Heating based on temperature differences. The working principle of geothermal heating at home. Horizontal arrangement of the soil collector
A progressive method of geothermal heating of a house uses the operating principle of using the heat of the earth to heat the room. Since traditional fuels are exhaustible natural resources, then you should worry in advance about the transition to the latest inexhaustible energy sources.
Leaders in the production and operation of systems geothermal heating houses are Scandinavian countries. They popularize this installation option and offer it to regions that have wide potential for its use.
Application of equipment
It is incorrect to believe that heating from the ground can only be used where there are hot water springs, warm geysers and other natural underground heating sources. The latest technologies make it possible to successfully operate geothermal heating at home and in temperate latitudes.
Today in our country this type of heating is still classified as an alternative method of generating heat. However, in most cases it is almost ideal for country houses or country houses. Do-it-yourself installed geothermal heating at home can operate in two modes:
- heating in winter time;
- cooling during hot weather.
This creates the most favorable atmosphere in the room.
VIDEO: How geothermal heating works
System Operation
A heat pump needs to be installed in the house. It will take energy from the ground or groundwater, giving it to the coolant circulating in the house through the pipes. This operating principle was identified back in the 19th century by the French physicist Sadi Carnot.
The components of the base node are:
The compressor is responsible for “compressing” heat and moving it to consumers. The device itself requires an external power source.
Job heat pump is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- The heat intake collector must contain a liquid inside that has a low freezing point. Often, when making geothermal heating with your own hands, water with a high salt content, alcohol diluted with water, and glycol mixtures are poured inside.
- In the evaporator module, heat is transferred to the refrigerant, which has a low boiling point, at which time it boils and turns into a vapor state.
- The compressor installed in the circuit increases the steam pressure, which results in an increase in the temperature of the substance to 78-80 0 C.
- Once the refrigerant substance enters the condenser, it enters the liquid phase, and at the same time energy is released for the heating circuit.
- The resulting liquid is returned to the compressor through the throttle valve.
Since a heat pump for heating a home operates on the principle of a refrigerator, it is often called a “reverse refrigerator.” In many cases, energy from the ground is used to install underfloor heating.
Correctly carried out calculations and well-executed installation of the heat exchanger can provide a fivefold increase in output power from one kilowatt consumed by the pump.
VIDEO: How a geothermal heat pump works
Heat exchanger installation
The current installation types are the following:
- vertical, when you need to drill several wells;
- horizontal, where trenches are dug below the freezing depth;
- underwater, when laying is carried out along the bottom of the nearest body of water.
Drilling of the wells
For effective use thermal energy of the earth, if the area near the building is small, it is necessary to drill deep wells. A stable positive temperature remains several meters deep in the earth. The use of such geothermal wells provides heat to the heat exchanger circuit. This heat is then transferred to a second internal circuit located in the room.
Often, drilling several wells costs even less than laying them along the bottom of a reservoir. Thanks to this, the process becomes accessible to more people.
The process is carried out with a small-sized drilling rig and a small amount of auxiliary equipment. This practically does not affect the surrounding area. Construction of a well is allowed even in water, but it should not be closer than 2-3 m from a residential building.
The maximum usable depth is up to 200 m, but often efficiency appears from a level of 50 m. At the next stage, the well is equipped. A plastic tube with a diameter of 40 mm is placed inside the cavity. From one to four collector loops are passed into it.
The cavity between the soil and the outer wall of the tube must be filled with heat-conducting material. The heating main is being wired and connected to the heat pump.
Water energy
This option is the most rational in terms of cost, since it does not require the preparation of trenches, foundation pits and other earthworks. But this capability is not available to everyone - the minimum volume of the reservoir is sufficient to heat a house of 100 sq.m. must be at least 200 cubic meters and located no further than 100 meters from the housing construction.
Pipes are laid along the bottom of reservoirs to prevent them from freezing during the peak of frost.
Carrying out calculations
To perform a system calculation, it is necessary to take into account the basic parameters:
- at a depth exceeding middle lane Russia 15-20 m, temperature is maintained at +8-+10 0 C;
- for vertical structures, it is customary to take in calculations the resulting power value of 50 W per 1 m of height, and more accurate values depend on the degree of moisture in the rock, the presence of groundwater, etc.;
- dry rock gives 20-25 W/m;
- moistened clay or sandstone 45-55 W/m;
- hard granite rocks will provide up to 85 W/m;
- the presence of groundwater gives up to 110 W/m.
Using a Heat Pump
The longevity of the system depends on the characteristics and conditions in which the heat pump operates. In geothermal installations it is capable of operating approximately 1800 hours per year. This is the average value for latitudes without thermal underground springs.
Working principle of a heat pump
The operating principle of the thermal heating system is identical and has nothing to do with the country of origin or brand. Geothermal pumps may vary in design, size, appearance, but the heat production coefficient will always be the same for pumps from different companies and different countries. This is due precisely to the peculiarity of processing natural energy into heat.
The pump should not be used too much, as this process can lead to a significant decrease in the temperature of the soil around the well, and sometimes leads to its freezing.
The consequences of such miscalculations ultimately lead to disastrous consequences - the soil sags unevenly, in some places it goes very deep, resulting in damage to the protective plastic pipes. If the house is located nearby, deformation of the foundation or walls may occur due to geological changes.
Periodically, it is necessary to take measures to “regenerate” the soil, for which additional thermal energy is supplied to the heat exchanger. This can be the energy of a solar collector or heating a probe when a heat pump is used in room cooling mode.
In conclusion, it should be noted that geothermal installation is not yet available to everyone. In some cases, the payback period may last more than 10 years, but in the end, these methods of heating a house in the near future will become not just alternative, but the only possible ones.
Do-it-yourself geothermal heating of a house: diagram, drawing, cost, photo and video instructions
How to make geothermal heating with your own hands. The operating principle of a heat pump. How the energy of earth and water can heat a house without firewood or gas.
Not everyone knows that creating geothermal heating at home does not require specific knowledge or skills. But compared to alternative types of heating, geothermal is not so popular, and the reason for this is extremely simple - large financial costs that will pay off only after eight years. Under such conditions, few want to invest money, and in vain.
DIY geothermal heat pump
In a word, take a closer look at geothermal heating, especially since the cost of electricity and gas is constantly growing and it is unclear which energy source will be cheaper to use in a few years.
Note! This heating method was first used in America during the financial crisis of the eighties. Over time, the new product became popular in Europe. In Sweden, for example, today ¾ of all heat is synthesized through heat pumps.
Construction of geothermal systems
Construction of geothermal systems
Even from the name it is clear that the essence of this type of heating is to use the energy of the earth. According to the principle of operation, it vaguely resembles air conditioners or refrigerators.
The main element is a heat pump connected to two circuits.
- The inner contour means the familiar to us heating system, it consists of radiators and piping.
- External is a very large heat exchanger installed underground or in a reservoir. It contains a coolant (and it can be simple water or antifreeze), having reached the temperature environment, is supplied to the heat pump, from where the accumulated heat enters the internal circuit. This is how heating appliances in the house heat up.
The main element of the system is the heat pump - a device that takes up no more space than gas stove. The performance of the heat pump is quite high: for every kilowatt of energy used, it produces up to five kilowatts of heat.
Heat pump operation diagram
Note! A conventional air conditioner, whose operating principle is very similar, produces exactly as much energy as it consumes, that is, one to one.
Of course, geothermal heating is the most labor-intensive and expensive today. Most of the money will have to be spent on excavation and related equipment, including a heat pump. And many people wonder whether it is possible to save money on this and build, say, a homemade heat pump. To find out, you need to understand the types and features of the equipment.
Pros and cons of the system
Here are the main advantages of this heating method:
- use of the inexhaustible energy of the earth;
- high productivity factor;
- no risk of fire;
- efficiency;
- ease of maintenance and operation;
- no need for fuel storage;
- autonomy;
- environmental friendliness and safety.
The only disadvantages include the high cost of installation, but, as already mentioned, these costs will certainly pay off.
Note! Geothermal heating is most beneficial in tandem with “warm floors”, as well as in houses whose area does not exceed 150 square meters.
Methods for constructing geothermal systems
Methods for constructing geothermal systems
One of essential elements is the thermal circuit. When positioned vertically, it can lie at a depth of 20 m to 150 m, depending on the geological circulation of heat. Horizontal circuits are installed at a depth of up to 2.5 m and are heated due to temperature fluctuations at solar heating or heat loss.
1. Direct heat exchange
Thermal devices with direct heat exchange are in direct contact with the soil. The coolant leaves the device body, moves along an underground copper line, exchanging thermal energy, and returns back.
Such heat exchange is called direct because the liquid is in contact with the ground without any “intermediaries.” Of course, it does not interact with the soil directly, but only exchanges heat with it through the walls of the pipes. Today, such pumps are rarely used; they should not be confused with devices in which heat exchange takes place through intermediate circuits.
Be that as it may, the efficiency of direct heat exchange is quite high, and the financial costs of installation are lower than in most closed systems. The thermal conductivity of copper plays an important role in this, as well as the absence of an electric water pump and an exchanger between the coolant and water, which, as is known, is the main source of heat loss.
It is also worth noting that copper pipelines are expensive, and more coolant is required than for other types of systems.
2. Closed systems
Most of these systems consist of a primary circuit filled with refrigerant and a secondary circuit filled with water and installed underground. For the manufacture of the secondary circuit they are mainly used polypropylene pipes, and fill it with water with a small amount of antifreeze.
