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DIY flat roof repair. Flat roof repair technology. Cracking of bitumen surface

Flat roofing is superior to pitched roofing in cost and ease of installation. But there is also a drawback: relatively often you have to do repairs. How and with what materials it is carried out - these questions will be the topic of this article.

Types of flat roof repairs

Roof restoration work is usually divided into three categories:

1. Maintenance.
2. Major renovation.
3. Emergency measures.

Maintenance

Current repairs are a set of works aimed at maintaining normal condition roofs: minor damage and defects that may lead to leaks in the future are eliminated. Typically, the total area of ​​the areas being restored does not exceed 40% of the entire roof area, while repairmen are most often limited to manipulating surface layer.

Problem areas are identified through an inspection, which is recommended to be carried out once every six months, or at least once a year.

It is very important to carry out routine repairs in a timely manner, since minor damage on a flat roof quickly develops into large ones, which entails a significant increase in the cost of restoring the coating.

Major renovation

In case of severe wear and tear, when the area of ​​areas with damage or unsatisfactory condition exceeds 40% of the roof area, a full-scale reconstruction of the roofing pie is resorted to. In fact, the roof, starting with the vapor barrier, is laid anew - only a small part of the materials that are in good condition is reused.

When performing major repairs flat roof all layers of the roofing pie are dismantled and laid anew

Emergency repairs

Emergency repairs must be resorted to urgently if the roof leaks. If current and major repairs are usually carried out in warm time years, then they do an emergency when necessary, and this is its peculiarity.

In winter, emergency work is carried out to urgently eliminate roofing defects.

As part of emergency repairs, as well as current repairs, only the surface layer is usually manipulated. In most cases, the area of ​​damaged areas does not exceed 20% of the entire roof area, but if necessary, the coating is replaced in larger quantities.

Preparation for repair

During roof repair work, it is often necessary to dismantle the old roofing covering. It is clear that at this moment the structure in some places loses its protection from precipitation, so you need to prepare very carefully so that nothing prevents the repairs from being carried out as soon as possible.

Selection of materials for repairing flat roofs

For the device and, accordingly, four types of materials are used.

Bitumen coatings

The category of bituminous materials includes traditional roofing felt, which is cardboard coated with bitumen, as well as newer coatings such as metalloizol and folgoizol, which are reinforced with foil.

Folgoizol is a multilayer structure with an outer coating of aluminum foil

Bitumen waterproofing is the cheapest, but also the least durable - the material becomes unusable after 5–7 years. Such a short service life is explained by the following disadvantages:

• low frost resistance - moisture is retained in the pores of bitumen, which gradually destroys the material during successive freeze-thaw cycles;
• insufficient ductility - due to temperature changes, the bitumen coating cracks relatively quickly;
• instability to influence ultraviolet radiation(bituminous materials and mastics used for gluing them under sun rays become even more fragile).

Bitumen-polymer materials

Adding a small amount (usually no more than 12%) of various polymers to bitumen makes it possible to increase the frost resistance of the material and its plasticity, as a result of which the service life is extended to 15–20 years. In addition, instead of fragile cardboard, fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester is used as a base, due to which the material acquires increased resistance to mechanical stress.

Rubemast is manufactured using more modern technology than roofing felt, and therefore has a service life several times longer.

At the moment, a wide range of materials are produced using this technology, for example, bikrost, rubemast, rubestek, hydrostekloizol, steklomast, steklobit, linokrom.

Particular success was achieved when mixing into bitumen crumb rubber, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastics. Materials made in a similar way are produced under the brands Filizol, Thermoflex, Dneproflex and Dnepromast, Luberite, Elabit, Mastoplast, Isoplast, etc.

People often call bitumen-polymer materials Euroroofing felt. In addition to increased resistance to negative factors, he has one more thing: important difference from roofing felt: laying can be done by fusing, for which the lower surface is heated with a gas or gasoline burner.

To fix the euroroofing material, it is enough to heat its bottom layer using a burner - gasoline or gas

At the same time, euroroofing felt also inherited some disadvantages from its prototype: it also has to be laid in several layers, and, with rare exceptions, it is necessary to sprinkle the surface with stone chips.

The cost of bitumen-polymer materials is higher than traditional roofing felt, but due to the less frequent repair work, the cost of maintaining the roof is ultimately reduced by 2 times (based on 40-year operation).

Single layer membranes

Single-layer membranes are a fundamentally different type of coating, which is made from synthetic rubber or polymers. It has a number of advantages:

• laid in one layer, so it can be installed very quickly;
• is very elastic;
• has no pores, therefore it has high frost resistance;
• perfectly resists all other negative factors external environment- UV radiation, oxidation and temperature changes;
• can be installed at any time of the year;
• does not require powdering with stone chips;
• supplied in rolls up to 15 m wide (the width of bituminous materials is 1 m), due to which the number of seams on the roof is significantly reduced.

The membrane can be secured either with glue or bitumen mastic, or with self-tapping screws. Thanks to the long service life (more than 25 years), single-layer installation and the rare need for repair work, you will have to spend 4 times less money on maintaining the roof over 40 years of operation than in the case of a bitumen roof.

