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A log house from a carriage: what is a carriage, features of log houses from a carriage, a Norwegian castle. What are houses made of carriages, their pros and cons? Construction of walls from carriages vertically

For the construction of residential buildings, various attention is used. It is especially popular because it has unique performance characteristics. The shape of the trunk of trees used in construction can be different. IN lately a large number of houses built from gun carriages appeared. At the same time, not everyone understands exactly what a gun carriage is. Knowing what benefits it has this type material, and how individual elements are laid, you can build reliable home, capable of serving for many years.

To begin with, it’s worth deciding what a carriage is in construction. From this point of view, a carriage is understood as logs hewn on both sides. Shaping special lock connection allows you to build a structure with high thermal insulation and strength characteristics. These were actively used in the construction of various objects, but special locking fasteners were proposed relatively recently by Norwegian builders.

The use of this material in construction with a relatively small wall thickness (only 20-24 cm) allows you to avoid using. It is mounted in a horizontal plane and is often used as floor joists.

Attention! In Russia, the carriage sometimes has a second name: double-edged or gable beam.

For woodworking, what a carriage is has a different meaning. For its production, logs with a diameter exceeding 40 cm are used. They should be in the range of 12-15%.

Choosing a log house from a gun carriage

For those who decide to use a carriage for construction, photos of log houses will help them choose the appropriate option. Most often we are talking about.

For big family this area will not be enough. In this case, either build or give preference.

The carriage has a number of advantages, thanks to which the choice is made in favor of this material. The main advantages include:

• Safety. Natural raw materials are used to produce the material;
• Ease of processing, allowing you to give the required shape;
• Attractive formed surface. The internal wall is externally indistinguishable from the surface formed from calibrated. If desired, you can refuse subsequent cladding;

• Possibility of assembling any structure without the use of metal fasteners. To increase the operational load, the ligament is strengthened during settlement using special fasteners;
• Low thermal conductivity. Wood with a thickness of 240 mm is comparable in thermal conductivity to a wall with a thickness of 380 mm;
• Uniform wall thickness;
• Saving internal space thanks to the hewn part of the logs;

• High quality of the material used due to increased requirements for raw materials and subsequent multi-stage processing;
• No deformation during subsequent operation of the erected buildings. A special manufacturing technology, which involves the use of a special “Norwegian lock,” allows for reliable fixation of each log in the nest;

• Long service life of the erected structure, ensured by its design features.

The disadvantages of this building material should include:

• Complexity, labor intensity and cost of construction work;
• Long preparatory stage, which can last for several years;
• The need for periodic treatment of walls with antiseptics, which experts recommend every 2 to 3 years. Also after 3-6 years caulking should be done.

For most, during the construction process, costs become the main criterion for choosing the appropriate option. For those who decide to choose a carriage, the price per cube will allow you to approximately estimate the cost of the material for the construction of the structure. The price depends on the transverse dimensions and configuration of the carriage:

The cost of the material also depends on the type of wood that was used to make the carriage. With the same log sizes, you will have to pay more for larch, less for pine. Cedar occupies an intermediate position.

Choosing a project for your site

Another advantage of choosing standard design is the fact that a similar structure already exists somewhere. Having learned in advance the reviews of the owners of the house from the gun carriage, we can conclude that it is advisable to build a similar object on their own.

Attention! One of the varieties is houses made of semi-laft, in which only one side is hewn, intended for forming interior wall. Such houses are similar in appearance to ordinary log houses.

Options for a bathhouse from a gun carriage

The carriage is used in the construction of buildings for various purposes. From this material you can build not only a residential building, but also. Taking into account the characteristics of the material used and special technology manufacturing, it is possible to ensure a long period of construction.

Bathhouse sizes may vary. It is not necessary to erect a one-story building large area. The design of a bathhouse made from a gun carriage with an attic looks beautiful. In this case, the area that the building will occupy remains unchanged, and the usable attic allows you to equip a recreation room of a fairly large area

From the outside, the Bathhouse may look different. It is possible to provide decorative elements to add attractiveness to the building.

Features of Norwegian technology for cutting logs and building houses

In order for the erected structure to last long enough, the logs should be properly prepared and laid. The basis of any log house is a log house, consisting of logs stacked horizontally on top of each other, forming a crown. Tree trunks longer than 6 m are used.

Attention! If the equipment allows, it is possible to process logs 11 m long. Such the material is suitable for the construction of large buildings.

The Norwegian carriage cutting technology involves the formation of a groove that ensures good joining of the elements used to form the walls. An inter-crown is inserted into the formed groove. Special notches with a wedge-shaped profile at the corners of the logs are used as locks.

Norwegian technology appeared relatively recently. Just about 15 years ago. It assumes that the wood dries out in the log house. The formation of the carriage occurs in several stages:

• The sides of the logs are cut off;
• The bark is removed from the remaining part;
• The elements are given a semi-oval shape.

If the technological requirements are met, the logs are smooth to the touch. This avoids additional processing, and also ensures a tight fit of the elements during the assembly process of the structure.