Water leaves the heat exchanger, moves along the outer circuit, exchanging thermal energy with the soil, and returns. It is characteristic that the outer contour is below the soil freezing level, where the temperature is stable; they also immerse him in the nearest body of water.
Note! Systems submerged in water or located in moist soil are much more productive than dry circuits. Therefore, in dry soil next to the circuit, it is advisable to install a drainage hose that would moisten it.
Closed systems are less efficient than the previous option because they require labor-intensive drilling and a long pipe system. Also note that closed circuits are installed in two ways - vertically and horizontally.
The vertical circuit consists of two pipes going underground at right angles to a depth of 20-120 m. Their lower parts are connected to each other by a U-shaped connector. Shafts dug for pipes are usually filled with a special solution that improves heat transfer and protects underground aquifers from pollution.
If the system is placed horizontally, the pipes are buried below the freezing level of the soil. Naturally, they run horizontally. For obvious reasons, this method is cheaper than vertical placement (read: drilling), so it is used wherever there is enough space on the site.
3. Horizontal drilling contours
Horizontal Drilling Contours
An alternative to the two previous options may be to lay the contour through horizontal drilling. This makes it possible to install pipes under a garden, yard, road and other objects without destroying them.
In terms of cost, such a system is somewhere between horizontal and vertical installation. Her distinctive feature is that the loops can be connected to only one chamber, and this reduces the area required for installation.
Note! Contours using horizontal drilling are installed after the building is built.
4. Water circuits
Closed circuits that are immersed in reservoirs are a pipeline laid in loops. They can be placed in any lake or pond that is located in close proximity to the house.
5. Open systems
In such systems, the outer contour is filled natural water. It then moves to a heat exchanger located in the body of the device, where the heat is extracted and transferred to the primary circuit. After this, the water returns back. The supply and return lines must be placed far from each other to efficiently feed the heat source.
Note! All elements of the system must be well protected from corrosion, because... chemical composition circulating water cannot be controlled. This is why it is advisable to use closed circuits if the level of minerals and salts in the water is high.
Although the effectiveness open systems an order of magnitude higher than closed ones, problems may arise during installation, mainly of a legal nature. Installation permits may be required because these systems contaminate wells and deplete aquifers.
6. Columns of liquid
Circuits with liquid columns are one of the types of closed-type systems. In this case, water comes from the bottom deep well, passes through the pump and falls back, exchanging heat with the surrounding soil.
Often liquid columns are used where free space is limited. It is not advisable to use this system on clay or sandy soil.
We also note that the structure can consist of several pillars at once and is used mainly in small buildings.
Stage one. Before you start making a pump, it is necessary to take a number of measures to improve the energy efficiency of your home. These measures include insulating floors and walls, replacing leaking doors and windows, and thermal insulation of the roof and ceiling.
Stage two. Then you need to conduct geological exploration to find out the depth of soil freezing. After this, you should draw up a project based on the selected technology.
Stage three. Purchasing everything you need - heating system parts, pipes and a compressor for the pump.
The compressor - the heart of any geothermal pump - should be discussed separately. It is impossible to make it yourself and the only option left is to buy a finished product.
It is better to buy a device with a power of more than 7 kW, used in high-performance air conditioners (such compressors are sold in service centers specializing in servicing household appliances).
DIY geothermal heat pump
Stage four. Then you can begin assembling the internal heat exchanger. Let us remind you that it is necessary to transfer the accumulated thermal energy to the heating network. The materials for a given element, as well as its volume, completely depend on the specific climatic conditions. For coolant circulation, they are usually used copper tubes, while the container is made of non-corrosion material. Ideally, this capacity should be a 150-liter stainless steel tank.
Stage five. The pre-prepared copper coil must be placed in the tank. It will not be possible to do this without damaging the latter - it must be cut into two parts, and after fixing the coil, welded to its original state.
Stage six. Then you should drill shafts or trenches and install a pipeline there. Upon completion of work, it is necessary to conduct a test run of the system.
Note! Due to the high degree of complexity of the work, it is better to entrust the design and installation of such heating to experienced specialists. The same can be said about the manufacture of a heat pump.
DIY geothermal heat pump
Learn how to build your own geothermal heat pump! Geothermal heating system, types of heat pumps, manufacturing stages, photo + video.
Do-it-yourself geothermal heating at home: a comparative review of design methods
Many owners of private houses still believe that geothermal heating is a term almost from the realm of science fiction, and it is relevant only for those regions where hot springs bubble and there is high volcanic activity. And since such natural phenomena- a rarity, then the prospects for using this alternative energy in our conditions they look vague for many. In fact, a geothermal pump successfully generates heat even at low temperatures, so even in temperate climate it can be used quite effectively. But is it possible to install geothermal heating at home with your own hands? Let's try to figure this out.
Classification by construction type
The operating principle of geothermal heating is similar to that of an air conditioner or refrigerator. The main element is a heat pump included in two circuits.
Operating principle of a geothermal (heat) pump
The internal circuit is a traditional heating system consisting of pipes and radiators. External - an impressively sized heat exchanger located underground or in the water column. Both a special liquid with antifreeze and ordinary water can circulate inside it. The coolant takes on the temperature of the medium and, “warmed up,” enters the heat pump, the accumulated heat is transferred to the internal circuit. In this way, water is heated in pipes and radiators.
The geothermal (heat) pump is a key element of the system. This is a compact unit that takes up no more space than a washing machine that is familiar to us. If we talk about performance, then for every 1 kW of electricity consumed, the pump “produces” up to 4-5 kW of thermal energy. While a conventional air conditioner, which has a similar principle of operation, will “respond” to 1 kW of heat for 1 kW of electricity consumed.
Scheme of geothermal heating in a private house
It must be admitted that the installation of this type of heating is the most expensive and labor-intensive to date. The lion's share of its cost is the purchase of equipment and, of course, excavation work. Naturally, a thrifty owner wonders whether it is possible to save money, for example, on installation and make geothermal heating with his own hands? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand which systems are used most often and understand the features of their design.
Horizontal heat exchanger
Quite often, a horizontal circuit is used, in which pipes are laid in trenches to a depth greater than the freezing level of the soil in a given area.
The disadvantage of a geothermal heating system with a horizontal circuit is the large area occupied by the collector
The disadvantage is that the area occupied by the circuit must be much larger than the house itself, so to heat a building with an area of 250 m², about 600 m² will go under the pipes. Not every developer can afford such luxury.
In addition, inconveniences arise if the site is already landscaped; for example, you have to observe the distance from trees (1.5 m) and many other nuances.
Vertical heat exchanger
A more compact, but also more expensive option is a vertical heat exchanger. Its installation does not require a large area, but it will require special drilling equipment.
Installation of a vertical heat exchanger requires the use of special drilling equipment
The depth of the well, depending on the technology, can reach 50-200 m, but its service life is up to 100 years. This method is especially relevant when planning geothermal heating of a country house with a developed adjacent territory; it allows you to preserve the landscape almost in its original form.
Water-based heat exchanger
The most economical geothermal installation uses thermal energy from water. It is recommended if the distance to the nearest body of water does not exceed 100 m.
A water-based heat exchanger is the most advantageous and therefore more appropriate for the device
A circuit of pipes in the form of a spiral is laid on the bottom; the depth should be less than 2.5-3 m, that is, deeper than the freezing zone. Reservoir area – from 200 m². The main advantage is that there is no need to perform labor-intensive excavation work, but it is necessary to obtain permission from special services. Having spent significant amounts of money on expensive equipment, you should not skimp on high-quality installation. After all, the quality and efficiency of the entire system will depend on it.
As you can see, installing geothermal heating at home with your own hands is not so easy. Of all the listed types, perhaps only the last option will be quite easy to implement on your own. But even in this case, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons.
About the advantages and disadvantages of the system
For the first time, geothermal heating was looked at closely in the United States during the crisis in the 80s. Quite expensive installations were installed in the homes of the richest and most advanced, but gradually they became more accessible and popular. Europe took note of the new product and began to actively implement it across its borders. Now this type of heating is no longer a curiosity; in Sweden, for example, about 70% of all heat is synthesized using heat pumps.
Manufacturers of miracle equipment and green people unanimously talk about the advantages of this type of heating over all others, the main advantages that are emphasized are:
- Thermal energy of the earth is used for heating, which is renewable and inexhaustible;
- there is no risk of fire;
- there is no need for delivery and storage of fuel materials;
- When the equipment operates, no harmful emissions are generated, the system is absolutely safe and environmentally friendly;
- the system operates autonomously and does not require constant monitoring and intervention;
- it is economical and requires virtually no maintenance costs from the owner;
- With all the variety of models, the equipment productivity coefficient remains consistently high.
The geothermal heating system performed well in combination with “warm floors”. This duo ensures uniform temperature distribution and prevents the formation of overheating zones.
Important! This type of heating is most beneficial for houses with an area of up to 150 m²; the owners of such small cottages assure that the costs are recouped in just 3-4 years.
Note that these systems have not yet become popular in the post-Soviet space. This is largely due to the fairly significant capital investments that will need to be made at the very beginning, and the rather long payback period. It is quite difficult to convince our fellow citizens that this is, after all, economically profitable. Although, if we take into account the annual rise in price of conventional coolants and the fact that the system is designed for an average of 100 years of efficient operation, the choice will seem quite justified.
Do-it-yourself geothermal heating of a house - is it possible?
Geothermal heating system - device, principle of operation. Which geothermal heating for a country house to choose. Is it possible to make geothermal heating at home with your own hands?
