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DIY greenhouses: the best projects and materials for construction. The best do-it-yourself greenhouse projects: summer and winter options Construction schemes and greenhouse construction options

Purpose

Like a greenhouse, a greenhouse is used to create a favorable microclimate when preparing seedlings or when fully growing tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage and other plants.

IN in a broad sense both structures are perceived as one and the same, although in fact a greenhouse is a small and unheated structure. A greenhouse is a larger building with a heating and ventilation system, which allows for the cultivation of many crops at any time of the year.

Design

The structure of greenhouses is quite simple. A frame is assembled from pipes, metal or wood, which is covered with film, polycarbonate, glass, acrylic and other light-penetrating materials. If the weight of the structure is very large, it is additionally installed on the foundation.

For ventilation, removable panels or opening transoms are provided. Heating is carried out using water heating with radiators, infrared heaters or hot air from heat sources outside the greenhouse.

Installation

Since sunlight is vital for plants, the greenhouse should be built on the south side. It is advisable to place it on a slope and closer to other buildings in order to protect it from the wind and have access to utilities. It is better to stay away from high fences and trees: they provide shade, and falling leaves reduce light transmission.

youtube.com

• Assembly difficulty: low.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.
• Variations: the frame can be replaced with plastic pipes, and the covering material with film.

The simplest design option, which is ideal for a small greenhouse. A frame made of reinforcement is installed directly on the bed, and agrofibre or, as it is also called, spunbond, is stretched over it. This material protects from the sun while retaining heat and moisture.

1. The dimensions of such a greenhouse are chosen arbitrarily, depending on the footage of available materials. For example, it is convenient to cut six-meter reinforcement in half. With such a length of arcs, the width of the greenhouse is about 80 cm. The arcs themselves should be installed in increments of 1.2–1.5 m.

teplica-exp.ru

2. Arcs are bent from reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. Next, tubes are put on them drip irrigation or an old hose, leaving 10–20 cm at each end so that it is convenient to insert the structure into the ground.

ebayimg.com

3. After marking the installation locations for the arcs, scraps of steel pipes or drilled wooden pegs 20–30 cm long are driven into the ground, and the reinforcement is inserted into them.

stopdacha.ru

4. Spunbond can be stitched onto sewing machine, forming pocket folds that fit directly onto the arches. Another option is to install plastic pipe guides on the sides of the beds and attach agrofibre to them using purchased clips or cut pieces of pipes. The covering material can eventually be easily lifted by simply removing them.

stblizko.ru

5. If desired, you can attach the arcs not to pipes driven into the ground, but to metal guides rigidly fixed at the edges of the base. This design will allow you to fold the greenhouse like an accordion, simply by moving the arcs.

must.kz

6. The free ends of the spunbond at the ends must be collected, tied in a knot and secured with a peg, earth or other means.

samara.kinplast.ru

Here are step-by-step video instructions.

dachadecor.com

• Assembly difficulty: low.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.
• Variations: Instead of film, you can use agrofibre, and make the door on a wooden frame.

Budget option for a greenhouse from masonry mesh and ordinary film, which is quickly assembled and has a number of advantages. The design does not require a foundation; due to its elasticity, it is resistant to wind loads, and is also convenient for tying up plants from the inside. At the same time, by folding the mesh, you can get various sizes depending on your needs.

1. Wooden beams, steel angles, pipes or channels are used as load-bearing posts. They are hammered at a distance of 1.2–1.4 m.
2. The greenhouse arch is formed from two pieces of mesh laid overlapping. From below it is attached with wire to the posts, and from above with the same wire or plastic ties fastened together.
3. To strengthen the structure, T-shaped supports made of wooden beams 50 × 50 mm are installed in the middle of the passage. If desired, they can also be driven into the ground.
4. A film is put on a dome assembled from a mesh, which is held by strings of twine or rope stretched over it.
5. The side walls are also made of film, which is folded up and attached to the dome with tape. In several places at the top and bottom, small windows are cut for ventilation of the greenhouse.
6. The door is made on a wooden frame or made from the same film, which is cut and attached to the side wall with magnets in the manner of door mosquito nets.

stroydachusam.ru

• Assembly difficulty: average.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.

Another way to build a greenhouse on a quick fix. A wooden beam is used as a frame, and stretch packaging film is used as a covering material. With a large number of layers, it transmits light a little worse than ordinary PVC film, but on hot days this is even a plus.

1. The film is sold in rolls, so the dimensions of the greenhouse are selected according to the cutting of the timber and taking into account your wishes.
2. For the base, steel corners 40 × 40 mm are used, in which holes for attaching the frame posts are pre-drilled. They can also be treated with bitumen or painted to extend their service life.
3. The corners are driven into the ground, and pieces of timber are screwed to them with self-tapping screws. A lower frame, in turn, is attached to the beam, on which the side walls and roof are assembled. All corners are reinforced with additional inclined sections of timber.
4. The door is assembled on a wooden frame in one of the side walls and installed on hinges.
5. Film wrapping is done in parts, in several layers and overlapping. First, the gables are installed, then the roof slopes, and only then the walls. You need to start wrapping them from the bottom so that running rainwater does not get inside the greenhouse.
6. After wrapping with glazing bead or river, the door and its outer contour of the door are trimmed, and then the film around the frame is cut through. In the same way you can make a window in the opposite wall.

teplica-piter.ru

• Assembly difficulty: average.
• Foundation: desirable.
• Price: minimal.
• Variations: You can combine frames with film to make a roof, side walls or doors.

The main advantage of this design is its low cost. Old window frames can be found, if not for free, then for a symbolic price. In addition, glass transmits light much better than film and polycarbonate. The windows already have vents for ventilation, and if you select a balcony block, you will also have a ready-made door.

1. The size of the greenhouse depends on the size of the frames and the interior space you need. Aim for a width of about 2.5 m to give a passage of about 60 cm and two beds of 80–90 cm each.
2. Windows and glass have considerable weight, so it is advisable to install them on a solid base. This can be a shallow strip foundation, a massive wooden beam or a metal profile.
3. A wooden frame or pillars are installed on the foundation at the corners, and frames are attached to them and to each other. The gaps between each block are covered with putty and clogged with strips of laminate backing or a thin wooden lath.
4. A door is made in the front wall. Its role can be played by one of the windows, a balcony door or a wooden frame covered with film. Ventilation is provided through window vents.
5. To reduce weight, it is better to make the roof from wooden beams and film. You can use the same window frames, but in this case you will have to reinforce the structure with supports in the middle of the passage so that it can withstand a lot of weight.

maja-dacha.ru

• Assembly difficulty: average.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.
• Variations: the film can be replaced with agrofibre or polycarbonate

A greenhouse made of polypropylene pipes attracts with its simplicity, reliability and low price. Materials are sold in any hardware store, and assembly does not require any special skills or tools. You can even do without a soldering iron if you connect the pipes not with fittings, but with through bolts.

1. As always, sizes are selected based on needs and available materials. Polypropylene pipe is usually sold in 4 m sections, and it is easy to cut and splice using couplings.
2. The first step is to calculate the length of the pipe and the number of fittings needed. It’s better to take it with a reserve so that you don’t have to run to the store later.
3. The main parts are soldered from pipes, tees and crosspieces - arches with crossbars and longitudinal inserts.
4. Next, the greenhouse is assembled from the prepared parts. If a soldering iron is not at hand, you can use bolts with nuts and washers to connect, which are inserted into pipes drilled through.
5. The film is secured to the edges of the frame using purchased pipe clamps or homemade clips made from slightly larger diameter pipes cut along sections.

legkovmeste.ru

• Assembly difficulty: average.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.
• Variations: the film can be replaced with agrofibre or polycarbonate.

A classic version of a greenhouse, used for decades and not losing popularity. Wooden beams are easy to process, have low weight and sufficient strength, and also retain heat well. The structure does not require a capital foundation - you can get by with a frame made of timber of a larger cross-section or use steel corners as a base.

1. The standard cutting of timber is 6 m, so they start from this figure. Most often, greenhouses are made 3 × 6 m, but if desired, the dimensions can be either reduced or increased. The finished project with material calculations is available at this link.
   
2. The assembly of the frame is the same as for a greenhouse made of stretch film. Steel corners are driven into the ground at intervals of about 1 m at the points where the posts are attached. In each of them, two holes are drilled for self-tapping screws or one for M8 or M10 bolts.
3. Vertical posts are fixed to the corners along the entire perimeter, which are tied with an upper contour made of timber. To add rigidity in the corners, one jib is added on each side
4. Triangular roof trusses are installed and secured opposite the racks. The slope angle is selected depending on snow load. So, if there is a lot of snow in your region, the angle of inclination should be greater (the roof is higher and sharper).
5. The door and window for ventilation are assembled on wooden frames and installed in the front and rear walls, respectively.
6. At the end, the frame is covered with a film, which is attached to the beam using a lath stuffed on top. All sharp parts on the wood are rounded off or covered with a soft material so that the film does not tear during operation.

• Assembly difficulty: high.
• Foundation: necessary.
• Price: high.
• Variations: the foundation can be made of wooden beams or use steel reinforcement, angle or pipes driven into the ground.

The most popular and modern version greenhouses. This design is much more expensive than others and is difficult to manufacture, but it will last for decades. Polycarbonate can withstand the open sun for 10–12 years, and the frame is made of profile steel pipe practically eternal.

1. The standard size of polycarbonate is 2,100 × 6,000 mm, so it is convenient to cut it into four or two parts with dimensions of 2.1 × 1.5 m or 2.1 × 3 m, respectively. Such pieces will be optimal for a greenhouse measuring 3 × 6 meters.

2. For reliable fastening and distribution of wind loads, a foundation is made under the greenhouse. This can be a shallow strip foundation, a frame made of antiseptic-treated wooden beams, or steel corners driven into the ground.

YouTube channel of Evgeniy Kolomakin

3. The design of the greenhouse consists of an arch, which is formed using arcs from a profiled steel pipe 20 × 20 mm, located at a distance of one meter from each other.

4. The arcs are fastened together by longitudinal sections from the same pipe, which are connected by welding.

5. A door is installed at the front end: a frame measuring 1.85 × 1 m is welded from a pipe, which is attached to the frame on hinges. A window for ventilation measuring 1 × 1 m is made according to the same principle and is located at the rear end.

6. Covering with polycarbonate begins from the ends. The sheet is cut in half, attached to the profile using special self-tapping screws with thermal washers, and then trimmed along the contour of the arc sharp knife. After this, the side wall sheets are installed.

techkomplect.ru

• Assembly difficulty: average.
• Foundation: not required.
• Price: not tall.

A simpler and more affordable option for a polycarbonate greenhouse. It does not use expensive metal pipe that needs to be welded. And galvanized profiles for plasterboard systems are used as frame material. They are easily cut with metal scissors and fastened with ordinary self-tapping screws.

1. When choosing sizes, as usual, we start from the parameters of polycarbonate sheets. Since the profiles lose rigidity when bent, it is better to choose a gable greenhouse rather than an arched one.
2. By analogy with arches made of a metal pipe, a frame made of galvanized profile is assembled from ribs in the form of a house.
3. The assembled modules are installed on a frame made of wooden beams and tied together with sections of profiles. Doors and a window for ventilation are made in the front and rear walls.
4. At the end, the frame is sheathed with polycarbonate sheets, which are secured using special self-tapping screws with plastic thermal washers.

juliana.ru

• Assembly difficulty: high.
• Foundation: necessary.
• Price: high.
• Variations: To make the structure lighter, you can make the top from polycarbonate or film.

The most correct, but rather labor-intensive and expensive option for a greenhouse. The main advantage of glass is excellent light transmittance and durability. However, due to the heavy weight of the structure, a strong metal frame and foundation are required. In addition to arranging a strip foundation, the difficulty also lies in the need to use welding.

1. Regarding the choice of sizes glass greenhouse no exception - everything is strictly individual and taking into account the available materials.
2. The impressive weight of glass and metal frame requires a full foundation. Usually a trench 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide is dug around the perimeter, wooden formwork 20 cm high is installed on top and the whole thing is filled with concrete. Also, before pouring, anchor bolts are inserted into the formwork to secure the frame.
3. A metal channel or corner is attached to the resulting base using anchors. Then racks 1.6–1.8 m high are welded to this frame from two folded corners 45 × 45 mm. At the top they are fastened with longitudinal sections of the corner.
4. Next, rafters from the same double corners are placed on the resulting box. At the bottom they are welded to the posts, and at the top - to another corner, which acts as a ridge beam.
5. A door is inserted into one of the walls, and a window is installed in the lid or wall for ventilation.
6. The glass is installed in the frames obtained by using double corners and secured with homemade gluers - thin aluminum or steel plates bent in the shape of the letter Z. The gluer is attached to the corner with one hook, and to the glass with the second.

pinterest.com

• Assembly difficulty: high.
• Foundation: desirable.
• Price: high.
• Variations: the film can be replaced with polycarbonate or glass, and the frame can be made of profiles or pipes.

A domed or geodesic greenhouse attracts primarily with its unusual appearance: it consists entirely of many triangles and hexagons. Other advantages include high structural strength and best light transmittance. The disadvantage is geodesic dome one is the difficulty of manufacturing.

1. The dimensions of such a greenhouse are selected individually, based on the required area. Since the frame design is quite complex, calculations are the most time-consuming part of the project.
2. In order not to get confused and take into account all the nuances, it is convenient to carry out the calculation using a special calculator. In it you can set the dimensions, select the “thickness” of the frame and get a list of all the necessary parts for assembly with dimensions, as well as their approximate cost.
3. Regardless of its dimensions, a domed greenhouse is highly durable and is not afraid of winds, so there is no need to make a foundation for it. However, since the construction of a structure is very labor-intensive, it is rational to extend its service life and equip a lightweight strip foundation for attaching the frame.
4. The ribs of the structure consist of triangles, which, in turn, are assembled from a wooden lath according to a template. First you need to prepare required quantity such triangles.
5. The greenhouse is assembled like a magnetic construction set from childhood. Starting from the bottom, rows of triangles are assembled one after another, which are fastened together using self-tapping screws and form a dome. If everything is calculated correctly, it will close at the top and will be perfectly shaped.
6. One of the triangles in the roof is made folding or removable to provide ventilation. The door is either installed in the shape of a polygon, or made in a traditional shape with a mortise frame.
7. The film covers the finished dome or is stretched over each triangle at the assembly stage. In the first case, it will be easier to replace the film when it breaks. The second one gives a more aesthetic appearance. Which one to choose - decide for yourself.

As a rule, planting is done in the spring, but you need to take care of the conditions, in particular we are talking about protection from low temperatures. Especially when it comes to vegetables.

Greenhouses and greenhouses do an excellent job with this task. Let's see how to make it from almost improvised materials below.

How is a greenhouse different from a greenhouse?

Before delving into the question of how to make a greenhouse, let's determine what is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse:

• A greenhouse is used for growing seedlings and further planting them in open beds; plants can be kept in a greenhouse all year round;
• The required level of temperature in the greenhouse is maintained due to the presence of compost or manure in the soil; in the greenhouse there is an additional, third-party source of heating;
• It is possible to grow trees in a greenhouse, but this cannot be done in a greenhouse.

What types of greenhouses are there?

The greenhouse can be stationary or portable (a photo of a greenhouse at the dacha is shown below).

A stationary greenhouse can have any shape, the most common model is the butterfly (it got its name due to the doors that open on both sides).

Portable, often in the form of a tunnel. The main material in both cases is polymer film.

From all this it follows that it is quite possible to make a greenhouse with your own hands; this is the same creative process as growing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.

Material selection

Before we consider how to make a greenhouse with our own hands, we will deal with the issue of choosing a material.

When choosing a material, it must be taken into account that it must meet the following requirements:

• good throughput Sveta;
• Resistance to various kinds deformations due to strong gusts of wind, for example;
• Easy to install and assemble the entire structure;
• Durability.

As for the materials used, the cheapest, and most importantly practical, is film, and here are its types:

• polyethylene;
• stabilized film;
• polyvinyl chloride

Covering materials include:

• agril;
• lutrasil.

In order to finally decide and understand which material is preferable, it is necessary to compare them and consider the pros and cons of each.

Glass

The advantages of glass include: it transmits approximately 94% of light, lasts a long time, and retains heat.

The disadvantages: it gets very hot in the summer, there is a heavy load on the main frame.

Film

The advantages of this material include: low cost, low weight, no foundation required.

Pay attention!

Disadvantages: fragility, difficult to wash.

Polycarbonate

Pros: transmits light well, high level thermal insulation, lightweight and durable.

What to use to make a greenhouse frame

The frame is a kind of base for a greenhouse; most often it is made of wood or plastic, less often of metal pipes.

Wooden frame

The main advantage is its environmental friendliness. It is also worth noting that it is very simple in terms of installation.

For installation you will need the following tools: hammer, screwdriver, saw, nails, rubber as a sealing element, wooden beams, ruler.

Pay attention!

It is advisable to cover the wooden elements of the future structure with drying oil before the installation process.

Execution Sequence

First of all, a beam is attached to the mortgage fastening; it will then become the base. Then the main beam is placed around the perimeter of the foundation, and everything is temporarily secured with nails.

Lateral and corner beams are fastened with timber diagonally. The door frame is installed to the side posts. The cornice is attached to the top of the side and corner beams.

Roof

In the area of ​​the points where the vertical beams are fixed, it is necessary to remove a beam, the length of which is 2 m. The roof beams must be fastened at an angle of 30 degrees, they are connected to each other by a beam. In the area of ​​the end points they must be supported by vertical guides.

The final fastening of the roof frame is done using corners and strips on self-tapping screws.

Pay attention!

Doorway

First attached door frame. Do not forget that in the middle and upper parts the opening is secured with special stiffeners.

Application of metal pipes

A greenhouse, as mentioned above, can be made from metal pipes, and also with your own hands. This design is more wear-resistant.

You will need: a welding machine, a hammer, a grinder, a special attachment for working with metal (disc).

The pipe is divided into two equal parts. Tees are welded to the edges of the base pipe, and crosspieces are welded every half meter. The cut elements must be welded to the crosspieces.

Special tees are attached to the arch to secure the door pillar.

Covering the greenhouse

Once the frame is ready, you can start covering.

Film

The easiest material to use is film. It is necessary to cover the entire structure, leaving a margin of 15 cm, and then cut it off.

Polycarbonate

The front side of the polycarbonate is the one where the drawing is depicted. First you need to cut the sheets. Seal the sections with sealing tape on top and perforated tape on the bottom.

First, the polycarbonate is attached to the top, then to the sides. It is attached to the frame with a special profile, as well as rubber gaskets.

Finally, the seal and door hardware are installed.

Ventilation

In greenhouses, in order to create ventilation (airing), you just need to open the doors, but it is advisable to do this in warm weather.

A greenhouse is an indispensable thing for a gardener who is going to harvest a large harvest of tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables in the future. By approaching the design wisely and following all the instructions, everything will definitely work out.

DIY greenhouse photo

Every owner summer cottage sooner or later he wonders how to increase the productivity of the garden and optimize financial and physical costs. As a rule, it is after this that they begin to consider the available greenhouses with their own hands: the best projects and the features of their implementation. This article will discuss successful designs greenhouses, materials for construction and covering, as well as a detailed description of the construction process.

Before you begin building a greenhouse, you need to decide on several fundamental aspects that will determine the size, type and location of the structure. First of all, you should think about what you plan to grow in it. For example, a greenhouse for tomatoes should correspond in height to the growth of adult plants, while growing exclusively seedlings does not require a large structure.

Another important point is the material from which the construction will be carried out. The most popular option, which is used in most cases, is wood. But today, wood has given way to lighter and more affordable modern materials, such as plastic pipes and covering material. But this does not mean that wooden frames were abandoned altogether. Wooden and metal greenhouses can still be found quite often.

In addition, give the area a neat appearance The symmetrical arrangement of all buildings, fences and paths will help. But the most important thing is that the greenhouse is positioned correctly and does not cover the windows of the house, does not block the passage, etc.

Do-it-yourself wooden greenhouses and greenhouses: photos, instructions and material features

Wood is one of the most affordable and popular materials, which is used for various constructions. Of course, it cannot be denied that it is wood that is more susceptible to influence than all other materials. external factors however, this does not stop many owners summer cottages who want to build a greenhouse with their own hands.

Soft wood species are acceptable for the construction of temporary structures. In this case, pine, alder, spruce, aspen or linden are suitable. For more reliable and permanent structures, it is better to use other deciduous trees or swamp cypress, larch.

In the process of constructing a greenhouse, the frame of which is made of wood, it is very important to prepare a reliable foundation that will become solid foundation structures.

Foundation options for a greenhouse and a greenhouse for a do-it-yourself cottage

Depending on the design features, you can make one or another version of the foundation that will be suitable for this type of structure:

• foundation from railway sleepers or timber. To do this, you need to prepare a trench into which sleepers or timber are laid. All these elements are connected using metal brackets. Then, the finished greenhouse frame is installed on top;

• for places where there is often windy weather, it is preferable to install columnar foundation. Due to the presence of a concrete base, this structure can withstand severe wind loads, and even hurricanes. For this purpose, pipes with a diameter of more than 20 cm will be required. They are dug in to a depth of 90 to 120 cm so that they do not freeze during the cold season;
• a block foundation is another solution to the issue of installing a foundation for a greenhouse or greenhouse. In this case, sand and gravel are first poured into a pre-prepared trench, and then concrete blocks. It's all poured in cement mortar and then a frame of beams is attached on top;
• Strip foundations are practically not used for greenhouses, since they are designed for more severe loads. In a not too deep trench there is a concrete pad 30-50 cm thick. The main advantage of this option is its extremely long service life, which allows you to change structures by installing them on the same base.

Assembling a greenhouse frame with your own hands

Having figured out the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse, and having installed the type of foundation that is suitable for you, you can proceed directly to the construction of the frame itself. As mentioned earlier, there are several options that you can implement yourself, for example, an arched or gable design. It all depends on your preferences, as well as the characteristics of the area where the installation will be carried out.

Most often in dachas you can find rectangular greenhouses or greenhouses with a gable roof. Making wooden greenhouses with your own hands is quite simple, and their use will be quite comfortable if you think through all the nuances.

Features of each stage of construction. How to choose and secure covering material. Advantages of PVC pipe structures.

Installation always begins with the installation of a support beam, which is attached to the foundation and is usually somewhat thicker than the rest of the wood used for the frame itself. In this case, all elements are necessarily treated with a protective antiseptic.

All fastenings must be reliable, so you can use reinforcement, anchor or metal bolts for this purpose. Another important aspect is the integrity of the timber, which is used as a base. It must be solid, without cracks or signs of rotting, since the stability of the structure depends on this.

The construction of a wooden greenhouse with your own hands is carried out according to the drawing you choose. But, in general, the scheme of work is as follows: it is necessary to assemble two side and two end walls, which are then fastened together with screws, corners, metal profiles or clamps.

When the “box” is ready, you can proceed to installing the rafters. Their number depends on your preferences, however, it is worth understanding that the more there are, the easier it will be to attach the covering material and the stronger the structure in general will be.

When all the rafters are secured, you can proceed to the installation of the roof ridge, which is attached to the upper groove of the rafters. At the same stage, it is worth securing the wind boards, for which the side grooves of the rafters are provided. You can see more details on how exactly to do this in the drawing or diagram. All these elements must be made of solid material.

The final stage of construction can be called the installation of a doorway, as well as a window, which is provided for ventilation. After this, all that remains is to cover the frame with covering material, and you can begin operation.

Useful advice! One of the most effective ways protection against rodents - lay a chain-link mesh with small cells under the greenhouse. This must be done before installing the frame.

The most convenient DIY greenhouses. Photos of models made of polycarbonate and plastic pipes

One of the modern and inexpensive options for building a greenhouse is the use of plastic pipes. Depending on the manufacturing technology, they are divided into polypropylene, metal-plastic and PVC.

The last option is slightly cheaper than all the others. But metal-plastic ones, although the most expensive, can provide a much higher level of strength. Therefore, in this case, you should be guided by your preferences and financial capabilities. As an example, you can look at photos of greenhouses in the country with your own hands.

The main advantages of a plastic greenhouse frame over a wooden one are ease of installation and the ability to give the structure any shape. As in the case of a wooden one, construction must begin with choosing a location and preparing the site. Having decided on the purpose and size of the greenhouse, you can proceed to drawing the diagram and purchasing the appropriate amount of necessary materials.

Often structures made from plastic pipes are made temporary, since they can be easily dismantled and reassembled several times. The type of foundation that needs to be laid depends on whether the greenhouse is stationary or collapsible. In the first case, it is better to use tape or columnar. For a temporary structure, you can not make a foundation at all, but simply dig in metal pins and reinforce the site with boards.

Using pins, the base is made as follows:

1. Strong metal pins are dug into the ground. They should protrude approximately 30 cm above the ground surface.
2. One edge of the pipe is placed on the pin.
3. The pipe is bent in such a way that the second edge can also be put on the pin, which is dug parallel to the first.

How to economically build a greenhouse with your own hands from plastic pipes

Anyone can make a simple greenhouse with their own hands without any special financial investment or effort. To do this, you just need to purchase all the necessary materials, according to the selected drawing and follow a fairly simple algorithm:

1. After the base arcs are installed, it is necessary to fasten them together. To do this, you need to use a pipe, the length of which will correspond to the length of the entire greenhouse.
2. A long pipe (or two short ones, fastened together) is located in the center of the arches standing on the base, and is fixed as tightly as possible with clamps or ropes. At this point, the frame assembly can be considered certified.
3. It is best to use polycarbonate or polyethylene film as a coating. In the first case, the thickness of the polycarbonate should be at least 4 mm, and the sheet size can be any, since this material can be easily cut and adjusted to the size of the greenhouse. In the second case, the film is cut into strips and attached to the arches using double-sided tape, stationery binders or special fastenings for pipes
4. Fastening polycarbonate or film must be overlapped. To connect sheets, you can use self-tapping screws with wide heads or thermal washers. The main thing is to pay due attention to sealing the joints. You can use a special tape for this.

You can build small ones for greenery with your own hands from scrap materials

Greenhouse made of covering material: which is better, polycarbonate or film

The technical and operational characteristics of polycarbonate have allowed it to take a leading position among the materials used to create greenhouses and greenhouses. It is quite simple to cut and attach, and at the same time it is resistant to external factors. In addition, it has excellent light transmission, providing plants with the necessary amount of sunlight.

It is worth considering that this durable and reliable material is significantly more expensive than the usual and affordable polyethylene film, which is still widely used to cover greenhouses.

Anyone can figure out how to cover a greenhouse with film. The main thing is to fasten it to the frame as securely as possible and fix it at the bottom by sprinkling the edges with earth and laying heavy boards or bricks. When deciding which film to choose for a greenhouse, you should first of all be guided by its strength. But in any case, most likely, it will not last more than one season. The price of greenhouse film is affordable, so you can replace it without much difficulty or investment.

As for the features of fastening polycarbonate, it is worth noting the presence of several in various ways. So, in addition to ordinary self-tapping screws, you can use aluminum staples or special plastic earrings.

Another option is to use profiles for this purpose. In this case, you need to drill holes in advance that will allow you to attach the coating to the metal frame.

Useful advice! The use of thermal washers in the process of fastening polycarbonate is a mandatory measure, since this is what allows the material to maintain its integrity and prevents condensation.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse from window frames: how to arrange a place for growing seedlings

In garden plots you can often find small greenhouses made from old window frames. Of course, such a design is unlikely to be suitable for growing tall and large crops, but it will be more than useful as a do-it-yourself greenhouse for seedlings.

The main advantage of this option is financial savings. All you need are old window frames. If they have glass, you can leave them and use them instead of the standard coating. If the frames are empty, then after installation they can be covered plastic film or insert cut polycarbonate sheets.

Even for such a small and light greenhouse, it is necessary to prepare the foundation in advance. For this purpose, a wooden frame made of boards or timber is installed. A 50x50 mm beam or a board 40 mm thick is best suited for this purpose.

The frame will consist of racks, as well as an upper and lower harness, which are made from identical boards. The racks, in this case, must be installed at such a distance from each other that the window frame can fit between them.

Timber is best suited for the roof, as it is more durable and minimizes the risk of greenhouse destruction under the weight of snow in winter time. Also, they are more durable gable structures, which is also worth considering.

As for attaching the frames themselves to the supports, this can be done using nails and screws. You need to fix it on all four sides, both from the outside and from the outside. inside. All remaining cracks must be sealed using polyurethane foam.

Like the walls of the greenhouse, it is best to cover the roof with polycarbonate or cover it with film. This will provide the plants with the maximum amount of light.

Useful advice! It is best to start installing the coating from the roof, gradually moving down. Otherwise, you risk damaging already coated areas by touching them during the work process.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse under a film made of galvanized steel profile

Profile is another material that has recently become actively used for the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses. The main advantage of this method is the ability to give the structure any shape and size, without being limited to any standard sizes.

Useful advice! In order to build a beautiful and reliable greenhouse with your own hands from a profile, videos, calculations and step-by-step photo instructions offered on the Internet can serve you well. Do not neglect the advice of specialists, as well as the recommendations of users who have already had to work with such buildings before.

To work, you will need the following tools: a measuring tape, a building level and a plumb line, scissors designed for working with metal and a screwdriver.

Installation of the frame begins with fixing the guide profile, which is attached to the foundation using self-tapping screws. One upper beam must connect all sections, which must be at such a distance that the structure is sufficiently rigid. As a rule, the pitch is a third and a fourth of the length of the polycarbonate sheet.

Using the same principle, you can make a galvanized greenhouse under the film. You just need to think in advance about how to attach the film to the greenhouse. Otherwise, the technology is no different from that used for wooden structures and greenhouses made of plastic pipes.

Very often, galvanized profiles are used for greenhouses for tomatoes. It is quite simple to build it with your own hands, and at the same time the structure has the proper strength. Moreover, every summer resident, interested in the question of how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse, will definitely be faced with the fact that the temperature in a greenhouse for tomatoes should not drop too low. Therefore, it may be worth thinking about a heating system at the design and construction stage.

How to care for the structure and how to prepare the greenhouse for planting

Regardless of whether you chose a greenhouse under film or a more fundamental structure using polycarbonate, before you start planting, you need to carry out a number of procedures. First of all, this concerns the preparation of soil and beds in a greenhouse with your own hands. Photos and diagrams of how to correctly arrange everything inside clearly demonstrate that by calculating everything in advance, you can ensure convenience and ease of working with plants.

When wondering how to treat a greenhouse in the spring before planting, it is worth studying in detail all possible methods in order to protect the plants and the building. First of all, it must be a high-quality antiseptic that will destroy all dangerous microorganisms living in the soil.

When considering the question of which is better, a greenhouse or a greenhouse, it is also worth considering that the first option is often installed on open ground, and from year to year the structure can be moved to a new location. But the greenhouse is a stationary structure, and it will not be possible to move it without effort.

Another important point is how to make beds in a greenhouse. Here you need to start from what kind of crop you plan to grow. For example, if you start building a greenhouse for peppers with your own hands, then the width of the bed should be at least 80 cm. At the same time, the paths should be thought out in such a way as to provide free access to each plant.

The most convenient DIY greenhouse: video instructions for making

After watching the video, a DIY greenhouse will no longer seem like an impossible task. By following simple recommendations, you can easily make a greenhouse with your own hands from covering material that will meet all your needs and is perfect for effectively growing vegetable crops.

It is no secret that for any summer resident it is a source of pride, and sometimes even self-affirmation. Real masters of dacha business build winter oases with a variety of flowers and plants. Many of them are created according to individual sketches.. Be patient and have pencils to draw a drawing of the greenhouse you like for yourself. We will tell you what you can use to build something that will be the envy of your neighbors, what materials are best suited for these purposes, how you can use PVC and other seemingly unnecessary elements to build the best warm house for flowers and vegetables.

Read in the article

Types of greenhouses and greenhouses with photos of DIY projects

The most popular greenhouse configurations are arched or gable. When choosing this or that configuration, the specifics of the plants that you plan to grow there play an important role. Arched structures are more suitable for low-growing plants: peppers, tomatoes, eggplants. But gable, on the contrary, grapes and so on.

For flowers, you can choose a more interesting design. Their advantage is that plants can be hung on flowerpots, then the shape and configuration of the greenhouse can be absolutely any.

The first and most important way a greenhouse differs from a greenhouse is the lack of heating in winter period. The greenhouse design is purely seasonal. However, in the southern regions, where all year round The temperature is above zero, greenhouses are used constantly.

If the weather permits and you have a passion for design, you can create a greenhouse like this for flowers and small plants of a non-standard design. You can use scrap materials, plastic pipes and bottles, anything that is lying idle.

There are also ready-made samples that can be bought at any large supermarket for gardeners.

Review of the best projects for building mini-greenhouses with your own hands

An interesting solution for gardeners is offered by the Eco-plast company. The mini-greenhouses of this company are equipped with a forced ventilation system. They are very good to post on. Greenhouses under the Sun Tunnel brand will ensure maximum seed germination with the first rays of the spring sun

You can repeat a similar idea with pallets yourself. It is enough to provide the plants with decent air, organize compartments for planting seeds, and create draft using an ordinary penny fan.

For your information! In such a ventilated, on the one hand, but sufficiently heated, on the other, compartment, the plants not only become active and begin to grow, but are also maximally protected from pests due to the tight fit of the protective cover to the tray.

Very often, an economical mini-greenhouse is installed against the walls. Firstly, it saves material consumption, and secondly, it simplifies the procedure.

Advantages of winter greenhouses:

• Foundation. The advantage of winter greenhouses is its permanent foundation. Most often with the possibility of heating. Typically, stronger and more massive materials are used, which in itself makes the structure more stable and durable.
• Space. Winter greenhouses are most often installed for a reason, but for the purpose of making a profit. That is why, in order to recoup the costs of heating and maintenance, most farmers do not save on space.

• Division into zones. Possibility of individual selection of planting sites depending on frost resistance. Some crops require more heat, and therefore heating, and some require less.

Review of the best projects for DIY greenhouse heating

There are a variety of heating options. However, if you really want to harvest, then simply heating the air will not be enough.

Advice! The main condition high yield in winter - provide the plants with warm soil.

Heating options:

In what places are greenhouses and greenhouses installed?

Choice right place for a greenhouse – almost 50% success. Before you start planning the site, decide for yourself:

• Whether the greenhouse will be seasonal or not;
• Is there enough light in your area?
• At what level is groundwater located? Being too close will ruin all your efforts. The root system of plants will simply die from the abundance of moisture.
• Is there wind on the site;

Advice! The site must be leveled if the soil is loose and the greenhouse can “slip” or sag. It is better to compact the soil.

What materials are used to make a greenhouse or greenhouse with your own hands?

What to look for when choosing material for a greenhouse or greenhouse:

• good light transmission;
• resistance to deformation, for example to winds;
• ease of installation and assembly;
• durability.

What materials is the frame made of?

Modern construction technologies make it possible to use different materials for arranging the frame: from traditional wood to modern polypropylene. However, if you decide to use wood, remember that this is a rather difficult material to maintain. Over time, it can dry out, rot, and sag.

Advice! When installing a greenhouse with wooden frame, it must be installed on a concrete base to prevent contact with the ground.

How to build a stationary wooden greenhouse from timber with your own hands

We will tell you how to build a polycarbonate greenhouse on a wooden base with your own hands in simple step-by-step instructions.

Illustration	Description of action
	We make markings for the width of the shelter. We begin assembling the frame from the corners, using reinforcing elements.
	We fix the corners on.
	In addition to the base. We begin assembling the frame for the roof base. We also use corners here.
	We reinforce the frame with transverse guides.
	We begin assembling the doors. We use regular corners, hinges and fittings.
	For a gable greenhouse, the process of covering with corrugated sheets usually starts from the roof. To do this, we mark the polypropylene in advance.
	We do the same with the sidewalls. The main thing is to reduce the number of “cold bridges” by laying the layers slightly overlapping.

How to make a dismountable seasonal wooden greenhouse with your own hands

This is a relatively small structure, which is very simple to build.

Unfortunately, not the entire territory of Russia is conducive to growing your own vegetables and fruits for many months. In most climatic zones of the country, the dacha season is extremely short, while many people strive to grow as many crops as possible on their plot for subsequent harvesting. In this connection, gardeners and gardeners willingly use greenhouses, with the help of which the growing season is extended, which makes it possible to harvest an earlier and more abundant harvest. In some cases, if you have a well-built greenhouse, self-grown crops can be consumed all year round.

Of course, for these purposes it is necessary to take into account a number of features, which we will discuss in detail in this article.

Peculiarities

A greenhouse built with one’s own hands always warms the gardener’s soul. The design can be the most different sizes and shapes, and homemade greenhouses are no worse in use and functionality. The device can be easily viewed in diagrams and drawings; materials for manufacturing may be different. Often, fiberglass reinforcement is used as a frame; there are also no problems with removable covering material - mainly polyethylene film, glass or polycarbonate. Taking into account all these features, it is possible to erect such a structure on a site in one weekend, and homemade buildings are in no way inferior in quality to those purchased in a store.

Pros and cons

Convenient homemade greenhouses are very popular among summer residents. An undoubted advantage is the fact that a self-made greenhouse at the dacha will be relatively cheap. A budget greenhouse can be made from different materials, the most important thing is to equip it with an opening roof and take care of the quality of lighting for plants. Speaking about the disadvantages, of course, it should be taken into account that you will have to spend time studying the types and designs, as well as familiarizing yourself with the drawings and construction plans at the dacha.

Species

Greenhouses are designed taking into account the botanical characteristics of the plant species for whose needs the greenhouse is being built. These also include the amount of light transmitted and the temperature inside. The greenhouse can be either year-round or used during a certain season. In general, all types of greenhouses are suitable for growing a variety of crops - be it Chinese cabbage or flowers.

At first glance, greenhouses can be divided into the following categories:

• single-pitched;
• gable;
• teardrop-shaped;

• dome;
• polygonal;
• Dutch.

• In most cases, pitched roofs are used in the construction of greenhouses or winter gardens, since this type of building has a passage. As a result, you can easily enter the premises without regard to weather conditions. This type of greenhouse is best installed on the south side of a residential building.
• Greenhouses with gable roofs are very popular in our country and in at the moment are the most common design.
• A teardrop-shaped greenhouse is a very durable structure, perfectly transmits sunlight, does not retain precipitation in the form of snow on the surface, but it is quite difficult to install, so such greenhouses are rarely made independently.
• The dome greenhouse has an impressive appearance and does not require a lot of materials, but its main advantage is that, due to its design features, it can be installed in areas with seismic hazard. The main tasks during construction are good sealing and high-quality insulation.

• Polygonal greenhouses are pleasing to the eye, transmit light well and are not afraid of gusty winds. The difficulty during installation is that it is necessary to carefully organize the space in order to evenly distribute the heat inside.
• The Dutch version of greenhouses is reliable and durable. Due to the sloping walls, sunlight penetrates inside, which can significantly increase the yield. Among other things, this option is also quite budget-friendly.
• IN lately The so-called “booths” - a greenhouse that looks like a tunnel - have become widespread among summer residents. Most often it is erected for growing tomatoes and peppers. This type of greenhouse is functional, convenient, does not require large expenses, and allows you to consistently receive good harvest, which allows us to call it optimal view self-built on the site.

Greenhouses are also divided according to the principle of movement:

• folding;
• stationary.

Folding greenhouses began to gain popularity relatively recently. Their advantage is that the lightweight frame can be easily folded and moved to another place in the garden if necessary. At the same time, the greenhouse itself is very ergonomic and has a low cost, which is what deserves the attention of summer residents.

Stationary greenhouses, on the contrary, have long become classics of the genre. To install a structure of this type, you will need an underground foundation and a metal frame. Many people have long preferred this type of greenhouse, since over many years of operation in a wide variety of conditions, these structures have gained fame as strong and durable devices. There are no particular difficulties in installing such a greenhouse; maintaining it is also quite easy.

Greenhouses can also be divided according to the type of initial characteristics - these types of greenhouses are named after the name of their creator:

• greenhouse according to Kurdyumov;
• greenhouse according to "Mitlider".

Kurdyumov's greenhouse is an autonomous unit, otherwise it is called “smart”. This design is distinguished by the ability to automatically maintain the temperature inside itself; a special advantage is the presence of drip irrigation of plants, which does not require human intervention. This type of structure supports the possibility of natural restoration of soil in beds or containers with plants. Mitlider greenhouses are considered a special subspecies of greenhouses. Its distinctive features are know-how in indoor air ventilation systems, a special arrangement of the frame - beams and spacers create a durable structure for the covering material. Typically, such greenhouses are located from east to west, which opens up wide opportunities for plants to perceive sunlight.

Natural boards are usually used as the main material for a Mittleider greenhouse., which allows you to “breathe” and prevents the formation of condensation. As a rule, such greenhouses have large size, which provides an additional opportunity to create a special microclimate for the plants inside. Typically, a greenhouse looks like a low structure with gable roof with a difference in height. Another possible option is an arched building with a two-level roof.

Another option for greenhouses is a three-row greenhouse. As a rule, such buildings occupy a medium or large area; the beds in them are located in three levels, with two passages located between them.

A farm greenhouse consists of a metal frame over which a film covering is stretched. This type of greenhouse is very popular among the population because it is low cost, moisture-proof and resistant to influence. environment.

Many summer residents fell in love with the spherical greenhouse for its unusual appearance and excellent transmission of sunlight.

Characteristics

When choosing consumables For future construction, be sure to pay attention to what time of year the greenhouse will be primarily used.

Winter greenhouses must be equipped with a heating system, it is better to install them close to the heating system of the house. In another case, as additional equipment, you can install a stove in the greenhouse room, but this will create additional difficulties - the stove requires additional attention, it needs to be heated and, most importantly, to ensure that it does not overheat, which is fraught with temperature fluctuations. A winter greenhouse must be installed on a solid foundation; among other things, this type of construction requires additional strengthening of the frame and roof to avoid possible damage due to heavy snowfalls.

There is also the opportunity to build a so-called “thermos greenhouse” on the site - this structure can boast of being particularly durable, since its foundation goes two meters into the ground. However, installing such a structure has a number of additional difficulties - it is necessary to dig a pit, the foundation must be separately reinforced to avoid deformation, thermal blocks are usually used as a material for walls, which will subsequently need to be insulated. All this is quite expensive, so such greenhouses are rarely found on personal plots.

Summer greenhouses in the vast majority of cases consist of a frame on which a polyethylene film is stretched. This option outer skin is the most budget-friendly, and with careful use, the film is quite capable of lasting two seasons.

Creating the simplest greenhouse on your summer cottage with your own hands requires certain preparatory work.

The first thing to take care of is preparing the site for construction. Try to choose an area that is as level as possible; it is also highly desirable that there are no obstacles to the sun’s rays. Next, the site is properly compacted. If a tree is chosen as the base, then the prepared boards are treated with an antiseptic solution and knocked down around the perimeter. Reinforcement is installed in the corners of the boxes as additional reinforcement. If for some reason it is not possible to select separate place for the construction of a greenhouse, alternative option one wall of the greenhouse will be adjacent to any building - it could be a residential building or some kind of utility room.

When choosing materials for the frame, it is necessary to take into account all their characteristics. We must not forget that the frame itself and the doors must have special strength so that the structure cannot be damaged by winds, temperature fluctuations and snow masses during the winter period. None of the frame elements should be massive and prevent the penetration of light. If a collapsible structure is intended, it should consist of lightweight materials and be able to be dismantled without additional effort.

Frames for greenhouses can be made of the following materials.

• Tree– the most environmentally friendly and easy-to-use material that does not require the use of any professional equipment and does not require specialized skills during the work. Since wood tends to rot, special attention should be paid to its pre-treatment.
• Aluminum profiles involve the creation of a rigid but light frame, while it is durable. This material has a higher cost; its use requires the use of equipment to fasten the parts together.
• Plastic(as well as metal-plastic) parts have a low specific gravity, are quite durable, and are not subject to external influences such as rotting or corrosive changes. Due to its flexibility, it is possible to change the shape of the parts, which provides ample opportunities for creating greenhouses with arches or two slopes. But it must be taken into account that plastic elements must be attached to the foundation or soil.

• Steel frames are also quite widespread, but they require a strip foundation. If the elements are galvanized, they will last longer as they are not subject to rust and corrosion.
• Drywall It is a successful combination of light weight material and ease of work. Practice shows that a frame made of this type of material is inexpensive, easy to use, lasts a long time and is easy to disassemble. It is used to create gable and arched greenhouses, as well as Mittlaider greenhouses.

Sometimes window frames are used as frames - which are characterized by excellent thermal insulation and relative ease of installation. However, it is worth considering their relative fragility - even with careful care, their service life is unlikely to exceed five years.

The next step in the greenhouse construction process is after choosing suitable place is the choice of a suitable foundation. Its type directly depends on the weight of the planned structure, since in most cases the greenhouse frame weighs little, and the covering material additionally adds windage to the building, which often causes destruction due to strong gusts of wind.

• A brick foundation is easy to install, reliable and quite suitable for most greenhouses. But it is necessary to take into account that laying a brick foundation requires specific skills and is quite expensive.
• Stone foundations are rightfully the most durable and strong. You can install heavy metal frames on it. This option cannot be called a budget option; as a rule, foundations for permanent greenhouses are created from stone.

• Concrete is inexpensive and hardens quite quickly, but requires the creation of formwork and frame fastenings.
• Wood is often used as a foundation, but it is worth considering that wooden base not suitable for capital construction, as it is unlikely to last longer than five years even with the most careful care.
• In some cases, when constructing a greenhouse, it is quite possible to do without a foundation. We are talking about portable greenhouses small size, the windage of which is reduced by attaching directly to the ground with small pegs.

When choosing a coating material, it is necessary to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of different types of materials.

Basically, the following options are used:

• polyethylene film;
• glass;
• polycarbonate

The most affordable type of covering material is stretch film, however, it cannot boast of durability and even the highest quality coatings require replacement every three years. A greenhouse with arches or bows is usually covered with two layers of film, which creates excellent conditions for the plants inside the building. The material is highly permeable sun rays, but for the same reason it is subject to rapid wear and, as a result, a decrease in light transmittance. In addition, very often condensation forms on the inner surface, which can also be attributed to the disadvantages of this type of coating. There are also options for polyethylene film, additionally equipped with reinforcement. This option is stronger, more resistant to gusts of wind and will last longer.

Glass can safely be classified as a traditionally used material when making greenhouses with your own hands. Glass coatings are durable and have excellent thermal insulation, but it should be remembered that glass heats up very quickly and at the same time weighs quite a lot. Replacing broken glass is a particular challenge.

Polycarbonate is a type of hard, transparent plastic, the structure of which is a material with large cells. It has sufficient impact resistance and light transmittance, and is very flexible, so it is suitable for constructing greenhouses with an arched vault or in the form of a tunnel. Since this type of coating consists of air-filled cells, it can be argued that it is the most heat-insulating among all possible options.

When considering this type of covering for a potential greenhouse, also consider the following disadvantages:

• when exposed to sunlight, the material will inevitably deteriorate;
• when conducting installation work do not forget that polycarbonate tends to expand greatly when heated;
• in the absence of protective elements at the attachment points, the honeycombs of the material will quickly fill with dust or mold, which will render the coating unusable.

When fastening, also consider the following features:

• install the material in such a way that water can flow along the longitudinal strips from the inside;
• there is an ultraviolet filter on one side of the material - this side should be located outside the greenhouse;
• fasten the polycarbonate on specialized self-tapping screws with a thermal washer on them, pre-drill holes in the sheets.

Also take note of the following rules:

• Only transparent polycarbonate is suitable as a covering material. Despite the great aesthetic appeal of the colored one, it transmits the sun's rays much worse, which can lead to the greenhouse not fulfilling its intended purpose.
• Be sure to check the presence of a layer with a UV filter.
• Choose the layer thickness depending on the season in which the greenhouse will be used. In summer and autumn, the thickness of the sheets should be approximately 10-15 mm, in winter - at least 15 mm. Also, this value directly correlates with the strength of the frame - the greater the thickness, the stronger the supporting structure should be.
• When connecting sheets, use special profiles; the use of nails is strictly prohibited.
• Sheets cannot be overlapped.
• Pay attention to the components and do not try to save money on them - the use of an end profile and end strips will significantly extend the durability of the greenhouse.

When choosing, pay attention to the manufacturer. Do not forget that the stingy pays twice, so it is better not to purchase Chinese materials, despite their attractive cost. Among the well-established ones on the market in recent years We can mention the domestic company Kinplast. This company offers a range of different coatings - from inexpensive to premium options.

Sheets made by the Russian company Aktual will last about 8 years.

This is an inexpensive option, has a fairly soft structure, and is easy to install.

• The Russian-Israeli production Polygal Vostok offers a material that is characterized by rigidity, flexibility, ease of installation, but also has a high price tag.
• "Winpool" is made in China, very soft, fragile, inexpensive, you can count on a service life of 3 years.
• “Sanex” is also a representative of the Chinese market, it is quite tough to work with, is not very convenient during installation, and will last about 4 years.
• “Marlon” is brought to Russia from the UK, the material is quite expensive, but will last for at least 10 years if the operating rules are followed.

Since the market currently has a huge number of options, you can get confused and choose among them not of very high quality.

To prevent this from happening, pay attention to the following points:

• The surface of the sheets must be uniform and smooth, without any protrusions, irregularities or chips. Also, it should not fall apart into layers.
• The ribs should be positioned at a 90 degree angle and should not be wavy in any way.
• Try to find out from the seller under what conditions the material was stored. Improper storage conditions will quickly reduce its service life. The sheets should lie horizontally, but if they were stored in a vertical position with emphasis on the edge or rolled up, this may reduce the quality of the material.
• Some summer residents prefer mixed type covering materials. With this option it is usually side walls glazed, and the ceiling is covered with film. Some farmers prefer to cover the frame with spunbond sheets.

Separately, it is worth noting that it is not recommended to grow different types of crops at the same time in the same greenhouse - simply put, the same room is not suitable for seedlings and fruit and berry crops at home. This aspect must be taken into account when choosing the type of greenhouse. Arched greenhouses that occupy a wide area will not bring much benefit. He considers the optimal size of a simple greenhouse to be 3 by 6 meters - it will not take up much space, in such a greenhouse you can easily grow enough strawberries, cucumbers or tomatoes for a family.

Preparation of materials

Before you start work, carefully study the best designs and drawings from publicly available resources - this will allow you to see the most complete picture of the possibilities provided. Of course, you can create a scheme yourself, but remember that this will require not only the investment of additional time and energy resources. In addition, an error may creep in during calculations, which can lead to the greenhouse losing its quality characteristics.

If you imagine a work flow diagram point by point, general description construction stages will look like this:

• definitions the desired type buildings;
• preparation of the diagram;
• creating a frame;
• carrying out preparatory work on the area of ​​soil where the greenhouse is planned to be installed;
• laying the foundation;
• mounting the supporting frame;
• fastening of a translucent coating.

During independent design or selection among already ready-made options take into account the requirements for the finished structure, as well as available materials and preferences in the choice of plant crops. Most often on personal plots there are arched structures with a frame made of polyvinyl chloride pipes - this is an inexpensive type of greenhouse, quite simple to implement. If a flat site is chosen for construction, it is best to choose a model with two slopes. In the case where you plan to install a greenhouse adjacent to the wall, it is more logical to make it lean-to. The base can be a geometric figure of various shapes - a square or rectangle, a trapezoid.

Before purchasing the materials needed for construction, it is necessary to make a calculation. This will help prevent unnecessary expenses in the future.

When the design is completed and the greenhouse manufacturing scheme has been selected, it is necessary to begin preparing the necessary components for future construction.

If we take the simplest option, which can be built in a couple of days, the set of materials will be as follows:

• Boards soaked in antiseptic, treated with drying oil or burned with a blowtorch. Please note that if you want to save money, you don’t have to buy specialized products, but use time-tested, old-fashioned methods of processing wood and timber. If funds allow, of course, you can purchase factory-made chemicals.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Before making a frame, calculate the required amount of material for construction. After making the calculation, add 10% in reserve, especially if you have to make a pipe bender.
• Durable polyethylene film - the more wear-resistant the material is, the longer it will not require replacement with a new one. You can also use polycarbonate sheets if desired.

• Metal rods or pieces of reinforcement one meter long.
• Self-tapping screws and nails.
• Hinges for fastening windows and doors.
• Accessories – handles for doors and windows.
• Special loops for fastening pipes.

If you decide to use HDPE pipes to form the frame, consider their following features:

• Pipes help create tightness inside the building, which creates favorable conditions for the ripening of crops.
• This material is easy to use and does not require special skills.
• With the help of fasteners, pipes are easy to install and dismantle if necessary. Thus, the frame can be easily assembled for a warm climate period and removed again when the greenhouse is not in use.
• There is no need to use additional reinforcement. The pipes themselves have good characteristics and are self-sufficient in use.

• Plastic, unlike wood or metal, is much less susceptible to environmental influences. Finished products do not need to be treated with anti-corrosion and other protective substances.
• The building may well last at least a decade.
• Since the material has a low specific gravity, the greenhouse can swing during strong gusts of wind. In this case, it is necessary to install additional metal elements in the ground to strengthen the structure.

Please note that metal corners can be used to strengthen the foundation, they will give the structure strength. This element is attached from the inside at the joint between the boards. If the base is made of timber, it is better to use metal brackets for fastening, which are mounted on the outside. The finished foundation should fit tightly to the soil. If cracks appear, cover them with soil.

Assembly and installation

When installing the frame into a finished foundation, metal reinforcement is driven into the ground from the outside at a distance of no more than a meter. Parts of plastic pipes pre-cut to the required length are placed on these blanks. To fasten them together, as well as to mount them on a wooden base, use screws or nails, self-tapping screws. To install elements horizontally, as a rule, pre-drilled plastic couplings, angles and crosses are used from the inside, allowing pipes to cross the connecting elements.

When polycarbonate sheets are used as a covering material, the actions will be as follows:

• The protective film is removed from the sheets, and the top side is marked with a marker. For convenience in carrying out work, it is better to make several marks on each sheet.
• Make blanks for the end walls - a sheet for these purposes standard size cut into three equal parts 2 by 2 meters. One of the parts is applied to the end so that all cavities are located vertically. The left side of the sheet is aligned to the left edge, and the outline of the required arc is outlined with a marker. A similar manipulation is performed with the right edge, as a result of which the sheet takes on the contours of two semi-arches. After which they are cut out using a jigsaw, leaving a tolerance of 3-5 cm, and the right end of the building is cut out in the same way.
• The cut out parts are attached to self-tapping screws at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other. Try not to squeeze the material too much. The excess is cut off with a knife.

• The third part of the sheet is used for the door and windows. The sheet is applied vertically to the doorway. The outline of the door is outlined with a margin, the blanks are cut out and attached. The remainder is used to cover the space above the door. It is better to fasten the joints with special profiles.
• To cover the top of the greenhouse, the sheets are laid on arcs, aligned with the bottom edges and trimmed. The sheets should protrude slightly above the end of the building, then they are fixed in the corners.
• The second sheet is laid overlapping the first at the joint, the corners are secured and placed on screws from the bottom edge at a distance of 40-60 cm from each other.

If it is decided to cover the greenhouse with plastic film, the stages of work will be as follows:

• The film is attached to the frame with staples or wooden slats. Secure it in such a way that there are no tears in the fabric.
• It is necessary to cover the front and back parts of the frame with film. In the part where the door is planned to be made, the film is folded inward.
• Re-measure the doorway, then you need to assemble the frame from the tubes. A film is attached to the resulting frame, the excess is cut off and the door is hung using hinges, the windows are designed according to the same principle. If planned glass doors, carefully examine the fastening of glass to metal.
• This greenhouse option is only suitable for summer. The next and final stage after building a greenhouse is preparing the soil and planting seedlings.

As mentioned above, for the winter version of the greenhouse it must be equipped with a heating system. Despite the apparent complexity, it is not so difficult.

Among the types of heating are the following:

• solar;
• technical;
• biological.

Technical, in turn, is divided into the following subtypes:

• water;
• gas;
• stove;
• electric.

The solar type is based on the greenhouse effect, which is formed when natural light enters the greenhouse space. This heating option is used only in summer when the sun is active. In the cold season, to achieve the best result, a mixed type is used - a biological-technological option.

The biological species is used both in winter and summer to heat the soil. The soil is removed from the racks, after which manure is placed on the bottom; horse manure is best suited, since its decomposition releases a large amount of heat. Soil containers are filled one third with manure. In addition to manure, you can also use compost - one of its components is also a waste product of horses. Pour all the soil back into the shelving. When the decomposition process begins, the plant roots will begin to warm up. In addition, it will serve as an excellent fertilizer, since manure and compost contain many minerals for plant growth.

The electric heating method is also easy to use. For these purposes, a heating cable laid in a special way is used. Read the instructions first. Please note that the thermal cable can be purchased together with the temperature controller, so create optimal temperature for seedlings it will be quite simple.

Water heating is arranged as follows: the entire perimeter of the greenhouse is laid with a double row of pipes, which are looped into an electric boiler. To connect the boiler, you need to lay electrical cable. Please note that the boiler can be located inside the greenhouse or can be taken outside of it. Experts insist that the boiler must be taken outside and pre-insulated. These manipulations are done with the aim of more uniform heating. You can also warm up the room using a heat generator. The boiler itself can be purchased in a store or you can make it yourself, but keep in mind that in the second case you cannot do without special knowledge and skills. Further, the procedure is similar - pipes are laid from the boiler under the racks, which are looped. Any fuel can be used solid fuel: coal, firewood, wood processing waste.

If there is gasification on your garden plot, heating can be arranged using gas burners or air heaters; for this purpose they need to be placed around the entire perimeter of the building. With a small greenhouse area, it is quite possible to use gas cylinders. If the greenhouse occupies a large area, then it is necessary to connect to the common gas system Houses. Gas burners create carbon dioxide, which plants need. To ensure that heat is distributed evenly, fans are installed in the building. The burners can also be replaced with a gas factory boiler, but be sure to look at its country of origin.

As a heat source electric heating indoors, aluminum radiators or electric convectors are used, which are installed at an equal distance along the entire perimeter of the building or located on both sides if the greenhouse area is rectangular in shape. This type of system is connected directly to the power supply or heat supply system.

You can also make a stove in the greenhouse, which is best located at the end of the building. Horizontal chimney laid from the stove along the entire perimeter of the greenhouse. Metal pipes or brickwork are suitable for these purposes. When connecting the chimney and the vertical riser of the stove, you need to make a small rise at the junction. The higher the riser, the better, because the stove will have good draft. With this type of heating, do not forget to prepare fuel in advance. You can place the stove in a pre-made depression in the ground.

In addition, you can make a water oven from a regular oven. For this purpose, a water heating boiler is installed on it, from which pipes will go to a water tank. The pipes and the boiler are looped using wiring around the entire perimeter of the room. There is also another option - to collect pipes along each of the racks, thereby providing distribution to four different pipes.

We must not forget that plants require the creation of a special microclimate for their successful development and growth; special equipment will help improve these indicators inside the greenhouse, with the help of which you can increase the productivity and yield of the crops grown. Additional equipment involves not only additional heating, but also the possibility of ventilation, watering and lighting. As you know, watering plants is a rather labor-intensive process. Automatic system will help relieve the owner of a summer cottage from this hard work, while saving time and water.

Good room ventilation is extremely important in a greenhouse., as it prevents condensation and improves the overall microclimate, which undoubtedly benefits the plants. Properly created air exchange will protect crops from overheating. For natural air movement, it is enough to open doors and vents; an additionally installed fan or hood will increase air circulation.

With short daylight hours, you can’t do without sources of additional lighting. Special lamps will help the seedlings get enough light early spring or late autumn.

Best projects

Be sure to check out the best and most common options, and perhaps you’ll come up with your own ideas.

For cucumbers

Separately, I would like to consider making a greenhouse for cucumbers as one of the most favorite vegetables. Any summer resident knows that cucumbers need warmth and high humidity. With proper organization of protected soil, this vegetable is less susceptible to diseases and can produce a larger harvest.

To obtain a rich harvest, the following requirements are necessary:

• daytime air temperature – no more than 30 degrees, night – no less than 16;
• soil temperature - about 23 degrees;
• calm air without drafts;
• humidity about 80%;
• high degree of illumination;
• insect access if the variety involves bee pollination;
• durable structures for vertical movement of seedlings.

Due to the large number of parts, it is difficult to create the required climate in one room. Let's consider the general disadvantages and advantages of each type of greenhouse for a specific purpose - growing cucumbers.

The advantages include simplicity of design, ease of creation from scrap and existing materials. The small area and internal volume will provide good heating; it is well lit and easily accessible to insects for pollination. Among the disadvantages, one can note such characteristics as low planting density - you can place a maximum of three pieces on one square meter, inconvenience during soil processing and harvesting. If you water plants with a watering can, the water reaches the leaves, which can cause burns. The greenhouse needs to be constantly opened and closed, otherwise the crops will overheat and die.

Arch type with film

The advantages of this type of greenhouse are that it is easy to construct and does not require expensive materials; it has sufficient internal space for growing vertical bushes. The film coating retains moisture well, promotes rapid heating of the soil and air, and transmits light well. Disadvantages: the film is a short-lived material and requires regular replacement; it has poor thermal insulation properties, so in the event of early frosts, the greenhouse will have to be covered additionally. When building a greenhouse of this type, it is necessary to have vents, since drafts will inevitably arise when the doors are opened.

Polycarbonate covered

Pros: high structural strength of the frame, high ceilings and sufficient interior space. Polycarbonate perfectly transmits sunlight and has an excellent ability to diffuse it. Provides convenient conditions for watering plants and cultivating the soil, making it easy to harvest. The provided vent openings provide good ventilation and absence of drafts.

Cons: large financial costs for purchasing materials or already finished products. Polycarbonate strongly reflects light, causing energy loss. The covering and frame require constant maintenance; in winter, snow must be cleared from the greenhouse. Difficult access for pollinating insects.

Gable with glazed wooden frames

The advantages are as follows: a noteworthy design, which has already become a classic, demonstrates high thermal insulation properties. Good heating of the entire interior space of the room. Glass has excellent light transmittance; when placing vents on the roof, the possibility of drafts is eliminated. The ability to plant a large number of plants, having convenient access to them. Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that the weight of the frame requires pre-layout foundation. Wood requires mandatory preliminary and regular subsequent treatment, otherwise the frames will quickly begin to rot. It is also worth considering that glass is a fragile and traumatic material, and also does not have any scattering properties, which can lead to burns to plant leaves.

With one slope

Positive characteristics: it is always attached to a house or barn on the north side, which ensures that the slope faces south to receive the maximum amount of sun rays. The room assumes rapid warming up and long-term heat retention, and also gives scope when choosing materials for construction. Negative characteristics: if the sun is active, it will be difficult to avoid overheating; curtains and a high-quality ventilation system are needed. If a greenhouse is built next to a house, a prerequisite is good waterproofing and protection of the greenhouse from snow and ice.

Mittleider

An undoubted advantage is the special location of the vents - they are located in the roof and face south, which leaves no possibility of drafts and helps maintain an optimal microclimate. The greenhouse is large, has high ceilings and a lot of space inside.

The disadvantages are related to the complexity of the design and the inability to build it yourself without having accurate drawings and installation skills. If the doors are closed, insects will not be able to get inside; either self-pollinating varieties are suitable for such a greenhouse, or additional bait varieties will have to be planted. Among other things, a greenhouse requires close care.

Pyramid shaped

Pros: The central part is ideal for growing cucumbers vertically. Excellent lighting, easy to install, only budget materials are needed.

Cons: small area, inconvenient to care for plants. Insect access is difficult. The structure is unstable and can easily be blown away by the wind.

For tomatoes

Polycarbonate greenhouses create ideal conditions for the harmonious ripening of fruits. Tomato is a crop that loves sunlight and warmth; the optimal temperature for growing them is 22-25 degrees. If the soil has a high clay content, then humus, sawdust or peat must be added to the soil at the rate of one bucket per square meter.

Planted seedlings must be watered frequently until they are fully developed. If the nights are quite cool, it is better not to water the plants after sunset so as not to overcool the soil. It makes sense to water from a watering can during the hottest time of the season. Next, the seedlings need to be pruned and tied, thereby ensuring uniform lighting and ventilation of the beds. With this growing option, tomatoes ripen much faster and it is possible to reap a good harvest. The plants are then secured to wire trellises or stakes, giving them space to grow further.

For greenery

During the cold winter months, there is nothing better than a bunch of fresh herbs, especially if you grow them yourself. What’s especially nice is that greenhouse greens are not too demanding to care for and produce several harvests a year. You can choose the type of greenery based on your own preferences.

Most people using winter greenhouses For growing greens, they prefer dill, celery and parsley.

• When growing dill, it is necessary to strictly observe the temperature regime - the thermometer should not fall below 15 degrees. In addition, dill needs constant spraying and does not tolerate drafts and cold winds, so be extremely careful when ventilating the greenhouse. The first harvest can be obtained in just two months with proper care.
• When growing parsley, there are several more nuances - firstly, this type of plant can be grown in the form of roots or seeds. In the first option, the root crop must first be kept in sand, the temperature of which does not exceed two degrees, after which it is planted in heavily moistened soil. If you plan to grow parsley from seeds, the seeds, previously kept in a damp cloth, are planted in the soil. As a rule, germination takes no more than ten days. The harvest is about one and a half kilograms of greenery per square meter.

• Celery loves well-fertilized, soft soil; cow or chicken manure is perfect as a fertilizer. The temperature in the greenhouse should be between 15 and 20 degrees. Watering for plants is necessary infrequently, but as abundantly as possible, and care must be taken that the water does not touch the leaves of the seedlings. Pay special attention to lighting, since the amount of harvest directly depends on the length of daylight hours.
• Many people love mint and enjoy using it in cooking. This type of plant tolerates frosts down to eight degrees below zero, while sprouting at the lowest temperatures above zero. Experts recommend using hydroponics or biological heating of the soil with peat as soil. Carefully monitor the soil moisture; drying it out is strictly unacceptable. If you plan to grow mint, it is best to equip the greenhouse with a drip irrigation system.
• Mint, like most crops, does not tolerate temperature changes, not only because sudden changes can destroy plants, such moments can lead to dangerous disease – powdery mildew. Also extremely suitable for mint dangerous pests are spider mite and greenhouse whitefly. You can defeat them by spraying the crop with industrial means or time-tested folk recipes.

For better rooting of seeds in the soil, you need to first dry them in a draft. If you cannot plant the seeds directly, it is quite possible to grow seedlings at home and then plant them in the ground for 10-14 days.

Not all summer residents have the time and desire to understand the intricacies of the technology for constructing a greenhouse on a site with their own hands. The market is currently full ready-made greenhouses a variety of options. The first thing you need to do is decide for what purpose the greenhouse is being purchased. If we are talking about growing crops for family consumption, this is one thing, but if a summer resident considers a greenhouse as a way to increase his income and wants to put the resulting crop up for sale, the situation will be different. In the first case, you can get by inexpensive option, in the second, of course, financial investments will be much higher and the cost of maintaining the greenhouse will also increase.