.

Pitched roof is a fairly common type, so it will not be difficult for her to select all the necessary materials. On a positive note high attics is the convenience of insulating them and the opportunity to equip a full-fledged living space.

Without additional work, it will be extremely unpleasant to be in it - it is very cold in winter, and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

For quality work it is necessary to choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will be possible to create comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds available to purchase materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

• Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. It is advisable to obtain a quality certificate from the store in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties that are lighter in weight, they are suitable for working in conditions self-insulation premises. Positive qualities cotton wool can be considered a non-flammable composition and repels moisture, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means you don’t have to worry about someone getting into the house, especially on the roof.

Among the disadvantages, one can note the rather high cost, but it is fully compensated by the positive aspects.

• Use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main one for roof insulation, but due to some dangerous properties, safer analogues were soon found. The thermal insulation of glass wool is quite good, and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely, use a protective suit, gloves, and goggles. It is important to close your nasopharynx and eyes to prevent pieces of glass dust from getting into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

• Polymer roof insulation– these are special tiles made of polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This inexpensive option, therefore anyone can afford it, but if you understand the disadvantages, then you should think carefully about purchasing such insulation. These materials are very flammable, and when burned they produce a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous to humans.

Usually this type is used when other options cannot be used.

• Insulation with expanded clay. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use for roofs due to heavy installation. Usually only experienced workers can handle it to make internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

If we consider alternative options, among them are polyurethane foam, which can be used in two states - in the form of slabs and foam. It is advisable not to take slabs for arranging the ceiling, because working with them is inconvenient and they are very expensive. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, you can fill voids of any shape and size; cracks and opening lines are very well clogged. If other materials need to be cut and achieved maximum fit, then in this case the foam will fall on its own, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for roofing made of slate or broken structures when there are many differences on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage is the independence from hydro- and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent flammability resistance, which ensures home safety.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly you should pay attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of one type or another.

The main criteria are:

• Mass of material. Heavy insulation will serve as additional weight on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built of high-quality brick or foam blocks, then enhanced insulation can be allowed, but in this case the rafters need to be made more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
• Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately 0.04 W/m*s, then this will be the best option.
• An indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
• The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties.

• Ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with such impregnation.
• Flammability indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging the roof.
• Ability to resist low temperature levels.
• Resistant to chemical elements.
• Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool are sold in the form of rolls or slabs. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern insulation materials, the most progressive technology will be roof cladding with foam flex.

This is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it a wall or ceiling. You can cut the desired piece with a regular knife.

In addition, the storage conditions for penoflex are also distinctive; they can be kept outside at any temperature, but it is better to have packaging on it.

It is convenient to use polystyrene foam, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with unfavorable conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors or fumes and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Preparation

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand what type of roof you will be working with. By correctly determining the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is also worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do. If the insulation process has become completely clear, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, be it rural house

or a large villa by the sea. In order to carry out insulation work, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

• There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:
• inspection of the rafter system so that damaged boards can be identified in time and replaced;
• treating wooden structures with an antiseptic;

checking communications if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all materials that will be used for insulation, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The work process has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

In order for the work to proceed quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is done and why during the work on internal roof insulation.

The algorithm for carrying out the work comes down to four points.

• Installation of the waterproofing layer. This task should be performed at the time of covering with roofing material. The waterproofing is mounted along the rafters so that there is slight sagging. A slate house involves laying this material directly on top of the insulation. It is important to lay the waterproofing correctly - its smooth side should be on top. The strips of material must be sealed with tape to prevent cracks from forming over time. Only after this are counter-battens placed on the rafters, to which the sheathing will be installed. The roofing material must be laid on the finished boards.
• Installation of thermal insulation. It is important to choose a thermal insulation mat with required thickness, and lay it between the rafters. The material is placed in a spacer or on a rough backing, which is made from small-width slats, fishing line and rope, which are attached to the rafters with nails. Thermal insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate a room as efficiently as possible, the mats are laid, moving to the side with each row.

• Placement of a vapor barrier layer. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher one, which is directed towards the building itself and collects vapor emissions from the room. Laying such a film is an important point for its full operation. The installation process takes place using a stapler. In this case, you can do without a counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all joints with tape.
• The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for mounting decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for the proper operation of insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, be it a dacha, where the house has a flat ceiling, or a large country house, where a gable roof. The correct choice of materials and installation in the right sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

When choosing insulation for an attic floor, you need to take into account its thermal protection, strength and resistance to adverse environmental conditions. It is also important to take into account the type of flooring and the material from which it is made. Concrete and wood have their own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material, if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if you want to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness to 30 cm. The wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under a ceiling made of boards or timber so that they do not absorb moisture and rot. If it was not possible to lay a solid piece of vapor barrier, it needs to be glued with tape.

After this, work begins with the insulation, which is placed in a wooden frame so as to fill all the free spaces. Once the mineral wool has been placed, waterproofing is laid on top, which prevents the wool from absorbing excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is pouring concrete when the 2nd floor of the building is planned. Instead of concrete, you can make flooring from OSB boards. This is how you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

Stingrays

You can insulate the slopes in various ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the person who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for how to insulate a pitched roof:

• with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped on all sides with insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

Insulation of a pitched roof is best done using mineral wool mats or a fiberglass base. Roof installation can be done both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their order of laying will differ. During interior work, the roof is insulated using a layer of waterproofing, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that a vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that needs to be properly insulated, especially if the whole procedure will be done by hand. Knowing the technology and the correct arrangement of layers, you can get a high-quality roofing covering that will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate a flat roof, the installation of the appropriate materials is often carried out after the roof has been installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after its completion the ceiling height is significantly reduced, which is a noticeable drawback despite all the other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to think about how exactly the attic space will be illuminated.

We insulate a flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they need to be divided into squares, into which the thermal insulation material will be placed. You can hold it in the cells with a cord or by gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are closed with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a thermal insulation layer, and the last one should be a vapor barrier, which in total will give the necessary result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, the insulation will very soon become unusable and cease to perform its functions.

When the insulation work is completed, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only then proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative decoration of the room.

If the attic appears to be a large and cold room, you can use various types of insulation, after which you can live in this room. Thermal insulation material can be laid both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the arrangement of the layers during the installation of insulation.

The problem of high heat loss, and as a consequence, financial costs, will be solved by laying insulation between the rafters.

As you know, warm air is much lighter and rises, so economical and thrifty homeowners are concerned about insulating the roof of their home.

Materials used for roof insulation

Modern market building materials offers a lot of base options for creating decent roof insulation. The most common are considered to be glass wool and mineral (basalt) wool.

Glass wool is represented by the finest glass threads, and therefore requires care when working to avoid getting into fine particles on the skin, eyes and respiratory system.

Glass wool is quite elastic, durable, and fire resistant. The material is publicly available and has a low cost, which makes its use very practical and popular.

Mineral wool occupies a leading position among other materials. It is presented in the form of gabbro-basalt fibers, bonded with various combined substances.

Mineral wool is a good insulation between rafters. It is more flexible than glass wool and safer, but still requires the necessary precautions.

Mineral wool has the following characteristics:

• fire resistant and not subject to combustion;
• the elasticity of mineral wool allows you to easily place the slabs in the required space;
• the constant shape of the slabs makes it possible to avoid gaps between the insulation and the rafters;
• retains heat well and has high thermal insulation properties;
• ease of installation.

An important difference between the presented material is its affordable price.

Despite many positive characteristics, basalt wool has high rate hygroscopicity.