Attention! To form a log house, wood with natural moisture is used.

The use of Norwegian locks with a special design leads to the fact that as the fire monitor shrinks, the joints self-jam under the influence of gravity. This eliminates any possibility of the carriage turning. How strong the formed connection will be depends on the degree of shrinkage of the structure.

For the construction of houses, high quality timber is used that meets certain regulatory requirements. The logs must have a uniform structure along their entire length. There should be no damage or bark on their surface. In the future, it is almost impossible to get rid of existing damage: traces will remain.

An environmentally friendly antiseptic based on resins and turpentine is applied to all trunks. Particular attention is paid to the ends and areas where, as a result of processing, the fibrous structure of the wood was damaged: grooves, places of cutting. The logs are sorted by shape and length.

Logs are cut to the required size, followed by marking in accordance with the assembly drawing. When installing a log house, the logs are gelled. Dowels are used as additional fasteners that prevent movement of elements during wood drying and increase the rigidity of the structure being built. As a result, the verticality of the walls of the constructed structure remains unchanged.

Any type of wood can be used to construct buildings. Most often preference is given coniferous species: pine or larch. However, the Norwegian cedar carriage demonstrates high operational loads.

We make a carriage with our own hands

Ready-made material is expensive. This is why some homeowners decide to make a gun carriage with their own hands. In this case, the work should be performed in the following sequence:

• Log debarking. Bark from tree trunks should be removed in advance. To do this, you can use a homemade scraper or an ordinary ax. Actions must be careful to avoid damage to the surface;
• , during which the slabs should be removed. You can use a regular chainsaw equipped with a 75 cm bar. The latter should be sharpened for a longitudinal cut;
• Work at the sawmill. The equipment model is not of fundamental importance. The main thing is that its characteristics allow it to process logs of a certain size. The sawmill settings should be adapted to the required geometric parameters of the lumber. At this stage, it is formed support part carriage;
• Treatment of the remaining surfaces of the carriage. All resulting irregularities should be removed using a plane.

After the carriage is ready, the corners are cut from the carriage of the required configuration and size. Having processed all the logs, you can begin assembling the log house.

It is well known that Rus' has long been famous for the power of traditions wooden house construction, however, this is not the only state where wooden buildings have historically been preferred. For example, the traditions of Norway, where it was invented own technology construction of wooden houses from double-edged timber are in no way inferior to Russian technologies, and in a number of parameters even surpasses them. This becomes especially noticeable when combining a double-edged timber, also called a carriage, and a special “Norwegian lock” - a special smooth angled wedge-shaped connection that compacts over time and prevents the penetration of wind and water. Thus, having carefully studied this technology, experts came to the conclusion that with increasing shrinkage of the log house, the strength and reliability of the fastening increases. Initially, the carriage was considered not only a log, but also a special style of hand-cutting, which developed in Scandinavia in ancient times and still remains one of the most beloved in Norway, Finland and Sweden. Initially, the construction of houses from gun carriages was developed as a means of reducing the cost of a log house without compromising the thickness of the log and, as a result, the warmth of the house. The solution was so simple and, at the same time, original that it was soon borrowed by neighboring countries, and then spread throughout the world. Its essence was that a pine log was cut on both sides, and the resulting cut was used to arrange the roof and floors. The purpose of this solution was to use the entire array during operation and abandon additional materials, since manufacturing truss structure and internal partitions were also made from a gun carriage. In this article we will look at the main advantages and technology of building houses from gun carriages - the most advantageous Norwegian alternative to traditional Russian buildings made from round logs.

Houses made from gun carriages - a technology proven over centuries

Everything new is well forgotten old, and the construction of wooden houses is no exception. Despite the fact that the history of this technology goes back hundreds of years, this trend, forgotten for several hundred years, is on the verge of its “second youth.” Industrial development contributes to the fact that many materials are used in the construction of wooden houses known technologies, including profiled timber, rounded logs, and frame construction. However, none of them can be characterized as “tested over the centuries.” As for technologies that have been proven over the centuries, one of them is the technology of building one-story houses from gun carriages.

A carriage, also called a double-edged beam, is a log processed by hand cutting so that it takes on a semi-oval shape in which two mutually parallel planes intersect. In other words, the technology for processing logs in this way involves obtaining logs cut on both sides so that it acquires two flat surfaces. Cedar or pine logs are used to make the carriage.

Carriage humidity levels: dry and wet carriage

Construction technology Norwegian houses involves the use of both wet and dry carriages, however, the most optimal material is the last one. Houses built from dry fire carriages are characterized by reliability, high strength and the absence of through cracks, which allows you to build an environmentally friendly house that will retain heat even on the coasts blown by cold winds, which was the usual habitat for the freedom-loving Vikings who chose houses from fire carriages. Despite the impressive thickness and weight of the carriage, it can easily be dried in specialized drying chambers, where they acquire an optimal moisture content not exceeding 18-22%.

Wet carriage, the humidity level of which is 35-55%, can also be used for the construction of Norwegian houses from carriage, but they must undergo long-term natural drying and shrinkage, which postpones the time for putting the building into operation for some time. In most cases, these processes take place within one to two years. To surely convince you of the advisability of using a dry gun carriage, let’s consider its main advantages.