Do-it-yourself geothermal heating at home
When building a house, each owner tries to think about the weight of the design nuances. Heating is an equally important point that requires consultation with specialists. For many, geothermal heating seems unattainable, because it is associated only with places where hot springs bubble. However, in practice, a special pump can generate energy, so this option is suitable for any climatic conditions and terrain. However, is it worth doing geothermal heating at home with your own hands, because the equipment itself is already expensive. To find the answer to this question, it is worth studying the existing options and features of installation work.
How Geothermal Heating Works
Geothermal heating works on the same principle as air conditioning. The components are two circuits and a heat pump.
The internal circuit includes pipes and radiators located throughout the house. The external circuit is a heat exchanger, which is placed either underground or under water. Liquid with antifreeze or plain water circulates inside. The heated liquid enters the pump, which accelerates it through the elements of the internal circuit, due to which the water in the radiators is always warm.
The pump does not take up much space, but performs one of the key functions in the system. For every kW of electricity used, it produces 4 times the heat output. The air conditioner is not so productive, because after taking 1 kW of electricity, it gives out the same amount.
Classification depending on the type of structure
This type of heating arrangement in a house is considered one of the most expensive and this is due to the price of equipment and earthworks. At such moments, many consumers wonder what they can save on, and the only thing that comes to mind is installation. However, to understand whether this is so, it is worth evaluating the features of the device and possible options designs.
- Horizontal heat exchanger. When choosing this design, the pipes are laid underground, and the depth must be greater than the freezing level of the soil. However, this option requires the allocation of territory for the contour. Just imagine, if you need to heat a house with an area of 250 m2, then you will need 600 m2 to arrange the circuit. In addition, it is necessary to take into account some technical points. For example, all elements should be located at a minimum distance from the tree - 1.5 meters. If the site is landscaped, then this already creates certain inconveniences.
- Vertical option does not require selection large area, however, the use of drilling equipment will incur significant costs. Creating a well is a labor-intensive process, however, this structure will last for at least a hundred years. This option is suitable for areas that are already developed.
- The water-based option uses the energy of water and allows you to significantly save on arrangement. The only requirement is the presence of a reservoir within 100 meters, its area must be at least 200 m2, and the structure must be located no deeper than three meters.
As practice shows, it is difficult to carry out installation with your own hands. Considering that there will be a lot of money invested in equipment, you should not skimp on the installation process and should turn to professionals.
Benefits of Geothermal Heating
Previously, such installations could be found in luxurious and wealthy homes, but now they have become more affordable. They were first used by residents of the United States in the 80s, and now residents of European countries have taken note. This solution allowed us to save on heating costs overall. Twenty years ago, 12 million European citizens took advantage of a similar design, but today their number has increased dramatically.
In Sweden already most of heat is produced using heat pumps. Accordingly, their popularity has increased due to a number of advantages over all alternative systems:
- The inexhaustible and renewable energy of the earth is used to heat your own home;
- There is no risk of fire;
- You don’t have to look for cheap fuel and think about where to store it;
- Ecologically clean system, without the formation of harmful emissions, due to which it is actively supported by environmentalists;
- Lack of regular monitoring and intervention; the system operates autonomously at all levels;
- Unlimited amount of energy available at any time and in any quantity;
- You don’t have to spend money on system maintenance;
- High performance compared to existing alternatives.
Experts recommend combining the installation of a geothermal system and heated floors to achieve maximum effect benefits. Firstly, uniform temperature distribution is guaranteed, and secondly, the formation of overheating zones will be avoided.
In order for the costs to pay off in full in 3-4 years, it is worth considering that this type of heating is beneficial to owners of cottages up to 150 m2. Taking into account the fact that conventional heating networks regularly become more expensive and fail, a decision towards a geothermal system will allow you to forget about heat supply for at least 100 years. The chosen option will quickly justify itself. In the post-Soviet space, this option is less popular due to the large investment. It is still difficult to convince our fellow citizens that it is better to spend money once and forget about the problem.
Installation features
If gas and electricity are constantly becoming more expensive, and with them the heating of a private home, then when choosing a geothermal system you can forget about this feature. In addition, you do not have to take into account that gas reserves will exhaust themselves over time. Application solid fuel an even more expensive solution. When burning wood and coal, harmful substances are released. Among all the alternatives, this option is the safest, however, unlike gas heating and solid fuel, installation of the system is more labor-intensive and expensive. Therefore, it should be entrusted to professionals with extensive experience in this field. Only they know all the nuances of installation. If the work is carried out correctly, the heating issue will be resolved for many years.
At the same time, inside the room there will be the same pipes and radiators through which heat will flow. The main elements will be hidden underground - a well and a heat exchanger. The house must have a device that will convert heat. It is for this that it is necessary to allocate as much space as possible. With its help, the owner of the premises can regulate the temperature and supply of thermal energy. As a rule, in private homes the generator is located in the basement or a separate room.
Do-it-yourself geothermal heating of a house: diagram and installation features
Features of the selection and installation of geothermal heating. Do-it-yourself installation of pumps and additional equipment in the house.
There are many different options for heating your home. People's attention is naturally focused on searching for methods that consume the least amount of energy. Fierce debate is caused by such a progressive method of obtaining heat as the use of underground sources.
How does it work?
The operating principle of geothermal heating involves the use of heat pumps. They operate according to the classical Carnot cycle, taking cold coolant deep below and receiving in return a fluid flow heated to 50 degrees inside the heating system. The equipment operates with an efficiency of 350 to 450% (this does not contradict the fundamental physical laws; why will be discussed later). A standard heat pump heats a house or other building using the heat of the earth for 100 thousand hours (this is the average interval between preventive major repairs).
Heating to 50 degrees was not chosen by chance. Based on the results of special calculations and the study of practically implemented systems, this indicator was recognized as the most effective. Therefore, earth heating, which uses the flow of energy from the subsoil, is mainly supplemented not by radiators, but by a warm floor or an air circuit. On average, for 1000 W of energy driving the pump, it is possible to raise approximately 3500 W of thermal energy to the top. Against the backdrop of the rampant increase in the cost of coolant in the main network and other heating methods, this is a very pleasant indicator.
Geothermal heating is formed by three circuits:
- ground collector;
- heat pump;
- actually, the heating complex of the house.
A collector is a collection of pipes that are supplemented with a pump for recirculation. The coolant in the external circuit has a temperature of 3 to 7 degrees. And even such an apparently insignificant scatter allows the system to effectively solve the assigned tasks. To transfer heat, either ethylene glycol in its pure form or its mixture with water is used. All-water underground heating loops are rare.
The reason is simple - the water that occurs in a sufficiently heated soil layer quickly corrodes the equipment. And even such a liquid can not be found in any random place. The choice of a specific coolant is determined constructive solutions engineers. The pump is selected depending on the design of the remaining parts of the system. Since the well depth (equipment level) is determined natural conditions, the decisive differences between the types of geothermal systems are related to the design of the collector in the ground.
The horizontal structure implies the location of the collector below the soil freezing line. Depending on the specific area, this means a deepening of 150-200 cm. Such collectors can be equipped with various pipes, both copper (with an outer layer of PVC) and made of metal-plastic. To get from 7 to 9 kW of heat, you will have to lay at least 300 square meters. m collector. This technique does not allow you to get closer to the trees than 150 cm, and after installation is completed you will have to landscape the area.
A vertically aligned reservoir involves drilling several wells, necessarily directed in different directions, and each one is drilled at its own angle. Geothermal probes are located inside the wells, thermal output from 1 linear. m reaches approximately 50 W. It is easy to calculate that for an identical amount of heat (7-9 kW), 150-200 m of wells will have to be installed. The advantage in this case is not only in savings, but also in the fact that the landscape structure of the territory does not change. You just need to highlight small area for installation of the caisson block and for setting up the concentrating manifold.
A water-heated circuit is practical if it can be removed external node heat exchange into a lake or pond to a depth of 200 to 300 cm. But prerequisite the reservoir will be located within a radius of 0.1 km from the heated building and the water surface area will be at least 200 square meters. m. There are also air heat exchangers, when the external circuit receives heat from the atmosphere. This solution works well in the southern regions of the country and does not require any excavation work. The weaknesses of the system are low efficiency when the temperature drops to 15 degrees and a complete stop if the temperature drops to 20 degrees.
Peculiarities
Geothermal heating of a country house, first of all, does not consume expensive and air-polluting mineral fuel. Already 7 out of 10 new houses built in Sweden are heated in this way. On hot days, geothermal equipment changes from being a heater to providing passive air conditioning. Contrary to popular belief, such a heating system does not require either volcanoes or geysers to operate. In the most common flat terrain it works no worse.
The only condition is for the thermal circuit to reach a point below the freezing line, where the soil temperature is always between 3 and 15 degrees. Ultra-high efficiency only seems to contradict the laws of nature; the heat pump is saturated with freon, which evaporates under the influence of even what appears to be “icy” water. The steam warms the third circuit. This scheme represents a refrigerator turned inside out. Therefore, pump efficiency refers only to the quantitative ratio of electrical energy and thermal resources. The drive itself operates “as expected,” with inevitable energy losses.
Advantages and disadvantages
The objective advantages of geothermal heating can be considered:
- excellent efficiency;
- a solid service life (a heat pump lasts 2-3 decades, and geological probes last up to 100 years);
- stability of operation under almost any conditions;
- lack of connection to energy resources;
- complete autonomy.
