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We make an armored belt in a house made of aerated concrete. Making an armored belt with your own hands Monolithic belt for aerated concrete under floors

A reinforced concrete belt is constructed around the perimeter of the building. The basis is a frame assembled from reinforcement. It's being flooded liquid solution concrete. And so that the concrete mixture does not spread, the formwork is assembled under the armored belt. Let's figure out how to assemble this structure correctly.

Why do you need to build an armored belt?

In what cases is the installation of an armored belt necessary? The purpose of this structure is to strengthen buildings built from gas or foam concrete, brick and other materials that do not provide sufficiently high structural rigidity. The structure is necessary in the following cases:

• if the house is built on a shallow foundation;
• when constructing buildings on sites that have a significant slope;
• if there is a river or ravine at a short distance from the facility under construction;
• with certain soil characteristics at the construction site;
• during construction in seismically active areas.

The technology for building houses from block materials involves the construction of several armored belts, namely:

• the lowest reinforcing belt is poured into a trench dug under the foundation. Armopoyas are arranged around the perimeter and location load-bearing walls;
• the next reinforcing structure is located in the basement of the building, its main function is to distribute the load;

• another reinforcing belt is installed at the floor level between the first and second floors. Its functions are to tighten walls and redistribute the load over window and doorways;
• the upper belt is mounted at the level ceiling top floor to redistribute the loads exerted by the roof.

To build an armored belt with your own hands, you must first assemble the formwork. Let's look at how this structure is mounted.

Types of formwork for armored belts

The formwork for the armored belt can be mounted different ways. The main design options are removable and non-removable. In addition, can be used various materials for assembling molds for filling.

Fixed

The simplest installation option is to install permanent formwork. The disadvantage of this method is the increase in costs, since the molds used are used once and remain in the belt structure forever. For installation, ready-made blocks of expanded polystyrene are used; the owners just have to install them correctly.

Advice! The use of polystyrene foam blocks is additional insulation at home, since bare reinforced concrete structures are cold bridges.

The blocks are available in a wide range of sizes, so it is easy to purchase material for the construction of formwork for armored belts of any size. Assembling a structure from blocks is as simple as possible, since they have fastenings and are connected to each other according to the “groove-tenon” principle.

Removable

If you do not plan to purchase ready-made blocks for installing formwork, then you can assemble removable systems using boards. This is a removable option; the assembled formwork is disassembled after the solution has hardened and moved to another place.

The use of adjustable structures allows you to save on materials. This option is more labor-intensive, since you will have to install the forms yourself. Carrying out this work requires care and precision.

Installation of formwork

Let's figure out how to make formwork for an armored belt. We will consider the option of constructing removable formwork from boards. Installation of formwork for armored belts is carried out as follows:

• 20 mm wide boards are used for assembly;
• The height of the belt should be 30 cm;
• the width must be equal to the width of the main structure, that is, the width of the foundation or the width of the wall;
• The first formwork board is screwed around the perimeter of the part to be strengthened. Subsequent boards are installed on top, close to each other, the gap between the boards should be minimal. The boards are knocked together into panels using bars. It is better to fasten the structure with self-tapping screws, but you can also use nails;

• to give the shape the necessary rigidity, bars according outside stuffed every 0.7 meters. The bars are placed strictly vertically;
• To further strengthen the structure, wire ties are installed between the parallel panels. The ties should be placed in increments of 0.8-1.0 meters;

• The last stage is checking the quality of installation. It is necessary to make sure that the walls of the formwork are positioned strictly vertically, and that the structure itself is strong enough to withstand the pressure exerted by the concrete mixture;
• in addition, you need to make sure that there are no cracks, otherwise the solution will flow out through them. Wide cracks are filled with overhead slats, narrow cracks with tow.

Dismantling of formwork

Dismantling of wooden forms should begin after the concrete has hardened. There is no need to wait for the concrete to gain full strength. You can dismantle the forms as soon as the solution hardens on top.

Disassembly is not particularly difficult. First, remove the wire ties, then disassemble the structure into parts. After cleaning and drying, the boards can be used to assemble formwork in another area.

So, in some cases, installation of an armored belt is mandatory. This is a reinforcing structure that increases the reliability of the building. To construct it, you must first assemble the formwork. It can be quickly assembled from ready-made polystyrene foam blocks or knocked together yourself from boards and wooden blocks.

Without exception, any structure made of any block materials will be constantly exposed to natural phenomena– swelling of the soil, settlement of the building, other ground movement. In addition, increased winds and rain can also affect the integrity of the entire building. It is to eliminate various movements of the building that a concrete reinforced belt is placed on top of the walls. We’ll talk about how to make an armored belt with your own hands in this article.

Armored belt device

A reinforcing belt, or as it is sometimes called a seismic belt, makes it possible improve strength throughout the house, and also allows prevent cracking of walls as a result of soil movement with the foundation and under the influence of atmospheric phenomena. In addition, if you make an armored belt correctly, it Allows for even distribution of loads from the roof or concrete floors located above it.

Please pay attention! Even if the floors in the house are made of wood, the need to make an armored belt does not disappear. The type of overlap does not determine whether to make an armored belt or not. In any case, the belt should close all the walls.

Everything is clear about the purpose of the armored belt. Now a few words about its design. An ordinary reinforced belt has two standard elements - a rigid volumetric frame made of reinforcement, as well as the concrete in which it is located. In general, everything is quite simple, but making an armored belt with your own hands without studying your own characteristics will probably be difficult.

How to make an armored belt - sequence

In order to determine the complexity of the work, as well as for a more detailed analysis of how a reinforced belt is made, we will break down the manufacturing technology into several stages. We can say that we will provide specific instructions for making an armored belt.

Metal frame made of reinforcement

It is necessary to begin assembling the frame by installing pieces of reinforcement at the top of the wall. To do this, you either need to simply drive in pieces, if the density of the material allows it, or drill holes and insert pieces into them. The reinforcement is installed at the intersection points of the walls and along the entire perimeter of the structure every 1-1.5 meters. The segments are installed in squares of four pieces; they will determine the dimensions of the entire frame. After this, you need to secure the lower longitudinal row of reinforcement at a height of 3-4 cm from the top edge of the wall. To do this, longitudinal rods are tied to vertically mounted pins using knitting wire. In this way, two parallel rods are secured.

After the longitudinal reinforcement is installed, it must be connected with short jumpers every 2.5-3 cm. For jumpers, you need to use pieces of reinforcement.

Vertical sections are also installed in a similar way. The upper longitudinal row of reinforcement will later be attached to them. The top row will be attached in the same way and with the same pitch as the horizontal one. The length of the segments will depend on the total thickness of the armored belt. The recommended thickness of the armored belt is 200 – 250 mm. From these dimensions it is necessary to determine the length of the vertical segments. Longitudinal reinforcement bars are again attached to the vertical sections, which are then secured with transverse sections. In general, everything is exactly the same as with the lower level of the longitudinal rods.

Formwork

At this stage, you can proceed in two ways: either install permanent formwork, or make a collapsible one from boards. The most the best option There will be a collapsible design. It is assembled from almost any boards or sheet materials. During the construction of the formwork, it is necessary to monitor its upper edge - the difference should not be more than 1 cm.

The ideal option would be a combined system, in which on one side it will be non-removable, and on the other, it will be removed once the poured solution has hardened. If the facade will be finished with some kind of material or insulated, then permanent polystyrene formwork can be installed on the front side, which will later become one of the elements of the insulating layer. By inside can be set regular board or OSB, which can be fixed with improvised hardware and fasteners. The same cannot be said about working with foam concrete, which has its own.

The most difficult moment here will be connecting the two parts of the armored belt formwork. Here you need to approach it with all responsibility and think about how to connect two opposite parts in such a way that the poured concrete does not crush them on the sides. To do this, you need to secure wooden spacers along the upper edge of the formwork in increments of 30–40 cm, and you can also tighten it with wire. To fasten with wire, you need to drill holes in the boards and thread the wire through, which will tighten the two parts of the structure. After the solution hardens, simply bite off this wire with side cutters and it will remain inside the armored belt. After screeding, you can proceed to the next stage of construction of the reinforcing belt.

Pouring concrete

Everything here is not difficult enough, except for lifting the concrete inside the formwork from above the wall. But this issue can be easily sorted out when ordering. Companies providing concrete delivery services have the opportunity to order a concrete pump, which pumps the solution to any point of the reinforced belt being poured.