Advantages of a dry carriage:

• In the process of comparing the shrinkage periods of houses built from dry and wet carriages, experts came to the conclusion that the natural shrinkage of houses built from carriages characterized by high humidity, takes three times longer;
• If, before building a house, the material used is dried in specialized drying chambers, the number of cracks that appear during operation is significantly minimized;
• The wood of a dry carriage, in contrast to wet material, is characterized by more high quality. This is due to the fact that in the process heat treatment All potentially harmful microorganisms, including mold and bacteria, are killed. This significantly improves the quality of the material;
• To build a house from a timber carriage, it will take half as much time as when erecting a building from a wet carriage.
• As for the disadvantages of a dry carriage, its only disadvantage is its high cost compared to wet material.

Houses made from gun carriages photo

Important! During the operation of a log house made from a carriage, the moisture level of the wood is regulated. This parameter does not depend on weather conditions and reflects the processes of self-regulation and stabilization of humidity levels.

Houses made from chopped timber are a classic version of the Scandinavian wood construction. The carriage is a special material representing a log, which is characterized by the presence of hewn side surfaces, the so-called cheeks. Despite the fact that houses made from gun carriages retain all the advantages of the classic log house made of a round log, it will be almost flat on the outside and inside. This ensures a tighter fit of the logs to each other and increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the building.

Chamber drying of carriages: pros and cons

Forced drying is one of the main components of the woodworking industry. It is equally often used for both boards and timber, however, drying round timber- the process is much more complex (in most cases this applies to forests with a diameter of 28-30 cm). The most common type of chamber dryers are convection type designs, significant disadvantage which is considered to be deformation of the log and the appearance of cracks. Despite the fact that innovative technologies for wood drying are constantly being developed, such as microwave drying, vacuum pulse drying and others, it is still one of the most difficult tasks.

However, if we talk about half-beams - a carriage used in the construction of houses using Norwegian technology, in this case the situation is different. Due to its smaller diameter, it is easy to dry. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to dry it to furniture humidity not exceeding 8%, since this is quite expensive and impractical. It will be enough to dry the carriage to 18-22%. Once the specified moisture level is reached, most of the bound and virtually all of the free moisture is removed from the wood. Despite the fact that drying a carriage is a completely accessible process, it is much more labor-intensive than drying a board. This is due to the characteristics of the material, which do not allow the use of a hard drying mode, as this will lead to cracking of the wood. If you use a mode that is too soft, a different picture will be observed - upon exiting the drying chamber, the moisture content of the wood will remain at high level. Drying feature that will lead to optimal humidity carriage, is a short stay of the material in the drying chamber, which leads to drying surface layers wood, while the core remains wet. The use of wood with natural moisture is an essential condition for the technology of building houses from gun carriages, since the material dries directly in the log house.

Important! The ideal building material for constructing houses using Norwegian technology is northern forest, which provides maximum thermal insulation characteristics of the building. In Russia, such material is considered to be Karelian and Arkhangelsk wood, as well as wood from other northern regions characterized by cold, long winters. Wood from Finland is no less in demand.

Projects of Norwegian houses from gun carriages

Design features of houses made from gun carriages

A distinctive feature of the Norwegian log house is a specific method of fastening the logs, which is called the “Norwegian castle”. The relatively small spread of this technique is due to the fact that technological features This method is difficult to describe in words, just as it is difficult to learn it from books. In order for this connection to meet all the requirements for it, it is necessary to carry out a long and careful adjustment of the structural elements. What is the reason for this complication of cutting? According to experts, it pursues five main goals, the essence of which will be outlined below.

Due to the fact that this method implies more cut corners, this indicates its high reliability;

• Between two adjacent structural elements, the contact area increases, and accordingly the friction force increases;
• This technique involves a bevel angle that determines the impact gravitational force on structural elements. This helps distribute the load inside the ligament, making it stronger and denser. In this regard, it is possible to draw conclusions about the direction of the load to strengthen the connection between the crowns;
• Due to the fact that this technology eliminates foreign fastening elements, there are no points of excess stress, which contributes to an even distribution of the load through the tree, which is characterized by relative softness;
• This method of fastening is characterized by the presence of a multi-plane interface and stepped differences that help block or at least significantly reduce drafts.

After analyzing these data, we can come to the conclusion that such a multidisciplinary approach to building houses using the “Norwegian castle” method can be fully explained by the operational characteristics of the building, which can be erected by skillfully combining reason and technology.

Advantages of wooden houses made of carriages

The high thermal insulation characteristics of the carriage determine its competitive relationship with laminated veneer lumber. At the same time, despite the use of even imported material, it costs almost twice as much. In addition, the environmental characteristics of a structure built from laminated veneer lumber are in many ways inferior to those of Norwegian houses made from gun carriages. Let's consider the main advantages of one-story houses made of gun carriages, thanks to which they became popular in Russia.