There is one major problem preventing geothermal heating from becoming a truly widespread solution. This, as reviews from the owners show, is the high price of the structure being created. To heat an ordinary house of 200 square meters. m (not so rare), it will be necessary to build a turnkey system for 1 million rubles, up to 1/3 of this amount costs a heat pump. Automated installations are very convenient, and if everything is configured correctly, they can work for years without human intervention. Everything depends only on the availability of free funds. Another disadvantage is the dependence on the power supply of the pump unit.
The risk of fire in a geothermal heating system is zero. There is no need to be afraid of it taking up too much space; in the house itself, the necessary parts will require approximately the same area as an ordinary washing machine. Moreover, it frees up space that would normally have to be reserved for fuel storage. It is unlikely that you will be able to construct the necessary contours yourself. It is also better to entrust design to professionals, since the slightest mistake can lead to unpleasant consequences.
Arrangement
Quite a lot of people are trying to create geothermal heating with their own hands. But for such a system to work, careful calculations must be made, and a pipe routing diagram must also be drawn up. You cannot bring the well closer to the house than 2-3 m. The maximum permissible drilling depth reaches 200 m, but wells reaching 50 m demonstrate good efficiency.
Calculations
The main parameters that are taken into account in any calculations are:
- temperature (depths of 15-20 m and more warm up from 8 to 100 degrees, depending on the conditions);
- extracted power value (average value - 0.05 kW per 1 m);
- the influence of climate, humidity and contact with groundwater on heat transfer.
What is very interesting is that completely dry rocks emit no more than 25 W per 1 m, and if there is groundwater, this figure rises to 100-110 W. We must not forget that the standard operating time of a heat pump is 1800 hours per year. If you exceed this figure, the system will not become more efficient, but its wear will rapidly increase. What is much worse, excessive exploitation of the thermal resource of the subsoil leads to its cooling and even to the freezing of rocks at the working depth. Following this, the soil may subsidence, sometimes damaging working pipes and above-ground structures.
It is necessary to carefully calculate the actions to regenerate soil properties. Only by periodically supplying heat into the well instead of extracting it outside can one guarantee stable operation of the system for many years to come. How often to do this and what else to do will be determined by calculations made by experienced designers. The payback time for geothermal heating, even with the highest efficiency, is at least 10 years. So, in addition to engineering issues, you should carefully consider the economics of the project.
Sequence of work
Heat supply from underground sources must be created according to a strictly developed algorithm. Since water and air systems have limited use, most practically used options involve drilling wells. And this is another reason why you can’t do everything yourself. Only special equipment allows you to penetrate to a depth of 20-100 m, where the necessary conditions for heating are created. Can be used as probes plastic pipes rated for a pressure of about 6 bar.
To increase the efficiency of the system, use 3 or 4 line harnesses, the end sections of which are connected in the form of the letter U. Heating along the contour is very important, thanks to it, cracking of pipes is eliminated in severe frost. This heating is carried out through a wire stretched into the center of the channel through which current is supplied. If it is not possible to use energy piles, horizontal receivers have to be used. A platform with dimensions of 15x15 m is prepared for them, the soil is removed from it to a depth of 0.5 m.
This entire area is needed for laying some kind of probes. Electrical mats or pipes that exchange heat are often used. To increase the efficiency of the heating system, pipes are laid out in a spiral or in the form of a “snake”. It is impossible to say for sure which is better - ready-made complexes produced in series, or self-assembly. In the first case, the compatibility problem is automatically solved, but in the second, flexibility increases and the potential for modernization increases (although more attention must be paid to design).
Amateur builders can move away from a standard heat accumulator by replacing it with a concrete screed. Geothermal heating in such a system allows you to do without significant temperature fluctuations. You can conduct experiments with different coolants, as well as install compressors with varying performance. By properly calculating the loads and correctly distributing heat across the consuming circuits, you can make the system 15-20% more efficient. At the same time, power costs are noticeably reduced.
Horizontally placed pipes are laid to a depth of 50-300 cm. To keep the area of the lines as small as possible, they are made in the form of turns. But between two separate lines there must be at least 200 mm. Any construction work must be preceded by a determination of the thermal output of the soil. If it is less than 20 W per 1 sq. m, there is no point in a geothermal circuit. To ensure the drainage of groundwater, the bottom of the pits is covered with a layer of sand. Pipes based on cross-linked polyethylene perform well.
The limited supply of natural energy resources forces humanity to search for alternative energy sources. Geothermal home heating is an excellent alternative to traditional heating methods. This can be confirmed by factual data on the widespread use of geothermal heating systems in Europe and America as the main sources of heat.
A little history! Geothermal heating systems “expanded” significantly in the late eighties of the last century, mainly in America. At the beginning, the substantial investment in installing such a unit allowed it to be used only by wealthy people, but a few years later this system became accessible to less wealthy Americans, raising the importance of geothermal heating systems in the heating equipment market.
In European countries, just two decades ago, the number of geothermal installations exceeded 12 million, but today one can only guess about the size of the “population” of geothermal installations in private homes.
Why is this happening?
Everything is very simple! The most accessible and convenient system Gas heating reduces natural fuel reserves at a cost out of your pocket. And burning solid fuel (wood, coal, peat) is not only inconvenient, but is also accompanied by the release of harmful carbon dioxide, the loss of soot and tar. And additional space for fuel storage is also needed.
Operating principle of the system
Geothermal heating systems have a principle of operation similar to that of a refrigerator (air conditioner). Simply, the refrigerator refrigerator cools the air, and the geothermal heat pump heats the heating system coolant.
The heat (energy) of the Earth is used to heat the room. A heat pump located in a house takes energy from groundwater or the soil itself, converting it into heat. This “heat” is then used to heat the coolant in the home’s heating system itself.
The operating principle of the heat pump is based on the reverse Carnot cycle, developed back in the 19th century.
The “heart” of such a system is the compressor, which “compresses” and “transfers” heat. To do this, it needs an external source of energy - an electrical network.
In a company with compressors, the internal circuit of the heat pump operates: a condenser, an evaporator and a throttle valve.
A heat pump works like this:
- The heat intake manifold is filled with an antifreeze liquid (glycol mixture, a mixture of water and alcohol, or salt water) that will transport “underground” or “underwater” heat to the pump.
- This thermal energy in the evaporator is transferred to the very low boiling point refrigerant, causing it to rapidly boil and evaporate (turn to steam).
- A running compressor increases the pressure of this steam, which accordingly leads to an increase in its temperature.
- In the condenser, the refrigerant is cooled, transferring heat to the heating circuit of the house, and condenses.
- Through the throttle valve, the refrigerant flows back into the compressor, and the cycle repeats again...
A heat pump can also be called, in other words, an “inside out” refrigerator. After all, in a refrigerator, the refrigerant is heated by the heat of the products placed in it (the refrigerator), and through a system of tubes it is discharged to the rear wall, heating the air outside the refrigerator.
And in the case of a heat pump, this generated heat heats the coolant in the heating system of the house itself. “Warm floors” are most often and more efficiently used as heating devices in such heating systems.
Notice! If there is a high-quality and correctly calculated “heat intake” circuit, with a consumption of 1 kW of electricity, the heat pump is capable of delivering up to 5 kW of thermal energy to the system!
Types of heat exchangers for geothermal heating systems
Horizontal heat exchanger
Horizontal pipes are laid to a depth exceeding the thickness of the soil freezing layer.
This type of thermal circuit is optimal when there is a large area personal plot without garden plantings (trees). Laying the circuit pipe is not allowed at a distance of less than 1.5 m from the tree crown.
When heating a house of 250 m2, an area of 600 m2 will be needed to accommodate the heat exchange circuit. But such space is not always available. Especially in densely populated cottage towns.
This factor can be called a disadvantage of this type of heat exchanger.
Vertical heat exchanger
A vertical heat exchanger is a luxury that perhaps not every developer can afford. To “arrange” such a heat exchanger, you will need special drilling equipment.
The heat exchanger circuit is lowered into a well 50-200 m deep. To increase the thermal power, several such wells are used, the pipelines of which are connected through special collector units.
The advantage of organizing such a heat exchanger circuit system is the possibility of working in a developed area - this method will not damage the existing landscape.
Heat exchanger placed in water
This option is the most economical to install - there is no need to carry out excavation work, but it requires the presence of a reservoir with an area of at least 200 m2 at a distance of no more than 100 m from the house. The circuit pipes are laid to a depth greater than the freezing depth (at least 2-3 m) at the bottom.
Advantages and disadvantages of geothermal heating systems
We would like to highlight one of the most significant advantages of geothermal heating systems: environmental safety for your home. After all, the process of normal operation of the heat pump is not accompanied by any harmful emissions into the atmosphere. And the absence of flammable substances in the fuel pump, in the presence of working electrical wiring, virtually eliminates the threat of fire.
No fuel means no costs for its delivery and storage.
Low electricity consumption with relatively high heat transfer (from 1 kW of electricity to 5 kW of thermal energy) is another important (or the most important) factor determining the choice of a geothermal heating system for a country house.
The autonomy of a geothermal heating system frees you from the need to monitor and maintain it.
An important functional benefit of a geothermal heating system is its ability to act as an air conditioner in hot weather. In this mode, the opposite happens: heat from the room warms up the refrigerant, which transfers it to the external heat collector.
The disadvantage of such a system is the complexity of its installation and the correspondingly high cost of both installation work and the equipment itself.
Geothermal heating system is the most expensive to install and purchase equipment.
In this case, you can save money on installing this system yourself, but you need to pay significant attention to calculations and consultations with a “pro.”