Over time, the material absorbs a large amount of moisture and becomes wet, losing its thermal insulation properties.

Preparing the roof for laying insulation

If you follow the technology, then the insulated roof consists of several layers, replacing each other.

When insulating the roof, it is necessary to observe consistency, because each component element performs its assigned function and must be located in a designated place.

In addition, during the process of roof insulation, it is important to ensure proper ventilation, vapor barrier and waterproofing.

Roof insulation by laying material between the rafters is the most popular, despite the difficulties in installing the heat-insulating layer.

In this case, a layer of insulation is laid along the height of the rafters and fastened between them.

In this regard, it is better if the size of the prepared insulation sheets is 20 - 30 mm larger than the distance between the rafters.

If this is not possible, then there will be a need to create additional fastenings that will keep the insulation from falling and sagging.

This can be a fishing line, stretched and fixed with nails driven into the lower edge rafter legs.

You should think about the waterproofing layer in advance. If the roofing material has not yet been laid, then a waterproofing superdiffuse film is spread on the rafters, designed in such a way that it does not allow moisture to pass through from the outside, but the opposite side– couples.

They begin to attach the film from the eaves overhang, moving upward. The canvases are laid with an overlap of 10 - 15 centimeters, while securing the joints with adhesive tape.

The membrane is attached to the surface of the rafters using construction staples or nails with a wide head to avoid damage.

It is very important not to stretch the waterproofing membrane: when the temperature drops, the material contracts, which can lead to its damage, and consequently to damage to the entire structure. The membrane should be laid with a slack.

As a rule, roof insulation is carried out before installing the roofing material.

However, there are situations when it becomes necessary to insulate the roof from the inside: lack of thermal insulation, insufficient amount of insulation installed previously, or when insulating an old house.

In this case, laying insulation is possible, but it will not be as reliable and durable.

The waterproofing film is laid indoors without dismantling the roofing material.

For this purpose, it is necessary to wrap the rafters with film and lay it in the space between them, and then follow the standard pattern.

However, this design does not protect the rafters from the elements, which can lead to premature wear.

To do this, it is stuffed on top of the waterproofing layer. wooden sheathing from slats secured with self-tapping screws.

It is good if holes for fastening are prepared in the slats in advance, which will avoid damage to the waterproofing film.

Technology for laying insulation between rafters

The next step is the actual installation of the insulation. Accordingly, the work is carried out indoors. The mineral wool must be released from its packaging in advance so that the slabs take their shape.

After this, the material is cut into required sizes, adding 2-3 cm to lay the material “by surprise”.

You can cut the insulation construction knife, without forgetting about safety measures.

When working, you should use a respirator, goggles, gloves, and thick clothing to avoid small particles getting into your eyes, respiratory tract, or skin.

When the insulation is prepared, begin its installation. The cut slabs are placed in the spaces between the rafters, and the edges of the cut slabs are slightly bent.

You should press on the central part of the sheet being laid, due to which it will “spring” - this will lead to straightening of the edges.

A vapor barrier film is attached over the fixed mineral wool elements, protecting the heat insulator from vapors coming from the living space.

The membrane is laid perpendicular to the rafters, with an overlap of 10–15 cm, taped with adhesive tape and secured with construction staples to the rafters.

To create the necessary layer for ventilation, which promotes the evaporation of moisture, a wooden grid is placed on top of the vapor barrier layer. The most commonly used slats are 2.5 cm thick.

The final stage of insulation is the installation of finishing material. It can be attached directly to the surface of the rafters using special screws or to a sheathing of wooden slats.

Thus, the insulation of the roof is completed: the materials are located in designated areas and perform their assigned function.

It is important to comply with the necessary conditions, procedures and technology for using materials, then insulating the roof will not cause you much trouble.

In addition, the structure is subject to repair. If necessary, you can dismantle the finishing material, sheathing and vapor barrier layer, make repairs, and then install everything back.

When building a private house, you should pay attention not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of the structures, depend on the correctness of roof insulation measures. Installation work thermal insulation material you can do it yourself.

The need for insulation

Everyone knows from school physics that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs through the roof or attic floors. Lack of necessary protection from cold and loss warm air may lead to the following problems:

• lowering the room temperature;
• increased heating costs in winter period;
• condensation on inner surface roofs;
• the appearance of mold or mildew on roof elements;
• destruction or damage to load-bearing structures, and bringing the house into disrepair.

The insulation of roof structures, as well as the insulation of walls and ceilings during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, is necessarily checked by state or private expertise at the design stage.

Thermal insulation of a private cottage depends entirely on the future owner; no one checks its availability and wise choice, but this does not make it lose its importance.

Insulation methods Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the roof structure. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction, but it can be used in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:

In inversion, the order of layers has been changed. This technology is used when arranging a serviceable roof. The following can be used as insulation material in both cases:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool (in slabs);
• expanded clay

The latter is quite cheap, but has lower thermal protection characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is applied from the outside. This allows you to simplify installation process and make protection from the cold that is competent from the point of view of thermal engineering.

Layout of insulation between rafters

It is necessary to remember the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.

When building a private house, the option with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip an attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:

• laying material between the rafters (the most common);
• laying insulation on top of the rafters;
• fastening from the bottom of the rafters.

Material selection

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:

Rarely used materials include:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust.

Scheme of roof insulation with mineral wool

Bulk materials are used to protect against the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but are quite difficult to install, so they are not widely used.

It is better to use more modern technologies.

• In general, materials for thermal protection measures must meet the requirements:
• safety, absence of harmful effects on humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• low weight to prevent excessive loads on the rafter system;
• resistance to creasing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
• sound insulation characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
• fire resistance (especially important for wooden construction); if possible good vapor permeability
• , which will provide additional ventilation of the room;

One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be indicated by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will be needed. If you are not short on money, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The values ​​of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W/(m2*ᵒC).

Thickness calculation

It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive indicates waste of money.

You can select the value “by eye” based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm will be required.

It is best to perform a full thermal calculation that takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the ideal balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, performing such a calculation will not be difficult. A person who is far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and quite simple and understandable.

Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.

Their implementation will not take much time, but will allow you to avoid cost overruns during construction and additional costs for repairs during operation.

The process of insulating a flat roof

• Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following layer order is usually followed:
• load-bearing structure (most often reinforced concrete covering);
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• cement-sand screed (reinforced for weak materials);

waterproofing carpet, which serves as a finishing coating.

• If absolutely necessary, you can carry out work from inside the room, but this method has several disadvantages:
• reducing the height of the room;
• transfer of dew point inside the structure;

inconvenience of work.

Thermal protection of pitched roofs Before properly insulating the roof of a house, you need to understand the procedure for carrying out the work. In the vast majority of cases, pitched roofs are insulated between the rafters. Insulating a roof from the inside with your own hands is a completely feasible task.

• It is important to follow the correct order of laying materials from bottom to top:
• interior decoration;
• bottom sheathing;
• rafters with insulation between them;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection;
• sheathing;
• roofing material.

When the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafters, counter-battens are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.

Proper insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to select the correct insulation thickness, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. Fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to last a long time and help maintain normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.

We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes

Insulating the roof will create warmth in the house. We will describe in detail how and what is the best way to insulate the roof of a private house in this article.

Proper insulation of the roof of a house: technology and video

Insulating the roof of a house is an important stage in the construction or major repair of a roof. The choice of technology for installing a heat-insulating layer depends on the configuration of the roof, the type of insulation and the requirements for the room located directly under the roof.

The need for roof insulation

How to insulate a roof to significantly reduce heat loss at home? First of all, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and strictly adhere to the installation technology. A high-quality insulated roof increases the thermal efficiency of the house by 15%, allowing you to turn the attic into a room suitable for year-round use.

The highest demands are placed on insulating the roof of a residential attic of houses located in areas with cold winters. The roofing pie of summer attics or exploited attics may include a thinner layer of thermal insulation. The roof, under which an unused attic is located, is usually not insulated - thermal insulation is mounted on the attic floor or the ceiling of the living premises. Not insulated non-residential attic It is well ventilated, which prevents rotting of the wooden elements of the roof frame.

When installing pitched and flat roofs, different methods of roof insulation are used.

Thermal insulation of flat roofs

How to make an insulated roof during installation flat roof? It should be noted that a flat roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside.

The composition of the flat roof pie includes:

• bottom sheathing;
• heat insulator;
• waterproofing layer made of rolled material;
• bulk layer (drainage + cement-sand mixture).

External insulation is most conveniently performed using mineral basalt wool. You can also use polystyrene foam and other rigid insulation materials. It should be taken into account that polymer insulation cannot be used when installing roofing coverings with high fire safety requirements.

Insulation of a pitched roof

The roofing pie of a pitched roof is made with insulation along the rafters. It is important to understand how to properly insulate the roof of a house in order to avoid mistakes that will ultimately lead to damage to wooden structures.

The most popular insulation in private housing construction is mineral wool. It is easy to install non-flammable material, which can be purchased at a low price. But the structure of the wool itself promotes the accumulation of moisture, which causes a significant decrease in the thermal insulation properties of the material, and also, over time, provokes rotting of the elements of the rafter system. Thus, when creating insulation, it is important to provide proper ventilation and vapor and waterproofing roofing pie.

Installation of a pitched roof heat insulator is carried out from the attic side during the construction or repair of the roof. If repair work is being carried out, before laying the insulation, it is necessary to check the condition of the rafters - rotting elements must be replaced with new ones. It's also worth processing everything wooden structures fire-retardant composition.

The pitched roof pie includes:

• finishing roofing covering;
• hydrobarrier (layer of waterproofing material);
• heat insulator;
• vapor barrier;
• interior decoration (optional).

Proper insulation roof requires high-quality air exchange, for which it is necessary to create air gaps between:

• under-roof waterproofing and roofing;
• insulation and water barrier;
• vapor barrier and internal lining (if provided).

Air circulation (free inflow and removal) is ensured by special vents, one of which should be located in the roof overhang, and the second under the ridge.

Materials for thermal insulation of pitched roofs

Roof insulation technology involves the use of various materials. The most popular heat insulators include mineral wool and glass wool (in slabs or rolls), slab polymer materials– polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam. The principles of their installation are similar, but it is worth noting that installing slab material is much simpler and more convenient.

Roofing felt or roofing material is usually used as waterproofing. waterproofing membrane, impervious to water, but capable of removing moisture from the insulation. The vapor barrier layer can be made of:

• roofing felt;
• polyethylene film;
• glassine;
• foil materials laid with foil towards the attic.

To create a roofing pie with high functional characteristics, to create a vapor barrier, it is recommended to use a special vapor barrier membrane: it removes condensation outside from the insulation and does not allow steam and moisture to pass into the roofing pie.

Stages of work on insulating a pitched roof

The roof insulation scheme is quite simple. First of all, you need to measure the distance between the rafters. The slabs of cotton wool insulation should be cut according to the results obtained, adding 1 centimeter. This will allow you to fasten the heat insulator between the rafters. This stage of work is greatly simplified if the roofing system is initially designed and installed based on the use of slab insulation boards of a certain width.

If there is no waterproofing between the rafters and the already installed roofing, you should first secure a water barrier. The membrane should envelop the rafters; it is most convenient to fasten it with a construction stapler to the rafters themselves and to roofing sheathing in the openings between them. The waterproofing must be installed under the eaves at the bottom of the roof to ensure moisture drainage. It should be taken into account that with this method of fastening the hydrobarrier, the insulation must be installed without the necessary air gap. For this reason, it is recommended to use super as waterproofing. diffusion membrane.

If there is a waterproofing layer under the roofing, nails are placed on the rafters in increments of about 10 cm. The nails should be located at a distance of 3-5 cm from the waterproofing layer. It is necessary to stretch a polyethylene thread or cord between the nails, tamping them to the end. This will help create an air gap between the hydrobarrier and the insulation. If the heat insulator is planned to be fixed with a cord, and not with lathing for internal cladding, nails must also be driven along the outer edge of the rafters.

If, when deciding how to insulate the roof of a house, cotton wool was chosen slab insulation, then the prepared elements must be slightly compressed and inserted between the rafters. When using stiffer foam boards and similar materials, it is important to accurately size them so that the boards fit snugly into the opening. It is recommended to carry out insulation in two layers. If you have to mount not solid sheets into the opening, but narrower fragments, joining them along the length or width, you need to make sure that the joints of the second layer do not coincide with the joints of the first. The heat insulator should not protrude beyond the plane of the rafter legs. If the rafters are not wide enough to install two layers of insulation, additional timber is nailed to them.

The heat insulator is fixed between the rafters using a stretched cord secured to pre-filled nails. Or, as a fastening, a lathing made of slats is used, intended for mounting the interior lining of the room. The slats are nailed to the rafters in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the vapor barrier is stapled to the rafters before installing the sheathing: the thickness of the slats allows you to create the necessary air gap between the vapor barrier and the sheathing.

When installing a vapor barrier, special attention is paid to the tightness of the layer. The panel is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm, the joints should be taped with adhesive tape in two layers. It is necessary to install the vapor barrier around the area as efficiently as possible. chimney and at junctions with walls. At the final stage, the sheathing is installed using wood-based or plasterboard boards.

How to insulate the roof of a house correctly: video, insulation diagram, methods

Find out how to properly insulate the roof of your house. Look at the video on how to insulate the roof of a house using various schemes, methods and types of insulation

How to insulate rafters: options and rules for installing thermal insulation for attic roofs

Thermal insulation of the rafter structure is carried out if active use of the attic space formed by it is planned. They carry out work both during construction and during reconstruction or repair. To ensure that the investment of money and physical effort is not in vain, you should know how to insulate rafters and which technological method should be preferred to achieve an impeccable result.

Specifics of insulation of truss structures

Despite the apparent simplicity of the process of thermal insulation of the rafter frame, this is a very serious stage. Firstly, the roof is the lightest building construction, which is contraindicated to be overly weighted. However, insulated slopes are required to protect owners from all kinds of weather conditions, along with load-bearing walls, otherwise there is absolutely no point in insulating the attic.

Secondly, the enclosing covering, together with the components of the roofing pie, is in direct contact with the lower layers of the atmosphere on the outside, and on the inside in contact with the domestic environment with its characteristic microclimate.

The temperature difference on both sides, by definition, creates conditions for the accumulation of condensation in the thickness of the roofing system. In addition to them, steam formation occurs, which is characteristic of the premises being used.

Taking into account the listed factors affecting the thermal insulation layer in the roofing pie, special requirements are imposed on the material chosen for the arrangement.

Thermal insulation of rafters should be:

• lightweight so as not to create additional load on the supporting structures of the building;
• maximum resistant to moisture, which, even with ideal thermal insulation protection, still penetrates or forms in the roofing pie, albeit in small quantities;
• non-flammable, in extreme cases, slightly flammable or simply does not support combustion;
• noise-absorbing, i.e. capable of extinguishing sounds of varying power and origin;
• minimally thermally conductive, so as not to increase the volume of the structure with optimal ability to retain heat.

It is important that the material chosen for the thermal insulation layer does not wrinkle or settle under its own weight during its service. Because If the rafter structure is being installed, the thermal insulation will definitely be located at an angle.

If the insulating layer slides somewhat towards the base over time, exposing the ridge area, heat loss will increase by approximately 40%. Therefore, when selecting a material, you should choose the item whose labeling indicates “for pitched roofs».

Thermal insulation options for rafter systems

The task of insulation is not to heat up the air mass; they are required to retain the heat supplied by heating and not allow air to pass through. low temperatures outside. IN summer period the same thermal insulation prevents the penetration of high temperatures, which on hot days on the roof often reach + 90ºС.

The materials used to construct the insulation system for pitched roofs are divided into two basic groups:

• Cotton ones. These include varieties with a fibrous structure: stone wool, glass and slag wool, etc. Their insulating qualities are imparted by the air that fills the space between the chaotically intertwined fibers. Wool can be either hard or soft, i.e. crushable.
• Foam. Options with a “foamed” structure, which are a collection of closed bubbles filled with an inert gas or ordinary air, which acts as an insulator. These are rigid slab types of insulation.

In the construction of the insulation system for rafter systems, materials characterized by low thermal conductivity are used. Its value usually does not exceed the standard limit of 0.04 W/m°C, which is typical for almost all types of roof insulation.

Specifics of cotton wool insulation

Cotton insulation easily allows evaporation into itself and, in the same way, part with the moisture found in its thickness. To prevent water from retaining in fibrous insulation, which significantly reduces the insulating properties, roofing wool is hydrophobized - the fibers are coated with a water-repellent substance.

The hydrophobic shell prevents the fibers from getting wet, on which moisture only accumulates, and when the drop reaches volume, it rolls down or is evaporated by an air flow. Therefore, wool used to insulate rafter frames is classified as a vapor-permeable, but at the same time non-wet material, which is extremely important in the construction of roofs.

During operation, wooden rafter structures emit a certain amount of moisture that must be removed. Therefore, the best option when installing an insulation system in the space between the rafters is considered to be cotton wool, which promotes the natural drying of wood structures.

From the inside, i.e. from the premises, the wool is covered with a vapor barrier membrane. It prevents the penetration of vapors into the insulation, but still partially lets them through. On the outside, the cotton thermal insulation is covered with a water-repellent polymer film, between which and the insulation a ventilation gap of 3–5 cm is left.

If a superdiffusion membrane is used as waterproofing, then the ventilation gap is not provided. The membrane spontaneously releases condensation formed in the insulation into the atmosphere, but prevents rain and melt water from penetrating the insulating layer.

It is, of course, more expensive than ordinary and reinforced polyethylene film, but it allows the use of narrower rafters for insulation, which brings considerable economic benefits.

Features of foam insulation boards

The subgroup of foam insulation includes all kinds of expanded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, etc. All of them are divided into vapor-permeable and vapor-tight options.

The ability to transmit household fumes depends on the manufacturing method of the material. For example, extruded polystyrene foam allows moisture to pass through in minute quantities, because its cells are tightly sintered together by the walls. There is no space left between them. In addition, the closed shell of the bubble eliminates the slightest attempts at water penetration.

Materials created by extrusion have the lowest vapor permeability, which makes it possible not to protect the insulation with vapor barrier films. However, the need for a ventilation duct in case of removal of condensate and a small volume of steam still remains.

Polystyrene foam - foamed polystyrene that has not passed through the extruder allows vapor to pass through. Between its cells there are channels that facilitate the penetration of moisture and its removal from the thermal insulation body through ventilation. When using it as roof insulation, it is necessary to use vapor and waterproofing layers and arrange ventilation ducts.

Foams are represented by rigid slabs, which, unlike soft wool, do not wrinkle. Although it can be installed in the space between the rafters, foam insulation is generally installed on top of the rafters or on the inside of the room.

The fact is that it is difficult to cut out a material that rigidly retains its shape so that it completely fills a cell in the rafter system. There will still be some weakened thin line between it and the rafters, which contributes to the formation of cold bridges.

In addition, extruded insulation materials do not absorb moisture, which will inevitably be released wooden elements systems. Therefore, when laying between the rafters, only foam plastic can be used - insulation that can allow vapor to pass through.

Foamed thermal insulation with minimal vapor permeability is available in the form of slabs. Most of them are equipped with a technological edge, which greatly facilitates the laying of the material. Thanks to the edge, the thermal insulation layer, installed along the rafters or from the inside, turns out to be almost monolithic, preventing the formation of cold bridges.

Methods for insulating the rafter system

In the construction of the thermal insulation layer of the rafter frame, either one of the materials or a complex of insulation materials of at least two varieties can be used. Since no one has yet invented ideal insulation materials, they can work perfectly in pairs, compensating for the shortcomings of their neighbor.

It is important to remember that on the side of the attic being constructed, a layer with the lowest vapor permeability should be installed. Those. on the side of the premises it is necessary to place denser insulation, characterized by a minimum number of pores and channels for collecting condensate and steam. It will become a barrier to moisture and reduce the likelihood of it getting into the thickness of the insulation.

According to the location of the thermal insulation layer relative to the rafter legs, methods for its installation are divided into three types, these are:

• Inter-rafter insulation. The location of thermal insulation in the space between adjacent rafters. It is assumed that soft wool and polystyrene foam will be used.
• Insulation over rafters. Installation of a continuous thermal insulation layer on the outside of the rafter structure. Rigid foam boards are used.
• Insulation along the rafters from the inside. By analogy with the previous point, a continuous layer is constructed, but from the side of the room being equipped. Hard cotton mats and all types of foam insulation are used.
• Combined insulation. Filling the space between the rafters with insulation and installing an additional layer on top of the rafters on the side convenient for work.

The choice of method is focused on the construction stage and weather conditions in the specific time period during which the work is planned. For example, when performing insulation during the reconstruction of an attic, there is no point in dismantling the unworn coating. It's easier to insulate from the inside. In addition, the work will not be affected by weather disasters, and the material is not in danger of getting wet and dusty.

If you intend to install thermal insulation over the rafters from the outside, you should not time the insulation procedure to coincide with a period of heavy rainfall. However, if you have to carry out work at such a time, you should plan to complete it as soon as possible and provide for the possibility of protecting the insulation from rain if it suddenly falls out.

Such measures include covering the insulation with a waterproof awning or a waterproofing carpet prepared in advance and connected into a continuous sheet.

The thickness of the insulation system is selected in accordance with the climatic characteristics of the construction region in accordance with the requirements of SNiP number II-3-79, which examines in detail all issues related to construction heating engineering.

Insulation materials are produced in the format of slabs, mats or rolls cut into mats standard thickness 2 or 5 cm each. It will not be possible to select the material exactly according to calculations, but you should remember that you should always round up.

Thermal insulation made of mineral wool

If you plan to install thermal insulation in the space between the rafters, there is no better material than soft elastic wool. The optimal size of a fragment of heat-insulating material in such cases exceeds the actual dimensions of this space by 2-3 cm in both directions.

To lay it in “cells” between the rafters, the roll is cut into pieces with the stated dimensions, or when designing the rafter frame, the dimensions of the finished insulating mats are taken into account. The main thing is that the slightly compressed fragment of insulation straightens out in its proper place and gets wedged between the rafters due to its own elasticity.

For those who prefer cutting by hand roll insulation, you should clearly calculate the dimensions of the cut pieces. If the fragment is noticeably wider or longer, its own elasticity will cause it to bend in the “window” intended for installation.

A bent piece will partially block the ventilation duct, due to which the thermal insulation will not be able to fully ventilate, which means it will not work according to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.

To ensure that the cotton mats do not bend or sag between the rafters, they are advised to be fixed in a special way. Nails are nailed along the line coinciding with the surface of the heat-insulating layer and connected to each other with fishing line. The insulation secured by this method will not interfere with the air flows washing it.

Ideally, the rafter leg should be 3–5 cm wider than the thermal insulation system. In this case, the ventilation duct from the eaves overhang to the ridge element is formed spontaneously. If the width of the rafter does not allow for a ventilation duct, i.e. it is equal to or less than the thickness of the insulating layer; the shortage is made up with counter-battens nailed to the ribs of the rafter legs.

Reinforced thermal insulation of the rafter system

The scheme of enhanced roof insulation along the rafters helps to completely get rid of cold bridges. It is clear that this method involves filling the space between the rafters with soft insulating material and installing rigid slabs from the outside or from the inside. The work is carried out in stages, in accordance with the above technologies.

First of all, elastic cotton mats are installed in the space between the rafters. After that, a transverse rail is mounted, holding the already installed insulation and forming a frame for laying the next row of slabs.

The size of the slats should be selected so that it is equal to the thickness of the insulating layer being laid, and the laths should be positioned so that the elements of the insulating system fit tightly into the spaces between the slats.

A diffusion membrane is laid on top of the reinforced multi-tiered thermal insulation layer. It is laid directly on the insulating layer without fear of condensation forming in the thickness of the insulation.

If the waterproofing protection is made of polyethylene film, then a ventilation gap must be constructed between the insulation and the polyethylene. It is formed by installing a rail with the required size.

When using a superdiffusion membrane, there is no need to create a ventilation gap above the ridge purlin. The material is laid overlapping over the ridge with a protective and decorative ridge strip installed on top of it.

When using polyethylene, this layer is not brought to the ridge ridge. On both sides, approximately 7-10 cm are left between the edge of the waterproofing and the ridge fracture so that condensation and household fumes can be freely released into the atmosphere.

In a combined scheme, you can use only mineral wool of varying degrees of hardness or combine it with the installation of foam elements from the outside of the attic or from the inside.

Installation of rigid polystyrene foam boards

Foamed rigid slabs hold the load perfectly, cope with the weight of the roofing covering, snow drifts, and even human movement in case of repair operations. In all respects, it is more convenient and reasonable to construct an outer continuous layer from them.

When using extruded insulating varieties, there is no point in installing a waterproofing carpet on top of a heat-insulating system and a vapor barrier analogue from inside the premises. The slabs are laid on a continuous plank or plywood flooring built along the rafters, arranged in rows.

If thermal insulation is arranged in two or three tiers, then the spacing rule must be observed in each layer. The butt joints of the slabs should not be located at the same point to eliminate the possibility of leakage in this place.

The heat-insulating layer of slabs is attached to the rafters through a solid flooring and longitudinal wooden slats installed on top of the insulation. At the same time, the fastening bars form the ventilation channels necessary to ventilate the roofing pie and relieve stress from the roof. The same bars are used to install the sheathing for laying the covering.

When foam insulation is located on the outside of the rafter frame, the rafters themselves remain open indoors. They can be used as a non-standard interior element, as a basis for additional inter-rafter insulation, or as a base for attaching internal cladding.

The technology for installing an insulating layer from the inside of the attic is no different from the external version. The sheathing is also installed under the insulation and it is attached to the rafters. The advantage of installation from the inside is the possibility of construction at any time, the disadvantage lies in the fact that the internal space will be slightly “eaten up” by the thermal insulation.

The described methods are also used when constructing an insulating system made of rigid mineral wool slabs.

Combination of two types of thermal insulation

The combined insulation scheme involves the use of two types of insulating materials in one thermal insulation system. The installation of insulation materials is carried out according to their purpose and the technical properties laid down by the manufacturers. Soft cotton mats are placed in the cells between the rafters, hard slabs are installed outside or inside the rafter frame.

If a diffusion membrane is used as thermal insulation in a combined insulation scheme, ventilation ducts between the layers of thermal insulation and waterproofing are not suitable. This scheme is very difficult to implement without dismantling the coating. True, there are types of membranes that allow you to equip the rafter system from the inside without removing the roof. In such cases, it is attached to the rafter legs wrapped with it.

If the inner tier of the insulation system is made of extruded foam insulation, then there is no need to use a vapor barrier layer or install internal sheathing along the rafters.

How to insulate rafters: everything about roof insulation along rafters

How to insulate rafters with hard and soft types of thermal insulation materials, thermal insulation schemes, nuances of laying insulation when installing a pitched roof.

How to insulate a roof from the inside with mineral wool - features of laying mineral wool on the roof

Installing a warm roof involves mandatory installation insulating layer. As a rule, slopes are insulated after the completion of the rafter system assembly, but before installing the roofing - and this technology is considered optimal. However, sometimes annoying problems occur, and after assembling the roof it turns out that the existing insulation is not enough for normal thermal insulation.

The need for roof insulation

In such cases, it is necessary to insulate the roof from the inside with mineral wool - this allows you to compensate for the level of heat loss. About how the roof is insulated from the inside with mineral wool, and we'll talk In this article.

There are two fundamental technologies for insulating a roof from the inside:

• Laying insulation between the frame rafters;
• Laying insulation above the rafters.

Each technology for roof insulation with mineral wool will be considered in more detail.

Types of insulation

Of course, it is necessary to insulate the slopes only when installing a warm roof. The thermal insulation layer is laid in the space between the rafters at the stage of roof installation when there is no finishing coating yet - this approach is quite convenient and does not require significant effort.

Roof insulation can be done the following types mineral wool:

1. Glass wool. This heat-insulating material contains glass fiber with a thickness of no more than 15 microns. Glass wool can be produced in rolls, slabs or mats. The characteristics of this insulation are impressive: excellent thermal insulation properties, good fire resistance and complete resistance to biological factors. The material, produced in the form of slabs, is quite convenient and very easy to install. Glass wool can easily be classified as a budget insulation material if you take a closer look at the cost of alternative heat insulators. The main disadvantage of this material is its ability to cause irritation upon contact with open areas of the human body, so it is necessary to work with it only in a full set of personal protective equipment.
2. Basalt (stone) wool. This material also contains fibers, but here they are represented by a natural mineral - basalt. Additional components include some carbonate rocks, bentonite clay and several other composites. Basalt wool is completely non-flammable, has excellent thermal insulation properties and is resistant to mold and mildew. The structure of this material is not so strong, and its price is about 1.5-2 times higher than glass wool, but safety and ease of installation have done their job - and therefore basalt wool is in much greater demand.

There is also a third type of mineral wool - slag wool. It is pointless to consider insulating a roof with your own hands from the inside using mineral wool of this type, since it is not used for internal roof insulation due to its extremely negative impact on the human body.

Installation of mineral wool between the rafters from the inside of the roof

When laying thermal insulation material from the inside of a roof structure, the simplest option would be to install it in the space between the rafters. True, this method is only relevant if the thickness of the insulating layer does not exceed the width of the rafters, otherwise you will have to do combined thermal insulation of the roof.

Insulating the roof with mineral wool from the inside in this case will look like this:

1. The first step is to take a building level and measure the lower level of the rafters, which should be uniform along the entire perimeter of the frame. If there are deviations from the level, it is necessary to align all the rafters so that they run along the same line.
2. A waterproofing film must be laid in advance on top of the rafters, which protects the insulation from moisture. If this film was not used when installing the roof, then it will no longer be possible to lay it, so the thermal insulation will be without proper protection.
3. Mineral wool is cut into suitable pieces. When installing insulation between the rafter legs, the material is fixed due to the bursting force, so the cut elements should be 2-3 cm wider than the distance between the rafters. When laying the material in two layers, you need to ensure that the joints of one layer do not coincide with the joints of the other.
4. The next step is adjusting the vapor barrier. Cut membrane strips are installed above the insulation to protect it from moisture and air. The vapor barrier membrane is installed in parallel roof slope and fixed with a construction stapler.
5. The last stage is covering the insulation, for which plasterboard, plywood or edged boards are usually used. In the future, the casing will act as a support for decorative finishing attic walls.

When installing insulation on a roof with a slope angle of less than 25 degrees, the following situation may arise: the insulating boards will simply fall out due to a lack of pushing force. To prevent this from happening, the insulation must be additionally reinforced with slats or strong fishing line stretched between the rafters. On slopes with a large slope this problem usually does not arise.

Do-it-yourself installation of mineral wool on rafters

If the width of the thermal insulation material does not allow it to fit into the space between the rafters, its installation will have to be carried out in two stages. One layer of material will be laid according to the technology described above, and the second will be laid on top of the already installed layer. Such insulation of the roof with mineral wool is much more expensive, but the result is of better quality.

Insulation of the roof with mineral wool along the rafters is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. The first steps exactly repeat the installation algorithm between the rafters - the installation step of the rafter legs is measured, after which the insulation is cut so that it can be mounted by surprise. When using rolled material, you need to let it lie flat for a while.
2. During installation, the edges of the slabs are folded inward, and after installing the insulation, they are straightened.
3. A vapor barrier is attached to the rafters using a stapler. The rules are still the same: strips of material are laid with a slight overlap so that steam does not pass through the joints.
4. Slats are nailed horizontally to the rafters, the thickness of which should exceed the thickness of the insulation by 1-2 cm. The distance between the slats should be sufficient for laying heat-insulating boards.
5. Mineral wool is placed between the stuffed slats. When laying, you need to ensure that the joints of the material do not coincide with the joints of the previous layer.
6. The final stage is the outer cladding, for which any finishing material can be used.

This roof insulation technology is considered the most effective, therefore, when deciding how to properly insulate a roof with mineral wool, you should give preference to this option.

Insulating the roof from the inside with mineral wool is quite effective remedy to protect the roof from the cold. Knowledge of the theory and competent implementation of the chosen technology will allow you to create a reliable roof, under which it will be possible to arrange a living space in the future.

Insulating the roof from the inside with mineral wool with your own hands: technology for insulating the roof with mineral wool, how to properly insulate

Insulating the roof from the inside with mineral wool with your own hands: technology for insulating the roof with mineral wool, how to properly insulate

The truss roof structure is the most common in private housing construction. Often, rafter legs are formed from wooden beams, a metal profile is less commonly used. To ensure comfortable living conditions, it is necessary to insulate the roof along the rafters. This is especially true for metal structures.

Insulation along rafters

This technology for laying insulation is rarely used. It is mainly due to two factors:

If the loggia space is planned to be decorated:

• in Scandinavian style;
• in chalet style;
• in the manner of an old Russian upper room;
• in Provence style;
• A mandatory element will be a board on the ceiling. Exposed rafter legs, painted in appropriate colors, will add color to the room.

Of course, you can make a dummy. But the value of attic space always remains an important question. Therefore, it is better to use existing structures.

In the second case, the distance between the rafters is used for arranging furniture or for other purposes. By covering it with insulation, the owners will lose valuable square footage.

The process diagram in this case is as follows:

Advantages of the method:

• the insulation layer has no breaks, therefore there are no cold bridges;
• load-bearing elements of the roof are not exposed to the external environment. The temperature on the surface of the rafters remains constant. This ensures the durability of the roofing scheme;
• high degree of sound insulation compared to other schemes due to the continuity of the coating.

This installation scheme places high demands on vapor barriers. It must be resistant to mechanical stress. After laying it, installers move along the roof, threatening to damage the unreliable material.

The disadvantages of such insulation include:

• the complexity of the work if there are protruding parts, valleys, ridges on the roof;
• impossibility of carrying out work in bad weather.

Insulation over rafters is popular in European countries. The Germans are considered the legislators of this technology.

Insulation between rafters

The traditional way to insulate a sloping roof is to place the insulation between the rafters. In this case, you can arrange a flat ceiling in the attic space.

Before starting insulation, you need to install a waterproof film over the rafters. It will protect the room from possible precipitation and allow work to be carried out in any weather. It is better to choose a diffusion membrane. When installing a micro-perforated or anti-condensation coating, a two-sided gap is created.
Condensation often forms on films. Its contact with the insulation:

The insulation is not installed on full height rafter leg. A gap of 2-3 cm is enough to ensure air flow and natural drying.

With this technology, low-density insulation is often used. For proper operation, such insulation needs to be additionally fastened, which leads to excessive consumption of frame material.

Often soft insulation shrinks during operation. Deformations occur both in width and height. As a result, some areas become bare, becoming defenseless against the cold.

It is not recommended to use insulation in the form of dense materials: polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam. Due to the instability of dimensions, gaps form between the rafters and slabs. The use of polyurethane foam does not help the situation. Blows are formed.

Slab-type mineral wool is best suited for insulation inside rafters. When laying, the joints of the slabs are shifted by half the width of the product. In this case, the formation of cold bridges is prevented.

Seam bandaging is also important for multi-layer installations. The next product should overlap the seams of the previous flooring. For multi-layer installation, products of maximum thickness are used. For example, for insulation with a 150 mm layer, it is better to take 100 and 50 mm material than three 50 mm slabs.

When the slope angle is less than 30°, an additional frame is installed under the insulation. It will prevent the slabs from sliding and caking. The frame holds the slabs in the installation position during their entire service life.

The accepted width of the slabs should be 1-1.5 cm greater than the clear distance between the rafters. In this case, a tight connection will be ensured. With a smaller width, cracks will appear due to wood defects or builder oversights. Large thickness contributes to the deformation of the slab and its bending.

There should be no air gaps or cracks inside the insulation of pitched roofs along wooden rafters. The layers should be adjacent to each other tightly. This also applies to interlayer spaces and joints. Professionals lay the slabs by cutting them into two trapezoidal parts.

Another innovative method of insulation is polyurethane foam. The covering can be installed both after the installation of waterproofing and after the installation of the roof covering.

The application process is spraying. The work is carried out using special equipment. It is mandatory for the employee to have protection in the form of:

• suit;
• masks;
• respirator

Foam is applied both in the gap between the rafters and on the load-bearing elements of the roof. They must first be treated with antiseptics or an anti-corrosion solution. Foam:

• clogs the smallest air vents and cracks;
• hides bolt holes;
• covers everything metal elements, protecting them from corrosion.

A continuous layer prevents the penetration of drafts and moisture. Low thermal conductivity allows you to reduce the cost of heating the under-roof space.

The second innovative continuous covering material is ecowool. The name itself speaks of environmental friendliness and safety of use.

The composition includes fire retardants and antiseptics. The former prevent the layer from igniting, the latter prevent the spread of fungi and mold inside. The bulk of the composition is waste paper and waste from cardboard production.