• Thermal insulation characteristics- one of the main advantages of Norwegian log houses, the assembly technology of which involves reducing heat loss. This is due to the characteristics of the material (the use of round logs with a diameter of 28 to 60 cm), which helps to reduce the number of crowns per unit height of the structure, the number of which does not exceed 8-12 for one floor. Moreover, unlike the traditional Russian log house, which is characterized by a decrease in wall thickness at the joints of the logs, the Norwegian log house is characterized by a uniform wall thickness of at least 20 cm.

Important! If we talk about thermal insulation characteristics at home with brick walls, its thermal conductivity cannot compete with this indicator for wood. For example, the thermal conductivity of perforated brick is 0.63 W/mK, while the thermal conductivity of wood does not exceed 0.15 W/mK. Thus, if we compare brick house with a wall thickness of 1 meter, and a Norwegian log house, the wall thickness of which is 20-25 cm, they will be characterized by the same thermal conductivity;

• Availability of additional living space, which appears due to the hewn part of the logs acquiring a flat surface. Moreover, the increase in the internal volume of the structure is facilitated by the small diameter of the carriage - no more than 20 cm. This distinguishes houses from carriages, the projects of which are presented in this article, from bulky log walls that steal a significant amount of living space. At the same time, in terms of thermal protection, a 20-centimeter carriage is not inferior to 30-centimeter log walls made of round logs;
• Features of assembling houses from gun carriages require careful selection of building materials, which undergoes multi-stage processing, combining the use of the most modern equipment and manual labor. If the side surfaces of logs are trimmed at a sawmill, then it is only planed manually. This guarantees maximum even and smooth wall surfaces, which significantly simplifies and minimizes interior decoration;
• The complex system of connecting the crowns ensures that houses made from carriages are absolutely not subject to deformation. The features of the “Norwegian lock” ensure reliable fixation of the logs in the nests, as a result of which they do not change their position. In addition, due to the unique design of the “Norwegian castle”, the shrinkage of the structure and the shrinkage of the wood contributes to even greater self-jamming of the frame crowns under the weight of its own weight. This system guarantees an absolute absence of cracks and 100% thermal protection;

• Long service life buildings provided by the design features of the building. The roof and walls of a house made of gun carriages are a single whole, that is, the wall is a continuation of the roof, which is so dense that it allows the walls of the building to be securely fastened together;
• High aesthetic characteristics. Carriage recognized ideal material for those who are a true connoisseur of the beauty and environmental friendliness of natural wood. Buildings made from gun carriages are characterized by an ideal appearance and are rightfully considered the pride of their owner. Due to the fact that Norwegian houses look solid and reliable, they are enjoying growing popularity among consumers everywhere. At the same time, the owner of a house made from a gun carriage does not have to worry that the structure will lose its thermal insulation characteristics;
• Saving on construction and finishing materials- another advantage of houses made of gun carriages. Unlike a log house, in order to build a reliable house from a carriage, you will need fewer elements. Moreover, the carriage design makes it possible to avoid additional insulation and sound insulation, since they are obviously at a high level. There is no need for external and internal finishing of walls with clapboard or block house, which also helps to reduce construction costs.

Important! One of interesting varieties buildings made of carriages are houses made of half carriages - logs that are hemmed together only on one side (the inside of the building). The use of such material will not only facilitate the process of finishing the house, but will also allow you to create original interior dwellings. The appearance of the building from the outside will resemble a traditional log house, while the hewn inner surface logs will contribute to the expansion of useful living space, which makes such a structure twice as profitable.

How to build a house from a gun carriage: assembly features

Having familiarized yourself with the projects of Norwegian fire carriage houses and assessed the size of the construction budget, you can safely begin the process of building a house. In the process of constructing such buildings, northern pine is used - an accessible and relatively inexpensive building material. If the trunk diameter is 28-36 cm, then after processing the diameter finished material will be 21-22 cm.

Important! As for pre-processing, it includes the following steps:

• Manufacturing a carriage using specialized equipment;
• Sharpening a log and then applying markings on it, which should only be done experienced craftsman, since the quality of the connection of logs and the subsequent operational characteristics of the building depend on its correctness.

Subsequent stages of work:

• Having marked the log with a line, which is performed by a carpenter using special tools, you need to cut out a castle - a Norwegian bowl. This stage of work is quite complex and delicate and must be carried out with certain experience;
• Using a line, mark a longitudinal groove, which is selected using an adze - an ax characterized by a special shape;
• Next, grind the joints, which is necessary in order to ensure maximum density and smoothness of the joints;
• The final stage of preparing the building material is treating it with an antiseptic. For this purpose, specialized compounds are used that have antiseptic characteristics and prevent rotting of the wood and the appearance of mold stains on it.
• Having prepared the material, they begin to construct the building. The basis of the structure is a strip-type foundation, which is a monolithic concrete base. Before you begin assembling the house, a waterproofing layer is laid on the foundation to prevent damage to the lower crowns.
• After this, the building is assembled, which takes quite a long time, since it requires the most durable fit of parts, guaranteeing an accurate connection of the elements of the house. In door and window openings select a groove, the width of which is 50 mm, which must be inserted into the guide beam, which is the basis for fastening the window frames and door block. This helps to preserve the doors and windows during the shrinkage of the log house - after that they will “fall” into place, dry completely and be tightly pressed to the logs, which guarantees the absence of cracks.