Using a bivalent heating circuit
The bivalent system involves the parallel use of two heat sources during peak loads (at low ambient temperatures).
In such a system, an additional boiler, for example an electric boiler, is connected in parallel to the heat pump. It is used when it is necessary to use intensive heating mode at low ambient temperatures.
If there are few “frosty” days a year in the region where you live, then the presence of such an “assistant” allows you to save on the power of the heat pump, which significantly affects its cost.
The search for alternative energy sources led to the invention of devices that are capable of accumulating heat, which is found in large quantities in the human environment. Sun rays, geyser springs, soil - all this, to one degree or another, can satisfy the need for heating the coolant for the heating system and hot water supply. Although geothermal heating using the heat of the earth is a relatively new direction, the prospects for such a solution are obvious. Thanks to the installation of special equipment, it becomes possible to obtain a cheap, almost endless type of thermal energy.How to get heat into a house from the ground
The ground does not freeze completely even in winter. This feature is used by installation crews who lay the pipeline below the freezing point. Surprisingly, the temperature of these layers rarely drops below +5 +7°C degrees. Is it possible to take advantage of the earth's ability to accumulate heat, extract it and use it to heat the coolant? Certainly! But to do alternative heating Is it possible for a private house using earth's heat? The following problems will need to be solved:- Receiving heat - you will need to accumulate thermal energy and direct it to a storage tank.
- Heating the coolant. The heated antifreeze must transfer thermal energy to the liquid that circulates in the heating and hot water system.
- Cooled antifreeze must be returned to the heat exchanger for further heating.
How does geothermal heating work at home, principle of operation
Underground deep heating from the ground is no longer a fantasy. Such installations can be easily purchased in Russia. Moreover, geothermal installations are able to operate both in northern and southern latitudes. But what principle do they use in their work? Even in the last century, it was noted that when certain types of liquids evaporate, they can cool the surface. This is exactly what happens when they wipe the skin with alcohol before an injection or water a paved area heated under the sun. This principle was taken as the basis for the development of refrigeration equipment.
Then the idea arose: why not start the cooling process in reverse side and not get hot air instead of cold. Most modern air conditioners are able to not only cool the air in the room, but also work to heat it. But the disadvantage of such devices is that they are limited by the ambient temperature. So, after the mark reaches -5 degrees, they stop working. Geothermal pumps for heating private houses from the ground are completely devoid of this disadvantage, although they use a principle that is in many ways reminiscent of the operation of an air conditioner to heat a room.
How does geothermal heating work?
As already noted, geothermal system heating from the bowels of the earth is in many ways similar to the operation of an air conditioner in heating mode. What is happening at this moment? - In the lower layers of the soil, at the bottom of a river or lake, water collectors are installed through which antifreeze circulates. Collectors absorb heat and release cold.
- The heated antifreeze rises to the top using a pump.
- Heat exchange occurs in the buffer tank. Heated antifreeze transfers thermal energy to the coolant or heats the water.
- The cooled antifreeze flows back to the collectors.
There are installations that are able to independently heat large rooms, others are used exclusively as auxiliary equipment capable of providing 50-75% of the room’s heat needs.
Geothermal equipment for using the heat of the earth
Principle of operation deep system heating a house using earth's energy is based on the use of special equipment. It does following functions: accumulates heat from the environment and transfers it to the coolant of the heating system. The following nodes are used for this: - The evaporator is located deep underground. The function of the evaporator is to absorb thermal energy found in the surrounding soil.
- Condenser - brings antifreeze to the required temperature.
- Heat pump - circulates antifreeze in the system. Monitors the operation of the entire installation.
- Buffer tank - collects heated antifreeze in one place to transfer energy to the coolant. It consists of an internal tank containing water from the heating system and an internal coil through which heated antifreeze moves.
Although natural low-temperature geothermal heating of a house with the heat of the earth provides enough thermal energy, the most practical option heating with this solution is to connect it to the “warm floor” system.
Installation and installation of geothermal heating
The main difficulty regarding the installation of geothermal equipment is associated with the installation of the heat exchanger circuit in the soil-ground. Although you can find a lot of advice on the Internet on how to do this work yourself, practice shows that most of the advice cannot be applied without special specialized education, therefore, all work must be performed by professional installers who are representatives of the manufacturer. After contacting specialists, geothermal heating systems for private houses using the heat of the earth are installed in the following several stages:- An engineer will visit your home. During the first visit, soil samples are taken, the features of the area are determined and a decision is made on the most efficient installation geothermal system. The efficiency of the installation can also be affected by the source of the intended heat. It is considered more productive to install heat exchangers at the bottom of a reservoir or at the sources of thermal sources.
- Concluding an agreement and purchasing the necessary equipment. Prices may vary significantly depending on the complexity of the installation work and other nuances. But on average, if a high-quality German manufacturer is chosen, the cost of installation will be approximately equal to its price. Turnkey purchase of Vaillant installation for a house of 350 sq. m. will cost approximately 21 thousand $
- Installation work. Heating a private house with underground geothermal heat sources, or rather, its efficiency largely depends on correct implementation works at the installation stage. After the water heat exchangers are installed in the ground, a connection is made to the geothermal installation and home heating system.
- Commissioning works. The engineer starts the system and makes fine adjustments to the device. After setup, the Work Completion Certificate is signed.
According to current legislation, the company installing the equipment may provide additional warranties subject to payment for these services. Such guarantees will cost an additional $1000.
Is geothermal heating effective in the North?
To create the minimum conditions necessary for the operation of a geothermal installation, it is sufficient to comply with the following conditions:- The temperature of the soil layer in which the heat exchangers are located should not fall below +5.+7°C degrees.
- Throughout the entire system through which antifreeze flows, conditions have been created to prevent it from freezing.
- Geothermal heating of a country house is completed after all necessary calculations and design documentation.
Geyser heating of a private house
The performance of a geothermal pump largely depends on the temperature of the soil or water in which the heat exchanger is located. In this regard, the residents of Kamchatka are in a more advantageous position. On the peninsular Kamchatka there are a huge number of thermal springs - geysers that do not cool down even in the winter season. Before installation of equipment, geological exploration must be carried out. If a warm source is located on the territory of the house, it makes sense to place heat exchangers at the bottom of this reservoir. In this case, geothermal energy will pay for itself much faster.How to heat a house using a geothermal pump
The technology of heating a house with underground heat is most in demand in the West. This is primarily due to the mentality of the residents Western countries. They are used to making long-term investments that pay off completely only after a few years. And there are few people who are able to pay about $20 thousand at a time for the installation of equipment. But the number of people who want to become independent from other heating sources is constantly growing. Alternative methods of geothermal home heating are becoming more popular, especially given the ever-increasing cost of gas.Thermal energy literally lies under your feet. It's just a matter of bending down and “picking up” it. A geothermal installation can help with this. Installing a pump allows, depending on the area, either to completely compensate for the needs for thermal energy, or to partially satisfy them, significantly reducing the load on the main source of heating and the domestic hot water system of a private home.
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Is heating a house effective using the heat and energy of the earth: analysis and tips for arrangement
Geothermal heating is one of the most promising of all alternative energy sources. Unlike solar systems, it practically does not depend on the time of year. But is it profitable to heat a house using the heat and energy of the earth?
Geothermal home heating
Geothermal heating schemeFirst you need to understand the principles of obtaining thermal energy. They are based on an increase in temperature when going deeper into the earth. At first glance, the increase in the degree of heating is insignificant. But thanks to the advent of new technologies, heating a house using the heat of the earth has become a reality.
The main condition for organizing geothermal heating is a temperature of at least 6°C. This is typical for medium and deep layers of soil and reservoirs. The latter are highly dependent on the external temperature, so they are extremely rarely used. How can you practically organize heating a house using earth energy?
To do this, you need to make 3 circuits filled with liquids with different technical characteristics:
- Outer. More often, antifreeze circulates in it. Its heating to a temperature of at least 6°C occurs due to the energy of the earth;
- Heat pump. Without it, heating using earth's energy is impossible. The coolant from the external circuit transfers its energy to the refrigerant using a heat exchanger. Its evaporation temperature is less than 6°C. After this, it enters the compressor, where after compression the temperature rises to 70°C;
- Inner circuit. A similar scheme is used to transfer heat from the compressed refrigerant to water in the cooling system. In this way, heating occurs from the depths of the earth with minimal costs.
Despite the obvious advantages, such systems are rare. This is due to the high costs of purchasing equipment and organizing an external heat intake circuit.
It is best to entrust the calculation of heating from the heat of the earth to professionals. The efficiency of the entire system will depend on the correctness of the calculations.
Heat pump design The “heart” of geothermal heating is the heat pump. It consists of several components, the operation of which directly affects the efficiency of the entire system. Therefore, before planning to heat a private house from the ground, you need to find out the main characteristics of this unit.
Since this device belongs to the category of complex equipment, it is recommended to purchase only factory models. The heat pump design includes the following components:
- Evaporator. In this block, energy is transferred from the external circuit;
- Compressor. Required to create high pressure in a refrigerant environment;
- Capillary. It serves to reduce the internal pressure in the refrigerant circuit;
- Control system. With its help, the heating of a private house from the ground is regulated - temperature regime work, flow rate of coolants, etc.
The main problem when making a heat pump yourself is reducing heat losses and normalizing the operation of the internal circuit with refrigerant. Setting up factory models occurs at the manufacturing stage, and the design provides for the possibility of adjusting its parameters.
