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How to insulate panel houses from the inside. We insulate the walls of panel houses from the inside. Features of insulation from the inside

Insulating an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question faces the majority of homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. The outer walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often due to temperature changes they begin to become damp and covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such a possibility, the walls are thermally insulated from the outside, since this — more effective method heat preservation. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such measures independently, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area. But, be that as it may, a warm apartment with a slightly smaller area is better than large, cold rooms. Interior work can easily be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If the apartment has equipment installed autonomous heating, then insulating walls will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared to external thermal insulation of walls, internal insulation of an apartment has its rather significant disadvantages:

• An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

With internal insulation, the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampening

• The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is located between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies .
• A wall that is improperly insulated from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes, over time, irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material.

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter period, and also, as a consequence, no mold spots appeared on the walls, you need to carefully follow all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from inside the apartment.

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation “pie” is high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

• Must be purchased vapor barrier film High Quality and waterproof tape for sealing seams at the connection of its sheets.
• For the insulating layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
• When gluing insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that there are not even small cavities left between them.
• To avoid excessively high relative humidity indoors, they must be equipped with additional natural or forced ventilation. For example, for this window frames install valves through which air will flow into the room.

• Next, you need to accurately calculate the required thickness of the insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in a given region in winter time. Thermo thickness insulating material should not be less than those parameters that were obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-heat balance will be disrupted.
• Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will “cure” the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
• Installation of insulation can begin only after the wall has completely dried.
• The formation of “cold bridges”, which can negate the entire insulation process, should not be allowed. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What insulation materials and how are they used?

Cork is great natural material for thermal insulation

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - balsa wood. Therefore, this is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration premises.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative design walls

An important condition for installing cork covering is the evenness of the wall, so before you start gluing it, you need to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

• The old coating is completely removed from the wall.
• Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

• The next step is to level the surface.
• You can also decorate the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely coated waterproof glue or polyurethane foam, so that there are no voids left underneath. The drywall is pressed firmly against the wall and is additionally secured with anchors or plastic “fungi”.
• Cork material can be glued to a dry wall. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

• Easy installation of cork wall coverings, provided you are careful in your work.
• Aesthetically attractive respectable appearance.
• The surface of the material is always warm and pleasant to the touch.
• A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative touch.

• Cork insulation is not very thick, so it does not make the area of ​​the room smaller - this quality sets it apart from other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol at its core is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which helps to reflect heat into the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with foil coating

• Before installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for cork covering.
• Penofol can be secured to smooth walls using double-sided construction tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side facing the room. This creates a kind of thermos for effective heat retention.
• Stripes penofol laid end to end. They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

• A sheathing of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed on top of the penofol fixed to the wall. This frame with a tanet base for installing lining or wall cladding plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or thoroughly puttied and sanded, and then painted.
• It is very important when installing drywall or lining at the top and bottom of the structure to leave a gap that will serve as a ventilation hole for air circulation to prevent moisture from accumulating.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as its long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a living space from the inside, you must first examine all wall surfaces on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold stains on it, then you can begin preparing the surface and purchasing insulation material. Carrying out such work on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited. Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect, but it can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, making it damp and unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or mildew are extremely dangerous to people’s health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions .

In general, any of the methods presented in the publication of an apartment from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process can be carried out independently.

The construction of houses using ready-made panel assemblies was intended by the developers as the highest quality and quick way construction of residential buildings. The finished slabs, as if in a children’s construction set, were assembled into a single rigid structure, and the joints and cracks that inevitably formed when joining two reinforced concrete slabs, were sealed with improvised materials. The poor quality of joint sealing has led to the fact that after ten years of operation, the problem of sealing interpanel seams in panel houses has become one of the most pressing and pressing.

What does sealing the interpanel seam give?

One could ignore the crumbling interpanel joints if the sealant and mastic spilling out of the inter-panel space did not lead to serious problems:

• The structure of a panel house is such that an increase in size or complete destruction sealing leads to the formation of huge gaps between the walls and floor, through which water and cold penetrate into the apartment;
• Regular freezing of water accumulated in the interpanel joint gradually destroys the edges of reinforced concrete slabs, which, in turn, can lead to its partial destruction with the formation of huge holes and chips.

