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Materials for roofing waterproofing. Roof waterproofing is the basis for comfort, warmth and coziness in the house, but only subject to compliance with building codes Materials for roof waterproofing

The roof is one of the main elements of any structure, and is designed to protect the walls and premises of the building from precipitation and wind, maintain a comfortable environment for people living in the house or favorable conditions for items placed inside. Waterproofing film for roofing, selection and installation - such aspects always raise many questions, since creating a reliable barrier against moisture penetration will always be one of the most important stages when

Today, in the assortment of construction stores you can find a considerable variety of rolled waterproofing materials, and it can be very difficult to immediately understand the features of a particular film. Therefore, in order to decide which type is optimal for the planned roofing, there is a need to take a closer look at the characteristics, as well as the features of the installation work.

The main purpose of roof waterproofing

Let us first recall that earlier, when constructing private houses, waterproofing pitched roofs was not always installed - this process was mainly carried out on flat or low-slope roofs multi-storey buildings, and for these purposes, as a rule, roofing felt was used. The technology for mandatory waterproofing of roofs came from abroad, along with materials intended for this purpose, and it must be said that it has taken root well in the Russian construction industry.

Nowadays, the construction of a private house no longer requires the inclusion of such a stage of work in the project, since it is one of the most important for the overall protection of the structure from moisture penetration. Waterproofing the rafter system helps to avoid frequent repairs and extends the life of the building as a whole.

Of particular importance is protective film, if the under-roof space is insulated with one of the types thermal insulation materials, which are capable of absorbing moisture - the same condensation that forms during temperature changes. Waterproofing material can reliably protect the insulation, create conditions for its free evaporation into the atmosphere or for drainage from under the roof - into a properly equipped gutter, fixed along the slope to cornice board.

In addition, no one is completely insured against leaks of the roofing covering, due to its aging, accidental mechanical damage, or even from trivial errors during installation. The waterproofing barrier will not allow atmospheric moisture to immediately, directly enter the attic and spread further, and the owners will have the opportunity to take adequate measures to eliminate the emergency situation.

Waterproofing membranes are usually sold in 50 m rolls, 1500 mm wide, and the weight of the roll can vary depending on the thickness and type of film.

Glassine

Glassine is roofing cardboard impregnated with a composition of refractory bitumen with the addition of plasticizers. Glassine is sold in rolls and is used for hydro- and vapor barrier various elements buildings.

Many owners of private houses, wanting to purchase glassine, wonder what it is, hydro- or vapor barrier material? For roofing, glassine is used in one or another capacity - it is used to vaporize the insulation on the side of the premises and to form additional waterproofing for the roofing “pie”, laying it under the roofing material.

Several types of roofing glassine are produced with different markings:

• P-300 GOST and P-300 TU - the material has average density, waterproof, is characterized as a reliable waterproofing material, but is inferior to the P-350 brand.

• P-250 is an economy class material, as it is made from low quality raw materials. However, despite this, it has high strength properties, is water and frost resistant, and is also quite elastic.
• P-350 GOST and P-350 TU - this material is the most High Quality of all brands of glassine, as it is richly impregnated with bitumen. In addition, the advantage of this material is its ability to “breathe”, therefore, when used, a ventilated roofing “pie” is created.

These diagrams present three ways to use glassine in roofing, where it is used as a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer.

• The first diagram shows the installation of glassine on a flat roof as a vapor barrier layer.

1 – Roofing material.

2 – Concrete screed.

3 – Insulation mats.

4 – Glassine.

5 – Concrete floor.

• Second scheme. Here glassine acts as a waterproofing layer for the pitched roof. cold roof:

1 – Roof covering.

2 – Glassine.

3 – Solid plank sheathing.

• The third diagram represents the location of glassine in the roofing “pie” of an insulated gable roof, in which it plays two roles at once - waterproofing and vapor barrier:

1 – Roofing material.

2 – Glassine (as under-roof waterproofing).

3 – Counter-lattice.

4 – Insulation.

5 – Glassine (vapor barrier on the room side).

6 – Rafters.

7 – Drywall (internal lining of the attic).

Breathable perforated or diffuse membranes

This type of waterproofing material provides adequate protection for the roofing system from direct penetration of precipitation, and at the same time does not prevent the evaporation of water vapor coming out from the inside, from the layers of the roofing “pie”.

High vapor permeability can be achieved due to the perforation of the material. The film is non-woven fabric, made from synthetic fibers, and is used as wind and hydro protective layer. This material can be laid directly on the insulation, which saves on the installation of counter-battens. In order for the material to function “correctly”, it is necessary to secure it with the correct side to the insulation. At the same time, it should be noted that on the construction market you can find both one-sided and double-sided membranes, which, accordingly, can be laid on the insulation on either side. Therefore, when purchasing film, you need to pay special attention to this factor.

The advantage of “breathing” membranes is that they meet all the requirements for roof waterproofing and heat conservation. Well, the disadvantages, it must be said - conditional, include their high price, compared to other similar materials.

Otherwise, they can be called the most the best option for arranging roof waterproofing.

According to the level of vapor permeability, “breathable” films are divided into three categories:

• Diffuse, having average vapor permeability.
• Superdiffuse membranes have the maximum degree of vapor permeability.
• Pseudo-diffuse films with low vapor permeability, requiring mandatory arrangement of a ventilation gap between them and the insulation.

Overview of commercially available waterproofing materials

The Russian market offers a fairly wide range of materials for roof waterproofing. Some brands can be highlighted in a separate line, since they have managed to prove themselves exclusively on the positive side when used in various climatic conditions - these are Ondutis, Technonikol, Yutakon, Folder Dorken Delta-Roof, DuPont, "Izospan" and others.

The technical and operational characteristics of some of them are presented in the table, but they also have Common parameters. For example, the size of the rolls - the total area of ​​the material is 75 m², with a coating width of 1500 mm and a film length per roll of 50 m.

Material name	Main technical and operational characteristics	Price, rub./roll as of May 2016
"Ondutis RV100"	It's environmentally friendly pure material, made from polymers that are inert to bacterial influences. - weight 90±10% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours) - 10 g/m²; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 650/500.	1200÷1500
"Ondutis RS"	This is a reinforced film with good performance characteristics that can provide wind and waterproofing protection. The membrane is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. – weight: 100±5% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 10 g/m²; - operating temperature range: from -40 to +80°C; - UV stability without coating: 1 month; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 250/200.	1850
"Ondutis RVM"	This is a non-woven fabric equipped with a heat-reflecting surface, so it is winter period protects the insulation from atmospheric humidity, and in summer - from overheating, reflecting ultraviolet rays. Thanks to this layer, ice does not form on the roof. – weight: 125±10% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): ÷10 g/m²; - operating temperature range: from -40 to +80°C; - UV stability without coating: 2 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 250/130.	2500
"Folder Minima D98"	This material can be used if there are ventilation gaps in the structure. - vapor permeability (24 hours): 30 g/m²; - operating temperature range: from -40 to +80°C; - UV stability without coating: 2 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 550/650.	1500-1700
"Anticondensat folder"	This is an anti-condensation film, which also requires the formation of ventilation gaps. - vapor permeability (24 hours): zero; - operating temperature range: from -40 to +90°C; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 400/450.	1500-1700
"Yutafol D 96 Silver"	Waterproofing two-layer laminated perforated film made of polypropylene. – weight: 96±5% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 18 g/m²; - UV stability without coating: 3 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 600/400	1395
"Yutafol D 110 Standard"	Three-layer reinforced, laminated on both sides, waterproofing film. – weight: 110 ±5% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 41 g/m²; - UV stability without coating: 3 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 600/400.	2590
"Yutavek 115"	Super diffuse three-layer film. – weight: 115 ±5% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 1200 g/m²; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N, (lengthwise/crosswise): 260/145.	4950
"Tyvek Soft"	Single-layer polyethylene waterproofing material with high vapor permeability. – weight: 60 ±10% g/m²; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 1375 g/m²; - UV stability without coating: 4 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N: 140.	5650
"Tyvek Solid"	Single-layer polyethylene vapor-permeable membrane of increased strength. – weight: 80 ±5% g/m²; - temperature range: from -73°C to + 100°C; - vapor permeability (24 hours): 1300 g/m²; - UV stability without coating: 4 months; - strip breaking load 50 mm, N: 250.	6950