Roof repairs using the single-layer Ecoplast membrane can be carried out at any time of the year

The production of membranes in Russia has been mastered for quite a long time: Cromel, Ecoplast, Logicbase, Rukril and others have proven themselves well.

Roofing mastics

Roofing mastics are liquid compounds that are applied to the roof in any of the following ways:

• spraying (industrial sprayers are used);
• using a brush;
• using the pouring method followed by leveling with a roller.

After some time, the mass polymerizes and turns into an elastic, waterproof film, similar to rubber. Because of this similarity, roofing mastics are often called liquid rubber. The film is extremely elastic - it does not tear when relative elongation up to 1000%. This means that when the building shrinks, the roofing will remain intact.

After polymerization, roofing mastic turns into a waterproof film similar to rubber

Compared to rolled materials, mastics have an important advantage: the coating will be seamless for any roof area. They are also very useful for repair work, as they allow you to fill the most difficult to reach cavities.

Roofing mastics are produced in both one-component and two-component versions. In the second case, the base composition must be mixed with a hardener.

The composition of the mastics varies quite a lot, and accordingly, their service life is different:

• butyl rubber, for example, “Germabutyl NMG-S”, “TechnoNIKOL No. 45”, “Polikrov M-120/M-140” serve for 25 years;
• chlorosulfopolyethylene, for example, “Polikrov-L”, “Izokrov”, “Krovlelit” also protect the roof surface for up to 25 years;
• bitumen-latex, for example, TechnoNIKOL No. 33, BLEM 20, Master Flex must be updated every 20 years;
• bitumen rubber, for example, REBAKS-M, MGH-K, Venta U, will require repair after 15 years of operation.

To glue rolled materials you will need bitumen mastic (not to be confused with roofing mastic - “liquid rubber”). You can buy it at the store, or you can make it yourself. There are two varieties of this material:

• cold mastic - used for gluing the internal (lining) layers of rolled material;
• hot mastic - applied over the coating as a protective layer and to fix the stone chips.

Cold mastic is prepared from the following ingredients:

• bitumen - 2 parts;
• gasoline - 2 parts;
• filler, which can be used as gypsum, lime or ash powder - 1 part.

The bitumen is heated in some container and kept for some time so that the moisture completely evaporates from it. The temperature at which evaporation is carried out is approximately 180 o C. Then filler is poured into the bitumen, after which the mixture is thoroughly stirred with a wooden stick. Next, you need to pour it into gasoline.

If the bitumen is heated, then it is this that needs to be poured into gasoline, and not vice versa. Otherwise, a fire may occur. After cooling, the mastic can be used for its intended purpose. It should be borne in mind that it is not stored for a long time, so there is no point in preparing a large volume for the future.

The technology for preparing hot bitumen mastic involves cooking bitumen at a temperature of approximately 200 o C. During this process, filler is gradually added, while the bitumen is mixed.

If a small amount of bitumen is needed for repairs, it can be heated in a metal bucket, and for large volumes special installations are used

If, when mixing bitumen with filler, the temperature of the mixture drops below 160 o C, the material will greatly lose quality.

To insulate the roof, you should use a material that can support the weight of the coating and snow without being greatly deformed. These are:

• extruded polystyrene foam. Its composition is identical to ordinary polystyrene foam, only the structure is homogeneous and not granular;
• rigid slabs from mineral wool. The density of the material (varies from 50 to 400 kg/m3) must be selected in accordance with the characteristics of of this region snow loads;
• expanded clay The cheapest, but at the same time the least effective heat insulator.

Video: repairing soft roll roofing using mastic - what you need to know

Budgeting

For large volumes of work it is useful to make a calculation necessary materials and calculate their cost. Having an estimate in hand, the owner of the building is guaranteed to acquire everything he needs, so that during repairs he will not have to be distracted by secondary actions. In addition, the estimate will show what funds will need to be allocated, because with large-scale repairs the costs can be quite significant.

If it is decided to entrust the repair of the roof to a team of hired workers or a specialized company, then to draw up an estimate they need to provide the following information:

Preparing tools

To carry out the work you will need:

1. Assembly cutter. With its help it is convenient to remove worn roofing coverings. This tool can be replaced with a well-sharpened ax, which, instead of an axe, is attached to a handle made of steel pipe suitable length.
2. Construction knife. Used for cutting panels roofing material.
3. Gas or petrol burner ( blowtorch). It is used for fusing bitumen-polymer roll material, if it is decided to use it as a roofing covering. It is easier to work with a gas burner, and the fuel for it is cheaper. But it is also more dangerous, so in the absence of skills it is better to use a blowtorch.

   The use of a gas burner requires the roofer to pay increased attention to safety rules

4. Construction hairdryer. Helps quickly dry the area being repaired, and can also be used for fusing some materials.

   Using a construction hair dryer, you can quickly dry the area being repaired or fuse roofing material.

5. Maklovitsy. This is the name of the special brushes with which in the process roofing works apply mastic and primer. If there are no brushes available, you can use an old broom instead.

   Apply primers and mastics with a wide brush - a paintbrush.

6. Roller. Used for leveling mastics.
7. Protective glasses. According to safety requirements, glasses must be worn when working with a gas burner, as well as when knocking down screeds.

Flat roof repair technology

Each type of defect on flat roofs is eliminated using its own method.