For your information! The service life of materials, mastic and sealant used to seal interpanel joints, even under ideal operating conditions, rarely exceeds ten years.

If during the shrinkage of the panel house box there was movement or settlement of the foundation, then the sealant from the interpanel seam could collapse and fall out in just a couple of years. The technology for processing interpanel seams provided for a two-layer seal, consisting of insulation, waterproofing and an outer mastic layer that protects the porous mass from moisture and solar ultraviolet radiation.

The first attempts to repair interpanel seams by numerous handicraft and semi-legal companies came down to simply filling the joint between the slabs with ordinary bitumen mass, which is used to patch holes in roofing coverings high-rise buildings. The destroyed edges and cavities of the interpanel seam were filled with polymer concrete mass and covered with a mixture of resin and tar. To prevent the black spot from irritating the residents of the panel house, traces of repairs were painted over with paint to match the building's façade. Such a seal survived a maximum of one or two hot summers, during which the bitumen melted and flowed out of the joints. In addition, the thermal insulation properties of such sealing of interpanel seams were practically zero.

Even with successful repair on the corners of apartments panel houses Frost continued to appear, moisture condensed and fungal plaque grew. But most often, in winter, the bitumen seal came away from the concrete wall like a cake and played the role of an improvised drainage gutter. Rain flows of water flowing down the panel walls were redirected by the peeled seal directly into the cavity of the interpanel seam. It was especially difficult for the residents of the first and last floors houses whose apartments could be subject to real flooding.

With the advent of PPU aerosol packaging, interpanel seams began to be sealed using polyurethane foam. Foamed seams retained heat well, but quickly became unusable due to freezing and the destructive effect of solar ultraviolet radiation.

Modern techniques and materials for sealing interpanel seams

The problem required a comprehensive solution, so today several types of materials are used to seal and repair interpanel joints:

• Polyurethane foam;
• Sealant or mastic for sealing waterproofing;
• Polyethylene foam or propylene foam tubular thermal insulation;
• Plaster cement-sand mixture.

The general technique for repairing a joint comes down to several sequential operations. Initially, the interpanel seam is filled with foam, a heat insulation pipe is laid, after which the entire set of insulating materials is sealed with sealant and sometimes plastered at the level of the vertical walls.

In addition, the methodology for determining the area of ​​the seam that is subject to repair has also changed. If previously the place for repair was determined by eye, with a small allowance of half a meter on each edge, today there is a clear repair algorithm. If a section of a vertical joint has been damaged, then all adjacent horizontal seams are subject to revision and repair. Similarly, if a destruction of the interpanel seam is detected at a horizontal interpanel joint, then sections of the vertical seams crossing the problematic horizon must be repaired.

Typical technologies for repairing and sealing interpanel seams

To make the expensive process of sealing seams less costly, specialists have developed three standard repair technologies, differing in the depth and scope of work:

1. The first type is the restoration of the mastic sealing layer. If a random check and revision of the interpanel seam showed good quality work, then a new layer of waterproofing is simply coated on the outer layer of sealant, the insulation and water barrier are not removed from the joint;
2. The second type involves a complete replacement of waterproofing;
3. The third type, more often referred to as " warm seam", provides for a deep replacement of the heat insulator, hydraulic barrier and external mastic coating.

Advice! From the practice of using sealants various kinds and composition, the polyurethane adhesive “Germaflex 1227” has proven itself to be the most effective; in addition to excellent adhesion to concrete, the material allows you to obtain a very dense and durable joint, impermeable to water.

How to perform a major overhaul of an interpanel seam

The most difficult is to carry out repairs with complete replacement and sealing of insulation and waterproofing systems. Initially, you need to open and clean the interpanel seam from old insulating material, waterproofing residues and the sealing layer. Workers have to remove old caulking material manually using a spatula and a carpenter's cutter at a height, in a suspended painting bench. To clean interpanel seams, there are many cleaning attachments for pneumatic drills that allow you to cut rubber and plastic, as they say, down to white concrete, but working with them at height is not always convenient.