Video: a brief overview of roofing film materials of the Ondutis brand

Installation of waterproofing film

The main difficulty in installing waterproofing of rafter systems, as well as laying any roofing materials, is that the work is carried out at height, that is, increased safety measures must be observed. Otherwise, it is not particularly difficult. To secure the film, you only need a construction stapler and staples.

Prices for glassine

Glassine

General rules for laying a waterproofing roof barrier

The waterproofing film is laid on top of the insulation laid between the rafters. If a “breathable” membrane is chosen for the flooring, then there is no need to provide a gap between it and the insulating material. When choosing a polyethylene film, before fixing it, to create a ventilation gap, counter-battens with a thickness of approximately 30 ÷ 50 mm are fixed to the rafters, and the waterproofing material will already be fixed to them. This is especially important to consider if one of the metal coatings is used for the roof - or

The presented diagram shows a “roofing pie” using vapor-permeable “breathable” super-diffuse waterproofing “Izospan”. It consists of the following elements:

1 – Metal tiles.

2 – Wind-hydroprotective superdiffuse membrane.

3 – Counter rails.

4 – Layer of thermal insulation (mineral wool).

5 – Vapor barrier film.

6 – Rafters.

7 – Sheathing the attic.

8 – Lathing on which the roofing covering is attached.

• If a waterproofing film with a width of 1500 m is purchased, then its installation on the pitched rafter system is carried out from the eaves. The film is spread across the rafters, that is, along the eaves line, evenly, without folds, and secured to each of the rafter legs using staplers.
• If an anti-condensation film is selected, then it is not stretched, but, on the contrary, it is laid in such a way that it sags by 10–20 mm in the space between the rafters.

This type of membrane should be located at a distance of about 40÷60 mm from the insulation, therefore, when choosing it, it is necessary to provide for the appropriate width of the rafter board and the thickness of the insulation. After laying, the anti-condensation film sheets must be glued together with special moisture-resistant tape.

The second waterproofing sheet is laid above the first and overlapped on it. The size of the overlap will depend on the slope of the roof. Recommended material overlap parameters can be found in the table below:

In some cases, for example, on short sections of the roof, where the distance between the rafters allows it, the waterproofing can be fixed vertically, but at the same time the overlap size indicated in the table is also observed, depending on the roof slope angle.

• The canvases are laid according to the described principle to the top of the roof, and a canvas is laid on the ridge, which will be placed on both slopes at once. Since the canvas must be laid overlapped on the sheets fixed below, the ridge part of the roof is waterproofed last.

Very important nuance! Completely covering the ridge with film is only permissible if a super-diffuse membrane is used, with vapor permeability of at least 1000 ÷ 1200 g/m² per day.

When using any other film material, a gap of about 200 mm must be made between the waterproofing sheets in the ridge area - this is necessary to ensure normal ventilation and evaporation of condensate.

• After the membrane is fixed, a counter-lattice, which consists of 30×20 or 40×25 mm slats, is attached to the rafters on top of it. They are attached to the rafters using self-tapping screws.
• Sheathing boards are secured on top of the counter-lattice for installation of the roof covering. The pitch of the lathing depends on the choice of roofing; it can be sparse, frequent or continuous.

For example, if soft bitumen shingles are chosen to cover the roof, then a continuous sheathing of boards or plywood 10–15 mm thick is installed. In this case, another layer of waterproofing is additionally laid on top of it, and for this, materials such as glassine or TechnoNIKOL are often used. If bitumen-based waterproofing is used, for example, glassine, then the edges of the canvases are laid on a continuous sheathing, which will protect against moisture penetration under the waterproofing.

• For rigid roofing material, depending on the size of its sheets, boards of rare or frequent lathing are attached to the counter-lattice. The most common step size for installing sheathing elements is 350÷400 mm.

• The selected roofing material is laid and secured on top of the sheathing.

Organization of condensed moisture removal

Separately, it is necessary to say about fixing the waterproofing film on the eaves board, since the condensate formed under the roofing, and not evaporated into the atmosphere, must be discharged into the gutter. If this is not provided for, moisture may get under the eaves board, where fungus can form, which will lead to the destruction of the wood.

This diagram shows the design of a system for draining condensate from under the roof using waterproofing material placed on a metal eaves strip, along which water will flow into the gutter.

If the gutter design has a continuous attachment to the eaves board, then the waterproofing material can be attached directly to it and passed under the metal strip.

Another option for draining condensate is formed by installing a special metal element - a drip line, which is attached to the waterproofing material and discharged under the gutter.

Valley waterproofing

Problem area roofs can be called a valley - a fracture of the slope, that is, the junction of two planes at a certain angle, which is carried out at a certain internal angle. The lathing that forms the valley is two or four boards fastened together at the angle where the roof slopes meet.

Before installing the general waterproofing on the sheathing of the roof slopes, a solid sheet of waterproofing material is laid on the valley boards from the ridge to the eaves strips. It should be evenly distributed on both sides of the valley and securely fixed to them using bitumen, brackets or waterproof construction tape.

Only after the installation of the film on the valley is completed, the waterproofing sheets begin to be fixed to the rafters of the roof slopes from the eaves. Horizontal sheets are laid on top of a vertical water barrier fixed to the valley, so a double layer of waterproofing is necessarily formed here. Only after this is it placed in the gutter between the slopes metal element valley, through which the water will flow.

Installation of vapor barrier films

Vapor-tight waterproofing films can also be used as a vapor barrier, but the principle of their installation is completely different. To understand the difference, the main technological methods for vapor barrier of a roof from the inside will be given.

There are two main ways to install a vapor barrier membrane - from the attic side and from the outside. The first method is more technologically advanced and is used more often, since when performing work, the master sees the entire rafter system, which practically eliminates making mistakes.

Installing a vapor barrier on the roof side

The work is carried out in the following order:

Illustration	Brief description of the operation performed
	This diagram represents the location of all elements of the roofing “pie”.
	If the first option for fixing the vapor barrier is chosen, then you need to start by sheathing the slopes of the rafter system from the attic side. They can be covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard. Finishing material fixed on the rafters, or on the sheathing attached to them. Exactly interior decoration will become the basis for the vapor barrier decking on the outside of the roof frame and insulation material.
	So, on the outside, a thin layer of insulation is laid on the prepared base; its thickness can be 15÷20 mm. This layer will protect the vapor barrier film from punctures and damage from the self-tapping screws that secured the interior trim. If there are no sharp elements, then a layer of insulation is not necessary. Next, starting from the cornice, film sheets are laid on all surfaces of the base and rafters. Secure the material using a stapler and staples.
	So that the film fits tightly at the joints of the rafters and interior lining, it is first carefully pressed in the corner with the help of a beam, which will help to straighten it well.
	Then, the film is secured with staples to the rafters. Thus, the first vapor barrier sheet is laid.
	The next step is to lay the second sheet of material, overlapping the bottom one. The size of the overlap, as well as when installing waterproofing, depends on the angle of the roof, and it is quite possible to be guided by the parameters indicated in the table above.
	After laying the sheets, their overlaps are securely sealed together using special waterproof tape.