The roll material has peeled off

The sequence of actions is as follows:

There is a crack or bulge in the coating

The easiest way to repair such damage is to install a patch. Before this, you need to determine how deeply the moisture has penetrated into the roofing pie.

1. The area with the crack is cut out with an ax or a mounting cutter, and the swelling is opened with a cross-shaped incision. If the underlying layer of roll material is wet, it needs to be cut out. Do the same with other wet layers until they reach dry.

   The area with a crack or swelling is opened using a cross-shaped incision

2. In the resulting hole, place one on top of the other as many fragments of rolled material as were cut out, gluing each one with mastic.
3. If the defect was a swelling, then 4 triangular valves, bent after opening, are returned to their place and securely glued with mastic. Some craftsmen nail these flaps with slate nails.
4. The roof area within a radius of 10–15 cm from the damage site is cleared of debris, dust and dirt, and the cleaned area is flooded bitumen mastic.
5. Apply a patch of the appropriate size.

   A layer of mastic is applied to the opened and treated area, and then a patch is laid on it, the edges of which are also coated with bitumen

6. The edges of the patch are coated with mastic and sprinkled with stone chips, pressing them into the bitumen using a roller.

Installing a patch is not always guaranteed to provide the desired result. The repairman may not notice hidden damage, so after repair the roof will still leak. They often make the mistake of installing a patch above the place where the water appeared on the ceiling: in fact, the damage can be located up to 2 m from the leak.

Taking into account all that has been said, many craftsmen prefer to simply lay a new one over the worn-out coating, which is commonly called repair the old way. It must be taken into account that laying new layers one after another significantly increases the load on the walls. For safety reasons, it is not allowed to lay more than eight layers of coating on the roof, but even with fewer layers, it is advisable to perform strength calculations of the walls and ceilings.

Video: technology for repairing cracks and blisters on a flat roof

Roofing membrane damaged

Single-layer membranes, which were described above, withstand atmospheric influences, but can be damaged, for example, when removing snow from the roof with a metal shovel. The tightness of such a coating is restored as follows:

If peeling occurs in the seam area, then the peeled area is welded in the same way, having previously treated it on the inside with a solvent. If the broken section is more than 5 m long, it should be restored using a special repair tape, for example, Eternbond.

Cracks have appeared in the mastic roofing covering

Cracks in the mastic coating appear as a result of aging of the material. Restoration is carried out with the same mastic from which this coating was made. They work like this:

In case of extensive damage, the repair layer must be reinforced with fiberglass mesh with a density of 100 g/m2. First, a layer of mastic is applied by spray, then the mesh is laid, and after that mastic is applied again, which should completely hide the mesh.

Stages of flat roof repair

Any repair begins with an inspection of the roof. Here's what you need to pay attention to:

Particular attention should be paid to checking areas adjacent to pipes, parapets, ventilation shafts and other objects on the roof.

If the damage covers more than 40% of the roof, a major repair is performed, which includes the following steps:

1. Removal of existing roofing material.
2. Dismantling the screed (bumpers or special machines that cut grooves in the screed can be used).

   Major renovation flat roof begins with the complete removal of the old roof covering and the underlying concrete screed

3. Removing insulation.
4. Replacing the vapor barrier or, if possible, restoring it.
5. Restoration of elements of the internal drainage system.
6. Installation of insulation. If mineral wool slabs are used for this purpose, you can purchase varieties that have the slope necessary to ensure drainage (they are called wedge-shaped).

   When using a wedge thermal insulation material The slope of the roof can be done already at the stage of its insulation

7. Sloping the surface by adding sand or expanded clay (if the slope was not formed by insulation).

   The slope of a flat roof can be done by pouring a layer of expanded clay on top of the insulation

8. Installation of funnels for water drainage (elements of the internal drainage system).
9. Laying a screed from a cement-sand mortar and then covering it with bitumen (prevents moisture evaporation).

   Before pouring, screeds are installed on the roof surface reinforcing mesh and wooden lighthouses

10. Laying roofing material. Bitumen and bitumen-polymer roll materials should be laid in 3–5 layers (the lower the roof slope, the more layers). The strips are laid with an overlap of 10 cm or more, gluing them with mastic. In the first layer they are laid parallel to the cornice, in the second - perpendicular, while the ends of the strips of the second layer are placed on the walls and glued or fixed with dowels. Next, the direction of the stripes in the layers must be alternated.

It is not always possible to perform the tilt correctly. To identify errors, perform the following test:

• before installing the last layer of coating, the roof is filled with water;
• Mark with chalk those areas from which moisture does not drain.

After drying such dents, you need to pour a thick layer of mastic or glue a piece of rolled material (no thicker than 1 mm), after which you can lay the finishing layer with stone powder. If there is no powder (ordinary roofing felt), it is applied independently onto a layer of hot mastic, into which the stone chips are pressed with a roller.

Video: flat roof repair on the roof of a house

To reduce the frequency of flat roof repairs, you must initially rely on high-quality materials. And during maintenance, you should protect the coating from mechanical damage - when clearing the surface of snow and ice, it is not recommended to use a metal shovel or crowbar.