After cleaning, the cavity of the interpanel seam is sprayed with water and filled with foam. Next, without waiting for the foam to fully expand, a tube made of foamed polyethylene, for example, Vilaterm, or polypropylene, Penoflex polyurethane foam, is placed into the joint. After rolling the thermal insulation, the pipe is re-inflated with foam. After curing, it is necessary to trim the layer of cured foam so that the sealant does not protrude beyond the surface of the building facade.

Application of sealant, as well as stripping, can be done manually or with a gun. The work is difficult and requires considerable physical strength. You can easily squeeze a whole tube of sealant into the cavity of the interpanel seam with one hand, but it’s another matter if you need to use a couple of dozen cylinders per day. Therefore, they often try to apply sealant the old fashioned way, with a spatula. The durability of the interpanel seam and its durability depend on how accurately and efficiently the layer of sealant is laid. Average term service life is about 10 years.

After sealing with sealant, the interpanel seam must be sealed with a plaster solution that protects the polymer from frost and oxidation.

What to choose for sealing the interpanel seam

One of the conditions for high-quality repair of interpanel joints is the use of correctly selected sealant material. The most common are polyurethane-based sealants; they are valued primarily for their high strength and durability of the coating.

Polyurethane does not always withstand strong temperature changes, sometimes because of this the sealant material cracks, so for more severe climatic conditions silane sealants are used. They should be distinguished from silicone ones, which are much cheaper and tolerate temperature contrast worse. Considered the cheapest and most accessible acrylic sealants, in practice, due to its low strength, acrylic is more suitable for sealing fixed joints.

If your house or apartment is cold and uncomfortable in the cold, and you continue to pay huge sums for heating, then it’s worth considering whether there is a reason why the heat is not retained indoors. The simplest assumption is that heat escapes through the walls.

But internal insulation is usually carried out only in extreme cases, for example, when authorities impose a ban on changing the facade. If there is a seam between buildings behind the wall, then external thermal insulation will also be impossible. Sometimes this approach cannot be implemented when there is an elevator shaft behind the wall or unheated room, to which there is no access.

Features of insulation from the inside

If you are faced with the question of how to insulate the walls of a brick house from the inside, then you must remember that the main problem when carrying out such work is the fact that the wall may begin to freeze even more. This causes the dew point to shift as moisture begins to condense, moving onto the wall surface. Condensation causes dampness, which destroys materials and the finishing layer. All this contributes to the deterioration thermal insulation properties insulation, and heat loss turns out to be even higher; high humidity is added to this problem.

Brick walls are subject to greater destruction. In order to avoid this, you should choose insulation materials that have minimal vapor permeability and no moisture absorption. During installation, there should be no joints or seams between the panels through which condensed moisture could penetrate into the premises. These criteria are not suitable:

• liquid ceramics;
• mineral wool;
• drywall;
• cork covering;
• warm plaster.

The last option can only be used on final stage. Moisture-absorbing fibrous and vapor-permeable materials are not suitable for thermal insulation of walls from the inside. It is better to avoid expanded polystyrene, because with it it is quite difficult to achieve proper joining of the material to the walls without using a solution. The joints between the canvases will play an important role in reducing the tightness.

What to consider before starting insulation

Before you insulate a wall from the inside with your own hands, you must make sure that it is as dry as possible. The insulation must have minimal vapor permeability and high moisture resistance. The wall must be protected with hydro- and vapor barrier. The insulation layer should not have cracks, joints or gaps.

If you want to insulate the walls of your apartment from the inside in panel house, then as one of good decisions the construction of another wall indoors is in progress. It should fit tightly with the outer one or be separated from it by an air gap. Sometimes a layer of thermal insulation is placed between these surfaces, which acts as a buffer. But such events reduce usable area rooms up to 7 m3.

Material selection

Before starting work, you should ask yourself the question of how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. For example, polyurethane foam allows you to create a moisture-resistant barrier with high thermal insulation properties. The problem can only be expressed in the method of application. Initially, the material is a foamed liquid that quickly hardens. To form a level base and sufficient thickness, formwork should be installed, filling inner space in parts. Using wireframes will not produce results. Elements of such a system made of metal or wood can also become sources of dampness.