• In order to install the ceiling, use wooden beams, characterized by a section size of 150x200 mm. To give your home interior an original look appearance, in most cases the ceiling is left open.

• Regarding finishing Norwegian house from a carriage, then it can be carried out using various stylistic solutions. In most cases, craftsmen recommend giving preference to the classic option, which involves treating the walls with translucent protective compounds that preserve their natural beauty. The use of different colors is also encouraged, since processing with different paint and varnish materials will not only increase the level of protection of the building, but also make it as attractive as possible.

In conclusion, we note that houses made from gun carriages are one of the most reliable construction options that will become best choice in regions with cold climates. Unique technology connecting logs allows you to build reliable structures whose service life exceeds tens and hundreds of years. The growing popularity of such houses in Norway and the northern regions of Russia once again proves this.

For the construction of baths they use different materials, the most popular option is considered. And for purchase already ready-made baths often choose . But there is another option that came to us from the Scandinavian countries - this is a gun carriage. Despite the fact that the popularity of this material is increasing every year, many are still unfamiliar with it, although the gun carriage has many advantages.

Features of a bathhouse made from a gun carriage, advantages and disadvantages

A carriage is a log hewn on both sides. His vertical walls smooth and straight, such material is often called “double beam” or “half beam”. The Norwegians were the first to use such material; they also came up with an original locking connection that ensures high structural strength and a good level of heat retention.

The lower part of the log is adjusted closely to the dimensions of the adjacent one, so the walls are obtained without gaps. During construction, logs are connected wedge by wedge; this fastening is called a “Norwegian castle.”

Laft baths: advantages

• environmental friendliness. Wood is a classic and safe material that helps create a special microclimate in the bathhouse; it does not contain dangerous chemical components or adhesive components;
• high strength, because the “Norwegian lock” fastening is used. There will be no deformation during the drying process;
• aesthetics. A bathhouse made from a gun carriage looks attractive and neat even without external decoration;
• a good level of heat retention, since the logs fit tightly to each other, without unnecessary gaps. In addition, the logs have a large diameter (300-450 mm), so there are fewer gaps than when building a bathhouse from other materials;
• no need for external and internal finishing;
• profitability, the cost of construction is reduced, because less thermal insulation material is needed;
• bathhouses made from gun carriages are more spacious inside compared to buildings made from rounded logs with the same external parameters;
• light weight of the structure, so there is no need to build a powerful foundation.

Laft baths: disadvantages

• the need to treat wood with an antiseptic. The logs are hewn and their cores are exposed, so there is a high risk of rotting, special means will help prevent this process;
• the price of building from a gun carriage will be higher than building a bathhouse from logs or timber;
• the appearance of cracks in logs. Over time, the structure of the carriage collapses, but there is nothing to worry about, since the cracks are not through.

If we compare the complexity of constructing a structure, it is easier to build bathhouses from timber. The main problem with bathhouses made from carriages is the implementation of the locking connection. A simple solution will be a purchase ready-made structures. Many companies offer carriages already adjusted to size with locks; all you have to do is assemble the bathhouse.

Do-it-yourself sauna from a gun carriage: construction features

If we talk about the construction of a bathhouse from a gun carriage, then, in fact, it is practically no different from construction from a rounded log or timber: the foundation is built in the same way, etc. The main difference is in the construction of walls.

Pine, oak or cedar are used for construction. The diameter of the logs can be different: from 280 mm to 600 mm or more. In order to prevent cracks from appearing on the logs, longitudinal cuts are made while drying. Shrinkage is about 5-15 cm.

The angular connection of logs is similar to the Russian version of fastening, when the ends protrude along the edges, and the beams are fastened using a “bowl”. But if in a Russian bath the bowl has a semicircular shape, then the Norwegian lock has a secret wedge that fits into the groove lower crown.

The difference is that in a Russian bathhouse, insulation is placed in the groove; in the Norwegian version, a hidden spike eliminates this need and reliably protects it from moisture and wind.

The first crown should be placed on embedded boards 6 cm thick. The log house is first assembled without dowels, then its quality needs to be checked and defects corrected, only then major assembly can be carried out.

Particular attention should be paid to the issue of bathhouse ventilation. Typically, in wooden buildings, air circulation is carried out due to the gaps between individual logs, but when building from a gun carriage, there are no gaps, so small holes should be made under the roof - vents.

As a rule, logs or beams are used for construction. However, there is an alternative material that came to us quite recently from the Scandinavian countries - this is a gun carriage. Every year it becomes more and more popular in our country, so next we will look at how a bathhouse is built from a gun carriage, what are the features of this technology and how it differs from the construction of a conventional log house.

What is a carriage

The carriage is a log that is half hewn. Main feature The construction of walls from this material is a wedge-to-wedge connection, which is called a “Norwegian castle”. In addition, the lower part of the log is adjusted closely to the dimensions of the adjacent carriage.