1. The photo above shows a standard design, the so-called ⇒ built-up roof. Here, rolled bitumen materials are used as a waterproofing coating.
2. When installing such a roof, a gas burner with a propane cylinder is used, as well as a hose with a reducer to adjust the outlet pressure. When laying on a new base, apply two layers; if the old one is well prepared, then you can get by with one layer.
3. To increase waterproofing properties and service life, slopes are installed on flat roofs. It is needed in order to control the flow of rainwater, creating high points on the parapet areas towards the drainage funnels.
4. Initially, the slope must be designed relative to the funnels and create zones with a rise, slopes with a height greater than the main roof area. By following these instructions and the design drawings, it will be possible to prevent the appearance of stagnant zones where water will accumulate.
5. Large puddles on the roof are a good environment for the appearance of vegetation, and with the slightest defect in the joints, a layer of water will eventually push moisture into the roofing pie, which will lead to major repairs.

Roofing defects such as swellings and air bumps on the surface appear due to the fact that the cement-sand screed base has not been sufficiently dried. The same defect can occur even after repair, if you do not dry the damaged area by opening the cake and immediately fuse new layers onto the old ones.

Installing aerators over the entire roof area will create exit points (ventilation) and remove moisture vapor from the under-roof space.

• A slope can be created using a screed with the addition of expanded clay, while the specified slope is formed by a metal profile or stone blocks cut along a cord from a high point to a low point.
• The ramp can also be formed from wedge-shaped insulation from the TechnoNIKOL company from solid (dense) stone wool, then coated with a primer based on bitumen mastic. This will allow you to create an adhesive substrate for durable installation of a soft roof.
• To maintain the correct geometry and dimensions of overlaps along the side and end connections of adjacent rolls, it is necessary to first spread the bitumen coating and cut according to the shape of the junction of half-timbers, weather vanes, parapets, chimney and ventilation pipes.
• Next, when working with a gas burner, you need to heat the material to a temperature sufficient to combine the materials at the molecular level. An indicator on the underside of the rolled material helps with this; when a burning flame is directed towards it, the film is deformed.
• The characteristic leakage of the bitumen roller ahead of the movement of the equipment with the roll is a sure sign of compliance with the technology of “welding” the coating.

The coatings used for flat roofs have a long service life. However, most roll and membrane materials have to be changed before the stated service life has expired. This is largely due to the emergence various kinds damage that occurs on the roof during its operational life.

Types of roofing damage

The main reason for damage to the roofing carpet is the poor quality of installation work and the use of cheap materials, the quality of which does not correspond to current operating conditions. Absence regular maintenance also leads to both minor and critical damage requiring immediate repair.

The most common types of flat roof damage include the following:

In order to prevent the condition of the roof covering, it is recommended to conduct a routine inspection of the front surface of the roof. If problems are discovered, a decision must be made on how to proceed with repairs to prevent further damage.

Flat roof repair methods

Depending on the type of defects and the area affected by the damage, restoration and repair work on flat roofs is usually divided into the following groups:

• current repairs are local work performed when minor defects and damage are detected in the roofing system. Mainly produced partial replacement damaged roofing, eliminating peeling and swelling;
• major repair - is a complete replacement of the current insulating layer and roofing material, including full cycle preparation work surface for further installation of a new coating.

The basis for major repairs is the presence of damage of various nature on more than 40% of the total flat roof area.

Unlike local work, major repairs require the investment of a significant amount, which is comparable, and in most cases exceeds the cost of laying a new roofing cover.

What material to use for repairs

The technology for installing and repairing flat roofs involves the use of various materials. The use of a particular material is determined by the current condition of the roof and the coating that was laid or applied previously.

Major repairs of a flat roof are carried out in all cases when more than 40% of the total roof area is damaged IN general cases

• The following technologies are used to repair flat roofs: concrete mortar, primer and insulating coating. To mix the solution, it is recommended to use sand concrete M300, produced under trademarks"Polygran", "Master Harz" and BESTO;
• repair using roll coverings - used for restoration of flat roofs of various configurations. Various analogues of roofing felt or PVC membrane are used as roll coverings. Among the bitumen roll coatings, one can note the products of the TechnoNIKOL corporation under the brands Stekloizol KhPP-2.5, Technoelast KhPP and Uniflex EPP. As a roofing polymer membrane, it is better to use a coating under the Ecoplast V-RP or Logicroof V-RP trademark. To work with roofing felt derivatives, you need a gas burner, and to lay PVC membranes, you need an adhesive composition and a hair dryer;
• repairs using liquid rubber - most often performed when servicing multi-story residential buildings, since the material applied is light in weight and does not weigh down the floor slab. For use, we can recommend waterproofing under the brand name “Technoprok R”, Euromast Plus and Tremproof 250. Liquid rubber is applied using a special industrial sprayer. In addition to the insulating material, vapor barrier, thermal insulation coating and deflection are used.

When repairing a roof with a screed, it should be taken into account that in order to mix a sufficient volume of concrete, you will need a concrete mixer and a large number of containers for transferring the concrete mixture. To distribute concrete, it is necessary to set linear guides. Leveling the solution is done using a steel rule.

In order to understand in more detail the technology of working with various materials, we will consider the process of repairing each type of flat roof separately. A more general technology describing the process of current and major repairs will be discussed below.