Let’s also say a few words about the quality of the concrete mixture and the method of preparing it if you prepare it yourself. When ordering, the brand must be at least B15. But if you cook on your own, the composition will be as follows: one bucket of cement and two buckets of crushed stone and sand. It is best to prepare the concrete mixture thicker, because... it will not crush the formwork too much. However, such a solution has its own nuance - the mixture in the formwork must be carefully compacted and compacted. Ideally, this is done using deep vibrator, but it is not often found in domestic construction. For compaction, you can use either a piece of reinforcement or a piece of wooden block, with which the entire solution in the formwork is carefully compacted.

Completion

The final stage of making an armored belt with your own hands is to control the hardening of the concrete. Immediately after pouring the concrete mixture, it is best to cover it with cellophane film. This is necessary to reduce moisture loss and the appearance of cracks in the armored belt. After a few days, when the initial strength has been gained, the formwork can be removed (removable). By the way, we advise you to read the article ““.

That's basically all. Let us clarify only one detail, which concerns the waterproofing of the armored belt. Usually a mauerlat is laid on the armored belt for further installation of the roof. To do this, roofing felt or other modern bituminous material must be laid on the concrete surface to provide waterproofing. In this way, you can protect the base of your roof from incoming moisture from the walls.

Reinforced belt (armopoyas) is a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building. The installation of an armored belt with reinforcement and formwork increases the strength of load-bearing walls. This allows for increased strength and service life designs. As practice shows, it is practically not subject to destruction even during soil subsidence or shifting. Armopoyas are also called seismic belts, reinforced concrete or unloading belts.

Why do you need an armored belt and support frame?

The building materials that are used for construction today have many advantages. However, most of them are characterized by insufficient rigidity and negatively perceive point forces.

Reinforced belt (reinforced belt) - a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building

In order to strengthen buildings made of brick or block materials, you need to know how to make formwork for an armored belt. Most often they resort to this during:

• construction of a shallow foundation;
• building a house on a site with a slope;
• close location of the building to the reservoir;
• construction work on subsidence soil;
• construction of structures in seismically active zones.

The production of armored belts is carried out using several technologies: with disposable or removable formwork. Using ready-made blocks of permanent formwork, you can quickly assemble a form for pouring concrete. Typically, in this case, polystyrene foam blocks are used - this way the formation of cold bridges is excluded.

Disposable and removable formwork can be done by hand. In the latter case, boards are used instead of ready-made blocks - this significantly reduces the cost of construction.

When is an armored belt device necessary?

Soil shrinkage, wind loads and temperature fluctuations have a significant impact on the condition of the building. In order to make the building invulnerable to negative factors environment, additional reinforcement will be required. Maximum efficiency demonstrates a seismic belt during construction from gas silicate blocks (they are especially vulnerable to bending type deformations.)

Belt reinforcement with four-bar mesh

The armored belt takes the main load and helps to increase the service life of the structure. You need to use it:

• to evenly distribute the load on the building frame;
• when attaching timber to the tops of walls (an armored belt under the roof prevents the occurrence of excessive vertical loads);
• in order to correct mistakes made during masonry;
• fixing a closed line, which is the basis for fastening the roof;
• ensuring high rigidity of the building.

Formwork for armored belts also simplifies the process of pouring foundations, walls, ceilings and others reinforced concrete structures. This system consists of a deck in contact with concrete, scaffolding and fastening elements. Formwork is made from various materials:

• rolled, sheet steel;
• aluminum;
• boards, chipboard or plywood;
• plastic and its varieties.

DIY foundation formwork

What is the structure of a reinforced belt?

A long-lasting and reliable foundation requires a lot of building materials. To avoid wasteful expenses, experts recommend using a special calculator for calculating armored belts. You can find it on thematic websites - you just need to enter the basic parameters of the future foundation. The exact calculation of the armored belt is carried out based on the following data:

• tape length;
• tape width;
• desired foundation height;
• number of reinforcement threads;
• reinforcement diameter.

IN modern construction Several reinforced belts are used. Each armored belt design presented below differs in its installation method and purpose. It is recommended to take into account the features of each of them for durable and competent construction:

• the first belt (grillage) is poured simultaneously with the strip foundation (concrete is poured into the trench to a depth of 300-400 mm) This is the key to the strength of external and permanent internal walls;
• the second belt is laid on top of foundation blocks 200-400 mm high. Since it distributes the load on the foundation from the entire house, it is important to use reinforcement during the construction of each floor of multi-story buildings;

The third belt is designed to tighten the walls and prevent cracks from appearing in the future

• the third belt is designed to tighten the walls and prevent cracks from appearing in the future. The installation of armored belt formwork helps to distribute the load evenly over window and door openings - it is laid on top of silicate blocks, under interfloor slabs;
• the armored belt under the roof takes on the entire load from the roof, negative impact strong wind and precipitation. It is performed under the roof beams to strengthen the beams using anchor bolts.