Such a connection turns out to be much more reliable and stronger than the traditional “cup” when constructing ordinary log cabins. In ancient times in Scandinavian countries, this technology was used in the construction of fortresses, which indicates its reliability.

Features of a bathhouse made from a gun carriage

Advantages

Such a bath contains many advantages, among which the following points can be highlighted:

• Unprecedented strength.
• The tightness of the connections ensures good heat retention, which allows you to save on thermal insulation materials. In addition, the walls do not require additional caulking.
• The baths are also warm because the material used is large in diameter - 300-450 mm. Thanks to this, the walls are not only thick, but there are also fewer crowns per unit height.
• The structure turns out to be beautiful and elegant, so it always attracts with its appearance.
• The surface of the walls is flat, making it convenient to hang pictures, arrange furniture, etc.

In the photo - the construction of a bathhouse from a gun carriage

In addition, such baths have all the advantages of wooden houses, among which are:

• Environmental friendliness;
• Excellent microclimate;
• A wooden steam room heats up faster than a brick structure;
• Does not need finishing;
• Construction of a wooden steam room is cheaper than construction of a brick building.

Flaws

Of course, there are no advantages without disadvantages; therefore, fire monitors also have some flaws:

• Because the logs are hewn, the core of the wood is exposed, causing the material to begin to rot over time. To prevent this process, it is necessary to treat the wood with an antiseptic.
• The price of such a bathhouse will be higher than construction using conventional logs or timber.
• When making a carriage, the structure of the wood is disrupted, which is why cracks appear on the logs. True, you should not be afraid of them, since these cracks are not through.

Construction Features

In general, the construction of a bathhouse from this material is not much different from the construction of log houses from timber or round timber. The same foundation is used, the roof is also installed, etc. Basically, the differences lie only in the construction of the walls.

Walling

When constructing standard log cabins, the connection is made into a cup. Its obvious disadvantage is the need to wait for the building to shrink, which may take a year or even more. At the same time, the more dried the logs are, the better, since they will shrink faster and smaller.

When building a bathhouse or other structure using a carriage, logs of natural moisture are used. Since when constructing walls it is used angular method fastenings (“Norwegian Castle”), when dry, the logs begin to fit even more tightly to each other, we can say that the logs “cling to each other” even more strongly. In this case, the shrinkage is not so significant.

Advice! It is best to use cedar to build a bathhouse, since this wood is not afraid of temperature changes, exposure chemicals. In addition, cedar has healing properties.

Ventilation

As a rule, in wooden walls, ventilation is carried out due to cracks in the joints of the walls, however, in the structure under consideration, these cracks are absent. Therefore, small openings are made under the roof for air exchange, which are called vents. These openings must be made around the perimeter of the entire building so that they are present in every room.

Pay attention! In the steam room it is necessary to make not only one hole at the top, but also two at the bottom.

Bath heating

Some kind of fundamental difference There is no such heating bath. An ordinary one does this task perfectly.

When installing it, you must follow two basic rules:

• The stove should be located at a distance of at least 30 cm from the walls;
• The stove must be mounted on a pedestal to prevent the wooden floor from catching fire.

Ready-made baths made from gun carriages

Building a steam room from a carriage with your own hands is much more difficult than a timber frame, since the main difficulty lies in making the locking connection. However, many companies offer ready-made designs.

In this case, the buyer can only assemble the bathhouse, which is accompanied by instructions, like a construction set. All logs are already adjusted at the factory and have locks. In this case, construction.

As a rule, when purchasing ready-made structures, companies offer a choice various projects baths from a gun carriage. Thanks to this, you can choose a structure suitable size, With optimal quantity premises.

Pay attention! When installing doors and windows, it is necessary to take into account that the log house in any case goes through the shrinkage stage. Therefore, doors and windows are installed on a special structure. Over time, the structure falls into place and the pressure on the frames decreases.

Conclusion

If we compare all the advantages and disadvantages of bathhouses built from gun carriages with other types of log houses, then we can say with complete confidence that this material is excellent option. A bathhouse made from a gun carriage always turns out to be warm and comfortable, so the cost of it is completely justified.

For more information on this topic, watch the video in this article.

Norwegian logging technology was developed in the Scandinavian countries. The uniqueness of this technique lies in its independent, that is, under the influence of only own strength gravity, jamming of complex log locks. Of course, in a classic Russian felling, the logs also jam after drying, but for the construction of houses with a Norwegian castle it is not used round log, and the gun carriage.

A carriage or laft, as the Swedes and Norwegians say, is lumber with an oval cross-section, ideally planed. The opposite vertical walls of the carriage are absolutely smooth and straight. Often builders call the carriage a half-beam or double-edged beam. The corner connection of the “Norwegian lock” carriage is characterized by minimal airflow, that is, the almost complete ability to exclude direct air from outside into the premises.

For the manufacture of half-beams, pine, cedar or oak wood is used, namely logs with a diameter of 330-600 mm or more, exclusively of natural moisture. Minimum diameter logs can be 280 mm.