How to correctly calculate the parameters of the pump so that the heat of the earth for heating the house is provided normal temperature? To do this, you need to find out the thermal power of the pump. For an approximate calculation, you can use the following formula:
Where t1-t2 is the temperature difference between the inlet and return pipes, °C, V is the estimated volume of coolant flow, m³/h, Q is the rated power of the heat pump, W.
This technique is not applicable for complex systems, since they contain many additional factors. In particular, heat losses on the main line. This is especially true for those areas where it comes out as close to the ground surface as possible. To minimize heat losses, insulation of heating pipes in the ground should be done.
Since the operation of the heat pump depends on electricity, it is recommended to install an emergency power supply.
Geothermal heating options
Methods for arranging the external contourIn order for the earth's energy to be used for heating the house to the maximum, you need to choose the right external circuit diagram. In fact, the source of thermal energy can be any medium - underground, water or air. But it is important to take into account seasonal changes in weather conditions, as discussed above.
Currently, there are two common types of systems that are effectively used to heat a house using the heat of the earth - horizontal and vertical. The key selection factor is area land plot. The layout of the pipes for heating the house with earth's energy depends on this.
In addition, the following factors are taken into account:
- Soil composition. In rocky and loamy areas it is difficult to make vertical trunks for laying highways;
- Soil freezing level. It will determine the optimal depth for the pipes;
- Location groundwater. The higher they are, the better for geothermal heating. In this case, the temperature will increase with a change in depth, which is optimal condition for heating using earth energy.
You also need to know about the possibility of reverse energy transfer in the summer. Then heating a private house from the ground will not function, and excess heat will transfer from the house to the soil. All refrigeration systems operate on the same principle. But for this it is necessary to install additional equipment.
You cannot plan to install an external circuit away from the house. This will increase heat losses in heating from the bowels of the earth.
Horizontal geothermal heating diagram
Horizontal arrangement of outer pipes The most common method of installing external highways. It is convenient due to its ease of installation and the ability to relatively quickly replace faulty sections of the pipeline.
For installation according to this scheme, a collector system is used. To do this, several contours are made, located at a minimum distance of 0.3 m from each other. They are connected using a manifold, which supplies the coolant further to the heat pump. This will ensure maximum energy supply for heating from the heat of the earth.
But it is necessary to take into account a number of important nuances:
- Large plot area. For a house of about 150 m² it should be at least 300 m²;
- Pipes must be installed to a depth below the soil freezing level;
- With possible soil movement during spring floods, the likelihood of highways shifting increases.
The defining advantage of heating from the heat of the horizontal type of earth is the possibility of independent arrangement. In most cases, this does not require the use of special equipment.
For maximum heat transfer, you need to use pipes with a high thermal conductivity - thin-walled polymer. But at the same time, you should consider ways to insulate heating pipes in the ground.
Vertical geothermal heating scheme
Vertical geothermal system It's more labor-intensive method organizing heating of a private house from the ground. The pipelines are located vertically in special wells. It is important to know that such a scheme is much more effective than a vertical one.
Its main advantage is to increase the degree of water heating in the external circuit. Those. The deeper the pipes are located, the greater the amount of heat from the earth for heating the house will enter the system. Another factor is the small area of the land. In some cases, the installation of an external geothermal heating circuit is carried out even before the construction of a house in the immediate vicinity of the foundation.
What difficulties can you encounter when obtaining earth energy to heat a house using this scheme?
- Quantitative to qualitative. For a vertical arrangement, the length of the highways is much higher. It is compensated by higher soil temperatures. To do this, you need to make wells up to 50 m deep, which is labor-intensive work;
- Soil composition. For rocky soil it is necessary to use special drilling machines. To prevent the well from collapsing, a protective shell made of reinforced concrete or thick-walled plastic is installed in the loam;
- If problems occur or loss of tightness occurs, the repair process becomes more complicated. In this case, long-term disruptions in the operation of the heating of the house due to the thermal energy of the earth are possible.
But despite the high initial costs and labor-intensive installation, the vertical arrangement of the highways is optimal. Experts advise using exactly this installation scheme.
For coolant circulation in the external circuit in vertical system powerful circulation pumps are needed.
Organization of geothermal heating
Installation of a horizontal geothermal heating circuitConsumers still have the main question - is it possible to use earth energy as the main source of heating for a country house? This is possible, but only with a professional approach at all stages - from calculation to installation and testing of the system.
First of all, you need to choose the right heat pump. Considering their high cost, you should first perform all preliminary calculations of its characteristics. Only in this case will heating using the thermal energy of the earth have maximum efficiency. Among the reliable manufacturers are Buderus, Vaillant and Veissman. The average cost of a heat pump for heating from the depths of the earth is about 360 thousand rubles with a rated power of 6 kW. More productive models can cost over 1 million rubles.
In addition to the cost, you need to pay attention to the material used to make the pipes. To minimize heat losses in heating from the thermal energy of the earth, it is recommended to use the following:
- Cross-linked polyethylene. It is characterized by low cost - optimal for horizontal schemes;
- Stainless steel pipe. It is used in heating using the thermal energy of the earth with a vertical arrangement of the external circuit. It compares favorably with cross-linked polyethylene due to its high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. The disadvantage is the high cost.
Taking into account all these factors, in most cases geothermal heating from earth energy is installed as an additional option. Over time, the cost of components and the efficiency of heat pumps will increase - and only then will it be possible to consider such systems as the main ones.
An example of installing geothermal heating in a private house can be found by watching the video:
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Underground geothermal home heating
To provide a private home with heat, units that run on electricity, solid, gas or gas are traditionally used. liquid fuel. In recent decades, solar collectors and the heat of the earth's interior have been used as an alternative source of thermal energy. Heating a home using heat from the earth is called geothermal home heating.
Geothermal home heating using earth energy Ground heating is in growing demand as the cost of conventional energy sources is steadily increasing, while fossil fuel reserves are decreasing. Investing in ground heating country cottage quite profitable given the economic prospects and significant savings funds for autonomous heat supply during the heating season.
Methods for obtaining natural thermal energy
Geothermal heat pumps vary in the way they extract heat:
- Installations that use the heat of deep groundwater, hot geysers, etc.
- Systems that include a tank with antifreeze installed in the ground at a depth of 75 meters. Heating from the depths of the earth is provided by the natural heating of a container with antifreeze; As a result, the refrigerant, passing through the heat exchanger, gives off the resulting heat and returns to the container.
- The geothermal circuit is laid along the bottom of a reservoir, which is a natural heat accumulator. In this case, you need to take into account that the reservoir can completely freeze in winter.
Types of geothermal heat pumps Heating a house with earth's energy requires large-scale installation of the system, but it is an environmentally friendly way to obtain practically free thermal energy. To heat a house, there will be a small cost for the electricity required for the system to function.
Operating principles of geothermal heating
Heating using earth energy has been successfully used in various climatic zones: the systems can operate in both southern and northern regions.
During its operation, a geothermal installation uses the physical property of some liquids, such as the ability to evaporate, which leads to cooling of the surface. This phenomenon underlies the operation of refrigeration equipment.
The operating principle of geothermal heating is a cooling process running in reverse. This is how air conditioners work, capable of not only cooling, but also heating the air in the room.
Working principle of a heat pump However, air conditioning units have limited performance - they cannot function at temperatures below -5°C. A geothermal system can provide heating to a home regardless of the surface air temperature. This is due to the fact that in the environment from which it takes thermal energy, stable temperature conditions are naturally maintained.
Construction of a geothermal heating system
Geothermy (the science of the thermal state of the Earth) made it possible practical use thermal energy that the earth's crust receives from hot magma in the center of the planet.
A specially designed heat pump for heating a house is installed on the surface, and a heat exchanger is mounted in the ground or at the bottom of a reservoir. Thermal energy is “pumped out” to the surface and makes it possible to heat the coolant in the heating circuit of a house or non-residential facility.
How does the heating process occur? Geothermal heating of a private home is a cost-effective option. If you use the earth's energy to heat a house, then for every kilowatt of electricity required to operate the equipment, there is from 4 to 6 kW of useful thermal energy obtained from the bowels of the planet.
In comparison with the operation of an air conditioner, we will see that when operating it, more than 1 kW of electricity is required to produce 1 kW of thermal energy. This is due to the inevitable losses in converting one energy into another, etc.
Heating a residential building using the thermal energy of the earth’s interior is very profitable, but the payback period for the equipment and installation costs will take some time.
Using the heat of the earth to heat a house does not require installing a traditional boiler to heat the coolant.
In this case, the system consists of three components:
- heating circuit - geothermal source of thermal energy;
- heating circuit inside the house - low-temperature radiator or floor;
- pumping station - a heat pump for pumping thermal energy into the heating circuit from the heating circuit in the soil or under water.
Geothermal heating systems can also be used to heat greenhouses, outbuildings, swimming pool water, garden paths, etc.
Equipment for arranging geothermal heating
Geothermal equipment for a deep heating system allows you to accumulate thermal energy extracted from the environment and transfer it to the coolant in the heating circuit.
The list of equipment for heating using earth heat includes:
- Evaporator. The device is located at depth, and it serves to absorb thermal energy located in geothermal waters or soil.
- Capacitor. Allows you to bring the antifreeze temperature to the value necessary for the functioning of the system.
- Heat pump. Provides circulation of antifreeze in the heating circuit, controls the operation of the geothermal installation.
- Buffer tank - a container for collecting heated antifreeze. Allows you to transfer the thermal energy of the earth's interior to the coolant. The tank through which the coolant passes is equipped with a heat exchanger in the form of a coil. Heated antifreeze moves along it, giving off heat.