How to make formwork for armored belts

If you have chosen a more economical formwork method, it is important to install wooden panels in such a way that their position is not disturbed due to concrete pressure.

You need to pass the anchors through the wood and install plugs on them using electric welding. Filling the interfloor reinforced belt is much faster:

• a 6 x 100 mm screw is attached to the bottom of the wooden panel;
• the distance between the screws should be about 700 mm;
• the shield is applied to the wall, a hole is drilled into which a screw is inserted;
• recommended hole diameter is 6 mm.

The upper part of the formwork is also installed quite simply, according to a similar scheme, but instead of a screw, a self-tapping screw is used. A hole is drilled in the brick or face masonry seam into which the reinforcement is driven. Next, the self-tapping screw and reinforcement are tied together with binding wire. The distance between the fastening elements should be maintained within 1-1.5 m. After the reinforced belt has hardened, the formwork can be removed. In the warm season, concrete sets in a day; in winter and autumn it will take more than two days.

Formwork for armored belts under floor slabs

It is important to control the level of the upper edge of the formwork - differences should not exceed 1 cm. From this point of view, it is more rational to use permanent or combined formwork.

If you plan to further insulate the facade with foam plastic - permanent formwork made of polystyrene blocks will become an element of the insulating layer. The only difference between the manufacturing technology of such formwork and removable formwork is the connection of several parts for the armored belt of the floor. They should be fastened in such a way that during the concrete hardening process the solution does not move them apart.

How to properly fill an armored belt

The high-quality design of the armored belt lies in proper styling reinforcement frame and pouring concrete forms. The most reliable is considered to be a frame made of metal rods (8-10 mm cross-section), fastened together with wire and laid horizontally in a mold. It is important to fasten the frame with a ring of binding wire every 50 cm.

To device reinforced belt to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to pour the solution so that the entire reinforcement frame is completely immersed in concrete. After filling, make sure that metal rods do not come into contact with the formwork: in order to adjust the height, you can place fragments of brick or other material under the frame construction material. At the final stage, all that remains is to pour the concrete into the molds and compact it. After it has completely “set”, the forms are disassembled.

Pouring the armored belt with concrete

To strengthen the foundation and load-bearing structures of the future building, it is not necessary to have special skills. Using the following recommendations, you will learn how to properly fill the armored belt so that the building is stable and durable, despite any external negative factors.

• under the floor beams will last much longer if you first level the walls and clean them of residues concrete mortar;
• choosing material for fastening wooden shields, it is important to use self-tapping screws. They, unlike nails, can be quickly removed using a cordless screwdriver;
• fiberglass reinforcement is resistant to low temperatures, but at extreme high temperatures the material begins to melt - this must be taken into account when choosing building materials;
• When reinforcing brickwork, ensure complete sealing of the joints. Fill the resulting gaps with a thick solution containing polyurethane foam or special film;
• It is especially important to perform formwork in one step (read more about how to properly reinforce strip foundation you can find out with your own hands on this site);
• the main condition for reinforcement is a closed structure. Strengthening should not be interrupted under any circumstances;

• There are several conflicting opinions about whether foundation reinforcement can be welded. Experts say that the strength and rigidity at the weld joint are somewhat reduced.
• it is preferable to use high-quality concrete of at least M200 grade;
• correct reinforcement of corners implies fastening reinforcement only using bent elements;
• during hot periods, you need to generously moisten the treated surfaces with water - this way you will prevent cracks from appearing in the frozen solution.

In industrial and residential construction, various types of materials are used, including porous concrete. Popular variety cellular concrete– aerated concrete, which has a range of advantages. However, without special reinforcement, it is susceptible to cracking, which is associated with reduced strength. To solve the problem, an armored belt is constructed on aerated concrete. This design allows you to increase the resistance of the load-bearing elements of the building to loads, as well as increase the strength of the structure. Let's look at the features of the strengthening belt and understand the technology.