After forming the surface of the insulating layer, it is necessary to install hydro and vapor protection. For this purpose it is used polyethylene film, which is fixed to adjacent walls, floor and ceiling using slats. Gluing is carried out with mastic or sealant.

Polyurethane foam has low strength and density. This indicates that subsequent finishing and plastering will not be possible. To do this, it is necessary to build plasterboard walls, which are erected on a frame and fixed to the adjacent wall, floor and ceiling. in this case it will be located at the junction of polyurethane foam and the wall or in the thickness of the thermal insulation.

Insulation using a double wall

If you want to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, then you can use the “Double Wall” technology. The warm floor will act as a thermal barrier. Installed on the wall surface heating elements. Heating can be turned on only in severe frosts to warm the inner surface of the wall and shift the dew point.

For normal finishing of the room, a second wall made of plasterboard or brick is installed. The insulation is mounted on the false wall from the side of the opening. This option will save you in severe frosts and prevent destruction, as well as the formation of dampness. But you will spend a lot of money on electricity. This is due to the fact that you will heat not only the volume of air in the room, but also the street.

Using penoplex

If you still haven’t decided how to insulate the walls of your house from the inside, you can use expanded polystyrene or penoplex. Due to the fact that it does not meet the specifications for such work, it is necessary to pay special attention to installation work. The material is smooth sheets of dense material. Joints will certainly form between them during the installation process. It will not be possible to get rid of them completely, so you will have to apply a layer of sealant to the ends.

The technology of applying the solution in separate cakes should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that as a result, air chambers are formed where condensation accumulates. In this case, water finds cracks to escape into the room. The only option would be to apply glue to the entire sheet and tightly adhere the material to the wall over the entire area. Before applying the solution, it is necessary to use a needle roller to treat the surface of the material. This will ensure best penetration solution. This is especially true for the option with penoplex.

This method of fastening will require leveling the wall. Use regular cement-sand mortar it is forbidden. It is better to use a mixture that forms a moisture-proof layer. You should also avoid using anchors. This is explained by the fact that leaky transitions will form in the places where they are installed.

If you plan to use the mesh reinforcement method and will apply plaster over foam plastic, then the structure should be reinforced with profiles that are located between the insulation sheets and fixed at the top and bottom to the floor and ceiling.

Work order

If you decide to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, then after choosing a specific method of carrying out the work, you must bring the surface to ideal condition. To do this, the old coating in the form of cladding, decorative elements, paint and wallpaper is removed from the base. The plaster is also removed. You must see concrete slab or brickwork.

The surface should be cleaned of dust and dirt using a broom and vacuum cleaner. Particular attention should be paid to places where the walls were particularly damp. Before insulating the wall from the inside, it should be treated with an antiseptic and coated with a primer. After each operation, the base is left until it dries.

It should be primed with a deep-penetrating compound. If you plan to use foam plastic or heating elements, then the wall is plastered and leveled. In this process, you can use water repellents, ready-made mixtures for finishing swimming pools and bathrooms. In this case, the plastering method using beacons is suitable. The technology is relevant if the magnitude of the differences is more than 10 mm.

The layer of plaster should dry within several days. This is the only way the material will gain normal strength. This process should not be accelerated by heaters. The surface of the plaster is primed again. This step should be omitted if we are talking about concrete walls, which are smooth. In the case of them, you can seal the joints with a moisture-resistant solution, mastic or sealant.

Insulation process

Quite often, home craftsmen are faced with the question of how to insulate a wall from the inside. In each case the technology will be different. Some nuances have been described above. After installing the thermal insulation layer, a drying period follows. Only then can you begin installing the second wall, where a finishing layer such as tiles, wallpaper, paint or cork will be applied.

To install plasterboard boards, you must form a frame. The slabs will be attached to the ceiling, floor and walls. A gap of 5 cm should be left between the thermal insulation and the wall. If you want to use high-density polystyrene foam, you can limit yourself to applying reinforcing mesh and plastering. But durability and results will depend on the quality of foam installation. The joints between the sheets must be coated with sealant, and the sheets are fixed to an evenly thin layer of mortar.