Heat pump design diagram System installation
Geothermal heating of a country house at the stage of arrangement requires substantial financial investments. The high final cost of the system is largely due to the large volume of earthworks associated with the installation of the heating circuit.
Over time, the financial costs pay off, since the technology used in heating season thermal energy is extracted from the depths of the earth with minimal energy consumption.
Installation of a horizontal heat exchanger for a geothermal heating system To ensure heating of the house with the heat of the earth, it is necessary to install the following system:
- the main part should be located underground or at the bottom of a reservoir;
- In the house itself, only fairly compact equipment is installed and a radiator or underfloor heating circuit is laid. Equipment located inside the house allows you to regulate the heating level of the coolant.
What does geothermal equipment look like in a home? When designing heating using ground heat, it is necessary to decide on the installation option of the working circuit and the type of collector.
There are two types of collectors:
- Vertical - sinks into the ground several tens of meters. To do this, you need to drill a number of wells at a short distance from the house. The circuit is immersed into the wells (the most reliable option- pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene).
- Horizontal. The use of such a collector is allowed in regions with warm and temperate climates, since the depth of soil freezing should not exceed 1.5 meters.
Disadvantages: Large financial costs for drilling several wells in the ground with a depth of 50 meters.
Advantages: Underground location pipes at a depth where the soil temperature is stable, ensures high efficiency of the system. In addition, the vertical collector takes up no large area land plot.
Disadvantages: The need to use a large area of the site (the main disadvantage). After laying the circuit, this piece of land cannot be used for a garden or vegetable garden, since the system works by releasing cold when transporting the refrigerant, which will cause the plant roots to freeze.
Advantages: Cheaper earthworks, which you can even do yourself.
Horizontal and vertical collector type Geothermal energy can be extracted by laying a horizontal geothermal circuit at the bottom of a frost-free reservoir. However, this is difficult to implement in practice: the reservoir may be located outside of private territory and then the installation of the heat exchanger will need to be approved. The distance from the heated object to the reservoir should be no more than 100 meters.
Important! The temperature of the environment surrounding the collector should not fall below +5°C. In contact with freezing ground top part The collector must be protected with thermal insulation to avoid loss of thermal energy.
Advantages and disadvantages
Heating with earth energy has a number of advantages:
- Efficiency. Compared to the cost of electricity to operate a heat pump, the system allows you to obtain several times more thermal energy.
- Environmental friendliness. This type of heating is completely environmentally friendly, there are no emissions into the atmosphere.
- Safety. There is no need to use any fuel, chemicals, etc., there is no danger of explosion or fire of the equipment.
- Minimal need for technical support. A properly installed system can operate without any intervention for at least 30 years.
- Economical. During operation, there are no repair costs, which allows you to pay for the installation of heating within 5-8 years.
- There is no need to monitor the operation of the system.
- Low noise level during equipment operation.
- Inexhaustible source of thermal energy; no need to purchase and store energy.
Environmentally friendly use of thermal energy from the subsoil The disadvantages include:
- initially high equipment costs;
- the need to carry out complex drilling operations at the installation site vertical contour or spoil the landscape by preparing trenches for a horizontal heat exchanger.
In temperate climates, geothermal installations have proven their effectiveness. In the northern regions, this type of heating is suitable for small houses (up to 200 m2).
Having figured out how the system works and what parts it is made of, you can determine the possibility of installing it on own plot. Mostly, heating from the ground is installed at the stage of building a house - in this case it is easier to carry out excavation work, since the layout of the site and the creation landscape design still to come.
Video on the topic:
profiteplo.com
How to make heating from the ground in a private house
Most of us understand that using coal, gas and wood as fuel does not leave its mark on the environment. However, the introduction of alternative energy sources is hampered by their high cost and efficiency, which are still inferior to traditional ones. But recently, manufacturers have increasingly begun to pay attention to such products, so we hope that soon they will be easier to install and not so expensive.
Today we’ll look at geothermal heating, which you can install for a private home with your own hands. You will learn about the principle of its operation, types, features and self-installation.
How is a country house heated by the earth's heat?
It is worth saying that in European countries and the USA, ground heating is gradually becoming the main source of heating at home, but in our country such systems are still only an alternative to more traditional ones.
Appearance and distribution
Earth energy for heating began to spread in the United States towards the end of the 80s of the last century in cities that were heavily experiencing the crisis. Wealthy people immediately became interested in the system, for whom it gave the opportunity to save on heating their homes. Then it began to become cheaper, and the poorer class of the population began to use it.
After some time, the warmth of the earth for heating became the prerogative of most owners of private houses. In Europe, every year the number of households using ground heat to heat their homes is only increasing.
This trend in the spread of geothermal heating is quite understandable. Using earth's heat for heating allows for significant savings family budget, it is safe and economical.
Functioning of geothermal heating
Its operating principle can be compared to a conventional refrigerator, only in reverse. The earth retains heat constantly, so it can heat objects located on its surface.
The idea behind this method is that the planet is heated from the inside by hot magma, and the soil on top prevents it from freezing. The resulting thermal energy is used by a geothermal heating system based on a special heat pump.
You can get heating from the heat of the earth thanks to a heat pump
The following process occurs:
- The heat pump is installed on the surface.
- A hole is drilled in the ground into which the heat exchanger is lowered.
- The groundwater passing through the pump is heated and then used for domestic and industrial purposes.
Using a heat pump, it is possible to convert 1 kW of electricity into 4-6 kW of heat energy
The main advantage of the system is the ratio of electrical energy and received power - 1 to 4-6 kW. For example, when using a conventional air conditioner, the result is 1 to 1. Therefore, the installation will be able to pay for itself in a short time.
Peculiarities
Self-heating a house from the ground has certain difficulties, which we will discuss below:
- They begin with the manufacture of a mine shaft. Its calculation is carried out separately for each specific case, taking into account:
- climate in the area;
- soil type;
- characteristics of the structure earth's crust in this region;
- heating area.
In the photo, the basis for geothermal heating of a house is a deep well and a heat pump
Typically the depth varies between 25-100 m.
- At the next stage, pipes are lowered into the shaft, which should absorb heat from the depths and supply it to the pump, which increases the temperature of the coolant in the heating system.
Advice: it is better to carry out the work with an assistant, since the pipes are often quite heavy.
In summer, heating using earth energy can be used as an air conditioner. Why is the reverse mechanism activated? During operation, the heat exchanger will begin to take cooling energy.
Kinds
For environmentally friendly and efficient operation of the system, there are three main options:
| Groundwater | In this case, the thermal energy of groundwater located at great depths is used to heat the building. It has a fairly high temperature, so the heating heat pump raises it and heats it up. After this, the water releases the bulk of the available energy through the heat exchanger. |
| Antifreeze | The method requires additional costs. A tank with antifreeze is lowered to a depth of 75 m and below, the price of which is quite high. When it heats up, it is lifted to the heat exchanger by a heat pump. After the heat is released, the antifreeze enters the container again. |
| Water | This method does not require equipment for a soil mine. This kind of heating of a house from the ground is suitable if there is access to a body of water. Horizontal probes are placed from the heat exchanger along the bottom of the reservoir, which help convert the heat of the water. |
Types of geothermal heating
Now let’s find out what advantages such systems have, and whether they can satisfy our needs:
- The thermal energy released is several times greater than the electricity consumption for operating the pump.
- There are no harmful emissions, so heating a country house from the ground is environmentally friendly clean way.
- The system requires only electricity to operate. No use required chemicals and fuel.
- There is no danger of explosion or fire during operation.
- Correct installation of the heating system guarantees operation without technical support for approximately 30 years.
How to use the earth's heat to heat your home yourself
Self-installation of geothermal heating
It must be said right away that heating a house with earth’s energy will require a large investment of funds at once. The lion's share of which will go to the construction of the mine shaft.
Tip: The most expensive part in a heat pump is the compressor. If you don't want problems, don't buy it from a Chinese factory. It is better to use Danfoss or Copeland (preferably not from China).
We also recommend using a heated floor system instead of heating radiators. This way you can reduce the payback on equipment significantly. The annual increase in tariffs for traditional energy resources should also be taken into account, at the same time, a geothermal heating system for the house will allow you to avoid price jumps.
There will be nothing inside the house to remind you that you are using earth heating. The main part of the scheme - the well and the heat exchanger - will be hidden underground. It is only necessary to allocate a small space for a device, for example, in the basement, that generates heat energy.
Heat pump design
The device allows you to adjust the temperature and supply heat energy. The instructions for installing a heating system in a house are no different from traditional way, so there are no special features in it.
Conclusion
The use of heat pumps allows you to get rid of traditional fuels that become more expensive every year, although the initial costs will be quite large. It is quite possible to install geothermal heating yourself, only when installing pipes in a mine shaft it is advisable to have an assistant.
The payback of the project depends on the insulation of the housing, as well as the heating method - radiator or heated floors. The video in the article will provide an opportunity to find additional information on the above topic.
Page 2
One of the main trends in the modern world is that the price of traditional types of energy used for heating a home is constantly increasing. Therefore everything large quantity people are thinking about completely or partially converting their homes to alternative types of heating that do not use fuel in the traditional sense of the word.
Particular attention is paid to inexhaustible natural resources, which include, for example, sunlight.
Alternative energy sources are the future of heating systems
Ways to obtain free thermal energy
As strange as it may sound, there is not just one, but several different ways to heat your own home without using gas or solid fuel.