What properties does aerated concrete have?

When giving preference to gas-filled concrete, you should carefully analyze its properties and study specifications. The characteristics of the material are related to the manufacturing technology. During the production of aerated concrete, air pores are uniformly formed deep in the mass. This feature of the distribution of air cavities has a positive effect on the thermal insulation properties of the material. Aerated concrete walls do not require special thermal insulation and can reduce the cost of maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room.

The advantages of using gas-filled concrete in the construction of buildings were appreciated by professional builders.

A building constructed from aerated concrete blocks is more likely to experience the influence of natural elements

The material is different:

• elevated thermal insulation properties. They can significantly reduce general level costs of heating the premises in winter;
• resistance to temperature changes. The building material does not crack during deep freezing and further thawing;
• increased sound insulation coefficient. The cellular structure creates a reliable sound barrier;
• environmental friendliness. The manufacturing process uses environmentally friendly raw materials that do not affect the health of others;
• good workability. Not required special tool and equipment for giving the blocks the required shape;
• reduced weight. Lightweight walls made of aerated concrete do not place an increased load on the base of the building being constructed;
• resistance to the development of fungal colonies and mold. Pathogenic organisms do not form in the thickness of aerated concrete and on its surface.

The main disadvantage of porous building materials is a small margin of safety, to increase which an armored belt is installed on aerated concrete. Problem areas are strengthened with a power frame, which is filled with concrete mixture.

For protection, an armored belt is created on aerated concrete, smoothing out the impact climatic factors

Features of the device of an armored belt for aerated concrete

In the vocabulary of professional builders, the term “armoured belt” is often used. Private developers do not always have an idea of ​​how an armored belt for aerated concrete is made and what it is. This is a powerful closed-shaped structure that follows the contour of the building.

It is formed on the basis of available building materials:

• reinforcement grid. Steel rods with a cross section of 0.8–1.2 cm are tied with binding wire into a frame, which increases the strength of concrete during deformation. The power structure includes longitudinally located rods of increased diameter. They form a spatial structure when connected to square or rectangular jumpers located perpendicularly. The use of welding that weakens the strength of the structure is not allowed;
• high-strength concrete mortar grade M350 and higher. It is prepared on the basis of crushed stone-sand mixture and Portland cement, mixed in a standard ratio of 1: 3.5. Ready-made composition the formwork structure is filled, in which the reinforcement frame is rigidly installed. As a result of continuous pouring and careful compaction, a reinforced belt is formed. It prevents the destruction of the building and strengthens the structure.

To ensure the required safety margin, the height of the armored belt must be maintained. The design of the formwork allows you to give the concrete belt the required shape and guarantee compliance with its dimensions.

The reinforced belt for aerated concrete not only increases the resistance of the walls of the house to loads from internal and external environment, but also has a connecting purpose

For formwork the following are used:

• planed boards. They are assembled into panel elements, which are fixed with jumpers and wire;
• polystyrene plates. The properties of the material that forms the permanent formwork allow for improved thermal insulation;
• aerated concrete blocks of U-shaped configuration. Using ready-made elements You can significantly speed up the assembly of formwork.

When deciding on the design of the formwork, it is important to ensure tightness, as well as increased rigidity. This will create a strong armored belt under the floor beams and strengthen other loaded areas. When performing work, the width and height of the armored belt must be maintained, and the manufacturing technology must be observed. A properly executed reinforcement belt strengthens the main walls of a building and ensures their integrity, compensating for significant loads.

What is the armored belt for on aerated concrete?

Having increased fragility, aerated concrete needs additional reinforcement. At various stages of construction of aerated concrete walls, a load-bearing structure with a wide functional purpose is formed.

The possibility of deformation of walls and destruction of the building is minimized when using this load-bearing element

It allows:

• create a stable foundation for laying aerated concrete blocks;
• compensate for the forces transmitted by rafter beams;
• prevent the appearance of cracks caused by local deformations;
• ensure uniform distribution of loads on load-bearing walls;
• minimize the possibility of deformation main walls under load;
• reduce the impact of wind loads on load-bearing walls;
• increase the strength of buildings erected in sloping terrain;
• prevent damage to the integrity of buildings in seismic zones;
• increase the strength of buildings affected by soil reaction.