Insulation of a corner apartment with mineral wool

If you were among those who wondered how to insulate corner wall from the inside, then you can use mineral wool as a material for the work. It consists of natural fibers, is environmentally friendly and is made from rocks by melting them. The fabrics of this thermal insulation have low weight, excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Mineral wool is ready to last for quite a long time, and is installed on the wall between guides made of a metal profile or wood blocks.

How to insulate a wall from the inside? This question is quite relevant for residents of corner apartments. When installing mineral wool on walls, you must take care of waterproofing. This is important, because a moistened heat insulator loses its properties. Before installation, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film. You can make the frame from wooden slats, the distance between which will be equal to the width of the insulation board. You need to subtract about 2 cm from this value.

After laying the mineral wool, it is followed by a layer of vapor barrier or superdiffusion membrane. Slats are packed onto the guides, which will create an air gap, which is necessary for moisture to evaporate from the superdiffusion membrane. Drywall or plywood is placed on the slats. It is better to work with mineral wool wearing glasses and gloves, as well as a respirator.

Insulation of a corner apartment using polystyrene foam

If you are concerned about the question of how to insulate a wall in corner apartment from the inside, then for this you can also use polystyrene foam. It is more common because it is easy to install and its cost is affordable. For your apartment, you can purchase expanded polystyrene, which contains substances that prevent ignition. Before laying the slabs on the leveled wall, apply liquid waterproofing. Tile adhesive should be applied to the insulation sheets. The tool used for this is a comb spatula.

After filling the entire area of ​​the wall, a mounting mesh is glued on top, which is covered with putty. Once it has dried, the surface can be wallpapered or painted. Before you insulate a wall from the inside, you should think about what material to use. If you use foam plastic or penoplex, then fungus and mold can form between the moisture-proof layer and the wall. This also applies to foil penofol. This is due to the fact that the wall is panel or brick house stops breathing, and in conditions of a cold circuit and access to moisture, it begins to become covered with condensation.

Insulation using drywall

If you want to solve the problem of how to insulate brick wall from the inside, you can use technology that involves the use of drywall. This method is fast and simple. A distance of 3 cm should be maintained from the rough surface to the front base. As this space increases, more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method is great for large premises, because the wall thickens during the installation of thermal insulation.

The process begins with the installation of a frame made of metal profiles. They are removed 2 cm from the wall. The frame must be made of galvanized profile. A tape is glued to the base of the elements to isolate the surface from the plaster. This will protect the drywall from the cold that is transmitted through metallic profile. Mineral wool is placed into the cavity of the frame, and the layer between the wall and the drywall will also become insulation.

The next step is to install the drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity, you should not save money - it is better to purchase moisture resistant material. At the final stage, the slabs are finished with wallpaper.

Thermal insulation in a panel house

How to insulate a panel wall from the inside is a pressing question that interests many apartment owners. To carry out the work, you can use plaster. If we are talking about brickwork, then you will be able to complete the work in a short time. The material is laid in three layers, each of which is well dried.

At the first stage, the composition is applied by spraying. This will fill in all the bumps and crevices. The thickness does not exceed 10 mm. The main stage is the application of a 5 cm thick primer layer. The effectiveness of thermal insulation will depend on the quality of this stage.

If you want to know how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, you can use polystyrene foam. Even a beginner can handle its installation. But mineral wool, although an excellent option, takes up more space. It has one important advantage, which is expressed in the fact that during the fixation process the material does not need a prepared layer of plaster.

In order for living in a house to be as comfortable as possible, it should be warm and cozy. Most often, high-quality insulated walls help retain the heat that comes from heating devices. Lack of insulation leads to increased heat losses and increased heating costs. We’ll talk further about how to insulate walls in a panel house.

Wall insulation in a panel house: advantages and disadvantages

There are two main types of wall insulation:

• internal;
• external

The choice of one option or another depends on the individual capabilities of the room, its area, the type of building in which the work is carried out and the number of floors. By insulating the walls inside your home, you will receive the following benefits:

• weather and climatic conditions do not affect the insulation process in any way;
• reduction of heat losses in the room;
• ease and speed of work, since there is no need to create various kinds structural elements for wall insulation.