These include:
- Earth energy. The soil below the freezing level, even in winter, has a constant temperature, which can be used correctly to heat the premises of the house.
- Energy of water. The principle of use is the same as for the earth. If there is an open body of water near the house that does not freeze to the bottom in winter, this energy can also be converted into heat used for heating.
- Air energy. The air outside serves as a source of heat. By cooling it using special equipment, the resulting energy can be used to increase the temperature in the house.
Thermal energy from the earth can be used to heat a home
All of the technologies listed above have been known to engineers for quite a long time, but they have a significant drawback: to extract thermal energy, special devices that operate on electricity must be used. Therefore, you won’t be able to get completely free heat here.
The only option is the sun. Although the equipment needed to transform solar energy into thermal energy is quite expensive, the installation instructions are simple. You can design heating collectors with your own hands, providing yourself with free heat in the future.
Note! Such an installation will work effectively only in the southern regions, where the sun warms the earth well.
For other regions of our country, we can recommend using this design as a supplement to traditional methods heating.
Solar energy is the most promising source of heat for heating a home
Using a solar system for heating
General requirements
Before deciding to install a solar heating system, consider the following:
- It is advisable to install a solar heating system only as part of the main one. On certain days and months, it increases the capacity of the traditional climate network, reducing fuel costs. Modern equipment does not yet allow the use of solar collectors as the main source of heat.
- The solar heating system does not reduce the efficiency of the main heating system, as it operates separately.
- There is equipment capable of accumulating solar energy, storing it in special devices. However, these technologies are in the development stage and are not widely used. Therefore, the house must be equipped with a traditional boiler.
- In summer, the heating system can be used as a source of hot water for domestic needs. The heating circuit is switched off.
The solar system is not able to cover all the thermal energy needs of the house
Solar collector area
To determine the area of fields that collect solar energy and convert it into heat, it is necessary to take as a basis the heat demand of all summer consumers.
These include:
- hot water supply system;
- system to prevent moisture condensation in basements;
- others network engineering, not related to heating.
Then the obtained value must be increased by 2-2.5 times, thereby obtaining the required power of the solar system. Accurate calculations It is advisable to entrust this to specialists, since this parameter is influenced by many other factors.
Advice! For an approximate (very rough) determination of the area of solar collectors, you can take the following ratio: to heat 1 km. meter of a house you need a heliofield with an area of 0.1 to 0.2 square meters. meters.
Solar panel tilt angle
When installing a solar system, it is very important to observe the recommended angle of inclination of the collectors relative to the horizon. If you have the opportunity to choose this value, which is not always the case, then the solar panels must be placed at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizon, facing south.
Note! This parameter is slightly different from that used in hot water systems.
Thus, greater efficiency of the panels is achieved in winter, and excess thermal energy generated in summer is reduced.
In the case where panels that capture solar heat are supposed to be mounted on a roof whose angle does not exceed 30 degrees, it is advisable to give preference to tubular structures (with vacuum tubes) rather than flat ones. Their brackets provide the ability to individually orient and change the angle of inclination above the horizon, which significantly increases efficiency.
The photo shows solar collectors consisting of vacuum tubes
Water storage capacity
To cover the need for hot water for the inhabitants of the house, it is necessary to include in the solar climate system storage capacity. It allows you to provide residents with water on cloudy days.
The tank capacity is calculated as follows:
- 50 liters each square meter flat solar collectors;
- 90 liters per square meter of tubular storage tanks.
Scheme of operation of a solar heating system
Types of solar heating systems
When designing a solar climate system, you can choose between two main options:
- Accumulate solar energy in special devices for later use. In this case, part of the system is storage tank, in which water is heated. To ensure the system operates on cloudy days, an additional boiler using traditional energy sources is required. It will heat the water in the tank when there is not enough efficient work solar climate system.
From the tank, the heated coolant flows through pipelines into heating radiators, which operate in the same way as in a classic heating system.
- Directly use the resulting heat into the home heating system. Here the sun heats the water coming from the batteries (return). Thus, the boiler receives coolant with more high temperature, which significantly reduces heating costs - the heater will operate with much less load.
Combined heating system with boiler and solar panels
Some operating features
Let us note the most important points regarding the use of solar systems:
- it can cover no more than a third of the home’s heating needs;
- it is made part of a traditional liquid coolant system, where radiators are used as heating equipment;
- It is advisable to use a condensing gas boiler, which has the highest efficiency, as the main source of energy;
- The angle of inclination of the collectors must be made equal to 60 degrees, otherwise the efficiency of the solar system is significantly reduced in winter.
The sun's heat can be used in different ways
Conclusion
Although currently existing solar systems cannot replace traditional heating, they significantly reduce the load on the boiler, saving fuel used. And the sun is not the only helper in this. You can learn more about combined heating schemes from the video in this material.
hydroguru.com
Every owner of a country house faces such an important issue as ensuring the supply of heat to all living spaces. Today, various manufacturers offer their own options for individual heating of private cottages outside the city. A new development in this area is geothermal heating. Of course, most home owners are confident that such a convenient and economical heat supply system can only be installed in areas where there are geysers, volcanic formations and hot water springs. Modern installations of this type are able to operate successfully in temperate latitudes, with warm springs at low temperatures.
Features of geothermal heating
Geothermal heating refers to an alternative method of supplying heat to a home. This option for a thermal installation can be called almost ideal for arranging a private home or country house. To work in the system it is used geothermal energy, which is extracted from various natural heat sources. The basic principle of operation in such an installation is similar to the operation of a walking system. The main difference is the following: if in a refrigerator the refrigerator produces cooling for air from the resulting system, then here it produces thermal energy. Coordinated work is possible even with low temperature characteristics.
The main feature of geothermal heating in a house is that during the warm summer season the air in the house is cooled, but in winter it heats up. At the same time, the costs of such heating are very low compared to other thermal installations. In some ways, the operation of such a system is similar to air conditioning. She helps create in the house necessary warmth and comfort, providing the owners with comfortable living conditions in the house.
Geothermal heating principle
The geothermal installation operates autonomously, clearly regulating the required temperature in the room. The principle underlying its operation is the same for all installations, therefore it is independent of various manufacturers components. The main work is assigned to special pumps, which may have some differences among themselves in design decisions, varieties, but at the same time coefficient data In terms of heat performance, they are all similar. Regarding the energy used, the geothermal system works successfully with various types earth energy.
The system consists of two circuits, namely:
- internal;
- external
The first of those mentioned is represented by a heating installation familiar to many from a connection of pipes and radiator elements. The outer contour is dimensional heat exchanger, which is mounted under the thickness of the earth or in a body of water. A special liquid with the addition of antifreeze circulates inside it, and sometimes it is also filled with ordinary water. The coolant is gaining ambient temperature, and the already heated one goes further into the geothermal pump. The heat thus accumulated is transferred further to the internal circuit. This allows water to be heated in radiator elements and pipes throughout the house.
Methods for implementing a geothermal installation
This type of heating differs in the way the heat exchanger is installed. Today there are three varieties in use:
- Vertical heat exchanger: it is compact and has a higher installation cost compared to other types. To install a vertical heat exchanger, you do not need to use a large area, but you will need to use specialized drilling rigs. Depending on the chosen technology, the depth of the finished well can reach up to 200 meters, the minimum value is 50 meters. The service life of the system is up to one hundred years. It is beneficial to install this type of geothermal heating if it is installed on an already developed area. The landscape of the area will remain virtually untouched.
- Horizontal heat exchanger: this type is used quite often. When installing a horizontal heat exchanger, the pipes are laid to a sufficiently large depth, which necessarily exceeds soil freezing level. The main disadvantage of using this type of wiring is that it requires a large area to be used for installing the collector. It is difficult to install such a system on an already developed site.
- Water-based heat exchanger: this installation is the most cost-effective among all the variety of geothermal heating, as it works due to energy of water bodies. This system is relevant for those homeowners who have a body of water hundreds of meters away. Such a heat exchanger the most profitable which makes its installation the most appropriate among all types of similar heating.
Pros and cons of geothermal heating
Geothermal heating became relevant in America during the crisis in the 80s. Initially, installation of installations cost a lot of money and such heating was used exclusively by wealthy people, but later geothermal heating became more accessible for mass use by the population.
Advantages of using geothermal heating in a private home:
- Geothermal energy can be obtained and subsequently used almost anywhere;
- the supply of this type of heat is unlimited;
- the use of such energy is considered the most sustainable;
- geothermal energy does not contain various types of harmful emissions from the combustion of carbon dioxide;
- heating based on a geothermal installation does not require constant maintenance of the house;
- heating is considered free for the home owner;
- installation pumps take a lot less space than similar ones thermal installations, a geothermal pump needs about the same amount of space for installation as, for example, a refrigerator;
- geothermal energy helps both heat the room and, if necessary, cool it; the operating principle is similar to the operating algorithm of air conditioners;
- If desired, such heating can be installed in conjunction with other heat supply systems, for example, with a gas system, diesel or powered by solar energy.
Despite a number of positive aspects of using this type of heating, geothermal installations also have their own flaws, the main ones are:
- high costs for installation of the entire system;
- long payback period.
Such shortcomings of the heating system pale in comparison with the current trends in global cost increases. various types fuel. Of course, the payback period is long, but in a hundred years a geothermal installation will show all its advantages and prove its efficiency on practice. This type of heating has already been appreciated in a number of European countries and America. For example, in Sweden, about 70% of private homeowners chose just such a system for heating.
Video
Sergey Elgazin found out everything about geothermal heating in one of the Finnish houses:
