Energy efficient kitchen. We design and build inexpensive, energy-saving country houses and cottages. The disadvantages of using are
Two-story house, erected in just 4 months, consumes half the energy resources compared to standard buildings, and at the same time differs affordable price.
The cottage, built in 2014 on the territory of the Emerald Valley residential complex in the Borovsky district of the Kaluga region, became the winner of the Second All-Russian competition initiated by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation completed projects in the field of energy saving, increasing energy efficiency and energy development ENES. A two-story house, built in just 4 months, consumes at least half as much energy as standard buildings, and it is affordable. The final cost of one square meter for the customer was 22,755 rubles/sq.m. m.
The construction, which confirmed the engineers’ calculations in practice, marked the beginning of the implementation unique project TECHNONICOL HOUSE, which provides for the construction throughout the Russian Federation of affordable turnkey residential buildings of any layout using ready-made, comprehensively selected energy-efficient technologies. We talked about the prospects that this project opens up for future residents and contractors with the head of the TECHNONICOL HOUSE project, implemented by the largest manufacturer of roofing, waterproofing and thermal insulation materials in Russia and Europe, the TechnoNIKOL company, Andrey Bannov.
Andrey, the TECHNONICOL HOUSE project offers comprehensive solutions for the development of energy-efficient low-rise construction. How great is the demand for resource-saving technologies in the cottage construction segment today?
Over the past 10 years, the volume of cottage construction in Russia has increased significantly. Following Europe's move to the suburbs, residents of our megacities are increasingly choosing the comfort and silence of a private home instead of the bustle of high-rise buildings. Demand creates supply: a large number of contracting organizations specializing in low-rise construction have appeared on the market. However, the economic crisis that we are witnessing today has become a unique challenge. To survive in the market, small businesses will have to transform quantitative volumes into quality. In the current conditions, those contractors who are able to optimize their costs and at the same time offer a higher quality product will be able to maintain their positions. Modern business technologies and standards for energy-efficient housing construction TECHNONICOL HOUSE meet these criteria and can become a lifeline for small contracting businesses.
In developed countries, private houses have become an affordable solution housing issue precisely thanks to the use of the most advanced construction technologies. First of all, we are talking about the energy efficiency of such houses. After all, the cost of operating a building, according to statistics, is up to 75% of the cost of owning it. Until recently, in energy-rich Russia, building energy consumption was practically not taken into account. But rising tariffs for energy resources and housing and communal services are radically changing people’s attitudes towards the issue of energy efficiency. Working on DOM TECHNONICOL standards, we maintained a balance between the cost of construction and the effectiveness of energy-saving solutions. As a result, the costs for gas heating two-story cottage area 90 sq. m. according to current tariffs in the Moscow region will amount to no more than 500 rubles per month or 4,500 rubles per year, electric heating of such a house will cost a little more: 2,500 rubles per month or 22,500 rubles per year, and the payback period for energy-saving solutions does not exceed 7 years.
One of the factors hindering the development of energy-efficient construction is additional costs - for the same thermal insulation materials. According to official statistics, they lead to an increase in the cost of housing by at least 7%. How is the economic affordability of TECHNONICOL HOUSES achieved?
One of the goals of the TECHNONICOL HOUSE project is to make energy-efficient construction affordable. We have analyzed a huge number of enclosing structures that have good practice in northern countries world, and chose the most optimal set for our country (foundation, walls, roofing, windows, engineering systems). Everything was analyzed: construction costs, reliability constructive solutions, durability, heat-saving properties, convenience/complexity and installation time, the possibility of completing materials and structures available in the Russian Federation.
In accordance with the developed standards, today the final cost of a TECHNONICOL HOUSE, ready for occupancy, for the buyer will not exceed 25 thousand rubles per sq. m. m. This is the cost per square meter of a full-fledged cottage, installed on an insulated reinforced concrete foundation slab, with external and internal finishing, internal engineering communications and warm windows. External walls houses are insulated with a 25-centimeter layer stone wool, roofing - 30 cm layer.
If we consider the minimum configuration without utility networks And interior decoration, that is, the one that we are accustomed to in our market, then the price benefit is even more noticeable. Cost of a “house box” with roofing, external finishing and windows will be no more than 15 thousand rubles / sq. m. m. Low financial component of house kits while maintaining high quality based on manufacturability of construction, use building materials own production and no additional logistics costs. Most of the materials are produced at our company’s factories, which are widely represented throughout the country.
How reliable and proven technologies are used for the construction of TECHNONICOL HOUSES? What are the benefits of participating in a project for contractors, other than price?
Having studied experience frame house construction in the northern countries and the specifics of the Russian market, we have created unique engineering documentation necessary and sufficient for the construction of resource-saving houses by a team of 5 people wooden frame"turnkey" of almost any layout according to individual and standard drawings. TECHNONICOL HOUSE standards were developed by TechnoNIKOL engineers together with the Passive House Institute, taking into account the load-bearing capacity of structures, minimizing cold bridges, and ease of installation. Usage ready-made solutions allows the contractor to save on design costs and minimize the risk of errors. In addition, we have developed an automated document flow system to standardize the processes of providing construction and installation services and created an infrastructure for training in TECHNONICOL HOUSE standards on the basis of the TechnoNIKOL Construction Academy, which includes 15 Training centers in the Russian Federation and the CIS, which makes the training process accessible to contractors throughout the country.
- What are the future prospects for the development of the project? In which regions is it planned to be implemented?
The successful implementation of a pilot project in the Kaluga region allowed us to move on to the first stage of scaling up positive experience in 6 regions of the Russian Federation. TECHNONICOL HOUSES will soon appear in the Moscow, Leningrad, Lipetsk and Ryazan regions, Krasnodar region and in the Republic of Crimea. TECHNONICOL HOUSE standards allow you to build a house with 1 or 2 floors of unique or standard layout in any point of the Russian Federation suitable for the construction of residential single-apartment buildings with a GSOP no higher than 7,400. In the future, we plan to develop the project throughout the entire Russian Federation.
Do you want to make your home energy efficient, but don't know how? We will show you the simplest and surest ways
Nowadays, many people want to reduce the cost of maintaining a home and make it energy efficient. First of all, we encounter on the Russian market the desire to supply warm panoramic windows and additionally insulate the house so as not to freeze in winter months. Some people prefer to reduce home heating costs, others want to make their home environmentally friendly. Why might this be of interest to you?
Today it is very easy to make your home energy efficient, and you can achieve the energy saving effect using quite accessible tools:
- warm energy-saving windows;
- additional “preservative” insulation of the house and high-quality warm building materials;
- modern heating system, for example based on a heat pump;
- photovoltaic system, where the generated energy is used inside the house, including for heating.
Advantages of an energy efficient and passive house
An energy efficient home in itself makes a huge difference to your lifestyle. You don't have to constantly think about what heating mode to set in winter and how to air condition in summer. You don’t need to hide from the scorching sun or, conversely, move to rooms with southern windows in the frosty February blizzard. An energy-efficient house, like a passive one, independently creates a 100% comfortable microclimate, and this process is completely under your control and does not depend on the vagaries of nature.
Energy saving windows Kaleva
Heating system in an energy efficient house
When talking about modern heating systems in the house, we often use names such as “heat pump”, “warm floor”, “gas boiler”, “electric boiler”. But not all of them relate to energy saving systems. A heat pump provides an exceptional opportunity to make your home energy efficient without spending a lot of money on heating it. At the same time, it is not necessary to install a warm floor; you can also install radiators. And if you connect the heat pump to a photovoltaic system (solar panels), energy will be generated for the pump. With this approach, your home can become independent.
One solar panel produces approximately 2 kW of power. To heat a house of 200 square meters you will need an electric boiler with a capacity of about 20 kW or a heat pump with a nominal consumption of 4 kW. Cost of one solar panel- from 150 thousand to 350 thousand rubles.
Energy-saving windows Kaleva
This option is relevant for regions where there is no gas. In addition, according to Russian Government Decree No. 334, you can only be allocated up to 15 kW of electricity, which is simply not enough to heat a large house.
But it’s not enough to just put modern system heating and photovoltaic panels. It will be necessary to eliminate “cold bridges” that may appear when not used enough. quality windows and doors. Energy-saving windows will help you in this matter.
Windows in an energy efficient house
Energy efficient windows are very important for the project energy efficient home, since in most cases when good insulation floors, walls and roofs only correctly selected and of high quality installed windows and the doors will protect the owner from the appearance of “cold bridges”.
Warm windows solve 99% of problems main problem panoramic glazing. Today you can put really large windows in your home and still keep it warm.
Energy-saving windows are good in any weather - in winter they do not allow the cold to penetrate inside, and in summer they protect from heat, perfectly balancing energy efficiency and comfort. It is best to choose multifunctional glass for plastic windows. For example, warm windows with a 40 mm double-glazed window and multifunctional iM glass are 96% (!) more efficient than a regular 40 mm double-glazed window! It's all about a layer of silver ions, which allow the glass to work, essentially, like a mirror, remaining perfectly transparent. Using such technologies, you get double protection from cold and heat.
Passive house: why it is better than ordinary house
Draw a line between an energy-efficient and a passive house in different countries decided differently, especially regarding publications in the media. But there is international standard, and it is determined by the coefficient of thermal energy utilization. So, a house with an E index of less than 110 kW*h/m2/year is an ordinary house, less than 70 kW*h/m2/year is energy efficient; and with an indicator of less than 15 kW*h/m 2 /year - passive, that is, practically not consuming energy from the outside.
At the same time, in Europe there is another indicator - EP, which determines the amount of electricity spent on hot water supply, light, electrical appliances and heating. According to this classification, EP less than 0.25 means class A, that is, a passive house; less than 0.5 - class B, economical; and less than 0.75 is class C, and this energy saving house. Other indicators determine standard house, and from 1.51 - the most energy-consuming.
Energy-saving windows Kaleva
First of all, the concept of an energy efficient home is based on selected building materials, including doors, insulation and windows. The last ones are incredible important element, since it is the most energy-efficient windows and doors that will prevent heat loss. By choosing warm windows, you can install panoramic glazing any type and even turn the house into something like a glass box. And all this without loss of comfort and warmth!
But it’s not enough to just buy energy-efficient and warm windows. You also need to consider how much solar energy enters the house and whether such windows allow air to pass through. It is important that the SHGC indicator, which is responsible for how much solar energy passes inside, was from 0.4 to 0.5. Windows with an index above 0.5 are suitable only for harsh climates where there is no summer at all (for example in Murmansk), and below 0.4 - only for those places where the summer is very hot (for example in the Krasnodar Territory).
One of the few on the market takes into account all three factors - energy efficiency, light transmission and air exchange. And only this approach can be considered professional.
An energy-efficient house is a building that combines very low energy consumption with a comfortable microclimate.
Energy savings in such houses reach 90%.
The annual heating requirement of an energy-efficient home can be less than 15 kWh per square meter.
For example, today in the most common design of a private house (reinforced concrete foundation, “warm floor” system without insulation, walls of 1.5 bricks with cement plaster, ordinary metal-plastic windows, roof insulation 150mm and without supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery) energy consumption for heating is 110-130 kWh per 1 m2 per year.
In the European Union countries the following classification of houses is accepted:
- Low energy houses
Use at least 50% less energy than standard buildings built to current energy standards. - Ultra-low energy homes
They consume 70-90% less energy than conventional buildings. Examples of ultra-low energy consumption houses with clearly defined requirements are the German Passive House, the French Effinergie, and the Swiss Minergie.
The pioneer in the construction of such houses was the Passive House, which was developed in Germany in Darmstadt in the 90s. A building is considered to be “passive” if it meets the requirements developed by the German Institute for Passive Buildings. A “passive” house is a house with excellent thermal insulation and minimal electricity and heat consumption. It maintains a comfortable microclimate mainly due to human heat, solar energy and household electrical appliances such as a kettle, stove, etc. Passive house technologies (buildings with ultra-low energy consumption, without a traditional heating system) are effective and have already been tested in the harsh Scandinavian climate. Such houses have virtually no heat losses. - Homes that generate energy
These are buildings that produce electricity for their own needs. In some cases, excess energy in the summer can be sold to the power company and bought back in winter time. Good thermal insulation, innovative design and the use of renewable energy sources (solar panels, ground source heat pumps) make these houses the vanguard of modern housing construction. - Homes with zero CO2 emissions
Term most commonly used in the UK. Such a house does not emit CO2. This means that the house provides itself with energy from renewable sources, including energy used for space heating/cooling, hot water supply, ventilation, lighting, cooking and electrical appliances. In the UK, all new homes since 2016 have been built to this standard. The following classification has been adopted in Russia:
*In accordance with SNiP 02/23/2003 " Thermal protection buildings" standards for
Rostov-on-Don (m2° C/W) Rwall=2.63 Rcover=3.96 Rwindow=0.84
HOW TO “TEACH” A HOUSE TO BE ECONOMICAL AND COMFORTABLE?
1. Correct orientation of the house relative to the cardinal directions.
One of the most important factors, affecting the consumption of energy resources by a house, is its location relative to the cardinal points. To make the house energy efficient, most windows should be directed to the south. At the same time, a deviation of up to 30° from the azimuth to the south slightly reduces the use of solar energy. If the house is located differently, then the walls and roof of the building should be insulated more effectively to compensate for the lack of heat entering the room from the rays of sunlight.
How does the house heat up from the sun? About 90% of light energy penetrates through the glass windows, heating the room. Modern double-glazed windows are made with special coatings and filled with inert gas. Coatings reflect long-wave infrared rays from indoors back indoors, reducing their loss through windows.
Because of large windows In summer the house may become too hot. This problem is solved by using another special glass coating, as well as using automatic systems darkening, roof overhangs, balconies. They are positioned to allow direct sunlight to pass through the windows only when the sun is low in the winter. In summer, the windows on the sunny side of the house are shaded by trees. In winter sunlight easily penetrates into the house between bare branches.
2. Design of a compact configuration of buildings.
The more outer surface building with the same volume of its premises, the higher the heat loss. Therefore, when building, reconstructing or expanding a house, you should, if possible, avoid all kinds of niches, ledges, and protrusions on the walls. It makes sense to build unheated extensions on the north side of the house. For example, storage rooms gardening tools and bicycles, technical premises, protecting the heated part of the house from wind and cold. A house with a compact design not only consumes less energy, but also requires lower construction costs.
3. External walls, structures and properties of building materials used.
A significant portion of the heat leaves the house through its outer shell. The higher the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures, the greater the heat loss.
The degree of thermal insulation of a house is determined by the heat transfer resistance coefficients of its enclosing structures (floor, walls, windows, roof). The higher it is, the better the quality of insulation.
The figure above shows wall designs whose transmission resistance coefficient is 2.1-2.2 m2ºC/W, which meets the regional requirements of buildings located in geographical latitude Krasnodar.
In accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”, for Rostov-on-Don, heat transfer resistance one-story house must be at least 2.62 m2ºС/W.
4. The thickness of the external walls and the living area of the house.
The size of the future living space in the house directly depends on the thickness of the external walls. If the walls are made thick, for example, not 32 cm, but 38.5 cm, the living space of the house will be significantly reduced. So, in a house with an area of 10x11 m and walls of the specified thickness, its living area will lose 2.73 m! On every floor. This means that every square meter of housing will cost more! With a wall thickness of 49 cm, the living area of each floor will decrease by almost 8 m2.
5. Noise protection at home.
The sound insulation of walls and structures of a house directly depends on the density and structure of the material from which they are made. When designing a house, it is very important to pay attention to insulation from impact and sound noise.
Solid walls (without windows and doors), for example made of fiber foam concrete with a thickness of 250 mm, fully meet the requirements of comfort. Soundproofing a wall with windows occupying more than 25% of the area will no longer be so effective: in this case, a significant portion of the noise will penetrate through the windows. This is where, first of all, special noise insulation measures will be required.
6. Individual perception of comfort and indoor climate.
The concept of “comfort at home” has different meanings for many people. Some believe that the most comfortable is a house made of burnt clay brick, others prefer sand-lime brick, still others have a passion for wooden frame structure. However, the climate in a house depends not only on the absorption and heat-storing capacity of the walls, the operating principle of the heating system, the ventilation system and the activities of its inhabitants. A comfortable microclimate is a balanced combination of all these elements in the design of a house.
7. Heat loss and cold bridges.
When insulating a house, special attention is needed to places of heat loss, or so-called “cold bridges”. In these places, heat escapes more intensely than in others. An example would be balconies, made together with the ceiling in the form of one continuous slab, window slopes or joints between external walls and basement floors. To reduce heat loss and avoid possible damage to structures (for example, the formation of mold on them due to sweating), it is necessary to take this into account at the design and construction stage of the house.
Particular attention should be paid to sealing joints in places where windows, doors, roofs are installed and fastening roller shutter bodies.
In any conditions truss structure, incl. wooden, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing, vapor-permeable film above the insulation, and underneath under the insulation vapor barrier film and lay seamless thermal insulation. Special attention is required when sealing junctions with internal walls. These two photos show the same house: the first photo was taken with a camera, the second with a thermal imager.
This device recorded huge heat losses through windows and external walls (marked in yellow and red).
8. Thermal insulation of the roof.
If previously it was believed that 10 cm thick insulation (mineral fiber mats or polyurethane foam boards) with a thickness of 10 cm was sufficient for roof insulation, now much more stringent standards apply for roof insulation. For the roofs of energy-efficient (“warm”) houses, the heat transfer resistance must be at least 6 m2ºC/W, i.e. The thickness of thermal insulation made of material with a thermal conductivity coefficient (at equilibrium humidity) of 0.04 W/m2K must be at least 24 cm.
In conditions of more stringent energy consumption standards, important role Home heating systems that meet new requirements contribute to their savings. Significant savings energy can be achieved, for example, through the use of automatically controlled low-inertia systems that quickly respond to changes in room temperature.
So, when rooms are heated by sunlight passing through the windows, the corresponding sensors can send a signal to the metering valves to reduce the supply of coolant to the heating devices of a given room. Accordingly, the boiler will operate for less time and gas consumption will be reduced. In this case, plate heaters can provide you with a good service when heating your home. heating batteries and convectors that have low inertia. Heating through underfloor heating and a tiled stove will not be able to react quickly due to the large heated mass.
The heating boiler must meet standards that indicate effective use energy and zero emissions harmful substances into the atmosphere. Now these requirements are met condensing boilers working for liquid fuel or gas, as well as gas steam boilers with ultra-high efficiency.
However, the most effective and provides the greatest comfort is the heating system with infrared film heaters, their efficiency is 92-97%.
If you want to reduce energy consumption own home The question arises: what needs to be done first - make the heating system more powerful or insulate the house? The answer to this question is clear. First, you should improve the thermal insulation of all elements of the house. Because heating a well-insulated house will require a more compact and less powerful heating system, but well regulated.
10. Passive and active use of solar energy.
Using double-glazed windows with a lower heat transfer coefficient allows you to save energy resources. For example, 1.6 W/(m2-K) instead of the previous 2.3 or 2.6 W/(m2-K). Modern market offers double-glazed windows even with Kt = 1.3-1.1 W/(m2-K). There are also luxury-class double-glazed windows (0.9-0.8 W/(m2 "K)), but they are much more expensive. Along with energy savings, double-glazed windows create comfort in the premises. The cost of the window is primarily influenced by the frame material and only then - glazing. The use of a double-glazed window with a heat transfer coefficient of 1.3 or even 1.11 W/m2-K does not lead to a sharp increase in the cost of the window, unlike, for example, the use wooden frames made from glued Angara pine.
Conversion of solar energy.
The energy of the sun can be used not only passively (due to the predominant location of the glazed surfaces of the house on the south side), but also actively. In this case we are talking about using solar panels And solar water heaters, with which you can heat water for the bath, shower and heating system.
- Liquid solar collector;
- Automation shield;
- Heat exchanger;
- Analysis of heated water;
- Heating boiler circuit coil;
- Solar station heat exchanger coil;
- Heat exchanger feed pipe;
- Solar collector feeding pipeline.
When designing a house, it is necessary to provide for the laying of thermally insulated pipes from solar to hot water consumers. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic elements is already quite advanced today, but for now, for private housing construction, only the use of solar water heaters is economically justified.
Along with heat loss through structural elements buildings, it is also lost during ventilation of the premises.
It has been verified that in a well-insulated house, ventilation heat losses reach 30-50%. In this case, heat is lost as a result of replacement warm air to fresh, but colder.
This process is absolutely necessary to create normal microclimatic conditions in the house. The need for ventilation is especially noticeable in an energy-efficient home, where the paths for cold, fresh air to enter the home are reliably sealed.
An effective solution in the fight against heat loss is the installation of a ventilation system with recovery (return) of heat, which modern models reaches 80-85%.
At the design stage, it is necessary to provide for the location of the recuperator and pipelines.
However, an effective ventilation system, based on practice, is the most common element of construction, which is always saved on. Since the residents of the house need clean fresh air does not decrease, they have to constantly pay for the excess consumption of electricity or gas, which is used to compensate for the evaporated heat.
Think about it: what is the point of additionally sealing and insulating the structures of the premises if the heat escapes outside through open windows and doors?
No installation effective system ventilation has to come to terms with these heat losses. They can only be reduced slightly, by 25-30% (or by 10-15% of the total heat loss) through proper ventilation. Outside heating season Naturally, you can ventilate the house as much as you like. It is recommended to carry out so-called draft ventilation, at least in order to comply with hygiene standards. It is useful to open the windows wide at least two or three times a day for a short time, creating a draft.
The time required for air exchange depends on the temperature and humidity of the outside air and the strength of the wind. The colder and drier it is outside, the shorter the ventilation process should be. Water vapor, as well as odors generated when taking a bath or shower, should be removed immediately by ventilating the room. In winter, this must be done carefully, since a draft can not only harm the health of the inhabitants of the house, but also lead to the loss of a significant amount of heat. It is known that a person is not without weaknesses, which include an unintentional disregard for observing the rules. In this case, these are the rules for ventilation of premises. Often, when it’s hot, we don’t reduce the power of the heating system, but open the window. So shouldn't we entrust this task to ventilation equipment controlled by a computer in autonomous mode?
TVs, washing machines, electric kettles, irons, hobs, split systems, light bulbs - they all consume a significant amount of electricity. Today it is quite easy to reduce its consumption. When purchasing each electrical appliance, you need to pay attention to its energy consumption class; it must be AAA.
For home lighting, it is best to use lamps based on LED technology. The LED lamp is one of the most environmentally friendly light sources. The LED glow principle allows the use of safe components in the production and operation of the lamp itself. They do not contain toxic substances, so they do not pose a danger in the event of failure or destruction. Service life LED lamp up to 100,000 hours. And the increased energy intensity allows you to consume 10 times less electricity compared to traditional incandescent lamps.
13. Economical water consumption and heat recovery from used warm water.
Manufacturers plumbing equipment Over the past decade, many have been developed various designs mixers, taps and other elements of plumbing equipment, which can reduce water consumption by 40-50%, without losing the cleaning properties of the water flow.
Developed innovative systems watering flower beds and lawns of private houses, which reduce water consumption for irrigation by 40-60%. The systems combine local sensors, regional weather forecasts and an intelligent algorithm to select the optimal plant watering regime for personal plot. Sensors are inserted into each irrigation zone and monitor humidity, soil temperature and lighting in the area. The system has a built-in microcontroller that connects sensors via Wi-Fi wireless technology to the home network to control the time and duration of watering. And the microcontroller, analyzing all the data received, selects the optimal watering mode.
In 2012 designers of recovery systems for private houses from England and Belgium presented very compact systems that allow you to return thermal energy from wastewater back into the house. The efficiency of such systems is about 60%.
IS ALL THIS WORTH THE EXTRA COSTS DURING CONSTRUCTION?
The answer to this question can be given by real savings figures and confirmed facts.
- The cost of the most popular source of thermal energy in Russia is natural gas in 2017 in Rostov-on-Don was 5.5 rubles/m3. The price trend is an annual smooth increase to the level of global prices, as has already happened with gasoline, the cost of which in the domestic market is equal to its cost in the markets of Europe and North America. Today average price 1m3 of natural gas, for example in Europe, is 0.37 $/m3, i.e. 13.3 rub./m3. If we assume that the annual price increase is only 9%, then the price of gas on the domestic market will reach the world average by 2025.
- Average monthly gas energy consumption in winter period an ordinary house of 100 m2 (reinforced concrete foundation, “warm floor” system without insulation, 1.5 brick walls with cement plaster, with ordinary metal-plastic windows, 150 mm roof insulation and without supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery), is 850-900 m3. In 2017 prices this is 4.8 thousand rubles/month, but in 2025. with a very high degree of probability, heating this house will cost on average 11.5 thousand rubles per month, or about 60,000 rubles. during the heating season.
- Owners of houses of the design described above, who have such huge heating costs, will be forced to insulate them, the minimum cost of which is in 2017 prices, for 1 floor. a house of 100 m2 (to comply with SNiP 2302-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”) is about 320 thousand rubles. If they don't insulate, they will have to accept huge energy bills and their homes will be priced significantly lower by the market than those built to energy efficiency standards. Home buyers check this simply by looking at their utility bills for the past year.
The most pressing questions:
How much will the cost of construction increase if everything is done at once in accordance with existing heat conservation standards?
On average from 3% to 10%, it all depends on architectural project, initially correctly selected engineering solutions for the design of the house, building materials and technologies.
How many years will it take for this additional investment in heat conservation to pay off?
For example: during the construction of 1 floor. a house of 100 m2 (according to the classical scheme described above), the initial cost of construction was 2,100 thousand rubles. After adjustments, in order to meet the requirements of SNiP 2302-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings”, the estimate increased by 90 thousand rubles. At the same time, energy consumption will decrease by no less than 30% (usually 35-40%), and the annual savings during the heating period will be at least 1400 m3 of natural gas. In 2017 the price of 1m3 of gas in Rostov-on-Don was 5.5 rubles. Provided the annual gas price rises by no more than 9%, the costs will pay off in the 8th year. However, what is much more important is that after these 8 years, you will still have to carry out a set of measures to save energy at home so that its maintenance does not become a heavy financial burden for the family. And the cost of remodeling the elements of the house will be almost 4 times more expensive, compared to 80 thousand rubles. costs for energy saving during the construction phase.
Eat real examples houses you have built that have 30-40% less gas consumption for heating, without compromising living comfort?
More than 70% of our Clients have decided to build such houses and are already living in them. However, since 2014 we began to offer customers and implement complex engineering solutions for all designs of house elements, which allow reducing energy consumption during operation by another 20-30%.
We study the problem at real experience, with calculations from specialists and forum members
Due to the steady increase in energy prices and the high cost of gas connection, everything more developers are thinking about building an energy efficient house.
We have already told the readers of our site about what technologies are used in its construction.
And FORUMHOUSE users will help us with this.
From our material you will learn:
- Which house is energy efficient and which is not.
- Is it possible to heat an energy-efficient house with electricity only?
- How to calculate required thickness insulation.
- Will building an energy efficient house pay off?
What is energy efficiency
Energy efficient houses are being built in European countries for a long time, but for our country such a dwelling is still exotic.
Many developers are distrustful of the construction of such buildings, considering it an unjustified waste of money.
Let's figure out whether this is true and whether it is profitable to build an energy-efficient house in relation to climatic conditions most zones of Russia, including Moscow.
An energy-efficient (energy-passive) house is a building in which the costs associated with energy consumption are on average 30% less than in a conventional house. Energy efficiency of recent times could be determined by the coefficient of seasonal thermal energy use - E.
- E<= 110 кВт*ч /м2/год – это обычный дом;
- E<= 70 кВт*ч /м2/год – энергоэффективный;
- E<= 15 кВт*ч /м2/год – пассивный.
When calculating the E coefficient, the following are taken into account: the ratio of the area of all external surfaces to the entire cubic capacity of the house, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer in the walls, roof and ceilings, the glazing area and the number of people living in the building.
In Europe, to determine the energy efficiency class, it is customary to use the EP coefficient, which determines the amount of electricity spent on heating, hot water supply, light, ventilation and the operation of household electrical appliances.
The starting point is EP = 1 and energy class D, i.e. standard. The modern classification of houses adopted in European countries looks like this:
- EP<= 0,25 – класс А, пассивный дом;
- 0.26 < ЕР <= 0,50 – класс В, экономичный;
- 0,51 < ЕР <= 0,75 – класс С, энергосберегающий дом;
- 0,75 < ЕР <= 1 – класс D, стандартный;
- 1,01< ЕР <= 1.25 – класс Е;
- 1,26 < EP <= 1,50 – класс F;
- EP >1.51 – class G, the most energy-consuming.
In ordinary, insufficiently insulated housing with large heat losses through the building envelope, most of the energy (up to 70%) is spent on heating.
We can say that the owners of such a home heat the street.
Therefore, in European countries, no one will be surprised by the thickness of the insulation in the walls of 300-400 mm, and the outline of the building itself is made airtight.
The required level of air exchange in the house is maintained using a ventilation system, and not the mythical “breathing” of the walls.
But before you buy cubic meters of insulation, you need to understand when additional insulation and the whole range of measures associated with building an energy-efficient house are economically justified.
Energy efficiency in numbers
In our country, the heating season lasts on average 7-8 months, and the climate is more severe than in Europe. Because of this, a lot of controversy arises about whether it is profitable to build here energy saving houses. One of the most common statements made by opponents of energy-efficient construction is the argument that in our country the construction of such a building is very expensive, and the costs of its construction will never pay off.
But here is a comment from a member of our portal.
STASNN
In 2012, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, I built an energy-efficient house of 165 square meters. m of heated area with a specific energy consumption for heating of 33 kW*hours per sq. m per year. With an average monthly air temperature in winter of -17°C, the cost of heating with electricity amounted to 62.58 kWh per day.
You should pay attention to the technical characteristics of this house:
- thickness of insulation in the floor – 420 mm;
- insulation thickness in the walls – 365 mm;
- The thickness of the insulation in the roof is 500 mm.
The cottage was built using frame technology. The heating system of the house is electric low-temperature convectors with a total power of 3.5 kW. Also installed in the house is a supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator and a ground heat exchanger for heating street air. Vacuum solar collectors are additionally installed to supply hot water.
Total bill: 3.2 thousand rubles are spent on heating per month. at a 24-hour tariff of 1.7 rubles/kWh.
Also interesting is the experience of forum member Alexander Fedortsov (forum nickname Skeptic), who independently built a frame house of 186 square meters. m on a “insulated Swedish slab” foundation, with a homemade heat accumulator of 1.7 m3 and with electric heating elements embedded in it.
Skeptic
The house is heated with electricity through a water-heated floor system. For heating, a night tariff is used - 0.97 rubles / kW. At night, the coolant in the heat accumulator heats up to the desired temperature and turns off in the morning. The cubic capacity of the house is 560m3.
Result: In winter, in December, heating cost 1.5 thousand rubles. In January, a little less - 2 thousand rubles.
As the experience of our site users shows, anyone can build an energy-efficient home. Moreover, there is no need to equip it with expensive engineering systems such as air recuperators, heat pumps, solar collectors or solar panels. According to a forum member with the nickname Toiss , the main thing is a warm closed circuit, three times superior to modern SNiPs, the absence of cold bridges, warm windows, a well-insulated roof, foundation and walls.
Toiss
Instead of paying 0.5–1 million rubles for gas connection (the price of which is constantly growing), it is better to build an energy-efficient house with an area of up to 200 sq.m. Subject to construction technology and a competent approach, its construction is economically justified for any architectural and structural solutions.
Energy efficiency - basic principles
How and with what to insulate a house is one of the main issues that arise during construction.
And you need to think about this at the design stage. According to Pavel Orlov (forum nickname Smart2305), before economically calculating the justified thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to determine the following initial data, namely:
- Area of the planned house;
- Area and type of windows;
- Façade area;
- Area of the foundation and ground floor surfaces;
- Ceiling height, or internal volume of the house;
- Type of ventilation (natural, forced).
Smart2305
As a basis, we will take a house with an area of 170 sq.m., with a ceiling height of 3 m, and a glazing area of 30 sq.m. m and the area of enclosing structures is 400 sq.m.
The main heat loss in the house occurs through:
- Windows;
- Enclosing structures (roof, walls, foundation);
- Ventilation;
When creating a project for an economically balanced house, it is necessary to strive to ensure that heat losses in all three categories are approximately the same, i.e. 33.3% each. In this case, a balance is achieved between additional insulation and the economic benefits of such insulation.
Maximum heat loss occurs through windows. Therefore, when building an energy-efficient house, it is important to “tie” it to the correct place on the site (large windows face south) for the maximum degree of solar insolation. This will reduce heat loss with a large glazing area.
Smart2305
The most difficult thing is to reduce heat loss through windows. The difference between various modern double-glazed windows is quite insignificant and ranges from 70 to 100 W/sq.m.
If the window area is 30 sq. m, and the level of heat loss is 100 W/sq. m, then the heat loss through the windows will be 3000 W.
Because reducing heat loss through windows is the most difficult thing, then when designing the thermal insulation of the building envelope and ventilation system, for balance, you need to strive for the same values - 3000 W.
Hence the total heat loss of the house will be 3000x3 = 9000 W.
If you try to reduce only the heat loss of the enclosing structures, without reducing the heat loss of windows, this will lead to an unreasonable overspending on insulation.
Heat losses through the enclosing structures are equal to the sum of losses through the foundation, walls, and roof.
Smart2305
It is necessary to strive to equalize heat losses through windows with heat losses through building envelopes.
It is also necessary to reduce heat loss associated with ventilation of premises. According to modern standards, it is necessary that the entire volume of air in a living space is changed once an hour. House with an area of 170 sq. m with a ceiling height of 3 m, 500 m3/hour of fresh street air is required.
The volume is calculated by multiplying the area of the premises by the height of the ceilings.
If you provide only cold air from the street into the house, then the heat loss will be 16.7x500=8350 W. This does not fit into the balance of an energy-efficient house; we cannot say that such a house is energy-saving.
There are two options left:
- Reduce air exchange, but this does not meet modern standards for required air exchange;
- Reduce heat losses when supplying cold air to the house.
To heat the cold street air entering the house, the installation of forced, supply and exhaust ventilation systems with a recuperator is used. With the help of this device, the heat of the air leaving the street is transferred to the incoming flow. This improves ventilation efficiency.
The efficiency of recuperators is 70-80%. Read our article on how to build an inexpensive and
Smart2305
By installing a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator in the house (from the example above), it will be possible to reduce heat loss to 2500 W. Without a forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator, it is impossible to achieve a balance of heat losses in the house.
Economic feasibility of additional insulation
The main indicator of the economic efficiency of additional insulation of a house is the payback period of the insulation system.
Interesting user experience with nickname Andrey A.A , who compared heating costs in the permanent residence mode of an insulated and non-insulated house. For the purity of the experiment, we take the following data as the initial conditions:
- heating with main gas;
- heat loss through the enclosing structures – 300 kW/h/(sq.m.*year);
- the house has a service life of 33 years.
Andrey A.A.
To begin with, I calculated the annual heating costs in permanent residence mode without additional insulation. After my calculations, the cost of heating an uninsulated house of 120 sq.m., with its heat loss of 300 kW/h/(sq.m.*year), amounted to 32 thousand rubles. per year (provided that the price for 1 m3 of gas until 2030 will be 7.5 rubles).
Now let’s calculate how much you can save if you properly insulate your house.
Andrey A.A.
According to my calculations, additional insulation will reduce the heat loss of my home by approximately 1.6 times. Hence, with heating costs equal to 1.1 million rubles for 33 years (32 thousand rubles per year x 33 years), after insulation you can save 1.1-1.1/1.6 = 400 thousand on energy costs . rub.
To get 100% economic benefit from additional insulation, it is necessary that the amount spent on additional insulation does not exceed half the amount saved on energy costs.
Those. for this example, insulation costs should not exceed 200 thousand rubles.
After a year of operation, it turned out that after additional insulation, heat loss decreased not by 1.6, but by 2 times, and all the work done (since the insulation was carried out on our own, and the money was spent only on the purchase of insulation) paid for itself many times over.
Also interesting is the approach to calculating the profitability of additional insulation from a forum member with the nickname mfcn:
– Consider the following hypothetical conditions:
- in the house +20°C, outside -5°C;
- heating period – 180 days;
- house - with a single-layer frame, costing 8,000 rubles/m3, insulated with mineral wool at 1,500 rubles/m3;
- installation cost – 1000 rubles/m3 of insulation;
- frame pitch – 600 mm, thickness – 50 mm.
Based on these data, a cubic meter of insulation costs 3,000 rubles.
Building a house is always a delicate process that requires maximum attention. In addition to the fact that every home owner wants to have a reliable and durable structure, he wants to pay as little as possible for electricity during operation. The ideal option for saving money is a passive house or. This structure has a number of features and nuances in technology and design.
Description
Concept passive house(otherwise called an energy-saving house), defines a list of technical requirements with which the energy consumption in the house is 13%. The annual energy consumption indicator is 15 W*h/m2.
To build such a house, it is necessary to adhere to certain requirements that will create conditions for low energy consumption. To fully become familiar with a passive house, it is necessary to disassemble each element that makes it up separately.
House shape
Considering that there is a direct dependence of heat losses on the total area of the house, in the process of designing a passive house it is important to pay attention to the shape of the structure, as for example in. An energy-saving private house must be made in such a way that the compactness coefficient is within the normal range. This indicator determines the ratio of the total area of the house to its volume.
Reference: The lower the value of the compactness coefficient, the less heat the house wastes.
When determining the shape and area of the house, it is imperative to take into account the need to use all future rooms and premises. A passive house should not be allowed to have unused or little-used rooms (spacious dressing rooms, guest rooms or toilet rooms). Their maintenance requires significant energy expenditure. The ideal option for a passive house is a spherical design.
Sunlight
Since the construction of a passive house is aimed at further maximum energy savings, an important point is usage, i.e. . To maximize energy savings in a passive house, all windows and doors are located on the south side. At the same time, glazing on the north side of the facade is not recommended. You should not plant massive plants next to a passive house that cast a large shadow.
Thermal insulation
One of the important points that are taken into account when building a passive house is providing the structure with thermal insulation. It is important not to allow any possibility of heat loss. Thermal insulation is provided by all corner joints, windows, doors, and foundations.
Particular care is taken when installing thermal insulation materials in the walls (for example) and roof. In this case, a heat transfer coefficient of 0.15 W/(m*k) is achieved. The ideal indicator is 0.10 W/(m*k). The materials that allow achieving the above values are: foam plastic with a thickness of 30 cm and SIP panels, the thickness of which is at least 270 mm.
Translucent elements
Considering that significant heat loss occurs through windows at night, it is necessary to use only energy-saving types of windows. The glass with which the elements are equipped serves as... They accumulate solar energy throughout the day and minimize heat loss at night.
The energy-saving window structures themselves are triple glazed. Inside, their space is filled with argon or krypton. The heat transfer coefficient value is 0.75 W/m2 *K.
Tightness
The airtightness indicator during the construction of a passive house should be significantly higher than that of a conventional structure. Airtightness is achieved by treating all joints between structural elements. This also applies to window and door openings. Often, germabutyl sealant is used for this purpose.
Ventilation system
The ventilation system in the design of a typical house involves heat loss of up to 50%. A passive house, whose technologies are aimed at reducing heat loss, requires a different approach. Ventilation is constructed according to the recovery type. The recovery rate is important in this matter; only values of 75% or more are allowed.
The essence of such a ventilation system is simple. The amount of air entering the room, as well as its level of humidity, is regulated by the system itself. Fresh air entering the system is heated by the warm air that leaves the premises. This allows you to save energy for heating fresh air masses, since heat is transferred to the still cold air from the heated air in the room.
Reference: All of the above systems can be used separately as energy-saving technologies for a private home.
Construction technology
If you want to build a passive house with your own hands, you will have to devote a lot of time to this. During construction, it is important to understand the essence that energy-saving technologies for a private home include. There are a lot of options for using materials for construction and thermal insulation.
Before you start building a passive house yourself, it is recommended to order a project for such a house from professionals. They will be able to calculate all the nuances of the design and indicate the necessary materials that are suitable specifically for the selected plot of land.
If you want to build a passive house, the following technologies are used in its construction:
- warm walls;
- heated floor;
- foundation insulation;
- roof waterproofing;
- use of SIP panels for walls, floors and roofs.
You can use the following algorithm of actions:
- after the design of the passive house has been completed, the actual installation work begins;
- Initially, a foundation is built and its insulation is carried out. Materials for this are selected individually. A good option for insulating the foundation is foam glass. A mesh is being installed for the liquid floor heating system. After this, they begin to assemble the frame of the house;
- start building the roof. For insulation and waterproofing when laying the roof covering, insulating material and a waterproofing film are mounted to the frame;
- carry out complete waterproofing of walls and floors;
- start finishing the facade;
- install windows and doors;
- The final stage of construction is the finishing of the façade of the house.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The advantages that characterize a passive house include:
- the main and main advantage is the minimum energy consumption during operation;
- The air that enters your home through the ventilation system is always clean. It contains no dust, pollen and various harmful substances;
- the houses are not subject to shrinkage, which allows finishing work to be carried out immediately after the construction of the structure;
- environmentally friendly materials are used in construction;
- a passive house is unpretentious in maintenance, for example, if repairs are necessary, extensive work will not be required;
- the service life is 100 years;
- the possibility of constructing various architectural solutions;
- a passive house can be redeveloped at any time, since it almost completely lacks internal load-bearing walls.
Among the shortcomings the following are noted:
- constancy of temperature. The temperature regime is the same throughout the house, i.e. both the bedroom and the bathroom have the same temperature. In some cases, this causes discomfort, because you want a cooler microclimate for the bedroom and more warmth for the bathroom;
- It is not possible to use radiators, since they simply do not exist. You won’t be able to dry clothes or warm up after a long walk near the radiator;
- Passive house owners often face the problem of excessive dry air. This problem occurs due to frequent opening of the front door throughout the day, especially in winter;
- It is also not possible to open the window and ventilate the room at night in a passive house.
Manufacturers
Among the manufacturers of passive houses, the following are distinguished:
- Bowen House. The name of a house-building plant that builds passive houses in Russia. Provide home design services. The plant provides the opportunity to build a passive house using various technologies, for example, frame, Canadian, Passive Heat or domed energy-saving house, prices for them vary between 250-270 USD. for 1m2.
- Bronze Horseman. We build energy-efficient houses and more. The company provides both ready-made projects and makes them to order. Additionally, they provide interior and landscape design services, and help in choosing a site for building a house. It is possible to get a construction loan. In the company's portfolio you can see better energy-efficient houses.
For those who want to build a passive house, the following tips will be useful:
- To ensure the maximum lifespan of your home, it is important to properly care for it and adhere to certain rules. It is necessary to maintain the temperature at the same level by adjusting the heating system correctly;
- Damage to the sealed layer of the house must not be allowed, for example, with screws or dowels and other elements;
- It is not recommended to use electrical appliances to heat the room temperature for a long time.
Useful video
Despite the fact that for passive house construction significantly more costs are required than in the case of a conventional design; in the future, saving energy resources significantly saves the budget. You also cannot neglect some of the features of life in such a house and be prepared for them.