Despite this, internal insulation walls have the following disadvantages:

• a slight reduction in the usable area of ​​the rooms, especially important for small apartments;
• internal insulation negatively affects the overall microclimate of the room, since in the winter season condensation forms behind the wall, which, passing through the surface of the insulation, accumulates on the wall and leads to the formation of mold and mildew on it.

In order to avoid the appearance of the last drawback, you should build a so-called pie during the process of laying the insulation. It contains materials with various types of vapor permeability, while this factor is reduced closer to the outer wall.

For example, when insulating a panel house using mineral wool, it is imperative to install waterproofing in front of the insulation. Thus, the condensation that forms in the wall will gradually be removed through the concrete surface and will not enter the room. In addition, the room should be provided with a high-quality ventilation system.

Insulation for thermal insulation of internal walls should have the following characteristics:

• long service life;
• high level of fire safety and resistance to ignition;
• environmental Safety, is especially important in internal insulation, since the use of low-quality insulation materials negatively affects the health of people living in the house;
• resistance to rodents;
• maintaining shape;
• low level of heat losses.

If you have the opportunity to carry out external insulation, we recommend that you give preference to it. For its implementation, materials with high quality properties are used. Most often, they are used in a slab or matte version. Among the advantages of external insulation we note:

1. Preventing damage to the walls of the house by precipitation, low temperature and other external factors. Therefore, the building remains thermally stable both in winter and summer. The service life of the building increases significantly.
2. There are no cold bridges between the joints of the walls. Accordingly, it reduces the risk of condensation, which leads to the formation of mold and mildew on the walls.
3. Except protective functions, the choice of external insulation allows you to obtain high-quality soundproofed buildings. Ensuring that the race point is moved outside the house improves the house's resistance to wetness and condensation. At the same time, it is possible to preserve the finishing of the facade for a longer time than without the use of insulation.
4. It is possible to save usable space in the room, especially important for small one-room apartments.
5. With external insulation there is more options insulation for installation on the facade of the building rather than on the interior. In addition, the insulation will not emit substances harmful to human health inside the house.

However, external insulation must be accompanied by protection of the insulation from external factors. To do this, ventilated facades are installed on the facade surface or the insulation is finished using the wet type.

How to insulate a wall in a panel house: choosing insulation

Mineral wool is most often used to insulate walls in panel houses. To make it, slag or basalt stone is pressed and thermally treated. Due to the fibrous structure, wool is held inside warm air, thereby preventing heat loss. There are rolled and slab versions of mineral wool. Because of its non-toxicity and safety, mineral wool is used for both internal and external insulation.

The material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability, long service life, and fire safety. The only drawback of this insulation is its instability to moisture, therefore, during its installation, maximum waterproofing of the insulation should be ensured.

Installing mineral wool indoors reduces its usable area, so if possible, it is recommended to use insulation outside.

Insulating the walls outside a panel house with glass wool has its advantages. This material is highly resistant to fire and low temperatures. In addition, it has excellent resistance to moisture, rodents, mold and mildew. However, during the installation of this material, special care should be taken, since tiny particles glass can get on the mucous membranes of the body and cause allergies and irritation. Therefore, when working with this material, you should wear protective clothing and a respirator.

Glass wool has excellent soundproofing characteristics; in addition, it is resistant to shrinkage and is inexpensive compared to other types of insulation.

Among the advantages of cellulose-based insulation, we note:

• versatility of use;
• environmental safety;
• high thermal insulation performance;
• breathability.

However, this insulation itself is unstable to moisture, fungus and mold. Therefore, it is treated with special compounds that help get rid of these shortcomings.

Polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is one of the most economical options insulation. This insulation is moisture-proof, has good sound and thermal insulation characteristics, light weight and easy installation. Expanded polystyrene is resistant to bacteria, fungi and mold. A small volume of insulation has high thermal conductivity. Expanded polystyrene is most often used for insulation in the form of slabs. If you follow the installation technology, this type of insulation will serve you for a very long time.

The use of extruded polystyrene foam, which is essentially the same polystyrene foam, but has a liquid form, is characterized by higher strength and longer service life. Special equipment is used to blow polystyrene foam. The resulting coating is seamless, durable and has good performance characteristics.