To prevent cracking, longitudinal cuts are made on the logs during the drying period. After completion of construction and final drying of the wood (this period takes up to 4-5 years), the amount of shrinkage of the walls averages from 5 to 15 cm (for one- and two-story buildings, respectively).

The carriage can be made by hand, but it is best to order cutting on a sawmill. There, the sidewalls will be removed from each log, after which the bark will need to be cut off from the semicircular ends.

Debarking is done manually using an electric planer. The double-edged half-beam prepared for cutting locks is completely white, has a thickness of 200 to 220 mm and a height of at least 28-40 mm.

The slab removed during cutting does not go to waste; it is used for arranging rough floors and roofs.

Features of Norwegian felling and construction from gun carriages

Norwegian technology has a number of undeniable advantages.

The first of them is the highest heat saving rate. Due to its complexity, the Norwegian castle is the most warm view connections from all existing ones. If you pay attention to the height of the carriage, you will notice that only 3-4 half-beams will give an increase in height of about 1 meter or more. To build a one-story house, 10-12 crowns are enough. Accordingly, fewer connections and joints have a positive effect on the overall tightness of the building.

The second advantage is that the thickness of the walls is the same over the entire area, which in turn is sufficient for high-quality heat and sound insulation. According to their own technical specifications wooden walls twenty centimeter thickness correspond brickwork up to one hundred centimeters thick.

Thermal conductivity:

• wood – 0.15 W/(mK);
• horizontally perforated brick – 0.63 W/(mK).

There is no need to additionally insulate the walls from the carriage. There are financial savings and reduction in construction costs. Wood only needs periodic treatment with antiseptic impregnations or painting; covering the walls with ventilated facades from the outside or finishing with clapboard from the inside is not necessary due to the external aesthetics and attractiveness of the walls as a whole.

Smooth, flat wall surface does not steal excess living space, like, for example, round timber. Buildings made from gun carriages are easy to design; installation of any communications in the walls is carried out without any particular difficulties. On smooth walls You can hang any shelves, attach bath shelves and cabinets, place utensils and furniture in the room. This is the third advantage of technology.

Fourth advantage - reliability. Structures built using Norwegian technology are very stable and impeccably rigid. There is no deformation as such during the drying process. Logs jammed under their own weight technically cannot turn in the locks.

The fifth, no less important advantage is environmental friendliness. Wood cannot be treated with adhesives or hazardous chemicals, such as laminated veneer lumber.

It is extremely difficult to destroy a structure made from double-edged laft half-beams. Rigid walls form a single whole with the gables. And the role of rafters is performed by sleighs - large-diameter logs connecting opposite gables.

A building made from a gun carriage will last a very long time and will stand out favorably among neighboring houses made of stone and brick. The main thing is to properly equip the foundation, taking into account the proximity of groundwater (wood tends to accumulate moisture from the soil) and do not forget about treating the wood with an antiseptic / fire protection / paints or varnishes.

Norwegian bowls: compared with Russian cutting

The corner connection is somewhat similar to the classic Russian felling “in the oblo”, that is, with a remainder or protruding ends. However, if in the Russian cabin the bowls are semicircular in shape, then the Norwegian castle has a secret wedge (tenon) that fits into the groove of the lower crown, and on top the castle resembles a “saddle”.

In corner joints, according to the Russian method, a bowl or semicircular groove is cut out on top of each crown. Inter-crown insulation is placed in this groove, which is not protected from moisture penetration and blowing. The Norwegian castle eliminates these disadvantages. A hidden spike located at the bottom of the crown serves as a kind of barrier to moisture and wind, while additional heat insulators are not used.

During the shrinkage process, the crowns of a Scandinavian log frame crack, but the cracks do not in any way affect the strength or insulation characteristics. The owners of such log houses believe that small cracks only decorate the house and emphasize the naturalness of the material.

The main stages of assembling a Scandinavian log house

First they cook log house project. The drawings mark the places where pipes and electrical wires will be laid, taking into account the loads and structural units. Be sure to perform 3D modeling of the log house on the selected type of foundation.

The carriage is prepared for assembly in two main stages:

• bowls and grooves are cut out;
• drill holes for dowels.

Bowls Initially, they are marked “roughly”, that is, the imperfect workpiece is cut out with a chainsaw. In this case, marking is carried out with the obligatory use of a hydraulic level. The roughing cup corresponds to the profile of the lower transverse rim. Before finishing marking and cutting the finishing bowl, the crowns are adjusted and marked.

The grooves are selected manually using an adze or a straight axe. To make the task easier, longitudinal cuts are made with a chainsaw before doing this.

A drill with a diameter of 30 mm is used for drilling. The holes for the dowels should be staggered. The dowel extends into the body of the lower crown (carriage) a maximum of 150 mm. The pitch between dowels is up to two meters.