After installing the film, insulation is laid between the rafters, which is then covered with waterproofing, sheathed with lathing, on top of which the roofing covering is laid.

This approach also has its own significant drawback. It lies in the fact that by choosing this installation option, the work will have to be completed in one day, or you can choose a period during which it is guaranteed that it will not rain.

Installing a vapor barrier from the attic side

In the second option, the vapor barrier is secured from inside the attic, and this work is carried out after the installation of roofing materials is completed. In this case, the process takes place in the following order:

• The first step is to lay a waterproofing membrane on the rafters.
• Then, the material is secured to the rafters with counter battens.
• Next, the sheathing boards are fixed to the slats.
• The roofing covering is mounted on them and the ridge is closed.

Now that the rafter system is sealed from the weather, you can safely insulate it from the attic side.

• Mats of insulating material are installed between the rafters; they are pressed against the sheets of waterproofing film fixed outside.
• Then the insulation is tightened vapor barrier membrane. It can be mounted horizontally or vertically to the rafters. If the fixation will be done horizontally, then you need to start attaching the film from the bottom. The second canvas is stretched and secured with an overlap of 150÷200 mm over the first, and so the process is repeated until the top.
• After the vapor barrier is secured, the panels are glued together with tape.

• Then, a timber sheathing is installed on top of the film, onto which the attic lining will be secured.

This option is more comfortable to perform than the first, since half of the work is carried out in safe conditions, under a finished roof.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you once again that you should not indiscriminately purchase any material called waterproofing. It is necessary to approach the choice responsibly, having studied the characteristics in advance and decided which film is more suitable for a particular coating.

Video: a clear example of waterproofing a roof with a vapor-permeable membrane “FAKRO EUROTOP”

The article tells you how to choose and buy waterproofing for your roof. What factors should be taken into account first - the purpose of the materials, installation features and, of course, cost. You will learn about the differences between sub-economy and economy class materials, standard, business and premium roofing. Options for pitched and flat roofs are considered.

On flat roofs bitumen roll waterproofing is the most common way to create a waterproof layer Source youla.ru

Any modern roof system for a private house includes a layer of waterproofing. Only for some types of flat roofing are coating or sprayed waterproofing compounds based on bitumen or its modified variants used. The vast majority roofing systems This function is performed by rolled materials.

Waterproofing functions for flat roofs

At first glance, it seems that roll waterproofing, as a separate layer, is not needed here. After all, roofing, by its intended purpose, is classified as a waterproofing material.

For flat roofs using “soft” bitumen-containing roofing materials, this is the case. But provided that the roofing cake consists of one waterproof layer - the top one. And if you look at the description of their structure and composition, you can see that they are very similar to similar materials, used for waterproofing the foundation, basement of a house or the floor of a room with “wet” operation. The only fundamental difference is that such roll waterproofing for roofing has a top coating that protects bitumen from the destructive effects of the sun and improves resistance to mechanical damage (increases wear resistance).

The top layer of rolled roofing waterproofing has a characteristic appearance Source 2gis.ru

For two-layer types of flat roofing protective functions redistributed. The top coating also remains the main layer, fully absorbing the effects of precipitation, ultraviolet radiation and mechanical loads. And the bottom one, clean waterproofing layer, but without topping, “insures” the top layer from leaks if its integrity is damaged. This is exactly the device that TechnoNikol recommends when installing new and repairing old flat roofs.

Functions of waterproofing pitched roofs

With pitched systems, not everything is clear.

Mansard roofs, regardless of roofing materials, have a waterproofing layer as part of the “pie” to protect the insulation from getting wet. These are vapor-permeable membranes that protect the insulation from getting wet, but allow moisture to escape from it.

Cold roofs with metal roofing require the installation of a waterproofing layer made of polymer films. And it’s not even a matter of the “piecemeal” nature of the coating, the tightness of the joints of which is not always impeccable. In this case, it is important to protect the internal space of the attic and the rafter system from condensation, which forms almost daily on inner surface roofs with daily temperature changes.

This is what condensation on the inner surface of a metal roof looks like up close. Source decorexpro.com

Ondulin and slate on cold roofs can be laid without waterproofing - condensation does not form on their surface. But the manufacturer himself points out the insufficient reliability of such a roofing pie and recommends it as an economical option. For example, for garden houses and unheated buildings for utility purposes. For residential buildings, waterproofing is recommended as additional protection against leaks.

Using technology, polymer films are laid under modern ceramic tiles. And the lining carpet under the soft tiles is one of the types of rolled waterproofing for roofing over the continuous sheathing of a pitched roof.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer turnkey roof installation and repair services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Rolled waterproofing for flat roofs

Roll materials for roof waterproofing can be divided into several groups based on price. To be precise, the division occurs according to the service life guaranteed by the manufacturer. And reliability and service life depend on the base material, the composition of polymer modifiers and mineral additives in bitumen, and the overall thickness. Together, these indicators determine tensile strength, elasticity, the lower limit of the “flexibility” temperature, the upper limit of temperature resistance and the degree of water resistance at a certain value of water column pressure.

Ruberoid with talc for gluing with bitumen mastic - the “elder” in its class Source hi.decorexpro.com

Another domestic manufacturer, JSC Orgkrovlya, has four groups: economy, standard, business and premium.

The group company "Filikrovlya" offers in its catalog three groups of roof waterproofing, the prices of which are defined as "standard", "business", "premium".

On a note! The same waterproofing material by its “main” name differs in cost not only depending on the thickness, but also on the nature of the top coating. If it is intended for the top layer of a soft roof, then its letter marking contains the letter “K”, which can be interpreted as “crumbs” (another term is “granulate”). The price of such a coating is 10-15% higher than that of rolled waterproofing of the lower layer, which has the letter “P” in the marking instead of “K” - film (for roofing felt and rubemast, instead of film, talc).

The film protects the material from sticking during storage and transportation and easily melts when heated gas burner Source ctd.volokno.ru.net

Below are the prices of 1 m 2 of the main types of waterproofing materials domestic producers. The indicated cost, although “approximate”, allows us to estimate the level of costs for materials.

When calculating the cost of roof waterproofing, it is necessary to take into account overlaps between panels and on surfaces adjacent to the roof. Side overlaps for two-layer installation must be at least 80 mm, for single-layer installation (materials marked “solo”) - 120 mm. End overlaps (strip extension) are at least 150 mm. Junctions to vertical surfaces are made in two layers with separate sheets. The first layer must have a horizontal part of at least 150 mm, and a vertical part of at least 250 mm. The second layer should be larger than the first: horizontally - by 100 mm, vertically - by 50 mm.

The border of the side overlap is often marked by the manufacturer on the roll itself Source legkovmeste.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that can accept payment with maternity capital. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Sub-economy and economy class

Ruberoid– sub-economy class. Estimated service life is about 5 years. The base is roofing cardboard. It is glued to the base using bitumen mastic, and its consumption must be taken into account in the cost of materials. Price range 18-35 rub./m2.

Rubemast– sub-economy class. Service life 5 years. The base is roofing cardboard. Welded material. Price range 50-70 rub./m2.

Stekloizol. According to the TechnoNikol classification - sub-economy class, in the Orgkrovli catalog it belongs to the economy class. Service life 5-8 years. The base is fiberglass or fiberglass. Welded material. Price range 36-82 rub./m2.

This is what a pallet of Stekloizol waterproofing looks like. Rolls must be transported and stored in a vertical position Source domir.com.ua

Bikrost, TechnoNikol. Economy class. Service life 10 years. The base is fiberglass, fiberglass, polymer fabric. Welded material. Price range 60-90 rub./m2.

Standard

TechnoNikol. Bicroelast– 75-115 rub./m2, Bipol – 85-130 rub./m2, Linocrom – 70-105 rub./m2. The base is fiberglass, fiberglass, polymer fabric. Service life 10-15 years. Weldable materials.

Organic roof. Fiberglass– service life 10 years, price range 63-107 rub./m 2. Glass flex - service life 12 years, price range 70-120 rubles / m 2. Elastobit - service life 15 years, price range 80-130 rub./m 2. Base – fiberglass, fiberglass, polyester. Weldable materials.

Filikrovlya. Filigiz– service life 10-15 years. Price range 71-96 rub./m2. The base is fiberglass and fiberglass. Weldable materials.

Business Class

TechnoNikol. Uniflex, Uniflex EXPRESS, Uniflex VENT, Ecoflex - service life 15-25 years. Price range 100-180 rub./m2. Weldable materials.

TechnoNikol. Uniflex S. Service life 15-25 years. Price range 155-165 rub./m2. Self-adhesive material.

Organic roof. Fiberglass– service life of at least 20 years. Price range 110-163 rub./m2. Welded material.

Filikrovlya. Filikrov– service life 15-20 years. Price range 126-178 rub./m2.

Premium class

TechnoNikol. Service life 25-30 years. The general name of materials of this class is Technoelast. In addition to the standard purpose, there are modifications for arrangement different types used roofs, including “green roofs”, or roofs with increased requirements for fire-fighting properties. Technoelast S is a self-adhesive material. Technoelast-FIX is intended for fixation with mechanical fasteners. Price range 125-220 rub./m2.

Organic roof. Rubitex– service life from 25 years. Price range 125-210 rub./m2. Welded material.

Filikrovlya. Filizol– service life 25-30 years. Price range 182-244 rub./m2. Welded material.

Filizol - premium roll waterproofing from a domestic manufacturer Source baurex.ru

Roll waterproofing of pitched roofs

If you omit the polymer films and membranes that are attached to the rafter legs pitched roofs, that is, the only type of bitumen-based roll waterproofing is lining carpets under bitumen shingles. Even the type of roofing covering itself is nothing more than premium-class rolled roofing with a topping of stone granules, which was cut into small plates with figured cutouts. And when laid, it imitates a classic ceramic roof.

Due to the “small” size of the plates and the piece laying of soft tiles on a continuous base, this type of roofing material for pitched roofs has its own waterproofing technology. In mansard roofs, a superdiffusion layer is laid on top of the insulation. waterproofing membrane, attached to the rafters wooden block(provides a ventilated gap), a continuous sheathing is attached to the block, on top of which an underlay carpet is laid and soft tiles. For cold roofs, continuous sheathing, underlayment and tiles are immediately installed on the rafters. That is, regardless of the presence of insulation, this roof always has a “separate” layer of rolled waterproofing - underlay carpets.

The places where the underlayment is attached to the base are additionally coated with liquid waterproofing Source 4handsmaster.com

Underlay carpets are fixed to the base using mechanical fasteners. For roofs with a slope greater than 18°, only valley carpets are required, which are laid in places where leaks are most likely: on valleys, ribs, ridges. The TechnoNikol company for this type of rolled roof waterproofing has a price per 1 m2 of about 400 rubles.

On roof slopes with a slope of 12° to 18°, “regular” underlay carpets are laid (not counting valley carpets). Their price is comparable to the cost of premium roll waterproofing - about 150 rubles/m2.

Video description

You can clearly see the types of roll waterproofing, their pros and cons, in the following video:

Video description

To see the choice between self-adhesive and weld-on waterproofing, watch the video:

Video description

About laying roll waterproofing in the following form:

Conclusion

In that small review prices of bitumen-based waterproofing roll materials for all types of flat roofs are given. Moreover, the cost range covers the materials of the bottom and top layers of a standard roofing pie. And although modifications to the bottom layer are cheaper than the top layer, the cost square meter in actual assessment, it is necessary to double the upper limit due to allowances for overlaps. You can reduce costs by using “solo” materials, which are laid in one layer, but we must remember that the reliability of such a roof will be lower. And in any case, an accurate calculation of costs for the item “roll waterproofing” can only be given by specialists when designing a roof.

Warmth, comfort and coziness in the house are provided by many components during the construction and arrangement of housing. And roof waterproofing is one of the first places here. Therefore, the quality of the selected material, adherence to technology and the skill of the builders will help maintain the durability of the house and minimize the costs of its maintenance and repair.

Why do you need roof waterproofing?

The main purpose of the roof is to protect the building from precipitation in the form of rain and snow. Maintaining the roof in normal working condition means completely eliminating leaks due to precipitation and other sources of moisture, such as condensation. These issues are resolved during the construction of a new house, as well as when replacing or repairing the roof.

When building a new house according to a design by a specialized company technical issues on roof waterproofing must be decided skillfully and reasonably at the design stage. If the house is being built independently, then the future owner will have to resolve many issues regarding the choice of materials and design independently or with the involvement of roofers. Therefore, familiarizing yourself with the rules of roof construction, understanding the purpose and role of waterproofing is important from the point of view of the quality of the future home and minimizing the costs of its maintenance and repair.

The need for a waterproofing layer and its place in the roofing pie is determined by building codes and regulations

As can be seen from the figure, the waterproofing film or membrane is part of the roofing pie. It is located under the roofing material, such as metal shingles. It is known that when there is a temperature difference between the outer and under-roof spaces, condensation forms and flows down the waterproofing film. Thus, the wood of the rafter system is protected from excess moisture and the formation of mold and fungi. As a result, the service life of the roof becomes longer, and the costs of maintaining and repairing the house are reduced.

Waterproofing film is also an additional means of protecting the outside of the roof from leaks.

For example, roof fastening points and joints between roofing sheets may become damaged over time due to aging or mechanical damage. In this case, waterproofing will protect the roof from leaks and give time to fix problems.

Different roof designs require an appropriate waterproofing solution. For example, a “cold roof” for an attic non-residential premises and a heated residential premises on the top floor of a private house require different technologies according to building codes. This also applies to related work on the roof: thermal insulation and vapor barrier.

Let's consider options for roof structures and appropriate methods of waterproofing them.

Waterproofing for metal roofing

Metal roofing coverings include metal tiles, roofing iron, as well as aluminum, copper and similar materials. The metal has good thermal conductivity and a complete lack of hygroscopicity - the ability to absorb moisture. These two properties contribute to the intense formation of condensation when there is a difference in temperature between the outside air and the attic. A similar effect is clearly illustrated by single window frames: in cold weather with high humidity indoors, condensation flows abundantly down the glass of such windows.

One of the main enemies of metal roofs is condensation, which forms abundantly in the cold season due to the temperature difference between inside and outside the room.