After drying and pressing wood shavings, an insulation called fiberboard is formed. To connect the shavings together, a binder is used, in the form of Portland cement or magnesium salt. The material has the form of plates, on the top of which there is protective film. It is with its help that it is possible to prevent the impact of moisture, fungus and mold on the insulation. When humidity increases, the material deteriorates, so after its installation, it is recommended to plaster the surface. The material is easy to install and process. The base, after its installation, becomes strong and rigid.

Insulation based cork materials used to insulate the walls of a panel house from the inside. This insulation option is the most environmentally friendly of all the above materials. Cork insulation has high strength, low thermal conductivity and vapor permeability. The insulation is in the form of panels that are light in weight, resistant to mechanical damage and shrinkage. The material is functional and has a long service life. After installation indoors, further finishing is not necessary, since the slabs themselves have an attractive appearance. Besides, cork insulation It is resistant to various types of biological organisms. However, its only drawback is its too high cost, which is fully compensated by the advantages of the material.

To create a thermal insulation barrier that is highly resistant to moisture, insulation in the form of polyurethane foam is used. To apply this material, special equipment and formwork installation are required. Since the material polymerizes very quickly, in order to create a flat surface, formwork should be constructed from wooden boards.

After applying foamed polyurethane, its waterproofing and vapor-permeable layer should be ensured. For these purposes, most often the insulation is covered with a layer of polyethylene. Since the material has low strength, for further wall finishing, you should install plasterboard walls, so this insulation option will not only reduce the usable area, but will also require additional costs for installing plasterboard or plywood walls.

Before you start insulating the walls in a panel house, you should perform the following steps:

• choose the insulation method, type of material and its shape;
• purchase materials and additional tool, if necessary;
• insulation of external walls is carried out only at above-zero temperatures, preferably in summer;
• the walls should not be wet; use a cannon to dry them additionally;
• All decoration should be removed from the walls; for interior walls - wallpaper, paint, decorative Decoration Materials, for external walls - the facade must also be well cleaned and dried;
• to clean the walls, use a vacuum cleaner and a broom;
• before installing the insulation, apply an antiseptic composition to the surface of the walls;
• Next, you should apply a primer to the wall deep penetration, which will ensure high adhesion of the insulation to the wall.

Make sure that the wall is as dry as possible after applying the antiseptic before applying the primer. Plaster is used to further level the walls. Only after it has dried does the process of installing insulation on the panel walls begin.

To additionally seal all seams, use silicone-based sealant. The technology for installing insulation depends on what type of insulation was purchased previously. Slab or roll options are most often fixed to the wall using special fasteners with large heads. To install foam insulation options presented in liquid form, compressor equipment is used.

Heating in the wall of a panel house: insulation using polystyrene foam

After preparing the surface, leveling it and covering it with a primer, installation of insulation follows. On preparatory stage Make sure that the seams at the joints of the walls are airtight. If there is any crumbling finishing, it should be removed.

To install foam plastic on the external wall of a panel house, you should prepare several spatulas for applying glue. It is most reliable to install insulation using a combined method, that is, using glue and dowels.

You should start work from the bottom of the wall, gradually moving to the top. Install the starting strip on the lower part of the facade. It is best to use a spatula or comb to apply the glue.

Try to completely cover the wall with glue, even in uneven areas and seams. Otherwise, through cold bridges, the level of heat loss in the house will increase. After treating the surface with glue, the foam board is applied to the wall and pressed. After several days, work continues. In order to further secure the foam, special fasteners or plastic nails are used. If there are small gaps, use foam to fill them. To remove uneven surfaces from the wall after insulation, use a plastic float.

For additional reinforcement of the foam, use a mesh. First, it is used to cover the corners, then the rest of the wall. Glue is used to fix the mesh on the surface, and after it dries, the walls are leveled with plaster or special mixtures and the finishing is done.

The need for energy saving makes it important to insulate walls in a panel house that was built several decades ago.

External works on upper floors cannot be done on your own, but internal surfaces apartments are always available to increase the comfort of housing in low winter temperatures.

Insulating windows and doors will not solve the problem if there is a significant cold surface of the external walls.