The construction of a reinforcing belt has a positive effect on strength characteristics and integrity of aerated concrete structures. To construct a reinforcing circuit on your own, it is important to carefully study the technology for performing the work and, if necessary, consult with professional builders.

Is an armored belt necessary for aerated concrete blocks?

The need to construct a reinforcing belt on aerated concrete walls is due to certain factors that reduce strength:

• The rafter beams are attached with special anchors to the upper plane of the main walls. At the points of attachment, they transmit local forces that cause cracks to appear in aerated concrete walls;

It is especially necessary in a house made of aerated concrete, built on sloping ground

• roof structure in the form of rafters connected at an angle creates loads acting in horizontal plane. The reinforced belt perceives spacer forces and dampens them;
• The main walls of the building are subject to uneven shrinkage. This is due to the presence of openings various sizes. A concrete belt reinforced with steel reinforcement inhibits deformation processes.

Having analyzed these factors, we come to the conclusion that a reinforcing contour is necessary to strengthen walls built from aerated concrete blocks. Feasibility of strengthening load-bearing structures along the contour of the structure is related to the characteristics of aerated concrete. It needs strengthening and only with the help of an armored belt can the stability of buildings be ensured by increasing the strength characteristics.

For which areas is it necessary to reinforce with aerated concrete?

Blocks made from gas-filled concrete are characterized by reduced strength and require special reinforcement using a load-bearing belt. It is carried out at different heights.

The following areas require additional reinforcement with a reinforced belt:

• supporting surface of the building foundation. The power edging located at the lower level is called the professional term “grillage”. It is formed at the stage of foundation construction and follows the contour of the building. The power edging ensures uniform transmission of loads from the weight of the building, and also perceives the reaction of the soil;

In order to strengthen the structure, the height of the armored belt is equalized with its thickness

• aerated concrete masonry. The damping belt is constructed between aerated concrete blocks every four rows. Installing steel rods or laying a special wire mesh increases the resistance of the masonry to the influence of deformation processes. The power edging is constructed by pouring a binder solution onto steel reinforcement;
• supporting surface of load-bearing walls. This reinforcement tier takes the load from the overlapping panels that are in contact with the upper plane of the walls. One-piece contour from reinforced concrete increases the stability of aerated concrete structures, preventing cracking. The belt smoothes out the loads created by the floor slabs;
• window and door openings. They need additional reinforcement using steel rods with a cross section of 1–1.2 cm. Special grooves are made to place the rods in the aerated concrete mass. Then the steel rods located in the grooves are filled with mortar. This allows you to increase the strength characteristics of the openings above which the blocks are located.

Increase the durability of the structure by strengthening problem areas, can be done using a special reinforced belt. Knowing how to make an armored belt, you can do all the necessary work yourself.

Getting ready to build a monolithic belt: what is needed for work

To do this, you need to prepare the following building materials:

• steel reinforcement with a cross section of 1–1.2 cm. The use of rods of increased diameter allows them to withstand significant loads, ensuring the integrity of aerated concrete. The rods are placed in the grooves and filled with solution;

Armopoyas in construction industry used to increase the resistance of load-bearing walls of a house to external and internal influences

• wire mesh with cells square section size 50x50 mm. Reinforcement is carried out by laying a mesh on the surface of the blocks, followed by applying a small layer of binding solution;
• concrete solution. It is used to form a support contour at the level of the building’s foundation, as well as to fill the load-bearing belt under the floor elements. The solution is prepared using Portland cement brand M400.

When carrying out the work, you will need annealed wire for knitting reinforcing bars used for assembling load-bearing frames, as well as a cement solution. It is used for filling reinforcing mesh when strengthening the masonry.

To perform the work you will need the following equipment and tools:

• concrete mixer;
• Bulgarian;
• wall chaser;
• device for bending rods;
• crochet hook.

After preparing the tools and materials, you can begin the work.

How to make an armored belt

Let's consider the technology of masonry reinforcement:

1. Make a groove in the gas blocks using a wall chaser.
2. Cut the reinforcement to size using a grinder.
3. Remove construction garbage from the resulting grooves.
4. Assemble the reinforcement cage and place it in the grooves.
5. Fill the cavities with cement solution and level the surface.

The technology for performing the work is quite simple. It is important to use high-quality building materials and adhere to the sequence of operations. This will allow you to independently strengthen the aerated concrete walls.

Due to the introduction of advanced technologies and the use of new building materials, the requirements for the stability of buildings and their durability have increased. To strengthen the building structure and increase the strength of load-bearing structures external walls in the upper part of the box there is a power belt in the form of a concrete contour reinforced with reinforcement. The reinforced belt evenly distributes the pressure of the roof and transfers the load to the foundation through the walls. The strength properties are affected by the height and thickness of the reinforced belt, as well as the design features of the reinforcement frame and the grade of concrete.

Armored belt design

To smooth out the loads from the weight of the roof and interfloor panels, a special reinforced concrete belt is constructed on the end plane of the main walls. It is also performed during the process of pouring a monolithic foundation.

When planning to build a basement, interfloor or foundation reinforced belt, you must perform the following steps:

• think over the design features of the reinforced concrete reinforcement circuit;
• pick up optimal size reinforcement and determine the height of the reinforced belt;
• purchase the building materials necessary for the construction of the armored belt.

When deciding on the design, dimensions and materials used, one should take into account the current forces at the floor level, as well as the load capacity of the walls for the manufacture of which porous blocks were used. When using lightweight floor slabs, it is allowed to use a less powerful reinforced belt. In this case, the width should be equal to the thickness of the walls. Let's look in more detail at design features and sizes.

In order to increase the strength of load-bearing external walls, it is necessary to make an armored belt

What is the armored belt made of?

The design of the reinforced belt is regulated building codes. This is a power circuit that prevents deformation of the building frame.

The following building materials are used for the manufacture of reinforced belts:

• concrete mortar marked M400 and higher. The mixture is filled with a formwork frame, inside of which there is a reinforcement grid. After the concrete hardens, a force contour is formed around the perimeter of the load-bearing walls. The concrete mixture is made according to a standard recipe based on Portland cement, crushed stone and sand. It is important to carry out concreting in one go with further compaction of the concrete mass using vibration equipment. It is important to prevent the formation of air cavities inside the monolith;
• steel bars with size cross section 0.8-1 cm. Corrugated reinforcement is cut into blanks required sizes, which are connected with knitting wire into a spatial frame. The structure consists of four longitudinally located rods connected cross bars. The diameter of the transverse elements is 0.6 cm. The metal lattice, which increases the load capacity of the concrete mass, has a square or rectangular cross-section in the transverse plane.

Depending on the design of the formwork, various materials are used for its manufacture:

• wood panels are used for collapsible formwork;
• the stationary structure is made of polystyrene.

It is important to ensure rigidity and tightness formwork structure.

The purpose of the armored belt is to help the building resist deforming loads

Height and thickness of armored belt

The dimensions of the reinforced belt are regulated by the design documentation:

• the height of the power contour is equal to its thickness in the manufacture of a reinforced belt with a square section. For a rectangular structure, the height exceeds the width by 1.5-1.6 times;
• The thickness of the armored belt usually corresponds to the width of the load-bearing walls of the building. The construction technology allows for a reduced thickness of the belt, at the level of 0.7-0.8 wall thickness.

The dimensions of the power circuit are determined at the development stage of the building project.

When is it necessary to strengthen building structures with a reinforced belt?

The reinforced belt is a critical element of residential buildings, which is formed at different heights from the zero level. The armored belt is designed to solve the following problems:

• forming a level base for the installation of interfloor panels;
• smoothing various types loads created by roof beams;
• preventing cracking of load-bearing walls as a result of frame deformation;
• proportional distribution of loads acting on the end plane of the walls;
• reducing the likelihood of wall deformation under the influence of increased forces;
• reducing the influence of loads caused by gusts of wind;
• ensuring the stability of buildings built in sloping terrain;
• maintaining the integrity of the frames of buildings built in seismically active areas;
• increasing the safety margin building structures, which are affected by the reaction of frost heaving of the soil.

The absence of a reinforced belt erected on upper level load-bearing walls, reduces the stability of the building.

Armopoyas is a concrete layer laid along the external walls of a house under construction along the entire perimeter

It is necessary to construct an armored belt in the following situations:

• when using cellular blocks for the construction of walls;
• during the construction of houses in seismically active zones;
• when constructing buildings on problem soils.

There may be situations where you can do without a reinforced concrete belt - this is the use of bricks for the construction of capital walls, as well as pouring the foundation below the freezing level of the soil. In other cases, the reinforced belt is required element building.

Reinforced belt under prefabricated and monolithic reinforced concrete floors

There is no need to doubt whether an armored belt is needed for floor slabs. The armored belt constructed under the floor panels performs a number of serious tasks:

• increases the load capacity of walls made of cellular blocks. After all, porous concrete is prone to deformation under increased load;
• proportionally distributes the loads from interfloor covering and roofs on walls. Local forces can cause cracks to form;
• protects the building frame from cracking. The belt smooths out temperature fluctuations and increases the durability of the structure.

A reinforced edging made of reinforced concrete connects the building frame and floor slabs into a common power contour.

The reinforced belt for floor slabs has a closed appearance

Getting ready to make a reinforced belt for slabs - building materials and tools

Planning self-production armored belt intended for installation of floor panels, prepare the necessary building materials:

• plywood, planed boards or sheet polystyrene for assembling formwork;
• Portland cement, gravel and fine sand for making concrete mix;
• steel reinforcement and binding wire for assembling the load-bearing frame;
• polyethylene film for sealing the formwork structure;
• fasteners (screws, screws, nails) for formwork assembly.

The amount of materials is determined based on the design documentation.

To perform the work you will also need special equipment and tools:

• concrete mixer, which facilitates the preparation of large volumes of concrete mixture;
• grinder with a metal circle, used for cutting steel reinforcement;
• manual or semi-automatic device;
• building level and plumb line required when taking measurements.

When using reinforcing bars with an increased diameter, a bending device will also be required.

In order for the layers of concrete to dry evenly, it is necessary to fill the armored belt in one stage

Reinforced belt construction technology - main stages

The technological process of manufacturing an armored belt provides for the following sequence of actions:

1. Preparation of blanks for assembling the formwork frame.
2. Assembling formwork from plywood sheets, wooden panels or polystyrene sheets.
3. Cutting reinforcing bars into pieces of appropriate sizes.
4. Assembling a load-bearing frame by connecting the rods using annealed wire.
5. Mixing components intended for preparing concrete mortar.
6. Continuous filling of the formwork structure with mortar.
7. Removing air inclusions using a deep or surface vibrator.
8. Maintaining the moisture content of the concrete mass by periodic wetting.
9. Dismantling the formwork after the concrete solution has hardened.

Having carefully studied the technology of constructing an armored belt, it is not difficult to carry out all the operations with your own hands.

What formwork materials can be used?

Traditionally, planed wood is used to make formwork, from which the panel structure is made. The height of the wooden edging is usually 0.3 m, and the width corresponds to the thickness of the walls. The boards are fastened with self-tapping screws. The side edging is fixed using threaded rods or strips. The horizontalness of the upper plane of the formwork should be controlled using a level. It is important to securely fasten the boards and seal all cracks.

Planed wood is used for formwork

In addition to boards, the following materials are used for the manufacture of formwork:

• moisture resistant plywood. Before pouring concrete, it is impregnated with waste oil to facilitate dismantling;
• extruded polystyrene. Polystyrene sheets are constituent element thermally insulated formwork.

The choice of material for the manufacture of formwork structures is made individually depending on the requirements of the design documentation.

Installation of fittings

Sequence of actions for installing the reinforcement cage:

1. Cutting metal rods.
2. Laying rods along the formwork on pads.
3. Wiring the elements of the lower tier.
4. Installation of cross bars.
5. Attachment to vertical rods of upper level elements.

After assembling the reinforcement grid, install threaded rods or steel wire for fastening the floor elements.

How should concrete be poured?

Preparation and pouring of concrete mortar is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Prepare concrete mixture to the required extent.
2. Perform continuous concreting.
3. Compact the concrete using rebar or a vibrator.
4. Plan the surface of the concrete mass.
5. Place plastic sheeting over the concrete.
6. Periodically moisten the concrete surface.

After the concrete reaches operational hardness, disassemble the formwork. The thickness of the armored belt for the floor slabs is determined by the dimensions of the formwork structure.

Conclusion

The reinforced belt under the floor panels is a mandatory element of the structure, increasing the strength properties of the structure. Correctly selected thickness of the armored belt guarantees required stock strength. The armored belt increases the service life of buildings and has a positive effect on their stability. Technological recommendations should be followed, and high-quality building materials should be used. It is not difficult to cope with the work on your own after carefully studying the technology.