As an example, consider a roof made of corrugated sheets. As already mentioned, the metal base of this material is prone to the formation of condensation. Vulnerable areas are also the joints and fastening points of the sheets. Thermal expansion of the sheets causes deformations relative to the attachment points to the rafters; for this reason, the holes for the attachment become “loose.” Sealing rubber gaskets for self-tapping screws are also subject to aging, and their elastic structure is destroyed. Roof vibrations from wind also have a negative effect. All these factors together cause leaks over time. In turn, leaks cause the rafters to get wet, and humidity leads to the formation of mold and fungi, which quickly destroy wooden structures.

The device of a “cold” roof provides space between the roofing covering and the waterproofing film. The space is created by additional sheathing. This is an important structural element that allows you to ventilate this part of the roof and remove condensation moisture and water from leaks. Such a roof does not require high vapor permeability, and therefore, when choosing a material, you can use inexpensive material, which does not have this property.

When waterproofing a “cold” roof with an unheated attic space it is important to provide a ventilation gap between the roofing and the rest of the structure

For an insulated residential roof, waterproofing is included in the roofing pie. Here the coating must have the property of vapor permeability for normal operation of the insulation: excess moisture evaporates from it. Therefore, in such roofs hydro- and vapor barrier films placed in different places.

Waterproofing for soft roofs

A soft roof is less susceptible to condensation. The porous structure of such materials allows moisture not to drain, but to collect in separate drops and evaporate. As an example, consider ondulin.

Ondulin belongs to the class of bitumen-polymer materials, so it is less susceptible to condensation formation

This material is made from cellulose fibers impregnated with bitumen. To improve quality, polymer components are added to it, giving strength and elasticity. The roof design also involves the use of sheathing to form a space between the soft roof and waterproofing for ventilation and intensive evaporation of condensate moisture. Waterproofing for a soft roof has the same features when installing a “cold” or insulated roof. For the first option, a cheaper film with water protection is suitable, while for an insulated roof it is better to use waterproofing with high vapor permeability.

Waterproofing for flat roofs

Flat roofs are rarely used for private housing construction, with the exception of auxiliary outbuildings such as garages or small sheds. Flat roofs are most common in multi-story housing construction, industrial buildings and buildings.

For flat roofs, a slight slope of the surface must be provided for free drainage of precipitation into the drainage system. This required condition, which should prevent the accumulation of water.

Waterproofing for this type of roof is mandatory. For this purpose, roll materials, application of liquid rubber and other proven options are more often used. With the advent of new unique roofing products, surface waterproofing restoration is often used.

Modern roofing materials make it possible to restore the waterproofing coating of the roof without dismantling old structural elements

To restore waterproofing on old layer a special base is applied, which has high penetrating ability into existing coverage. A new layer of waterproofing is mounted on it, as well as a protective reinforced mesh to increase resistance to deformation and load.

In what cases is waterproofing not required?

The options and examples of waterproofing listed above indicate its practical benefits. However, there are exceptions when waterproofing may not be required. This applies to small outbuildings, for example unheated summer premises with well ventilated attic space. Essentially, this is an open canopy over the roof, when the temperature under it does not differ from the ambient temperature. There are also special roofing technologies that combine waterproofing functions with insulation functions. However, the cost of such materials is high, and therefore they are not yet widely used.

Types of waterproofing materials

A wide range of roofing materials for waterproofing are classified and differ by the raw materials from which they are made, by the installation method and by cost. List of main types:

• roll and sheet materials - roofing felt and similar coatings;
• films - the most common and affordable option;
• membranes - diffusion, anti-condensation and others;
• resins and emulsions - acrylate, silicate, polyurethane;
• coating mastics - from bitumen, acrylic, rubber, silicone, polyurethane;
• mixtures for spraying - liquid rubber, polyurea, two-component acrylate materials.

During the operation of waterproofing materials, their advantages and disadvantages appear. Let's consider these qualities for the most common materials, as well as the basic rules for their selection.

The roll form of packaging is convenient for transportation and installation. Available in many options for roofing waterproofing.

There is a wide selection of coatings among rolled roofing materials different levels and quality

The main types of material are presented in the following list:

• diffusion;
• synthetic elastomers or ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPDM);
• plasticized polymer (PVC);
• traditional roofing felt.

Waterproofing based on film materials

Waterproofing films are a fairly common material due to their affordability, low labor intensity and ease of installation. Disadvantages include that use is limited to sloping roofs. Installation of the film does not require high qualifications, but care and strict adherence to the manufacturer’s recommendations are required.

Installation of film-based waterproofing requires compliance with the recommendations of the material manufacturer and building codes

During installation, it is necessary to maintain a sag of the film of 4–6 cm and an overlap of 20–30 cm.

Waterproofing based on diffusion materials

Diffusion waterproofing is a product of modern technologies. A unique feature is the ability to allow moisture to pass through only from the side of the roofing pie. Thus, diffusion materials provide the main advantage: reliable waterproofing and removal of excess moisture from the room. However, the high cost of such materials makes them less accessible.

1. The anti-condensation diffusion membrane is designed mainly for insulating small areas, while it is very practical and functional. It is laid under the roofing material with a non-woven layer downwards with a mandatory sag of 4–6 cm. Accumulating moisture in this material gradually evaporates without drips. This is the main advantage. The disadvantage of the material is its high cost.
2. Synthetic elastomers (EPDM) are a waterproofing system based on artificial rubber and reinforced mesh made of polyester. The material is characterized by excellent insulating properties and ease of installation. Its estimated service life reaches several decades. This is facilitated by resistance to ultraviolet rays, which have a detrimental effect on many other materials. An advantage is also given by high elasticity, which allows the use of elastomers with significant irregularities without the risk of damage. Another key advantage is maintainability - with skillful handling, the quality of assembly seams is practically not inferior to the base material. Disadvantages include high cost and the need for highly qualified roofers.
   

   Synthetic elastomers are installed mainly on the roofs of large residential and industrial buildings

3. Plasticized polymer (PVC) is a high-quality material consisting of elastic polyvinyl chloride and reinforced mesh. Advantages of polymer waterproofing:
   

All of the materials listed can be used on flat and sloping roofs. They can be laid on old waterproofing. The disadvantages of diffusion products most often include vulnerability to the effects of petroleum products and high cost.

In the market for waterproofing materials, there is always a need for inexpensive products, for example, bitumen-based ones. For small outbuildings and seasonal housing, this option is the most acceptable, despite its disadvantages. These include short service life due to loss of elasticity and destruction of the structure under the influence of temperature changes, as well as the ability to melt in the sun and drain from sloping surfaces.

Coating waterproofing requires compliance with the mixture preparation technology depending on the conditions of use of the roof

At the same time, the industry produces higher quality forms of the material. These include bitumen-polymer mastics and paint and varnish emulsions. Depending on the composition, the material is applied manually or using a special sprayer in several layers on flat surfaces heated to 160 degrees. The hardened mastic is a seamless surface. The disadvantages of this technology include fragility - the service life of the coating is 5–8 years, depending on the quality of the material.

Criteria for choosing waterproofing

When choosing the type of waterproofing you need expert review according to various criteria and characteristics of materials. Sample list selection criteria:

• planned quality of the roof;
• the planned service life of the roof before major repairs;
• cost of material;
• conditions for using the roof;
• roofing material, its type;
• expected costs for maintenance and minor repairs.

For selection, the feasibility study method based on calculations can be used. This method applies more to large buildings and structures of enterprises and companies. For choice in individual housing construction on our own experts or specialists should be consulted for a comprehensive assessment. This recommendation applies to situations where your own experience is not enough.

How to install roll waterproofing materials

Installation of roll materials includes the following list of preparatory work and operations:

In this case, one should take into account the real technical condition roofs. If possible, remove or minimize the size of protruding elements and irregularities. These can be clots and bitumen smudges, foreign objects and poorly laid communications. Such protruding elements will be vulnerable spot due to additional stress on the material. Particular attention is required to high-quality insulation of protruding parts of chimneys, ventilation and other structures.

Work on laying waterproofing is hazardous. You should use special clothing, work with certified tools and materials in compliance with labor protection rules when working at height, as well as the rules fire safety. Installation should be carried out with the assistance of trained roofers.

Video: installation of roll waterproofing

Do-it-yourself roof waterproofing

Waterproofing in own home Often you have to do it yourself. It is important to make an informed decision on the choice of material and available installation technology before starting work. If you have insufficient experience, it is better to seek help from experienced roofers, since correcting the defect will cost much more than qualified advice.

When waterproofing the roof of a private house, be sure to leave a ventilation gap between the film and the roof covering

Roof waterproofing with liquid rubber

Liquid rubber has come to be called a universal waterproofing agent made on the basis of bitumen emulsion. It contains additional components that give the material the necessary properties of waterproofness and elasticity.

The main stages of applying liquid rubber:

1. Prepare personal protective equipment: suit, goggles, respirator.
2. Prepare the tools and necessary equipment in full accordance with the recommendations of the waterproofing manufacturer. Read the instructions.

   Equipment for applying liquid rubber must be selected in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations

3. Clean and level the roof. The surface should have a uniform and even coating, for example, you can leave the old layer of roofing felt. It should be cleaned of dirt and debris.
4. Apply material. When spraying liquid rubber, it is necessary to ensure the formation of a layer of the required thickness. If you have no experience, it is advisable to first work on a test area, measuring the layer height and select the desired mode according to the spraying time per unit area.

   After applying a layer of liquid rubber, verification tests must be carried out by pouring water onto the roof.

The advantages of liquid rubber include:

1. Simplicity and ease of applying the material in various ways.
2. Stable structure and monolithic seamless layer that does not allow moisture to pass through.
3. High adhesion of the material, eliminating the need for priming.
4. Resistance to temperature changes: the coating works at temperatures from -75 to +95 o C.

The main disadvantages of the material are high cost and low resistance to sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation negatively affects the material, and therefore, to increase reliability, it is better to treat the surface with water-based paint.

Currently, a special type of liquid rubber is produced that can be laid in wet weather.

Video: waterproofing with liquid rubber using the pouring method

Roof waterproofing with film material

Waterproofing film is the most common option in low-rise construction. There are numerous products available for sale from various manufacturers. Some brands can be glued well with special adhesives; for others, mechanical fasteners can be used.

Main stages of installation:

Video: installation of film waterproofing

Roof waterproofing with roofing felt

Waterproofing with roofing felt is a common method due to its availability. The material is a cardboard base impregnated with bitumen with sand or glass powder. Currently, there are many higher quality materials as an alternative to roofing felt, and therefore it is used in outbuildings, summer houses. It is practical to use roofing material as a basis for slate.

The technology for installing roofing felt is not fundamentally different from installing film insulation. The sequence of work is as follows:

Video: laying roofing felt using bitumen mastic

Waterproofing with other materials

All other materials for waterproofing have limited use due to the insufficient quality or high cost of the resulting coating:

1. Treatment with bitumen waterproofing will last 4–5 years, sometimes a little longer depending on the quality of the material.
2. The use of foam can help, for example, in the construction of temporary housing, when the foam carries the functions of hydro- and thermal insulation.
3. Spray waterproofing is modern technology the use of two-component mixtures of bitumen emulsion and polymers. With its help, a monolithic seamless film 2 millimeters thick is formed. The film provides high resistance to temperature changes. But this is a rather expensive method, so it is in little demand in the private sector.

Features of waterproofing roof joints

To seal roof joints use special materials, most often mastics. Their physical properties allow them to penetrate into the smallest cracks, and when they harden, a monolithic mass is formed that reliably protects the treated area from moisture. Mastics are made of silicone, acrylic, polyurethane and bitumen. They are applied with a special tool depending on the shape and size of the joint. Special extruded tubes and spatulas are used.

The main stages of waterproofing joints:

The viscous substance of the mastic penetrates into the microcracks of the material, forming a monolithic protection against moisture after hardening. There are several types of sealant used for roofing work:

• Silicone based sealing compound. It is considered universal because it has excellent adhesion to any roofing material. There is a variety of this paste - roofing mastic, resistant to sunlight and temperature changes. This sealant is convenient for sealing seams in areas where roofing material adjoins vertical structures;
• polyurethane sealant. High quality material. The mastic reliably and firmly adheres to wood, stone, metal, concrete and any other material;
• bitumen mastic. Convenient for sealing any joints. The specially modified bitumen contained in the paste perfectly resists the effects of chemical solvents, gasoline, and machine oil.

Video: quick waterproofing of joints with polymer materials

The variety of materials for waterproofing makes it possible to find an affordable option in terms of price and quality. The choice depends on the roof structure, type of room, operating temperature, climatic conditions. When planning installation on your own, you should study the options in detail and consult experienced roofers. This will save money and time.

The main purpose of roof waterproofing is to protect the internal space from adverse factors. external environment. The quality of such work and the correct choice of waterproofing materials must be given due attention. The durability of the roof will largely depend on this, which will subsequently save the homeowner from the need for expensive roof repairs.

Today, there are several waterproofing materials for roofing, which differ in the method of application and can be used with various designs roofs These common types of waterproofing include:

Roll waterproofing combines an affordable cost, providing the roof of the house with the necessary protection from moisture, and is durable.

In addition to the well-known roofing material we all know, you can use glass roofing felt and euroroofing felt. The advantages of this type of waterproofing include the following: durability of the coating; high reliability; affordable price.

The disadvantages include difficulty in installing roll waterproofing. It is necessary to lay ordinary roofing felt on bitumen mastic. In its technology, such work is vaguely reminiscent of wallpapering walls. When using euroroofing felt, there is no need to pre-treat the roof base with mastic, which makes repair and construction work somewhat easier. After laying, the material is heated with a gas burner, which allows gluing roll insulation and subsequently eliminate the possibility of leaks.

Various mastics can be used with flat roofs, which combine ease of use, effectiveness and affordable cost.

Currently on sale you can find various types of liquid roof waterproofing, the materials of which differ in their composition, characteristics and cost.

The advantages of mastics include the following:

• Ecological cleanliness.
• No shrinkage.
• Resistant to aggressive environments.
• Solidity of the completed waterproofing.

Having a number of advantages, such liquid waterproofing still has one significant drawback, namely durability. Even the highest quality mastics serve no more than 6 years, after which it is necessary to raise the roof and renew the waterproofing layer.

Film materials

Durable, inexpensive polyethylene films today they are often used for roof waterproofing. The popularity of this insulator can be explained by its ease of installation and affordable cost.

The simplest variety is polyethylene film, the use of which will require the installation of a double ventilation layer in the roof. The joints of the film floors can be sealed with tape or special equipment can be used for this work, which reliably solders the material, ensuring that there are no leaks along the seam.

On sale you can find the latest generation of film waterproofing, which is durable and having a sticky layer, which is attached to the base of the roof, making it easier renovation work. At the same time, we note that such modern film insulation has a high cost, which leads to a significant increase in the budget for repair work.