Insulation methods

Proper insulation will bring the dew point out of the wall of the house

From 2 existing methods, as in a panel house (outside or inside), the location of thermal insulation on inside saves cash, but has accompanying circumstances:

• the dew point shifts to the inner edge of the wall, which negatively affects the durability of the materials of the supporting structures;
• the internal volume of the room is reduced due to the thickness of the insulation and the coating covering it;
• in order to be able to use such a wall when hanging interior items, the cladding must be durable (plywood, chipboard, fiberglass);
• each type of thermal insulation material has its own installation technology (frame construction, special equipment for applying liquid mass, the use of installed fasteners, adhesives, sealants), the need for vapor barrier;
• preparatory and installation work exclude the room from the living space for the duration of the renovation.

It is possible to minimize the magnitude of these factors by using a ventilated structure with condensate drainage, choosing insulation material with high thermal resistance and, accordingly, reducing the thickness of the structure, but they must be taken into account and calculated when planning (designing) the insulating layer.

Materials

Lightweight cladding can be covered with plaster on top

According to their own technical specifications Work on installing a heat-saving coating in a panel house from the inside is carried out from the following common materials:

• mineral wool;
• extruded;
• polyurethane foam;
• foil (reflective) thermal insulation;
• insulating paint.

When installing light insulating cladding, walls without lining the top with durable sheets of insulation boards (foam plastic, expanded polystyrene, stone basalt wool) are simply hidden with a layer of plaster:

Foam tolerates moisture well

An important criterion for selection is the non-flammability of the material and environmental safety, since it is installed indoors.

You can compare the indicators that this or that thermal insulation has using the table:

You should pay attention to fluctuations in humidity in the room - on the one hand, in excess quantities it can negatively affect the characteristics of the insulation (mineral wool), on the other hand, condensate retention contributes to the appearance and development of fungus and other microorganisms (foam plastic).

Roll materials

Mineral wool fireproof material

It is one of the popular options for insulation because it has a number of undeniable advantages:

1. Easily cut into pieces of the desired size.
2. Repeats the shape of the surface (tightness).
3. It is sufficiently vapor-permeable so that additional membranes are not used in the design.
4. Does not burn, unlike polymers, does not produce toxic smoke when heated.
5. Resistant to microorganisms.

Available in the form of rolls, stitched mats and slabs. Of all types of this material, stone is preferable basalt wool.

Foil materials reflect heat waves inside the room

Foiled polyethylene foam is used for reflection infrared radiation and creating a barrier to water vapor. To the surfaces hidden beneath finishing cladding made of sheet coverings, heat rays practically do not penetrate, so there is little point in installing reflective insulation in the walls.

Can be used as protection of mineral wool from a wet wall, additional sound insulation, vibration damping.

Natural cork is used for high-quality internal insulation of small thickness on panel walls Oh. This is the most environmentally friendly heat insulator. Performance characteristics include high strength, low thermal conductivity, low weight, durability, and elasticity. For more information about which insulation is better, watch this video:

Production is carried out both in rolls and in the form of individual slabs, which look good on the wall without subsequent finishing. The cork is resistant to biological attack.

Foam boards

Seal the joints of the plates with sealant

The technology for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside with smooth, rigid slabs of foamed polymer includes careful preparation of the surface for installation. Unresolved wall deflections will create voids in which condensation will accumulate.

The slabs are laid out staggered on a layer of glue; the use of anchor umbrellas in this case is not recommended (through passages for cold). Each joint is sealed with sealant. Another method of fastening is to lay it between a T-shaped profile fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

The thickness of the material will depend on the climate zone. The following initial data can be used in the calculation:

Extruded polystyrene foam has more high density and a lower degree of flammability.

Liquid formulations

Applying a layer of polyurethane foam requires special equipment and installation of a frame. The work is carried out by specialists with practical experience. The strength of the hardened foam is low and it is covered with a protective cladding (gypsum plasterboard, plywood). For more details, watch this video:

Liquid types of insulation include the achievement of modern science - special paints. They are expensive and require careful adherence to application technology (thickness and sequence of layers, direction of brush movement). If the instructions are violated, the thermal resistance of such a coating decreases sharply.