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Which warm plaster is better? Do-it-yourself thermal insulation plaster for exterior use. Types and technical characteristics

High price utilities and energy resources can push owners of apartments and country real estate to carry out additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for increasing thermal properties Such bases are the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In the formulations of warm plasters, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case ready-made composition suitable for exterior and interior decoration, in the second - only for interior work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on the domestic market is perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density is around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to cook warm plaster on vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about such a finishing material as Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and such thermal insulation materials as extruded polystyrene foam, ordinary foam plastic and mineral wool - 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/(m×°C), respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact is that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 °C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. Working surface primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete foundations) or soil deep penetration(For cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to standard scheme, only for attaching beacons use the appropriate brand of Teplon solution.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. On final stage surface glossing is possible. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is wetted clean water, rub with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some plaster mixtures Umka is also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

Compare brands of heat-insulating plasters Umka

Comparison criterion	UMKA
	UB-21	UB-212	UF-2
a brief description of	For all types of stone bases for interior and exterior decoration	For walls made of gas silicate and hollow ceramic bricks. Thin-layer, for interior and facade work	Finishing layer for finishing any type of stone bases, inside or outside. Thermal insulation properties are an option. In general, plaster is decorative in nature.
Recommended layer thickness, mm	10-100	5-7	up to 20
Volume of water per 1 kg of mixture, l	0,53-0,58	0,58-0,64	0,45-0,47
Consumption of dry mixture, kg/m 2 /layer thickness, mm	3,5-4/10	2,5-2,9/5-7	1,1/2
Viability of solution, min	60	90	60
Thermal conductivity coefficient of hardened plaster, W/(m×°C)	0,065	0,1	0,13
Price/packaging	€15/9 kg		€18/12 kg

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is a short video about Umka plaster.

bear

Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from famous manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It's them low odds thermal conductivity allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures don't inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter of perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  — by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. Can be used as a supplement liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, detergent for dishes, PVA – up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Pay special attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring warm specifications buildings up to required values, then the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying ready-made mixtures!

Modern humanity has come up with many different building materials that increase the service life of a building, allow construction to be completed as soon as possible, are resistant to precipitation, are environmentally friendly and are distinguished by aesthetic beauty.

One of these materials is warm plaster for the facade. This modern material, which appeared on the building materials market recently and has already gained popularity due to its characteristics. It has increased performance when thermally preserved in its finished form.
In this article we will look at what warm plaster for facades is, how it is applied to the surface and what characteristics it has.

Applying warm plaster to the facade of a house

What is warm plaster for facades made from?

The whole secret of its effectiveness is hidden in the composition from which this material is made. It includes substances that are characterized by low thermal conductivity.

Plaster is made from the following substances:

• sawdust;
• expanded clay crumbs;
• pumice and others.

Most often, in the manufacture of this plaster, a substance such as polystyrene foam is used. This is a very cheap substance, but, nevertheless, it has excellent qualities that allow you to retain heat in the room as much as possible.

Used polystyrene foam in plaster for better effect

It is also used not only for external works, but also internal ones, thereby ensuring a stable temperature in the house without sudden changes.

It is made from such traditional materials as cement, lime, as well as some other additives that allow you to obtain excellent results in practice.

Even more traditional material For the manufacture of warm plaster for facades, sawdust is used as the base; in addition, it also contains paper, cement and clay. Thus, as we can observe, this is a very simple material that is environmentally friendly. In addition to external work, it is also used in interior work, in which it is used even more often, since its composition is such that it is sufficiently sensitive to the effects of water. Therefore, its use is quite rare for facades, but it also comes across.

This type of warm plaster is very sensitive to the effects of fungi and takes a long time to dry.

Another type of warm plaster for facades is one containing vermiculite. This rock is characterized by high hardness and is very successfully used for insulating facades.

Experts note that there are materials that better protect against cold and retain heat, but the main advantage is the low cost of the material.

Vermiculite is used in plaster for better insulation at home and comes in packages of different sizes

Warm plaster for facades still retains heat well. In addition to warm plaster for the facade, it is also often used for insulation inside. In combination, this gives very good results, allowing your home to lose less heat and be less affected by cold gusty winds.

In addition, foam insulation is also used, the layer of which must be at least 10 centimeters. Only in such conditions will the house be very warm. And the walls of the house should be made of brick or reinforced concrete. Only in this way will maximum heat savings be ensured.

If you use only warm plaster for the facade, then its layer should be about 20 centimeters.

Most often, warm plaster is used, the layer of which does not exceed four centimeters. This creates conditions where the house is only slightly insulated, but the problem is not completely solved. If you use a layer of warm plaster for facades larger than five centimeters, it will be very heavy and may fall off over time under its own weight.

To understand how much weight warm plaster for facades can have, a layer of only two centimeters on an area of ​​one square meter weighs about twelve kilograms.

When to use warm plaster for facades

When and where is plaster used:

• as additional insulation of the house, as well as protection from external noise, which plaster copes well with;
• Additionally, you can insulate the floor and ceiling in your home;
• you can also insulate windows, doors and door slopes;
• insulate joints;
• close up engineering Communication, pipes and pipelines, wiring.

The application process is not difficult and does not require a lot of effort, so almost anyone can insulate a house with warm plaster for facades.

How to insulate a house using warm plaster for facades

The entire work process does not require any special tools or equipment. To do this you will need the most common trowels, levels and spatulas.

Before applying plaster to the wall, you must first prepare the surface. This means that you need to remove everything that is not firmly fixed, you need to knock down the tapping plaster, which can fall off under the pressure of the plaster, which, as we have already seen, weighs quite a lot and collapse the entire structure, so this work is very important. The walls need to be primed.

Before you begin the actual process of applying it to the walls, the plaster needs to be mixed; to do this, you need to add water to the container and pour the plaster according to the manufacturer’s instructions, which are indicated on the bag. Mix this mixture thoroughly with a mixer and let it sit for about five minutes, then mix again. The mass must be homogeneous, this is very important, since in the future the plaster may not hold very tightly and crumble after a short time. To avoid lumps in the plaster, you should thoroughly clean the container after each use, and it is also better to add water when stirring rather than pouring the plaster.

Now that we have warm plaster for facades ready, we can proceed directly to the application process itself. Beacons are placed on the walls, the location of which must be leveled. When our beacons are in the right place, we apply warm plaster for the facades. For this we need a trowel.

Each applied layer must be very carefully leveled and smoothed. It is important to remember that you cannot immediately apply thick layer plaster, since it can dry out for a very long time and fall off under its own weight or crack.

The maximum thickness of one layer cannot be more than 5 centimeters. And only after a few hours, when this layer has dried, can a new one be applied. When applying plaster for facades, do not forget that securing the beacons is important; this is, first of all, important when we apply thick layers.

It is also important to understand that the warm plaster itself is not the end of the work, since after we finish applying it, you will need to apply a layer of some kind on top of it. decorative material, because when the warm plaster for the facade dries, the appearance will not be very aesthetic and not every self-respecting home owner will agree to have such appearance of its façade.

Let us remind you that each material has its own purpose; warm plaster has the function of insulating a room, but is not at all suitable for adding aesthetic beautiful view the facade of your home. The process of applying this material is quite simple, even if you do not have construction experience, then completing the entire process will not be a huge difficulty, the main thing in this matter is to take it seriously and do everything correctly.

Advantages of warm plaster for facades

Since the plaster is made from affordable and common components, its price will be correspondingly low. Also, a huge advantage over other insulating materials is its environmental friendliness, thanks to which you will not have health problems, especially for people suffering from allergic reactions which are not recommended for use synthetic materials, which do not allow air to pass through well, thereby creating problems.

Many today are wondering what warm plaster is, for what purposes this material is suitable and how to work with it. Let's start with the fact that these products have not been on the domestic market of construction and finishing materials for long.

So, warm plaster is a mixture made on the basis of the simplest cement. But, unlike ordinary cement mortar, sand is not added to the composition. Instead of him other ingredients are used:

• Expanded clay chips;
• Perlite sand;
• Expanded polystyrene granules;
• Powder made from pumice, etc.

What types of warm plaster are there?

If you are interested in what warm plaster is, you should keep in mind that it can be different. There are many types, now we will talk about most popular of them.

• Among all the varieties of warm plaster, one can note the composition, which contains expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite is a mineral lightweight aggregate that is obtained through heat treatment to which vermiculite rock is subjected. If you need warm plaster for exterior work, it’s time to pay attention to just such products. And if you don’t want to look for other worthy options, other uses of the material are also possible. For example, this warm plaster is also suitable for interior work. Quite decent, versatile construction material. Among the advantages of vermiculite are excellent antiseptic properties.
• If we consider popular types of warm plaster, we cannot ignore the “sawdust mixture”. This substance contains sawdust, as well as particles of clay, cement, and even paper. That is why it is not recommended to use warm sawdust plaster for exterior work. On the contrary, the mixture is most often purchased specifically as a warm plaster for interior work - any specialist will confirm this.

Sawdust plaster is an ideal product for covering brick (concrete) and wooden surfaces. It is recommended that the room be regularly ventilated while the sawdust plaster is drying. It takes approximately two weeks for the composition to dry. If the doors and windows are closed in the room, mold and mildew may appear on the surface - be sure to take this into account.

• People who want to buy warm plaster always pay attention to a type of material that contains expanded polystyrene foam granules. This plaster contains not only polystyrene foam - here you will also find cement, various fillers and additives, and lime. You need warm plaster for the facade - this option is well suited, however, it is also often used for indoor work.

Since it is the last version of plaster (with polystyrene foam granules in the composition) that is the most common (which cannot be said about other types), we will consider it in detail within the framework of this material. All comparisons with other materials will also be made specifically for this type.

Warm plaster and its areas of application

Let's look at the industries where this material is used today. Anyway, manufacturers recommend following:

• Finishing of facades and their thermal insulation;
• Soundproofing of internal and external walls on existing buildings, as well as additional insulation;
• Insulation of walls if well masonry is used;
• Insulation of slopes of door and window blocks in those places where they are adjacent to the walls;
• Insulation of cold and hot water supply risers, sewer risers;
• For internal finishing works ah (as a sound insulator and insulation);
• It is recommended to use warm plaster for insulation ceilings and floors.

External finishing of the facade with warm plaster

Let's talk in more detail about How effective is the material? by doing exterior finishing house facades.

1. Warm plaster for the facade will be heavier than all others possible types– up to ten times or more. Consequently, such a wall most likely requires a more solid foundation;
2. If it is assumed that the façade insulation design will have plaster layer insulation, the thickness of the insulation usually varies from 50 to 100 mm (depending on the thickness load-bearing wall, desired indoor temperature and climate zone). If you pay attention to what the thermal conductivity coefficient is, then everything is clear - in order to achieve similar indicators, the layer of warm plaster should be one and a half to two times thicker.

In other words, a layer of warm plaster will have to be made 100-200 mm thick, but the maximum allowed application is only 50 mm - otherwise there will be dumps. Therefore, warm plaster for the facade should be applied on both sides of the wall at once.

Now, based on all of the above, let's consider everything advantages and disadvantages of the material:

pros

• It is applied very quickly (even one plasterer can apply 110-170 sq.m. in a day);
• Can be applied without using reinforcing mesh(in places where there are no cracks and corners);
• There is no need to level the walls if you are going to apply warm plaster;
• The material has excellent stickiness (adhesion) to all other wall materials;
• When installing this insulation, there are no metal connections, so you don’t have to worry about cold bridges;
• Rodents will never settle in a wall that is insulated with warm plaster;

For more information about the advantages of warm plaster (including for insulating facades), watch the video material. Perhaps you will get answers to all your questions after watching.

Disadvantages of warm plaster

• The composition is not a finishing coating - not only a primer, but also a decorative layer of plaster should be applied to the surface of warm plaster;
• The required layer of insulation is thicker than when insulating with polystyrene foam or cotton wool (approximately one and a half to two times).

Based on all of the above, let’s talk about where it’s really worth using “warm” plaster.

• When sealing various joints, cracks in the walls, floors of the house;
• As additional insulation, but this is already for internal work - that is, you will need warm internal plaster (in a situation where work cannot be done outside - when, for example, there is already an expensive cladding that will definitely deteriorate during disassembly);
• Warm plaster is often used to insulate the base;
• When finishing window slopes the material is also often used.

Applying warm plaster - technology

Before work, the wall surface is prepared in the same way as before applying simple cement-based plaster. That is, all dust is removed, as well as the remains of other solutions. If necessary, the surface is treated with special deep-penetrating impregnations, or simply strengthened with a plaster mesh.

It is important that the surface of the wall, which will be insulated with warm plaster, is thoroughly moistened with water before starting all work.

1. When the composition is prepared for use, the entire package is poured into a container (its volume must be at least 50 liters);
2. Next, add water in the amount indicated on the packaging of warm plaster;
3. Everything is thoroughly mixed using a mixer;
4. The resulting mixture must be used within 120 minutes from the moment of preparation.

How to check whether the required consistency has been obtained or not? It's simple here:

• Scoop up the solution using a trowel and turn it over;
• If the mortar holds well on the trowel and does not fall off, it means that the plaster is completely ready for use;
• Ready-made plaster can be applied either by machine or by hand.

To avoid any difficulties when applying warm plaster, pay attention to the video: applying warm plaster. The lesson will be useful for both specialists and novice renovators.

What they look like subsequent work:

• The plaster mixture is applied using ordinary plastering tools (trowel, spatula, float, etc.) in several layers;
• The thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm;
• Each subsequent layer should be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one was applied;
• If on the street high level humidity, and the air temperature is low (especially in autumn season), the drying time of the layer increases;
• It is customary to apply the solution only to the surface that has been leveled and primed;
• Apply warm plaster with a wide spatula, this is done strictly from the bottom up;
• It is impossible to apply a thick layer of plaster at a time - this may simply cause the mortar to slip;
• Check and acceptance plastering works usually carried out about three to four weeks after all the work has been done.

Common mistakes when applying warm plaster

It is not difficult to guess that during such work certain mistakes are often made - especially when the work is performed by novice specialists or simply amateurs. Consider this moment in more detail:

1. If peeling is observed, it means you made some mistake during work;
2. If the applied composition begins to crack;
3. If the geometry of the room changes due to the fact that the layer of warm plaster is too thick.

How to check the “geometric” quality of the plastering work that you have completed? This work requires a plumb line, as well as a two-meter rule, and a bubble level. Everything is checked simply: a two-meter rule is applied to the surface (as a rule, an aluminum strip is used as such a tool). If gaps are detected, it means that there are irregularities in the geometry.

It is important that deviations from the horizontal (or vertical) of the plastered surface are not more than 3 mm per meter.

About material consumption

What can we say about material consumption? Everybody is here quite understandable:

• For each square meter of surface it takes from 10 to 14 kg, if the desired layer thickness is 25 mm;
• If the desired layer thickness is 50 mm, then the consumption is 18-25 kg per square meter;
• 1 square meter of wall insulation with warm plaster will cost you $40 (the information will be useful for those who want to buy such plaster) - with a layer thickness of 25 mm;
• If you turn to specialists to do the work, you will have to pay up to $15 or more for each square meter.

• To insulate “airborne noise” using warm plaster (this could be noise from a TV, conversations, the sound of a car engine), the material must have a fibrous structure. In addition, it must be ventilated. The effective thickness here starts from 0.5 cm;
• To insulate “impact noise” - knocks, falling objects, sounds of footsteps, the material must have elasticity (like rubber).

Warm plaster does not meet either the first or the second requirement, so all data on excellent sound insulation performance is most likely slightly overestimated.

For some work, warm plaster (facade, interior decoration) is indeed used often and this is quite justified. But its use is not always advisable - in many cases you can limit yourself to completely different materials or insulation and get either the same or a more impressive result.

Be sure to take this into account when performing finishing or repairs - in order to protect yourself from unpleasant surprises in the future.

During renovation work, some owners think about insulating the walls. This can be done both outside and inside the room using mineral wool or polystyrene foam. It usually costs a lot, and it takes most volume. You can easily and unusually insulate walls using warm plaster. This solves two problems at once - thermal insulation and decoration of the walls.

Warm plaster is a special leveling composition with the addition of heat-insulating materials. Perlite or vermiculite is added to ordinary gypsum or cement. Sometimes polystyrene foam or other “warm” bulk components are added to the plaster. The gypsum-based mixture is suitable only for interior finishing work, and cement mortar can be safely used for finishing facades.

On construction market Most of the assortment is occupied by perlite plaster. It is the most practical and inexpensive compared to other similar mixtures. It contains expanded perlite, which at first glance looks like fine crushed stone or gray sand. It is recommended to use this plaster indoors. It is also possible to decorate the façade of a building, but one must remember that the material is highly hygroscopic.

Insulating plaster is produced by a few manufacturers, so when purchasing you need to pay attention to the description of the mixture. Not all have thermal insulation properties. Some are also positioned as soundproof and environmentally friendly.

On average, the thermal conductivity of plaster is not very high compared to the same foam or mineral wool. And sometimes the prices indicated on the packaging turn out to be very low. This suggests that the characteristic of “warmth” of this or that type of plaster was added unreasonably. In any case, you should not count on significant insulation of the room thanks to warm plaster.

Warm plaster is in the middle price category, so it is not available to everyone. But there is a simple way out of this situation - preparing warm plaster with your own hands is not so difficult. To prepare the mixture, you need to take one part gypsum or cement, 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite. Everything is filled with water in the amount required for a solution similar to sour cream. This is the approximate recipe for preparing warm plaster. In every special case different ratios of ingredients are selected, additional components are added.

If the thermal insulation properties of the walls are satisfactory, but you want to bring them to the ideal value, warm plaster is good option. To seriously insulate a cold room, it will not be enough.

Application technology and rules

You can apply warm plaster to the walls yourself. The technology is quite accessible and not very complicated. Let's consider all stages of work using the example of a gypsum-based mixture for interior decoration.

1. Surface preparation.

The temperature in the room being repaired should not be below +5° and above +30°C, humidity - no more than 75-80%. First, the surface of the walls needs to be cleaned of old wallpaper, paint, and falling plaster. Large holes and uneven areas should be covered. Then a primer is applied to the clean walls for better adhesion of the materials. The room is left until completely dry.

1. Lighthouses.

When the walls are completely dry, you can proceed to the next step. To achieve ideal evenness of the walls, it is better to use a beacon system. They are placed around the entire perimeter and secured with mortar. The installation diagram is standard, as for any repair work.

1. Preparation of the solution.

Warm plaster is prepared at the rate of 1 kg of powder per 0.5 liter of water. For waterproof plasters, the amount of water is significantly reduced (up to 0.2 l). To avoid clumping, it is better to mix with a special mixer or in a stirrer. To achieve homogeneity of the mass, mixing should be carried out twice with an interval of 5 minutes. You shouldn’t prepare a lot of solution at once; it can dry out quickly.

1. Application to walls.

The finished solution must be immediately applied to the walls using a spatula and evenly stretched over the surface. The thickness of the layer depends on the condition of the surface, but cannot exceed 5 cm. Strong thick coating applied in several passes. The minimum layer must be at least 5 mm. If necessary, the surface is trimmed along the beacons, all irregularities and bumps are removed.

1. Glazing.

At the final stage, you can polish the surface. It should be started no earlier than a couple of hours after applying the plaster. Use a special sponge dipped in water to wipe down the walls. The released liquid is carefully leveled with a spatula.

If you don’t really want to tinker with warm plaster, you can resort to the services of professionals. They will carry out all the work quickly and efficiently.

Insulating walls with bulk plaster

An alternative to expensive warm plaster is bulk plaster on the wall, which, thanks to its thick layer, creates additional thermal insulation. And most importantly, it allows you to create a unique design pattern without resorting to complex techniques and materials.

Volumetric decorative plaster- is not renovation work, but rather decorating a wall using patterned molding. This way you can create any image or mask an extra element on the surface. For example, you can create a beautiful tree from an awkward, bulky column in the middle of a room.

Thanks to this type of plaster, you can decorate the room in an interesting way using your imagination. If you don’t have any ideas, then there are special stencils for sale for creating paintings on the wall. Playing with light and irregularities will give the room a special charm.

The method of applying bulk plaster is very simple:

• initially the walls are prepared, cleaned and primed;
• then the stencil(s) are attached to the wall according to the instructions;
• Next comes the direct application of the pattern using a stencil;
• the stencil is immediately removed and the design dries until completely hardened;
• at the last stage you need to paint the picture.

If standard sets for volumetric plaster seem banal and boring, you can order exclusive work from an experienced craftsman.

Elastic plaster for facades - another variety bulk material. With its help, you can create large-scale paintings or abstractions on the outside of the building. At the same time, it is very durable and moisture-resistant, and also creates additional thermal insulation for the entire structure.

You can insulate an apartment, office or any other room not only with unaesthetic sheet insulation, but also with such beautiful and unusual materials like warm and voluminous plaster.

Warm plaster is considered a product of the evolution of traditional cement-sand mortar. The energy crisis forces us to look for new energy-saving technologies in all spheres of life. Thus, as a result of experiments with conventional sand-cement mixture We obtained a decorative and insulating solution with low thermal conductivity, which does an excellent job of eliminating the so-called “cold bridges”.

Not at all warm “warm” plaster

Replacing the sand fraction in the finishing formulation of the plaster endowed it with completely new properties. Sawdust, pumice powder, perlite sand, expanded clay chips, granulated polystyrene foam, expanded vermiculite. They help improve the thermal properties of the material.

Special additives make new warm materials universal: they can be used to decorate walls indoors and for exterior decoration. Such work includes sealing gaps, cracks, joints between walls, as well as house floors. Thermal insulation of the basement of the building and additional internal insulation of the walls are performed using warm plaster. Finish the slopes on the windows. Warm plaster is indispensable on the facades of buildings with complex architectural forms.

A wall plastered with “warm” mortar is not warm to the touch. The coating got its name because of its low thermal conductivity and its “work” to save heat inside the building. Warm facade plaster plays the role of a thermos: it does not let heat out in winter, and insulates the outside walls from solar radiation in summer. Due to the heavy weight of the finished plaster layer, it is applied with a thickness of only 2.5, maximum 10 cm, while the absolute effectiveness of the thermal protection coating is achieved at 100–120 mm, which makes the wall structure heavier, and forming such a layer is problematic.

It is obvious that the main destructive “blow” is taken by the façade. It is watered by downpours, dried by winds, and warped by frosts. It is the design of the walls outside that requires a warm insulating coating.

Criterias of choice

Warm plaster for external use has special requirements:

• environmental friendliness: the components included (lime, gypsum, cement, etc.) do not emit harmful substances;
• compatibility when used with other facing materials;
• biological stability and moisture resistance;
• property of not igniting and not sustaining combustion.

Attention! According to these criteria, warm facade plaster with mineral fillers (vermiculite, perlite, foam glass), belonging to the NG class (non-flammable) and not absorbing moisture, are actively used for exterior finishing. At the same time, thermal insulation finishing material, which is based on expanded polystyrene foam, on the contrary, is flammable and is classified in group G1. For the same reasons, only internal surfaces are finished with solutions containing additives that reduce the thermal conductivity of the finishing layer (sawdust, cellulose pulp).

Preparing for the start

• The best option for warm cladding is a façade that does not require additional insulation. It is quite possible to make warm plaster with your own hands. For anyone familiar with traditional plastering, it will not be difficult to do this using decoration as an additional means of insulation. Moreover, the process itself is not much different from the usual traditional method, moreover, allows the use of funds small mechanization. Therefore, the likelihood of errors is minimized.

• To complete the work you will need: a round bowl or other container for preparing the mixture, a measuring cup (jar) for dosing water, a construction mixer (low speed), a wide spatula, a grater for applying and distributing the solution along the wall, aluminum slats (beacons), a level, a rule (flat bar) to level the mixture along the installed beacons.
• The temperature of the air and the wall itself should not be below 5°C.
• In the case of cladding with low-temperature mortar, these parameters should not fall below -10°C.

Do it yourself or where to start finishing it yourself?

Do-it-yourself warm plaster involves thorough preparation, during which the walls are prepared and possibly cleaned of the old coating. Irregularities are smoothed out and surfaces are primed. They must be clean and not dusty. If there are minor chips, then a layer of heat cladding can be applied directly to them. In case of significant unevenness, poor condition of the walls, plastering with a thickness of more than 5 cm requires the installation of plaster or reinforcing mesh for strengthening.

The volumetric weight of the finished cladding (200-340 kg/m³) is quite significant and directly affects the foundation. Therefore, before work, you should make sure that the foundation is reliable. Aluminum beacons are installed vertically along the wall, parallel to each other, with a step smaller than the length of the rule. Level maintenance is constantly checked with a level. “Recipe” for a solution of warm plaster in your own preparation

Having decided on the estimated thickness of the future layer (usually 2-5 cm), the mixture is purchased. The main measure is the volume of dry mixture in the package. With a bag weighing 7-10 kg, its contents can cover 1 square meter. m area with a layer thickness of 2.5 cm. It must be taken into account that the prepared batch of solution must be used within several hours before the hardening process begins.

“Recipe” for a solution of warm plaster in your own preparation

You can make a plastic mixture yourself, especially since the recipe does not include scarce components. They can be bought at any construction market. It will be cheaper to buy ready-made warm plaster. Purchase cement (1 part). A porous filler component (4 parts) is needed to improve vapor permeability and prevent the appearance of dampness. For this purpose, you can use granulated vermiculite or perlite.

On a note! Plasticizer additives increase the degree of adhesion of the mortar to the wall and make it possible to apply it to complex-shaped parts of the facade. Alternatively, instead of plasticizers, PVA glue is added to the mixture. You only need 50 grams of it. for a 10 liter bucket.

Preparing the solution is easy. First with construction mixer When thoroughly mixed, the plasticizer (or glue) is diluted with water. Dry cement is combined with filler granules. At permanent job mixer, gradually add a water-glue solution to the dry ingredients. Stir the mixture until a thick mass is obtained. To gain the necessary properties, the finished batch needs to brew for a quarter of an hour. Ready. You can start applying plaster.

A solution from a ready-made dry mixture

If you use a ready-made dry mixture, then you need to pour water into the container in the amount indicated on the package. Mixing the solution is not difficult, you only need to follow two mandatory rules. The use of a multicomponent composition requires the preparation of the entire contents of the package at once, without dividing into parts and leaving the remainder for adding. The contents of the package must be completely in solution. The mass is thoroughly mixed for at least 5 minutes until completely homogeneous. Another five minutes are given for “ripening”, while all components finally react with each other and take on the viscosity characteristics required by the technology.

Finishing the facade with heat-insulating plaster (final stage)

• For better adhesion, warm plaster for exterior use is laid on a damp surface.
• The part of the façade to be treated is moistened before applying the mixture.
• The solution is mixed again before applying to the wall; its consistency in thickness should resemble sour cream with a high percentage of fat content.
• The finished mixture is applied with a spatula to a grater (trowel) and applied to the wall from bottom to top by rubbing in translational movements between adjacent vertically located beacons. Immediately the rule equalizes, while removing excess solution.
• If the wall area is large, then a plastering machine can be used to speed up and facilitate the work. The solution is supplied through a nozzle. The area with the applied solution is again leveled using the rule.

• For increased requirements for roughness and decorative design walls, you need to put another thin finishing layer.
• Using a grater, uneven surfaces are carefully removed to achieve the required surface smoothness. Compliance with the geometry of the tiled facade is constantly checked with a level, both during work and after its completion. The maximum deviation should not exceed 3mm.
• After a few hours, the beacons are removed, the resulting cracks are carefully rubbed with the same mixture. The wall is finally rubbed with a solution of a more liquid consistency.
• When applying multi-layers, it is necessary that each layer is no thicker than 2.0 cm, and all subsequent ones are applied to a dry surface. To do this, you need to take technological breaks: under normal conditions climatic conditions they are about 4 hours.
• The final completion of the work involves complete drying of the facade within two days, followed by painting it.

Attention! The polymerization processes of the solution components are completely completed only 4 weeks after the completion of work. It is at this time that the plastered layer gains final strength and becomes a monolith. At the same time, flaws are revealed: material peeling, cracks appearing. The necessary thermal insulation qualities of the plaster appear after 60 days, when the cladding is completely dry throughout its entire thickness.

To make a house stand out from its “brothers” on the street, you need a little: make an effort, use plaster good quality and realize your plans with the help of competently executed work.