How to build a fireplace yourself. Do-it-yourself fireplace installation How to lay a fireplace correctly
Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. IN lately, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.
Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:
- No smoke.
- Heating the room.
- Beautiful appearance.
To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.
Location
The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.
First you need to decide on the type of structure.
The fireplace stove can have the following design options:
- