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Warm plaster with polystyrene foam filler. Warm plaster for interior work: review, characteristics, reviews. Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

A product of the evolution of traditional cement-sand mortar considered warm plaster. The energy crisis forces us to look for new energy-saving technologies in all spheres of life. Thus, as a result of experiments with a conventional sand-cement mixture, a decorative insulating mortar with low thermal conductivity was obtained, which copes well with eliminating the so-called “cold bridges”.

Not at all warm “warm” plaster

Replacing the sand fraction in the finishing formulation of the plaster endowed it with completely new properties. Sawdust, pumice powder, perlite sand, expanded clay chips, granulated polystyrene foam, and expanded vermiculite are used as new components. They help improve the thermal properties of the material.

Special additives make new warm materials universal: they can be used to decorate walls indoors and for exterior decoration. Such work includes sealing gaps, cracks, joints between walls, as well as house floors. Thermal insulation of the basement of the building and additional internal insulation of the walls are performed using warm plaster. Finish the slopes on the windows. Warm plaster is indispensable on the facades of buildings with complex architectural forms.

A wall plastered with “warm” mortar is not warm to the touch. The coating got its name because of its low thermal conductivity and its “work” to save heat inside the building. Warm facade plaster plays the role of a thermos: does not let heat out in winter, insulates the walls outside from solar radiation in summer. Due to the heavy weight of the finished plaster layer, it is applied with a thickness of only 2.5, maximum 10 cm, while the absolute effectiveness of the thermal protection coating is achieved at 100–120 mm, which makes the wall structure heavier, and forming such a layer is problematic.

It is obvious that the main destructive “blow” is taken by the façade. It is watered by downpours, dried by winds, and warped by frosts. It is the design of the walls outside that requires a warm insulating coating.

Criterias of choice

Warm plaster for external use has special requirements:

• environmental friendliness: the components included (lime, gypsum, cement, etc.) do not emit harmful substances;
• compatibility when used with other facing materials;
• biological stability and moisture resistance;
• property of not igniting and not sustaining combustion.

Attention! According to these criteria, warm facade plaster with mineral fillers (vermiculite, perlite, foam glass), belonging to the NG class (non-flammable) and not absorbing moisture, is actively used for exterior finishing. At the same time, heat-insulating finishing material based on expanded polystyrene foam, on the contrary, is flammable and is classified in group G1. For the same reasons, only internal surfaces are finished with solutions containing additives that reduce the thermal conductivity of the finishing layer (sawdust, cellulose pulp).

Preparing for the start

• The best option for warm cladding is a façade that does not require additional insulation. It is quite possible to make warm plaster with your own hands. For anyone familiar with traditional plastering, it will not be difficult to do this using decoration as an additional means of insulation. Moreover, the process itself is not much different from the usual traditional method, moreover, allows the use of funds small mechanization. Therefore, the likelihood of errors is minimized.

• To complete the work you will need: a round bowl or other container for preparing the mixture, a measuring cup (jar) for dosing water, a construction mixer (low speed), a wide spatula, a grater for applying and distributing the solution along the wall, aluminum slats (beacons), a level, a rule (flat bar) to level the mixture along the installed beacons.
• The temperature of the air and the wall itself should not be below 5°C.
• In the case of cladding with low-temperature mortar, these parameters should not fall below -10°C.

Do it yourself or where to start finishing it yourself?

Do-it-yourself warm plaster involves thorough preparation, during which the walls are prepared and possibly cleaned of the old coating. Irregularities are smoothed out and surfaces are primed. They must be clean and not dusty. If there are minor chips, then a layer of heat cladding can be applied directly to them. In case of significant unevenness, poor condition of the walls, plastering with a thickness of more than 5 cm requires the installation of plaster or reinforcing mesh for strengthening.

The volumetric weight of the finished cladding (200-340 kg/m³) is quite significant and directly affects the foundation. Therefore, before work, you should make sure that the foundation is reliable. Aluminum beacons are installed vertically along the wall, parallel to each other, with a step smaller than the length of the rule. Level maintenance is constantly checked with a level. “Recipe” for a solution of warm plaster in your own preparation

Having decided on the estimated thickness of the future layer (usually 2-5 cm), the mixture is purchased. The main measure is the volume of dry mixture in the package. With a bag weighing 7-10 kg, its contents can cover 1 square meter. m area with a layer thickness of 2.5 cm. It must be taken into account that the prepared batch of solution must be used within several hours before the hardening process begins.

“Recipe” for a solution of warm plaster in your own preparation

You can make a plastic mixture yourself, especially since the recipe does not include scarce components. They can be bought at any construction market. It will be cheaper to buy ready-made warm plaster. Purchase cement (1 part). A porous filler component (4 parts) is needed to improve vapor permeability and prevent the appearance of dampness. For this purpose, you can use granulated vermiculite or perlite.

On a note! Plasticizer additives increase the degree of adhesion of the mortar to the wall and make it possible to apply it to complex-shaped parts of the facade. Alternatively, instead of plasticizers, PVA glue is added to the mixture. You only need 50 grams of it. for a 10 liter bucket.

Preparing the solution is easy. First with construction mixer When thoroughly mixed, the plasticizer (or glue) is diluted with water. Dry cement is combined with filler granules. At permanent job Mixer, gradually add a water-glue solution to the dry ingredients. Stir the mixture until a thick mass is obtained. To gain the necessary properties, the finished batch needs to brew for a quarter of an hour. Ready. You can start applying plaster.

A solution from a ready-made dry mixture

If you use a ready-made dry mixture, then you need to pour water into the container in the amount indicated on the package. Mixing the solution is not difficult, you only need to follow two mandatory rules. The use of a multicomponent composition requires the preparation of the entire contents of the package at once, without dividing into parts and leaving the remainder for adding. The contents of the package must be completely in solution. The mass is thoroughly mixed for at least 5 minutes until completely homogeneous. Another five minutes are given for “ripening”, while all components finally react with each other and take on the viscosity characteristics required by the technology.

Finishing the facade with heat-insulating plaster (final stage)

• For better adhesion, warm plaster for exterior use is laid on a damp surface.
• The part of the facade to be treated is moistened before applying the mixture.
• The solution is mixed again before applying to the wall; its consistency in thickness should resemble sour cream with a high percentage of fat content.
• The finished mixture is applied with a spatula to a grater (trowel) and applied to the wall from bottom to top by rubbing in translational movements between adjacent vertically located beacons. Immediately the rule equalizes, while removing excess solution.
• If the wall area is large, then a plastering machine can be used to speed up and facilitate the work. The solution is supplied through a nozzle. The area with the applied solution is again leveled using the rule.

• For increased requirements for roughness and decorative design walls, you need to put another thin finishing layer.
• Using a grater, uneven surfaces are carefully removed to achieve the required surface smoothness. Compliance with the geometry of the tiled facade is constantly checked with a level, both during work and after its completion. The maximum deviation should not exceed 3mm.
• After a few hours, the beacons are removed, the resulting cracks are carefully rubbed with the same mixture. The wall is finally rubbed with a solution of a more liquid consistency.
• When applying multi-layers, it is necessary that each layer is no thicker than 2.0 cm, and all subsequent ones are applied to a dry surface. To do this, you need to take technological breaks: under normal conditions climatic conditions they are about 4 hours.
• The final completion of the work involves complete drying of the facade within two days, followed by painting it.

Attention! The polymerization processes of the solution components are completely completed only 4 weeks after the completion of work. It is at this time that the plastered layer gains final strength and becomes a monolith. At the same time, flaws are revealed: material peeling, cracks appearing. The necessary thermal insulation qualities of the plaster appear after 60 days, when the cladding is completely dry throughout its entire thickness.

To make a house stand out from its “brothers” on the street, you need a little: make an effort, use plaster good quality and realize your plans with the help of competently executed work.

Until recently, the concept of “warm plaster” caused bewilderment on the faces of people selecting finishing materials for renovating their apartment or the external walls of a house.

Today, using a warm plaster mixture, they successfully carry out external and internal finishing of residential and administrative buildings.

Warm plaster for interior work It is produced in two main directions: to create a preparatory and finishing layer. In both cases, the finishing material has high strength and thermal insulation properties.

COMPONENTS OF WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster is a multi-component mixture.

It includes:

• fillers– substances that allow the plaster layer to be vapor permeable;
• plasticizers– they endow the finishing material with high elastic properties;
• water repellents– these components provide resistance to moisture.

White Portland cement or ordinary lime with the addition of gypsum is used as a binder.

Scheme of a wall with warm plaster

Warm plaster is distinguished by its fillers, which give the material thermal insulation characteristics.

On this moment two types have become widespread warm finishes: with organic and mineral components.

Expanded polystyrene can be an organic additive. It is used in the form of granules, foamed during production.

Since this type of organic filler is characterized by low strength, the plasters that contain it are coated with a protective finish.

Mineral components are divided into types. Substances of one group are natural materials with a porous structure of volcanic origin (expanded perlite, vermiculite).

Other elements are fractional hollow grains of foam glass type. They give the plastered surface a high level of mechanical strength.

ADVANTAGE OF USING WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster, thanks to the universal properties obtained during production, can be used for finishing the internal and external walls of buildings.

In addition to high thermal insulation properties, the finishing material is endowed with:

• Light weight - unlike standard plaster, after the screed has set it specific gravity can be from 240 to 360 kg/m3;
• Solidity of the layer - it eliminates the appearance of temperature bridges, peeling and shedding of the finishing surface;
• Good adhesion - due to the high level of adhesive ability, warm plaster is suitable for almost all surfaces. If it is necessary to apply a layer about 5 cm thick, it becomes necessary to use a primer and reinforcing fiberglass;
• Possibility of restoration - the plaster layer is easily restored as a result of any mechanical damage;
• Ease of use - no need to use specialized equipment. When performing work, a standard set of tools is sufficient: a spatula, a grater and a trowel;
• Safety - warm plaster is an environmentally friendly finishing material, due to which it is used not only for plastering facade surfaces (warm facade plaster), but also interior walls living space. This fact applies to certified mixtures;
• Finishing layer – plaster works well as a decorative finishing coating for both exterior and internal surfaces building. Due to additional use coloring vapor-permeable substance, the mixture acquires the required color.

HOW TO MAKE WARM PLASTER WITH YOUR OWN HANDS

Do-it-yourself warm plaster is easy to make, since all the necessary materials are available on the construction market.

As mentioned above, the components of the warm plaster mixture are porous materials, plasticizer and ordinary cement.

Applying warm plaster

Due to the porous components, warm plaster performs insulating functions and is endowed with vapor-permeable properties, and therefore the ability to breathe.

Mold and fungus do not grow on vapor-permeable materials, since there is no source of their occurrence - dampness.

Thanks to the use of plasticizers, a composition based on a cement binder obtains good plasticity and adhesion to the supporting base.

That is why heat-insulating plasters have characteristics that allow them to be applied to wood, concrete, brick and even ceramic surfaces.

Warm plaster is produced using the following technology:

• one part of cement M500;
• four parts of perlite or vermiculite grains;
• water (add until the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained);
• plasticizer (replace PVA with glue, take 50 grams per bucket of cement).

Step-by-step instructions for making the solution:

• plasticizer or PVA glue is diluted in water;
• thoroughly mix cement with granules;
• Add water to the dry mixture and knead until it becomes plastic.

After 15 minutes, when the composition has settled, it’s time to apply warm plaster to the prepared surface.

Plaster prepared at home will cost much less. This is especially noticeable when we compare it with mixtures from well-known companies, for example, Knauf.

It is also worth noting here that thermal insulation plaster cannot be used as the main insulation material, but still, it can retain some of the heat in the room.

PLASTER “KNAUF” FOR BUILDING FACADES

Using warm plaster "Grunband" from Knauf to decorate the facades of buildings, you can save on insulation materials, but you will have to spend money on surface decorative finishing.

Various finishing putties, polyurethane panels or vapor-permeable paints are used as decoration.

Scheme of plaster facade system

Preparing the solution does not take much time, but requires the use of a construction mixer.

This is a necessity, because it is quite difficult to manually thoroughly mix 30 kg of dry mixture with water until the desired consistency is obtained.

Set includes:

• building level and rule;
• trowel, metal spatula and grater.

Knauf facade plaster is applied only to the prepared surface, due to which it is laid in an even layer.

In progress preparatory work, old peeling finish, dirt and dust are removed from the base.

Detected small chips and cracks do not need to be puttied, as all defects will be hidden by the finishing material.

Then the exterior walls are primed, which will provide additional protection. facade finishing from moisture penetration. The primer is applied to a dry surface.

If you plan to lay another type of insulation under the plaster layer, for example, polyurethane foam, then you should not worry about how it will lay down and whether the plaster will adhere firmly to it.

Due to special fiberglass reinforced mesh, which is overlapped on the insulated external walls of the building, the plaster mixture can be applied in the same way as on a concrete or brick base.

Here it is worth mentioning some features of the work being carried out using the Knauf plaster mixture:

• The thickness of the applied layer of heat-insulating facade plaster can be about 20 mm, but no more, since the mixture will begin to slide off the working surface. It is distributed according to the rule along the plane of the wall. If it is necessary to plaster the walls with a thicker layer, for example, 30 mm, the process of work is divided into several stages. At the first stage, one layer of Knauf solution is applied; on the second - mesh reinforcement is carried out over the first layer; at the final stage, a second layer of plaster is laid, but only after the first one has dried;
• After the plaster mixture has begun to set, its surface is slightly moistened with water and rubbed with a grater.

The façade, treated with warm plaster, is faced with any decorative material of your choice to create an externally attractive appearance.

The main thing is that it meets the requirements that allow the facade to maintain its unchanged appearance.

High price utilities and energy resources can push owners of apartments and country real estate to carry out additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for increasing thermal properties Such bases are the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In the formulations of warm plasters, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case ready-made composition suitable for exterior and interior decoration, in the second - only for interior work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on the domestic market is perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density is around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm plaster with vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about such a finishing material as Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration premises. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and such thermal insulation materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, regular polystyrene foam and mineral wool– 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/(m×°C), respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact is that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 °C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. The working surface is primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete foundations) or soil deep penetration(For cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to standard scheme, only for attaching beacons use the appropriate brand of Teplon solution.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. On final stage surface glossing is possible. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is wetted clean water, rub with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some Umka plaster mixtures are also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

Compare brands of heat-insulating plasters Umka

Comparison criterion	UMKA
	UB-21	UB-212	UF-2
a brief description of	For all types of stone bases for interior and exterior decoration	For walls made of gas silicate and hollow ceramic bricks. Thin-layer, for interior and facade work	Finishing layer for finishing any type of stone bases, inside or outside. Thermal insulation properties are an option. In general, plaster is decorative in nature.
Recommended layer thickness, mm	10-100	5-7	up to 20
Volume of water per 1 kg of mixture, l	0,53-0,58	0,58-0,64	0,45-0,47
Consumption of dry mixture, kg/m 2 /layer thickness, mm	3,5-4/10	2,5-2,9/5-7	1,1/2
Viability of solution, min	60	90	60
Thermal conductivity coefficient of hardened plaster, W/(m×°C)	0,065	0,1	0,13
Price/packaging	€15/9 kg		€18/12 kg

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is a short video about Umka plaster.

bear

Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from famous manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It is them low odds thermal conductivity allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures do not inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter of perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  — by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. Can be used as a supplement liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, detergent for dishes, PVA – up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Pay special attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring thermal characteristics buildings to the required values, the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying ready-made mixtures!

Both old and modern houses do not have a high degree of thermal insulation. The reason for this is thin walls made of brick and reinforced concrete. These materials conduct heat quite well.

Over time, additional troubles are added to this - cracks in the walls, destruction of finishing and sealing of joints between panel slabs.

The rising cost of utility bills forces residents of both private and apartment building think about changing the situation for the better.

The condition of the walls of the house is of no small importance for creating and maintaining a comfortable microclimate in the interior. The walls must retain heat, be airtight and vapor permeable. House facades can be insulated both inside and outside.

External insulation is the most popular, since it does not involve a reduction in the internal usable area of ​​​​the premises. Exist various options conducting

One of the ways of effective and inexpensive thermal insulation is the use of special building mixtures. This is the so-called warm plaster.

Material properties

Warm plaster is a dry mixture consisting of hollow material, cement, glue and various plasticizers. Most volume of the mixture is exactly hollow material. Due to this, thermal insulation is achieved.

As a rule, tiny granules of polystyrene foam or foam glass are used as hollow filler.

The addition of plasticizers allows the hardened mortar to maintain a certain elasticity, which prevents cracking of the surface during severe frost or deformation of the wall.

Polymers provide mechanical strength finished coating. With their help, the solution reliably adheres to the surface.

Cement is the binding ingredient for components mixtures.

Frost-resistant plaster of this type has the following positive properties:

• affordable price;
• vapor permeability;
• low thermal conductivity;
• waterproof;
• strength;
• resistance to wall deformation;
• high degree of sound insulation;
• non-flammability;
• immunity to mold;
• environmental cleanliness;
• long service life;
• resistance to high and low temperatures;
• high adhesion to all materials;
• low specific gravity;
• high surface processing speed;
• no need for additional finishing.

Facade plaster after application to the surface has a presentable appearance. In terms of thermal insulation properties, it successfully replaces coatings made from foam plastic boards.

Warm facade plaster has certain advantages over other insulating materials.

These include the following:

1. Frost-resistant facade plaster, after application to the wall, creates a single monolithic layer. The absence of joints can significantly improve the insulating qualities.
2. The work of applying the solution is carried out in one stage. This allows the solution to be applied to the surface in one working day. This factor significantly reduces the cost of work.
3. No cold bridges. When treating walls with warm plaster it is not used fastening material, through which the cold passes to the main walls.
4. The simplicity of the technology makes it possible to carry out work on one’s own, without the involvement of hired workers
5. During surface insulation, deep drilling of the wall surface is not carried out. This helps prevent the concrete panels from weakening and being destroyed by vibration.
6. There is no need to level surfaces before applying the solution. Defects are eliminated immediately by applying plaster, which is an excellent filler for cracks and holes.
7. A unique opportunity to carry out insulation, restoration and insulation work on complex surfaces. Due to its ability to adhere to any material and retain its shape, any convex or concave surface can be covered with a solution of warm plaster.
8. Frost-resistant facade plaster has a composition that prevents the appearance and proliferation of insects, bacteria and fungi. Mold will never appear in such a coating, a colony of ants or a swarm of bees will never settle.
9. The environmental friendliness of the material allows it to be applied to walls glazed balconies. This is much faster and cheaper than traditional insulation using lathing, glass wool and MDF panels.
10. There is no need to sand the finished surface after drying. It looks like a rather fashionable and practical covering for a “fur coat”.

Insulating houses with this type of plaster is a fairly simple process that does not require the use of high technology. At its core, this is a common job of plastering external walls.

The building materials market offers different kinds mixtures for insulating houses. For external works The most suitable is a frost-resistant mixture based on foam glass or expanded polystyrene filler.

Tools and materials

To carry out work on insulating houses, goats are used, scaffolding or climbing equipment. Scaffolding and sawhorses can be rented. It will be more difficult with climbing equipment, since it requires special skills.

For quality work The following materials are needed:

1. Warm plaster. Frost-resistant facade plaster is sold in bags weighing 12 kg and 25 kg. Average consumption mixtures per 1 sq. m of base, with a layer thickness of 40 mm, is about 15 kg. As a rule, such a layer is sufficient to achieve the set goal of insulation and waterproofing.
2. Liquid primer. Purchased in quantities necessary for high-quality processing of the base. Material consumption for all types of surfaces is indicated on the packaging.
3. Self-tapping screws and dowels for installing beacons. Purchased at the rate of 6 sets per 1 sq. m.
4. Reinforcement mesh. Necessary to strengthen the material when applying two layers with a total thickness of more than 40 mm. The grid area should be 30% more area base, taking into account its overlap.

To insulate facades, there are enough tools that are found in almost every home.

The list of such tools and devices is quite small:

• hammer drill with a set of concrete drills and a mixer;
• hammer;
• screwdriver;
• steel spatulas 10 cm and 50 cm;
• notched spatula 40-50 cm;
• building level;
• paint brush;
• paint roller;
• roller made of dense material;
• plaster rule;
• safety glasses and gloves;
• container for mixing the solution (at least 30 l);
• buckets for solution;
• rope for lifting buckets.

In stores you can inquire about the availability of rental construction equipment. Such specific devices as a plaster rule, trestles or scaffolding may subsequently not be needed for decades, and will take up quite a lot of space.

Preparatory work

Before insulating a house, it is necessary to prepare the wall surface.

This process includes the following actions:

• removal of protruding fragments of reinforcement, brick and concrete;
• cleaning the surface from unstable old coating, paint and bitumen;
• clearing interpanel joints from stone chips and old insulating material;
• sealing large cracks and holes with façade sealant;
• degreasing and removing dust from the base for insulation;
• treating the base with a liquid primer;

After the primer has dried, a thin layer of solution should be applied to the base. This technique is used to improve the adhesion strength of the solution to the base. The layer thickness should be 3-5 mm.

In a day you can start working.

Application of the solution to the surface must be carried out in dry, warm weather. The work area must be fenced off with warning tape. First of all, scaffolding, sawhorses and climbing equipment are installed.

This is done as follows:

1. The mixture is poured from the bag into the container. Considering the high consumption of material (30-40 liters of solution per 1 sq. m), you need to mix at least 12 kg of the mixture. Don't experiment or get creative by adding other substances. This can only ruin it.
2. Water is poured into the container. The proportions for preparing the solution are indicated on the packaging of the material. Using a mixer inserted into the perforator, the ingredients are mixed at low speeds. Depending on the volume of material, this takes from 5 to 10 minutes.
3. The resulting solution should be left alone for 8-10 minutes, then mixed again. This is necessary to achieve complete homogeneity of the resulting material. After that you can use it. Liquid warm plaster retains its working qualities for 3-4 hours.

It should be taken into account that when high temperatures the time to use the finished solution can be reduced to 1.5-2 hours. And, at temperatures above +35ºС, work is not recommended.

Laying is carried out in the following order:

1. Beacons are installed every 40-50 cm. This will make it possible to lay out a layer of mortar of precisely adjusted thickness. The recommended size of one layer of plaster is no more than 40 mm. Otherwise, the material will slide and deform under its own weight.
2. The solution is applied to the wall with a wide spatula. For ease of use, you can first apply the mixture with a smaller spatula. After treatment 1-1.5 linear meters walls, the surface is leveled according to the rule. Excess solution is collected in a bucket and reused.
3. The beacons are removed from the holes. The remaining holes are filled with solution, the surface is leveled.
4. If the coating thickness is more than 40 mm, glue on top of the first level reinforcement mesh. It can be glued to plaster 2 hours after application to the wall.
5. A layer of plaster is applied to the mesh, its surface is profiled using a notched trowel. This will allow the second layer to firmly adhere to the first.
6. The second layer of plaster is applied in the same way as the first. Work is carried out after it hardens. This takes 1-2 days.

The treated wall has a gray, grainy surface. The owner of the house decides for himself what to do next - leave the wall as it is, or make it smooth.

An abrasive mesh and sandpaper are used for grinding. After sanding, warm plaster hardens within 3-5 days, depending on the thickness of the applied coating.

Finishing

The finishing of the insulation applied to the façade of a house can be carried out in various ways.

For these purposes, the following materials are used:

• frost-resistant paint;
• ceramic tile;
• fake diamond;
• facade thermal panels;
• granite chips.

Before finishing, the surface of the coating is primed and cleaned from dirt and dust.

The paint is applied with a roller or paint brush. Smooth surface It is better to paint with a roller. For a façade finished like a fur coat, you need to use a paint brush so that the paint penetrates into all the recesses.

Coloring can be carried out in one, two or more stages until the color becomes even and uniform.

Ceramic tiles and artificial stone can be glued directly to the plaster. Its surface is dense and durable enough to withstand additional weight.

For gluing, a cement-based mixture or frost-resistant acrylic mastic is used. The seams between the tiles are filled with a special façade sealant. Cured seams can be painted to match the color of the material.

Facade panels are quite light in weight and have excellent thermal insulation properties. They can become not only a finishing material, but also additional insulation.

They are attached to the surface with an adhesive solution. Convenient tongue-and-groove fastening allows you to create a seamless connection of panels.

Granite chips are applied to the facade using a spray gun or manually. The basis of this coating is transparent varnish or paint.

In addition to its undeniable beauty, granite chips will give the walls the properties of a very practical coating. It will simply be impossible to write or scratch anything on such a surface.

An insulated wall will serve the owners of the house for at least 25 years, protecting them from cold and dampness.

Warm plaster for interior work is an innovative product in the field of thermal insulation of premises.

This type of material is used for finishing facades and rooms. Some manufacturers also offer universal mixtures.

The composition of the solutions differs and depends on the scope of application and the required properties.

What is warm plaster? Its composition

This type of finishing material has recently appeared on the markets. Warm plaster combines thermal insulation and leveling properties.

New construction material made on the basis of cement or gypsum with the addition of additional elements:

• foam glass or foamed silicon;
• pumice powder;
• sawdust;
• perlite;
• foamed vermiculite;
• granulated polystyrene foam.

Warm gypsum plaster is suitable for leveling walls and ceilings in interior spaces. Cement compositions used for both interior and exterior work.

The characteristics and properties of the additives are described in the table below.

Material	Properties
Sawdust	Ecologically pure material. One of the most affordable in the price segment. You can mix warm plaster yourself with sawdust. Low level of thermal insulation.
Foam glass	Created from quartz sand. Suitable for use in rooms with high humidity. Low thermal insulation.
Vermiculite	The basis for the production of the material is mica. Fireproof, not afraid of fungi and resistant to mechanical damage. The only drawback is that it absorbs moisture well.
Expanded polystyrene	Low cost. Disadvantage: it is flammable and releases toxins when burned. High level thermal insulation.
Perlite	Environmentally friendly volcanic glass material. Perlite mixtures are easy to process and install. It is fire resistant and prevents the spread of germs and bacteria. High level of thermal insulation.

The market today offers thermal insulation types of mixtures from different manufacturers. Among domestic solutions, they prefer Mishka, Umka UB-21, and Teplon solutions. Imported compounds are much more expensive, but they also differ in quality. Craftsmen pay attention to warm plaster for interior work Knauf Grundband. It is more often used to level the facade, but the cement base allows you to plaster the interior as well.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation compounds

Mixtures of this type have gained the favor of masters due to a number of undeniable advantages:

• high level of adhesion to any materials, including wood and drywall;
• good sound insulation;
• the material can be used as insulation to prevent the appearance of cold bridges, and also as an independent thermal insulation composition;
• the mixtures are environmentally friendly, with the exception of those containing polystyrene foam;
• the weight of the composition is much less than conventional plasters;
• mixtures with the addition of perlite, vermiculite and foam glass have a high fire resistance class, and warm plasters with polystyrene foam are prone to internal combustion when exposed to high external temperatures;
• easy to apply because the main binders are gypsum or cement;
• the layer of warm plaster has high strength;
• the mixtures are resistant to frost, temperature changes, mold, fungi and rodents.

Despite the impressive list of advantages, such compositions also have a number of negative characteristics:

• the need to reinforce the surface when applying a layer thicker than 2.5-3 cm;
• high weight if plaster is used as insulation;
• low moisture resistance, which requires surface treatment decorative materials with additional moisture protection;
• Heat-insulating plasters, of course, help retain heat, but they should not be treated like other insulation materials.

Review of mixture manufacturers

Paladium Palaplaster-207 - sound and heat insulating plaster. Most often, this type of mixture is used as a rough ball for painting or wallpapering. The main binding element is cement, and the additive is foam glass. The solution is ready for decorative finishing 3-4 days after application to the surface.

ThermoUm is a universal warm plaster for finishing work indoors and outdoors. The mixture will completely harden within 28 days, after which it will be suitable for finishing. Long term operation is achieved by the ability of the material to repel moisture accumulated between the wall and the ball of mortar.

UMKA UB-21 is suitable for outdoor use as it can withstand more than 30 freezing cycles. The thermal insulation mixture is made on the basis of lime and cement interspersed with foam glass granules. When installing reinforcing mesh, the thickness of this type of coating can reach 10 cm. After complete drying, the plaster needs finishing.

DeLux Teplolux - warm plaster with the addition of granulated foam glass. The composition is based on cement, which makes the mixture universal. After drying, the surface can be painted or decorated with any finishing materials. The period for complete hardening of the coating is 28 days.

Knauf Grönband is one of the most popular thermal insulation solutions among craftsmen. Warm plaster for interior work Knauf - is produced on the basis of cement, therefore it is also suitable for facade work. The filler in this mixture is polystyrene foam. After drying, the layer becomes textured and moisture resistant. Plaster can be painted. The solution is applied with a special machine or manually. The price of warm plaster for interior work of the Knauf brand is quite high, but justified by the properties and characteristics of the material.

Making warm plaster yourself

Since the cost of professional thermal insulation mixtures is quite high, many craftsmen prefer to mix warm plaster for interior work with their own hands.

Step-by-step guide to preparing the mixture yourself:

1. In a bucket or construction trough you need to mix sand (1 part), cement (3 parts), porous additives (4 parts), discussed above, and a plasticizer. As the latter, it is allowed to use PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g per 10 liters of mixture.
2. The entire solution must be thoroughly mixed with water using a mixer.
3. The consistency of the mixture should be like thick sour cream or semolina. If the plaster is thicker than necessary, add water, if thinner - cement-sand mixture and porous additives.
4. After the last mixing, the solution must be allowed to brew for 15-20 minutes.

Warm plaster application technology

Important! First of all, you need to take care of temperature conditions in the room where heat-insulating plaster will be applied. Working temperature from +5 to +25 ℃.

Next, you need to remove old plaster, finishing and dust from the surface that will be plastered. Before applying the heat-insulating mixture, the wall must be primed. This will improve the adhesion of the material to the base.

After the primer has dried, warm plaster is mixed. It is important to use it within 2 hours after mixing, because after that it loses its properties.

To achieve an even application, you should use special beacons and pull the plaster along them.

Using a spatula, trowel and rule, apply the first layer of plaster. Its thickness should not be more than 20 mm. The next ball can be applied after 4 hours.

The next day, the evenness must be checked using the rule. If there are gaps, they need to be leveled. Next, the surface is sanded using sandpaper and abrasives with different fractions.

After 3-4 weeks, if there are no defects, decorative finishing can be applied to the wall.

When leveling large area For walls, it is better to use the machine method of applying warm plaster.