We can recommend that budget-conscious homeowners pay attention to waterproofing films with anti-condensation coating. This protective layer is located on the wrong side, allowing the material to accumulate moisture, preventing water from flowing down onto the insulation. The water droplets accumulated by the insulator gradually evaporate or roll down without getting inside the roof.

Diffuse waterproofers

Diffuse films and membranes are today considered the most high-tech and modern insulators.

They are capable of allowing moisture to pass through from inside the roof, but at the same time do not allow it to penetrate from outside, which protects the heat insulator used and the roof from possible leaks.

The following types of diffuse membranes can be found on sale:

• Pseudo-diffuse films that have a low degree of vapor permeability. Their advantages include affordable cost. This material is used primarily on cold roofs and attics.
• Diffuse membranes with normal vapor permeability. Membranes can be used to equip an attic and a warm roof. The only place where it is not recommended to use diffuse membranes is in dusty attics, where the porous coating can become clogged, which impairs the performance characteristics of the waterproofing.
• Superdiffuse three-layer membranes are designed specifically for use in harsh conditions; they are not afraid of significant temperature changes and retain their performance characteristics for a long time.

Material selection

The problem-free and durable use of the roof will directly depend on the correct choice of waterproofing material. That is why issues of choice will need to be given due attention.

It has proven itself best among roll materials products from Russian factories. It combines excellent quality, affordable cost and durability. But from purchasing inexpensive Chinese waterproofing, which last years has flooded the domestic markets, it is recommended to refuse, since such materials do not differ in quality, and in two to three years the roof will require complex and expensive repairs.

The best waterproofing and diffuse membranes are produced by the Finnish manufacturer Takaful, the Czech company Yutafol and the Russian TechnoNIKOL. Products from these manufacturers combines excellent waterproofing properties and affordable cost. Among modern breathable membranes, experts recommend the German Divorol and the Russian TechnoNIKOL.

Do-it-yourself roof waterproofing

In each specific case, the technology for installing waterproofing material will vary depending on its type and the specific characteristics of the roof. It is necessary to follow the technology of working with each insulator, which will ensure the quality of the waterproofing performed and the durability of the installed roof.

We use roll materials. The popularity of roll waterproofing is largely due to the ease of working with it, its affordable cost and reliability. Laying material on the roof is carried out as follows:

The surface must be cleaned of dust and dirt, apply primer, which is made from a mixture of bitumen and gasoline.

As soon as the applied primer has dried, you can begin gluing the roofing felt strips. To fix the material bitumen mastic is used. You can apply mastic with a rag, a wide brush or a roller. You can melt bitumen in a barrel over a fire and lift it to the roof in metal buckets.

The edges of the glued strips of roofing material must be additionally coated with bitumen, after which, using a blowtorch, the seams should be carefully melted, achieving a high-quality connection.

Ruberoid on the roof laid in several layers, you can use inexpensive material below, and lay on top high-quality and durable roofing felt with sprinkling. The top layer of waterproofing can be generously coated with mastic and covered with coarse sand.

Coating method

Liquid bitumen materials are used exclusively on flat roofs. It is necessary to apply molten mastic using a sprayer, roller or brush. The surface must first be cleaned of dirt, after which you can immediately begin applying the material.

Popular rubberized waterproofing mastics, working with which is not difficult. The liquid rubberized material must be poured onto the roof surface, after which, using a brush or a wide roller with a long handle, carefully roll the insulation over the entire surface.

For application coating roof can be used high pressure sprayers, which are designed to work with liquid viscous materials. The use of such equipment allows you to apply the coating in one layer and significantly reduces the consumption of mastic to treat one square meter of roofing.

Use of diffuse membranes

Diffuse films are laid directly on top of the insulation, and a small ventilation gap is left in the upper part of the roof, the presence of which prevents the formation of condensation.

The membrane, which is laid with a slight overlap, is secured using construction stapler or galvanized nails. Additionally, you can use double-sided tape to seal all joints.

High-quality roof waterproofing will ensure the durability of the repairs performed, while problems with roof leaks will be completely resolved. It is only necessary choose the right waterproofing material to use and in full accordance with the technology, lay it on the roof.

A typical picture of the past from books: autumn, rain, dripping from the roof... A strange situation, isn’t it? But could it have been different if, until relatively recently, roofs were waterproofed exclusively with parchment and short-lived roofing felt. If at all they used anything other than raw wood. But today, materials for roof waterproofing are so different and in such a large number of types that it is difficult to understand them.

Should I buy a roll membrane for my own bathhouse under construction, or is it better to use a regular film, or is it even better to use something new and unusual? But now we will help you figure this out: what and for what roofs are produced today.

Today in Russia, roof waterproofing in private housing construction is carried out more waterproofing films or membranes, and in industrial construction - roll materials or liquid substances. But there are no strict rules here, and each method has its own pros and cons, which we will now consider.

Why are waterproofing materials needed?

So, needless to say, none of the dense roofing coverings cannot 100% protect the space under the roof from moisture? And it's all about the joints that any material has. And also adherence to the walls, pipe outlets and much more. Take the same self-tapping screws and similar fastenings, which are quite rarely mounted completely hermetically and in accordance with all the rules.

Now let's look at the problem from the other side. In every residential building there is water vapor that comes from people's breath, a hot iron, or a pot of food. And all this, according to the laws of physics, of course, rises upward. As a result, whether there is insulation in the roofing pie or not, the steam still reaches the roofing cladding itself. You can only escape from this with a good vapor barrier, but when installing the so-called cold roof on the contrary, they don’t put it on. And all this, plus the natural humidity of the air above the insulation from the street side, will certainly settle in the form of condensation.

Those. In addition to moisture that comes from outside, condensation also penetrates into the under-roof space. This is a physical phenomenon known to us since school: if temperature regime in a closed under-roof space and outside it differs significantly, then the moisture in the air settles in the form of drops. Scientifically, this process is called the formation of a “dew point.” And only competent waterproofing and ventilation system, which will help the water vapor particles evaporate before condensation occurs.

In a word, there is somewhere for moisture to get into the under-roof space. And our task is not to let it go beyond the waterproofing, so that the roof itself serves us faithfully for as long as possible.

The choice of waterproofing material for the roof depends on the following parameters:

1. Economical
2. Practicality
3. Maintainability
4. Safety
5. Environmental friendliness
6. Toxicity
7. Difficulty performing the work

The ideal option is when you install waterproofing, insulation, and vapor barrier from the same manufacturer.

Waterproofing flat roofs

Separately, we note methods of waterproofing roofs that are almost flat - the angle of inclination does not exceed 5%. These are standard roofs apartment buildings and private outbuildings. Waterproofing of such surfaces is usually carried out using self-leveling, coating, spraying and welding materials.

Welded waterproofing

The weld-on waterproofing is laid overlapping and then melted using burners. A fairly cheap way to completely protect the roof, but dealing with complex seam sealing and open flames is not the most pleasant.

Until recently, roofing felt and glassine were used as roofing insulation, the functionality and durability of which are questionable. But flammability is without a doubt. But today, roll roofing materials are used in two types: polymer and bituminous. Polymer coatings are characterized by a lower cost of coating and relative lightness.

Rolled waterproofing materials can be used on flat roofs or roofs with a slight slope. And a new modification of roofing felt, Euroroofing felt, is actively gaining popularity. This material is made from bitumen, polymer materials and synthetic rubbers. For comparison: in ordinary roofing felt the base is cardboard, but in euroroofing felt there are already synthetic fabrics, which, you must agree, is much stronger. And in order to make the euroroofing felt more durable, a multi-colored coating of mineral chips is additionally applied to it.