Installation is done dry and wet method. When laying dry, the rafters are sewn up from the inside facing material. The material is placed into the resulting boxes. With the wet method, wet cotton wool is applied to the surface under pressure. High adhesion of the material allows you to cover the surface with a dense, uniform layer.

Combined insulation

Combined insulation increases the surface's resistance to heat loss. In this case, it is possible to use materials with different characteristics, comprehensively protecting the roof. In this case, the cost of work increases. But reducing the payback period brings the technology to the level of the most widely used.

Often, two layers of insulation are carried out in the distances between the rafters and on top of them. Light and soft mineral wool boards are used inside. They provide basic thermal protection by retaining heat indoors.

A rigid structure is mounted on top of the rafters slab insulation. Basically, fibreboards are used for its construction. The joints of the slabs should be on the rafter leg. In this case, the products will be secured and the seams will not blow through.

This method is convenient when repairing the roof or covering it. The old insulation is left if it meets its functions. Also, an additional layer of insulation neutralizes the voids inside the main protection.

The combined thermal protection between the rafters and inside the room. The following is used as internal insulation:

• cork sheet or slabs;
• penofol;
• drywall.

Rolled rafter insulation materials are attached to them using wooden slats. It is better to use foamed polyethylene substrates. They do not allow steam to pass through, thereby providing reliable protection for the next layer. The most commonly used are products with a reflective layer. The foil coating allows you to retain heat inside with a minimum thickness of insulation.

Plasterboard insulation requires the creation of a frame. In addition, the sheets have a certain width that needs to be calculated. But drywall will provide noise protection at the same time. This is especially important when installing metal tiles.

The most effective is three-layer insulation. In this case:

• the rafters are closed from internal and external influences;
• high-quality noise protection is provided;
• by covering the joints of materials with layers, complete thermal sealing of the room is ensured;
• Defects in the installation of one layer are compensated by the correct installation of the other two. This is important for additional insulation during roof repairs.

This scheme is used in Germany for the construction of houses called Passivhaus. In such houses there is no need for heating or the costs for it are minimal. According to the standard, they constitute 10% of the energy consumption of a typical home.

When installing thermal insulation, it is worth remembering that the work belongs to the hidden cycle. It will be impossible to control the correctness of execution after finishing. Therefore, it is worth choosing only quality materials to insulate the roof between the rafters and comply with all installation requirements.

Properly organized insulation in the house is the key to comfortable living conditions. If the main floors and wall structures do not have high heat-saving properties, then the functions of ensuring a favorable microclimate are transferred to insulating materials. The most effective solution to this problem is to insulate the roof along the rafters; photos of how this process occurs are presented in the article.

Nuances of choosing material for insulation

The material for insulation in the rafter area is usually selected taking into account the thermal insulation potential of the structure, but this is far from the only selection criterion. The supporting structure for slopes has fundamentally important limitations in terms of additional equipment. The main one is the weight load, so the material must be light and small-sized, since the fixing devices in the case of using large-format panels will also provide additional weight.

As for the form factor, subject to structural compatibility, experts recommend using tiled and rolled products. The only exception applies to backfill materials that are appropriate to use on the ceiling of an attic or attic. It is advisable to carry out insulation of the roof along the rafters from the inside in thin layers, taking into account the possibility of installing a protective coating. In this case, it will be better to use products with external metallized layers that provide a barrier against mechanical stress.

In addition, you should adhere to the general rules for choosing materials for arranging the roof and roofing system. It is important that the insulator is non-flammable and biologically resistant. formed by lumber, in itself, without protective impregnations, is vulnerable to the development of fungus and mold, not to mention the support of a flame. In this sense, the internal insulating coating should become a barrier against the negative factors of possible destruction of beams and support posts.

Don't forget about waterproofing

As experts note, moistening the insulating material by just 1% can reduce its thermal conductivity by up to 30%. IN winter time year, this percentage increases and can cause destruction of the insulator structure. Therefore, roof insulation technologies along the rafters necessarily include the inclusion of a hydraulic barrier in the insulating structure. It is desirable that the moisture-resistant shell also combines the qualities of a vapor barrier.

Hydrological insulation materials are primarily rated based on strength, abrasion resistance and fire resistance. Mainly artificial products, therefore biological threats are excluded. The optimal solution may be a roofing membrane based on polypropylene or polyethylene. If you apply a modification of the film with reinforcing fabric or mesh, then insulation of the roof along the rafters can be done without a special counter-lattice on the outside. It is recommended to lay directly on a layer of thermal insulation, which will reduce the amount of work and costs. This waterproofing agent directs moisture in one direction - away from the surface of the insulation. Condensation also collects on the reverse side, after which it drains or evaporates. An important nuance when arranging layers of waterproofing is to lay them with the correct side to the insulation. Usually the same membranes are marked with special inscriptions indicating the front or back side.

What should be the structure of the insulating “pie”?

Configurations for placing thermal insulation in can vary depending on the characteristics of the roof, insulation requirements and rafter layout. In any case, the outer layer will be represented by the roofing material - it can be a metal sheet, bitumen shingles or slate based on asbestos concrete. This covering can also be fixed to rafter beams, but most often intermediate slats are used to make the joint secure. A kind of lathing is formed, from which it is already inside heat insulator is mated. But before that comes external isolation. Among the subtleties of roof insulation along the rafters, the importance of maintaining ventilated gaps should be noted. That is, there should be 2-3 cm between the conventional mineral wool slabs and the roofing for air circulation. It is this indentation that will be provided by the sheathing slats.

Additionally, thermal insulation on the outside can be preceded by vapor barrier and wind protection. The presence of the last layer depends on the type of roof. For example, modern models bituminous shingles and ondulin take on part of the insulating functions, eliminating the need to lay additional technical layers. On the attic side, the technology for insulating the roof along the rafters also involves the inclusion of hydro- and vapor barrier films, which, depending on their own structure, can be covered with sheathing and subsequent cladding or remain open. Despite its impracticality, the second option can be justified by the fact that the owner can always assess the condition of the insulation during an external inspection. And, on the contrary, under the layer of lining the defects that have formed will be hidden, due to which dampness may appear.

How to properly insulate between rafters?

The most common insulation scheme is one in which thick slabs can be used. Moreover, the size of the segments is selected so that the width is 10-15 cm larger than the gaps between the rafter beams. This distance will be used as sheathing cells, into which the heat insulator is laid according to the classical system. Width tolerance is necessary for tight integration of insulation into free niches without gaps. As for the thickness, it is selected lower relative to the protrusion of the rafter legs. This condition is necessary to save space for the same waterproofing or other technological and protective coatings. Proper insulation of the roof along the rafters is carried out so that a dense and even base is formed from the insulating material in the structure of the load-bearing beams. To do this, it is necessary that the laying surface also has the correct geometry, and this will again depend on the characteristics of the roof.

The subtleties of thermal insulation under the rafters

Filling the free space between the rafter legs is simple and practical option insulation. Thus, the supporting structure is given additional rigidity, the structure for placing the insulating material receives the necessary retaining elements, and the niches in which cold air can “walk” are also filled. However, this option is not always possible due to the following reasons:

• in the space between the rafters.
• Insufficient structural rigidity to accommodate additional materials.
• The use of an insulator, which in principle cannot be placed in the grooves.

In such situations, you can use an alternative arrangement of the heat insulator on the rear side. But even in this case, there are structural nuances of roof insulation along the rafters, which consist in the problems of moving the insulating layer beyond the level of the supporting structure. In this case, the niches between are covered with solid material (plywood, chipboard, etc.), and insulation is laid on it. It is not practical to use thick slabs in this configuration as it would require an additional structure, which would significantly increase the load and reduce the available space in the attic. But it is allowed to use thin rolled material, for fastening of which, together with waterproofing, slats and a protective reinforced film will be sufficient.