The log house must first be assembled without dowels, all defects are checked and corrected. Only after this is the capital assembly of the log crowns on the foundation. The first crown should lie on antiseptic embedded boards up to 6 cm thick. It is more convenient to assemble heavy crowns using a truck crane. The upper rims are adjusted by installing scaffolding. Openings for windows and doors are cut out immediately during the assembly process (immediately with trimming).

Pediments They are also assembled from a gun carriage. The technology is identical to the assembly of log walls. The ridge beams and slabs are secured into the cut-out gables with a notch (it is in the pediment logs that the bowls are cut for laying the ridge and the ends of the slabs, otherwise proper strength will not be ensured). The last stage of work is filing the ends of the gables according to the selected roof slope. The roof itself can be anything, insulated options are preferable.

It is extremely important to use compensators for all vertical elements of the log house. These elements will not allow the geometry of the building to be disrupted.

Windows and doors It is recommended to install some time after construction. This measure is associated with the uneven shrinkage of wood under the influence of solar (IR) rays and the need for high-quality ventilation of interior spaces.

Finishing floors and ceilings can be chosen at the discretion of the owner. After completion of construction, the walls are thoroughly polished and then covered with beeswax impregnations. It is important here not to rush into painting or varnishing, since most manufacturers indicate that the wood can be wet at a maximum of 12-14% before processing. A higher moisture content in wood will lead to a change in the properties and shade of the composition applied to the walls.

In restrooms where the walls are expected to be tiled, installation is initially carried out moisture resistant sheets drywall. The sheets are mounted on a frame with movable brackets to which the guides are fixed.

The outside of the walls can be coated with a composition containing linseed oil. There is no need to caulk or putty cracks in the log house.

All communications in Scandinavian log houses they are laid in accordance with the rules for arranging wooden houses.

1. Radiators are hung on brackets driven into the walls. Pipe connections are made according to interfloor ceilings and vertical boxes.
2. Wiring of plumbing and sewer pipes similarly stretched in boxes located in bathrooms or restrooms of the house/bath.
3. Electrical wires are pulled in such a way that the network can be repaired at any time. Insulate the wires with metal sleeves, metal pipes or plastic pipes(low-voltage networks).
4. For hidden wiring Shallow grooves are made in the thickness of the walls. For distribution boxes and sockets are drilled into the wood the right size. You can lay wires behind baseboards and in grooves behind door frames. If the entire volume of wires does not fit behind the baseboard, then it is permissible to groove a horizontal channel at the crown of the log house (maximum groove depth is five centimeters).
5. The wiring to the ceiling lamps is pulled along the interfloor ceilings.

Norwegian castles will be difficult to make for a beginner. It will take much longer to prepare the material and cut it than to build a Russian log house. Just laying the crowns requires at least two weeks, so it’s worth assessing your strength and the amount of time allotted for construction in advance.

How to mark and cut out a corner joint with your own hands

We begin marking by marking the axes and extreme lines of the beams to be connected. Using a hydraulic level, we align the upper beam exactly vertically and the axis of the walls.

The second diagram shows a top view of the timber. It is necessary to note the position of the square. From this marking, further drawing of the castle elements will be carried out.

The diagram shows bottom beam, side part. It is necessary to extend the lines of the drawn square so that they connect with the line of the center of the beam (this line is the conditional “horizon”).

The diagram shows the lower beam, it upper part. It is necessary to draw straight lines through the corners of the square towards the “5 cm” point.

The same beam, but side view. Connect the marks “5 cm” with “3 cm”.

The result is shown in the diagram.

We make the cut.

Step 8. We remove excess wood.

On the other side of the beam it is necessary to make similar markings and cut off the wood. To do this, we perform a series of actions from steps four to eight. Immediately after this, according to the diagrams, we work with the lower plane of the beam, which is located on top.

We pair the node.

During the drawing process we use a ruler. We transfer the profile of the lower “cheek” to the upper beam.

In parallel, we project the lines of the “cheeks” onto the lower beam. These lines must intersect with the arc, and the extreme points of the arc must not protrude beyond the border of the beam itself.

The edge lines of the beam and the extreme points of the bowl can be moved from bottom to top using a level.

Mark the height of the cup along the cheek line. Move the point along the line.

The result is shown in the diagram.

On the upper beam we mark the position of the tenon, having previously retreated a certain distance (1/2h).

The layout diagram is shown.

We cut out the thorn.

We cut out a groove for the tenon.

Important! Before the final connection, be sure to treat all cut-out elements with a wood antiseptic!

We join the elements, cut out the “cheeks” on the beam located on top.

We begin work with the timber for the next crown. We start by finding and marking the conditional midline. If necessary, leave a gap in the cup for insulation. The spike deliberately rises above the bottom one by one centimeter.

The gap in the groove during the Norwegian cutting should be as follows - in the first three crowns - three segments of a folding carpenter's meter, in the next three - two, etc.

When the meter no longer passes in a single segment, then in the crowns that are higher, a thin leg of a carpenter’s angle made of steel should fit freely into the groove.

On the upper beam we make cheeks and a tenon as described earlier, getting ready for drawing longitudinal groove.

We skip the description of the process of drawing a longitudinal groove; the description can be found above. The diagram shows the final result.