Spray waterproofing

Coating, pouring and spraying waterproofing materials create a complete, unbreakable membrane on the roof, with excellent qualities and practicality. But such waterproofing requires special equipment.

Powder insulation is also popular - these are mixtures based on synthetic resins, cement, plasticizers and hardeners. Such mixtures are sold in dry form, and you need to mix them at the work site.

More modern liquid waterproofing is water repellent. These are mixtures based on silicic acids, silicones and organic solvents. The main task of such waterproofing is to be absorbed into the concrete surface and thus provide complete protection against leaks. This material completely repels water, but at the same time – you will be surprised! - still breathing. The only disadvantage of such waterproofing is that after a couple of years the top layer washes out its important elements and begins to “fear” water. That is why such waterproofing is now more actively used for vertical roof surfaces of complex structure.

Coating waterproofing

Modern bitumen waterproofing of flat roofs is no less popular than more innovative solutions. Significant advantages play a role here: reliability, ductility, strength, softness and absolute resistance to temperature changes and any precipitation. Bitumen-polymer and bitumen materials for waterproofing roofs are good primarily because they create a multi-layer structure with a durable synthetic base - fiberglass or polyester fabric.

Basically, bituminous materials are divided into two main types:

• SBS-modified materials with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene. This waterproofing perfectly withstands changing seasons and low temperatures.
• APP-modified materials with APP polymers. This waterproofing has high heat resistance.

For snowy Russia, of course, the first option is more preferable.

Special mastics - plastic waterproofing materials - are made from bitumen for waterproofing roofs. To do this, liquid bitumen is simply mixed with polymers and mineral fillers. This includes bitumen-rubber mastic, bitumen-polymer mastic, primer, and bitumen-emulsion. And these mastics are cold and hot. We recommend that you work with the first type, because... Hot materials require specialists. Not to mention the restrictions. For example, bitumen-based waterproofing materials cannot be used under metal tiles.

Mounted waterproofing

Sometimes, in special cases, even on a flat roof you have to try conventional film waterproofing:

Waterproofing pitched roofs

When choosing a waterproofing material for the roof of your house, pay attention to how “breathable” it is. Yes, waterproofing should not let water into the under-roof space, but should it allow air? But some modern mastics and primers can completely block the flow of oxygen and disrupt natural circulation air in your home.

And all these modern waterproofing materials differ from each other in frost resistance, strength, water resistance and durability.

• According to their physical state, all waterproofing materials are usually divided into roll, powder, film, mastic and membrane.
• By application method: pasting, cast, plastering, painting, injection, mounted, penetrating, impregnating and backfilling.

Roll waterproofing

Rolled non-woven waterproofing materials are most suitable for protecting the roofs of private buildings from moisture.

Unlike roofing felt and glassine, whose service life does not exceed 5 years, modern roofing hydromaterials last from 30 to 100 years.

Welded waterproofing

This is a modern roll membrane, which is attached to the slopes using “hot spots”.

Film waterproofing

Films, as the lightest and at the same time quite practical material, will not soon lose their popularity among roofers. There are three main groups: polyethylene films, polypropylene and modern membranes.

We'll talk about membranes later. But polyethylene roofing film is a waterproofing coating made of polyethylene fibers and reinforced with fabric or a special mesh. Often, newcomers to the construction business make the following unfortunate mistake: they believe that film waterproofing can be completely replaced with ordinary wooden flooring. Someone does this. And at this stage, many people have the following question: “So is film or wood flooring?. In fact, we are talking about two completely different materials when constructing a roof. The main task of the film is maximum waterproofing, in simple terms, simply draining rain and melt water from the roofing pie. But wooden flooring is often made in order to create a rigid base for soft roofing material, such as bitumen shingles.

Some films also have high frost resistance. Thus, micro-perforated reinforced film from Silver 100 can completely replace roofing felt in roofing work. Moreover: unlike roofing felt, it does not stick together, and weighs much less, and it also allows condensation to pass through, and now the tree will not become limp.

"Smart" membranes for roofing

Membranes are a new generation of waterproofing materials for roofs, combining many of the positive qualities of previous types.

Almost all modern membranes can be called “breathable”. This is a kind of waterproofing that completely protects the under-roof space from the penetration of atmospheric moisture, but at the same time remains almost transparent for the escape of water vapor from the inside.

Modern membranes mostly consist of non-woven synthetic fibers. Thanks to their special unique properties, you can completely avoid installing a ventilation gap under the roof. facing material. But this is a saving of up to 50% of space! It is much more rational to fill it with the same insulation. That is why, when converting a cold attic into a residential attic, a membrane is traditionally used as waterproofing.

Perforated membranes

Polyethylene films are also divided into perforated and non-perforated. The former are intended for waterproofing, the latter for vapor barrier.

Perforated membranes are special combined fabrics and reinforced films through which water vapor escapes through punctured holes (that’s why they are called perforated). Their vapor permeability is quite low, only up to 40 g/m2. These are intended for waterproofing cold roofs, and in an insulated roof they can only be installed with double-sided ventilation. But in frosty weather, the steam that settles on the inside of such membranes becomes drizzle and clogs all the small holes, thereby reducing the vapor permeability of the material to almost zero. The only way out is to leave the ridge open during installation so that the film does not reach the top of the rafters by 10 cm:

Porous membranes have an innovative filter structure. These are many interfiber pores through which water vapor easily passes. Over time, this waterproofing property decreases, because pores become clogged from dirty city air.

When installing warm roofs You need to use not just a vapor-waterproofing film, but a vapor-permeable membrane:

But with one or two ventilation ducts you need to install such membranes, read their packaging - each manufacturer has its own requirements.

Universal membranes

There are also universal membranes with anti-condensation properties. One side is smooth, the other is rough, which is exposed to water vapor. But a smooth one means possible water leaks. Such membranes can be used both as internal vapor barrier and as under-roof waterproofing:

Anti-condensation membranes protect the roofing pie from both water and steam. This is the most best material for euro slate and metal tiles.

Multilayer membranes

Modern roofing membranes come in one, two and three layers. Using a single-layer membrane on roofs is a mistake. This way, condensation will not be able to escape, and therefore the insulation will become damp and lose its properties. For example, mineral wool crumbles and settles when cold, thus forming new cold bridges.

Three-layer superdiffusion membranes are rightfully considered the most practical today. They are made of several layers, in which there are no longer holes, and they do not clog over time. Such membranes have 100% wind protection.

But double-layer film membranes are a cheaper version of three-layer ones. These do not have one of the protective substrates, which significantly reduces their reliability. They serve for quite a long time, but are easily torn during installation.

For example, the Delta FOXX roofing membrane already has a two-layer structure. The bottom layer is non-woven polyester, and the top layer is a dispersion water-repellent and vapor-permeable coating. This material has one of the highest vapor permeability values ​​(Sd = 0.02 m), and non-woven polyester as a base gives more strength and elasticity. This is the kind of film that is not afraid of the sharp edges of the sheathing boards, and can withstand all roofing work and workers’ feet quite well.

Diffuse or breathable membranes

As we have already said, diffuse membranes have many small holes through which steam and condensate pass. That is why they cannot be pressed too tightly against the thermal insulation - the holes will block and the membranes will simply cease to perform their functions.

Only modern super-diffuse membranes can be laid directly on a thermal insulation layer. These insulating coatings have a much higher coefficient of vapor and waterproofing, and therefore lower ventilated gaps are not important for them.

Have you figured out which waterproofing is best for your roof? It's time to start construction!