Insulation technology over rafters

The reverse of the previous technique for laying the heat insulator is one in which the material is located not on the back side, but on the outside - between the roofing covering and its load-bearing structure. But this method also requires compliance with certain structural conditions, the main one of which is the design preservation of space for organizing roof insulation along the rafters. In this case, laying is carried out on top of the rafter structure with a superstructure in the form of sheathing. In preparation for installation, it is necessary to cover the load-bearing beams with sheet wood chip panels. The sheathing ribs are mounted on a flat surface, between which (a distance of about 50-60 cm) the insulator will be laid.

The top part of the material is also covered with waterproofing and other technological coatings, depending on the specific requirements. There can be two options for external closing coating. In the first case, the roof insulation over the rafters is left unfinished. That is, in relation to the back side of the roof, the same waterproofing remains open. This option is good because it leaves a free area for air ventilation - in the place of interaction of insulators and roofing material there are surfaces that are resistant to negative humidity and biological factors. The second option involves the installation of small-format sheathing with intermediate power battens on which the roof will be laid. This scheme is good because of the additional mechanical and wind protection of the insulators, but in this case the ventilation effect of the under-roof space is reduced and the wood finish of the insulation remains less protected from contact with moisture.

Combined insulation scheme as the best option

In this case, comprehensive thermal insulation of the roof structure is implemented in three directions. That is, the roof will be insulated over the rafters, between the beams and above them. It is immediately worth noting several nuances of using this configuration, since it has many features:

More technological space is required inside and outside relative to the ramps.

Getting more complicated technical device roofs, since several levels of insulation will require the organization of additional installation systems.

The possibility of laying communications in the under-roof niche is excluded.

Financial costs for materials increase.

This scheme is not suitable for use in small houses. Moreover, it is usually used in full-fledged attic rooms, where, in principle, a more solid roof structure is provided and there is enough space for the installation of complex technological elements. On the other hand, it is the combined technology of laying roof insulation along the rafters that makes it possible to turn an attic into a living space for the winter. Even at the roof design stage, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of installing three levels of insulation. Technically, installation of this structure is carried out if the following conditions are met:

• Two battens are organized inside and outside in relation to the rafter structure. That is, beams for rafter legs are initially selected with large dimensions, preferably with metal reinforcing plates.
• It is planned to include supporting vertical posts to hold not only the truss structure, but also the insulation. To evenly distribute the load of the supporting area at the level of roof insulation, metal sheets or chipboard panels with grooves for fixing the racks are mounted on the inside of the rafters.
• As each new layer of insulation is laid with panels closing the next sheathing, it is necessary to make technological holes for the future passage of ventilation and chimney pipes. In a completely closed, formed insulation structure, this operation at all levels will be difficult to perform.

Methods of fastening and installation of insulators - what to consider?

There are mainly two methods of installing thermal insulation materials: adhesive and mechanical (using hardware). Each of them has its own nuances of application, so they are worth considering in more detail:

• Adhesive fastening method. If you plan to insulate the roof along the rafters with your own hands, this method will be preferable. To implement it, it is enough to clean the laying surface in the form of the same plywood sheet or the back side of the roof, apply the adhesive mixture and fix the insulator. This technique is used for both roll and tile insulation, but in both cases it is necessary to choose the right composition. At self-installation Beginners are recommended to use ready-made dry mixtures. More experienced roofers use two-component products, which can be further modified to improve certain performance qualities. For both cases, it is recommended to use products from Ceresit, Soudabond and Insta.
• Installation using mechanical fasteners. The complexity of this method lies in the fact that the rafter system is not the most successful base for installing hardware. By the way, unsuccessful implementation of a large-format dowel into a weak beam can cause future rotting of its structure or the spread of cracks. How to properly insulate the roof along the rafters to avoid such phenomena? Firstly, you should, in principle, abandon large-sized nails, anchors and dowels. The emphasis is not on forceful grip (as a rule, insulation materials are light in weight and do not require rigid fixation), but on holding them in the desired position. To do this, it is enough to use umbrella thin dowels. In the case of rolled materials, you can completely limit yourself to mounting brackets, installing them with a construction stapler. Secondly, the installation points, together with the fasteners, are pre-treated with antiseptic and other bioprotective solutions for wood, which will prevent the processes of rotting, the development of mold and mildew inside the structure.

Features of roof insulation along rafters with mineral wool

This is the most famous material for thermal insulation. Despite certain disadvantages, such as extremely low protection from moisture, mineral wool is readily used in roofing. This material can be used to perform both partial and complete insulation of the roof structure. It is advisable to use slabs with a thickness of 20 cm (minimum) if we are talking about a region with cold winters. If there are structural restrictions on thickness, then the thickness is reduced to 10-15 cm. By the way, the same rules apply when insulating the roof along the rafters with foam plastic, but with one fundamental difference. Foam plastic, for all its advantages as a heat insulator, has a drawback associated with unsatisfactory sound insulation qualities. Therefore, in addition to auxiliary technical layers of insulation, it may additionally be necessary to lay noise-reducing material.

As for installation, it is necessary to note the nuances of observing safety precautions when insulating the roof along the rafters in this way. How to properly lay mineral wool? Only wear sealed gloves, a respirator and construction glasses, as this material emits toxic substances. Technically, installation is carried out according to general scheme on the sheathing with a mandatory waterproofing coating, but it is also additionally recommended to apply thin retaining slats in the central parts of the slab placement.

Features of using foam insulation

This is a rather specific material from the point of view of roof thermal insulation; it is rarely used in this capacity, but with proper installation, such a move is possible. Under foam insulation usually refers to polyurethane foam, the qualities of which determine the non-standard nature of this type of insulation. To begin with, it’s worth considering what are the benefits of roof insulation along the rafters based on a foam composition? This is the most the best option in a structural sense. Spraying polyurethane foam allows you to lay the material in different configurations, regardless of the complexity of the area; the foam will take any shape. In addition, this is the lightest heat insulator, so you don’t have to worry about the rafter system becoming too heavy.

However, there are also strict restrictions on the use of polyurethane foam on the roof. This material supports combustion (at least it smolders slowly, also releasing toxic substances), is not compatible with metal sheet roofing (excessive condensation and minimization of ventilation gaps) and cannot be used in places where exposure to high temperatures is expected (destruction will occur if the roof becomes very hot from the sun material). But does this mean that insulating the roof along the rafters with polyurethane foam should be abandoned? Not at all, since its negative properties are not of particular importance when spot sealing the so-called cold bridges. That is, foam insulation can be used zonally as a supplement to the main insulation.

Conclusion

When deciding on the choice of roof insulation technology, it would be a good idea to turn to special offers from thermal insulation manufacturers. Large companies are meeting the consumer halfway, trying to simplify installation tasks when using their products. For example, roof insulation along the rafters with Penoplex is distinguished by the use of a tongue-and-groove locking edge, which completely eliminates the question of choosing a fastening technique and minimizes gaps at the joints. In turn, the Knauf company offers special solutions for pitched roofs. This roll material, which is easy to cut, takes the desired shape of installation and does not require further protection with a waterproofing agent, since its structure contains proprietary water-repellent impregnation Aqua Statik. No less interesting options insulation materials for a wide variety of operating conditions are also offered by manufacturers Izover, Technonikol, Ursa, etc.