Repair of roll roofs

Roll coatings under the trademarks Stekloizol KhPP-2.5, Tekhnoelast KhPP and Uniflex EPP, which were mentioned above, are modern bitumen roll materials. For their production, a binder composition based on bitumen and filler is used, which is applied to fiberglass on both sides. Asbagal is used as a protective front layer - a coarse-grained coating applied to a special polymer film.

TechnoNIKOL Corporation produces a wide range of roll-bitumen coatings for roofing

As a rule, Stekloizol, Tekhnoelast and other bitumen roll coatings are used to protect flat roofs with preliminary installation of a concrete screed. The main problems of this coating are the formation of local damage in the form of cuts and cracks that occur as a result of improper use of the roof. If the operating technology is violated, air and water bubbles may form.

To eliminate local defects, patch repair is used, when the damaged area is completely covered with a new canvas.

The size of the patch directly depends on the area of ​​damage.

Repair of cracks, breaks and other surface damage is carried out as follows: If you need to eliminate blisters and bubbles on the surface roll covering

that arise due to seasonal temperature fluctuations, it is necessary to carefully cut through the damage crosswise.

Next, you need to bend the corners of the coating so that you can dry the inner surface. After drying, the surface is cleaned and treated with bitumen mastic, and the bent edges are pressed back. Then patch repairs are performed using the technology described above.

Repair of membrane roofs PVC membranes are a specialized waterproofing coating designed to protect roofs and concrete foundations

. The extrusion method is used in the production of membranes. This ensures that the final material will have zero water absorption.

Mechanical damage and depressurization of seams are two main problems that arise during improper use of a flat membrane roof.

For example, when removing snow carefully with an iron shovel.

1. A special welding machine is used to lay the PVC roofing membrane
2. To repair mechanical damage, you will need to perform the following work:
3. The damaged area of ​​the membrane fabric is cleaned and treated with an organic solvent.

A patch is cut out of a single membrane sheet, the size of which will cover the gap or other damage on the surface of the roofing carpet by 5–10 cm.

To repair, you will need to treat the inner surface of the peeled seams with a solvent. If necessary, they should be cleaned using available means. Next, the seams are soldered with a welding machine. If the length of the peeled seam exceeds 5–7 m, then it is additionally taped with Eternbond repair tape.

Video: installing a patch on a membrane roof

Repair of mastic roofs

Liquid rubber, unlike bitumen roll coatings and roofing membranes, allows you to create a seamless roofing carpet. This is especially true for flat roofs of old buildings, where preliminary installation of a concrete screed is impossible due to the load it places on the load-bearing elements of the building.

Liquid rubber for roofing is a two-component composition that is mixed before application to the surface.

The main damage to a mastic roof is cracks that occur during long-term operation roofs. To repair them, liquid rubber of a similar composition to that previously applied is used. For example, liquid rubber “Slavyanka” for roofing is a two-component composition that is applied using a unit high pressure and spray nozzle.

The technology of roof repair using liquid rubber is a combination of the following operations:

If there is extensive damage to the roof surface, then first of all it is necessary to eliminate local holes in the roof. After the restored areas have dried, a second layer 3–4 mm thick is applied. If necessary, laying fiberglass and arranging a finishing layer of liquid rubber.

Video: spraying liquid rubber on the roof

How to make an estimate correctly

Before carrying out any repair work, you should calculate its cost. To do this, you will need to draw up an estimate in electronic or paper version. This will avoid shortages or overspending. building materials necessary for carrying out repair work. Especially if major renovations are planned.

If there are swellings in the roofing covering, a cross-shaped incision is made with further processing of the damaged area

In order to create an estimate, you must complete the following steps:

• measure the working surface - using a tape measure and other tools, measure and inspect the working surface. Based on the data obtained, the total surface area in need of repair is calculated;
• calculate quantity and cost Supplies- based current state flat roof, select the type of repair that is planned to be carried out. Taking this into account, consumables and tools necessary to carry out this work are selected;
• calculate the roofing covering - according to measurements and technical condition, the covering will be selected to be used for repairs. Based on this, its quantity and cost are calculated;
• draw up a work plan - at this stage it is necessary to think about how the material will be delivered to the site and the sequence in which repair activities will be carried out;
• adjust the amount of consumables - the previously obtained volume of consumables must be increased by 15 to 20%. This will allow you to make a reserve for errors in cutting and accidental damage during repair work;
• choose hardware store- monitoring of prices for construction markets and in stores in your region. If possible, you can contact the store directly with your estimate. The costs of delivery and unloading of the material should be added to the final cost.

If renovation work will be carried out by skilled workers, then the corresponding item should be included in the estimate. It is not recommended to purchase specialized tools for performing work for personal use. It is more rational to rent it. Especially if a major overhaul is planned in compliance with technology.

Current flat roof repairs

Routine repair of a flat roof includes work aimed at eliminating local damage in the form of cuts, breaks, cracks and blisters. In essence, these works allow you to quickly eliminate local damage without affecting entire sections of the roof.

Basically, current repairs are carried out in case of damage to the soft roof, for the construction of which bitumen or membrane coatings were used. You can perform routine repairs yourself without turning to specialists - you will need a minimum of tools.

For installing a soft roof, a bitumen-based roll material called “Stekloizol” is most often used.

As an example, consider technology current repairs for various local damage. To carry out the work you will need bitumen waterproofing material (glass insulation, euroroofing felt, bikrost), gas or gasoline blow torch, sharp knife, rolling roller, cold bitumen mastic.

The general technology for repairing extensive damage to the surface of a flat roof is as follows:

When using roll coatings with a welded surface, the installation technology is similar to that described above, with the exception that installation of the patch will require a construction hair dryer. The working surface of the cut patch is heated with a hairdryer until bitumen layer will not become soft. Then the canvas is carefully laid over the gap and ironed with a roller.

The technology for eliminating cracks and minor damage to the canvas (15–20 cm) is similar - the damaged area is cleaned of protective coating, after which mastic is applied and a covering patch is glued. In this case, there is no need to cut out the damaged fabric.

Video: Installing a Fused Patch

Major flat roof repairs

Major repairs, as specified in the section above, are advisable to carry out when damage and defects are present on more than 40% of the total area of ​​the flat roof.

The essence of a major overhaul is to completely replace the current roofing material. If necessary, a complete replacement of the roofing pie can be carried out, including steam and thermal insulation, as well as screed.

Dismantling of the roof covering is carried out using special equipment

As an example, consider a major repair of a flat roof with further installation of a weld-on roll coating. To complete the work you will need a seam cutter, a chipper, a concrete mixer, a gas burner, a shovel, laser level, metal rule.

The overhaul technology consists of the following:

1. Performed complete dismantling damaged roll covering, PVC membrane or liquid rubber. For this, a grinder, a wall chaser and a sharp ax with a metal handle are used.
2. The working surface is cleaned using hard brushes, shovels and grinders. The removed roofing felt is cut into small sheets and then stored in separate place. Where possible, the dismantled material is transported to a landfill.

   
   After dismantling, the old roofing covering must be taken to a specialized landfill

3. A visual inspection of the working surface is carried out, during which it is determined technical condition. If the surface is represented by a concrete screed, then in most cases it must be dismantled.
4. The concrete screed is being dismantled. For this concrete surface marked using a seam cutter. To remove the concrete layer, special bumpers are used.
5. Cleaning in progress construction waste and preparing the roof surface for pouring concrete screed. Shovels, brooms and other equipment are used for this. After cleaning, the surface is wetted with water.
6. Linear guides are being installed. For this purpose, special steel beacons are used, which are mounted on dowels or cement-sand mixture. During installation, a slope (3–5%) is maintained from the center to the edges of the roof or vice versa.

   
   The roof screed is carried out along pre-arranged guides

7. A concrete mixture based on M300 cement is being prepared. If possible, it is better to use ready-made dry mixtures from the manufacturer. As reinforcement, so as not to weigh down the concrete floor slab, microfiber is used, which is added to the solution during mixing.
8. The concrete screed is being poured. To do this, the mixture is supplied in portions starting from the center of the roof. For distribution, steel or wooden rule. During work, the screed is checked by level to ensure that the required slope is maintained.
9. After pouring and spreading, the concrete screed is covered with polyethylene. In this condition, the roof surface must be moistened with water 2-3 times a day for 7 days. The complete drying time of the concrete layer is 28 days.
10. After 2 weeks from the moment of pouring, the linear guides can be dismantled. The resulting voids are cleaned and rubbed with a similar composition concrete mixture.

    
    Laying a roll or membrane covering is carried out only after the concrete screed has completely dried

11. After the screed has dried, the surface is cleaned of abrasive particles. After this, a vapor barrier diffusion membrane is laid. The vapor barrier is laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm relative to the adjacent row.
12. Thermal insulation material is laid in the form of mineral or basalt slabs. If you plan to install a serviceable roof, it is recommended to lay wool in slabs with a density of at least 50 kg/m3.

    
    Insulation made of mineral or basalt wool is laid on the concrete screed

13. Thermal insulation boards are laid end to end. If necessary, the second layer is laid staggered so that the joints of the first layer do not coincide with the joints of the second.
14. A thin-layer concrete screed (3–4 cm) with fiberglass is poured. The preparation and pouring technology was described above (see paragraph 8). After the second layer of concrete screed has dried, they begin laying the roofing.
15. 2–3 layers of lining roll material are laid. To do this, the canvas is carefully rolled out as the working surface is heated using a propane or gasoline torch.

    
    A gas or gasoline burner is used to lay the welded roof covering.

16. The roofing material, like the lining material, is installed in a staggered manner with an overlap on the sides of the roof. If a roll coating is used, which is laid on mastic, then the surface is first lubricated with a primer, and only then the material is laid.

At the final stage, install roof aerators, gutters, junctions, cornices and other accessories and devices.

It is worth keeping in mind that major repairs of a flat roof in each case may have certain features. This is largely due to the operational condition of the roof, previously laid waterproofing material, etc. But in general, any major repair consists of dismantling work, cleaning and preparing the old surface, laying underlying and roofing material.

Video: laying roofing on a flat roof

Flat roof storm drain repair

Drainage system private or apartment building designed and calculated long before the construction of the house. During the construction of private buildings (garages, one-story houses), as a rule, external organized drainage is used. During the construction of apartment buildings multi-storey buildings

internal drainage system is designed and constructed. Before repairing the roof of private buildings, it is recommended to perform preliminary dismantling storm sewer

. After repairs, the storm drain is reinstalled. If repairs are required, then during installation, damaged funnels, gutters, brackets and other products are replaced with new ones.

The roof funnel is installed during the installation of the roofing pie

1. Repair of the internal storm drain is carried out in the following sequence:
2. The internal channel is cleaned using a flexible cable with a nozzle in the form of a metal brush.
3. At the stage of installing linear guides for the screed, a slope is formed towards the technological hole in the roof structure. After the concrete screed has dried, a roof funnel is installed in the technological hole on.
4. cement mortar
5. Next, roll waterproofing is laid in 2 layers. After this, the crimp ring is mounted and a hole is cut in the funnel.

Features of flat roof repair in winter

Routine and major repairs of flat roofs in winter are carried out only in exceptional cases when repair work is necessary to maintain the integrity of the ceiling.

Laying roll coverings in winter period should be carried out with extreme caution

When carrying out work in winter, you must adhere to the following rules:

• It is advisable to carry out repair work on a clear day - this will avoid problems when laying roofing material;
• when laying materials, moisture should not be allowed to get between the different layers of the roofing cake;
• if the winter is snowy, then frame-tent shelters are used for repairs, which help prevent precipitation from getting on the roof surface.

To provide thermal regime gasoline or gas heat guns are used. Roofing material must be maintained at room temperature within 24–36 hours.

How much does it cost to repair a flat roof?

Flat roof repairs are complex work, so their final cost consists of the cost of the material, the cost of its delivery, labor costs, etc. At the same time, the cost of a major repair is difficult to estimate without a preliminary inspection of the flat roof.

On average, the cost of current repairs, which you can do yourself, will cost no more than 200 rubles/m2. The total costs mainly consist of the cost of the material and the rental of tools if they are not available. Capital works cost approximately 2–2.5 times more than local repairs of minor damage. If repairs are carried out with the involvement of specialists, then the final cost increases by about 2 times.

To estimate the cost of repairing a flat roof, you can use the table below. The data in the table is compiled based on price lists from three specialized companies performing repairs in central region Russia.

Table: Cost of Repairing an Existing Flat Roof

Name of works	Unit change	Price (work + materials), rub./m2	Price (work only), rub./m2
Repair of an existing flat roof made of fused materials
Roof repair in 1 layer, including repair of old roofing carpet (opening and gluing of swellings and other defective places)	m 2	500	350
Roof repair in 2 layers, including repair of old roofing carpet (opening and gluing of swellings and other defective places)	m 2	800	530
Roof repair in 2 layers, including complete removal of the old roofing carpet and screed repair	m 2	900	560
Installation of a flat roof during capital construction and repairs
Installation of roof covering in 2 layers on the finished base	m 2	750	430
Installation of a new lightweight roof (vapor barrier, 150 mm mineral wool insulation, 2 layers of fused material)	m 2	1700	570
Installation of a new roof (vapor barrier, 150 mm mineral wool insulation, reinforced cement-sand screed, 2 layers of fused material)	m 2	2400	800
Installation of a new roof with a screed and slope (vapor barrier, mineral wool insulation 150 mm, expanded clay slope with an average thickness of 100 mm, reinforced cement-sand screed, 2 layers of fused material)	m 2	2700	910
Repair of existing flat roof made of polymer membranes
Repair old roof using a PVC membrane covering (removing bubbles on old carpet, laying geotextiles, installing a 1.2 mm membrane covering)	m 2	850	350
Installation of a roofing carpet made of PVC membrane on a finished base with mechanical fastening	m 2	750	250
Installation of a new lightweight roof (vapor barrier, insulation with 150 mm thick mineral wool slabs, installation of a roofing carpet made of 1.2 mm PVC membrane)	m 2	1750	420
Installation of a new roof with a screed and slope (vapor barrier, insulation with mineral wool slabs 150 mm thick, expanded clay slope, cement-sand screed up to 50 mm thick, installation of a roofing carpet made of 1.2 mm PVC membrane)	m 2	3000	1000

Major roof repairs are expensive work, the quality of which determines the comfort and coziness inside the living quarters of the house. Therefore, when constructing a house, you should perform all the work efficiently and not skimp on materials. In order not to bring the roof to a critical condition, it is recommended to carry out routine inspections and local repairs, if the need arises.

The roof itself performs three main functions: thermal insulation, waterproofing and aesthetics.

Accordingly, when a customer decides to repair the roof, he is not satisfied with the quality of a particular function.

Aesthetics.

Let's start with the simplest option - the customer is not satisfied with the aesthetics of the roof. In this case, ordinary general construction or repair work is carried out, related to either replacing the existing finishing coating, or decorating parapets, or installing equipment, etc. When carrying out such work on a flat roof, you should remember only one thing: by arranging some additional “bells and whistles” you can damage the thermal or waterproofing, which will subsequently lead to negative consequences, so all actions must be performed very carefully.

In the event of a violation of the thermal or waterproofing of a flat roof, repairs will be much more difficult from an engineering point of view and in terms of labor intensity and, as a rule, the cost of the work. In most cases, the roof simply leaks and it is this circumstance that leads to the realization of the need for repairs.

Thermal insulation (insulation and vapor barrier).

Roof leaks are not always associated with waterproofing failure. For example, the roof can simply “float” if a vapor barrier has not been performed, i.e. Convective currents inside the room reach the dew point in the insulation, where abundant condensation forms, which is noticeable in the form of moisture. A similar, but different in nature case is insufficient roof insulation. In this case, the dew point is not located in the insulation, as it should be, but directly on the floor slab, thereby causing abundant condensation, no matter how well the vapor barrier is made directly under the insulation layer. A similar picture is most often observed in severe frost. There is nowhere for ice and water to come from on the roof, however, there is a lot of dripping in the room. In both cases, the recipe for treating this roof is quite simple - it is necessary to additionally insulate it.

If it is impossible to do this from above due to finishing work already completed or for other reasons, it can be done from the inside. To do this, as an option, it is necessary to attach an additional layer of insulation to the ceiling below the floor slab and install a vapor barrier. The simplest option is something made from self-adhesive film like Alutrix. After which the thickness of the insulation will be sufficient, the dew point will be in the insulation, a vapor barrier will be performed and the roof will stop floating. If a vapor barrier has not been performed at all, then it is necessary to do it. Again, doing it from above is too expensive due to the need to dismantle the roof, but doing it from below, under the floor slab, is quite simple and cheap. Self-adhesive film will also work.

Waterproofing repair.

The most difficult case from the point of view of repairing a flat roof is a violation of the waterproofing: its damage or leakage due to natural wear and tear. If the roof waterproofing is exposed, i.e. The finishing (decorative) layer has not been laid on the roof, the repair is quite simple - you must first find the holes and patch them. If this bitumen roofing, then, most likely, it has already served its term and there are quite a lot of holes there due to natural wear and tear. Then our recommendation is to repair your flat roof using modern waterproofing materials. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing over the entire waterproofing area, because If the bitumen roof has actually served its purpose, then it is destroyed in many places.

If the insulation becomes significantly wet, it is necessary to install wind vanes (aerators) to dry it, or if it is completely destroyed, replace it. If mineral wool insulation was used and it gets wet, then it will not be possible to dry it with aerators. In this case it is necessary complete disassembly roofing, replacement of insulation and installation of a new waterproofing layer.

If crushed stone, tiles are laid on a flat roof, or the waterproofing is covered with another finishing coating, repairs are quite a difficult task, because searching for a hole can take a long time - this is an autopsy and other additional work. In this case, work is carried out, as a rule, with the complete removal of the roof and, depending on the condition of the waterproofing and insulation, either they are replaced, or the waterproofing is repaired and wind vanes (aerators) are installed to dry the insulation. If the waterproofing is made with modern polymer materials, then its repair does not take much time and is carried out with the same material from which the roof is made. If, of course, these damages can actually be detected. Not all waterproofing membranes are easy to find defects in. On the Resitrix membrane, for example, damage is found quite simply.

Conclusions. Anyway, flat roof repair- a complex and expensive task, usually associated with its dismantling completely or in separate sections. By carrying out roof repairs using the materials that were used to make it and by the same workers, in the end you will get exactly the same thing that you have now - the need for repairs. Our main recommendation is to carry out work involving only specialized organizations that have successful experience in such work.

Flat roof – great way ceilings of high-rise buildings and outbuildings, the price of which is several times lower than the prices for the construction of pitched analogues. It is created by layering bitumen or polymer materials on a concrete or wooden base. Thanks to this multi-layer structure, the roofing pie has a high degree of waterproofing and resistance to mechanical damage. Unfortunately, the harsh climate of Russia, low temperatures winter and large amounts of precipitation lead to premature destruction of the coating, cracks, leaks or peeling appear on it. This article will tell you how to do a major or partial repair of a flat roof with your own hands.

The cost of installing a flat roof is 2-3 times less than construction pitched structures, due to the absence of a massive rafter frame. However, the service life of a bitumen-polymer coating, depending on the materials used, ranges from 5 to 15 years, and difficult operating conditions and lack of regular maintenance only accelerate the deterioration of the flat roof’s condition. Damage to the roof surface occurs for the following reasons:

Important! The advantage of a soft roof is that you can carry out routine or even major repairs to the roofing yourself. Most minor damage can be repaired with liquid rubber. The technology allows you to do the work yourself at any time of the year, as long as the weather is dry.

Minor repairs

In most cases, homeowners have to deal with minor damage to their soft roofing. After several years of use, small cracks and swellings appear on the surface of the roofing material.

The technology for eliminating these defects with your own hands is as follows:

Important! The price for partial reconstruction, taking into account the cost of materials, is 700-800 rubles. per sq. m. Doing the work yourself will save 20-30% of this amount. However, patching holes in roofing felt only slightly delays major repairs without completely solving the problem.

Major renovation The service life of a flat roof using modern polymer materials is, according to manufacturers, 20 years. However, in real operating conditions the need for major renovation

Note! The price for a complete reconstruction of flat blood is from 2500 rubles per 1 sq. m. m. Installation is carried out using a gas burner by fusing the bottom layer of roofing material onto a concrete base. If the base of the roof is made of wood, then the bottom layer of roofing material is nailed down.

Video instruction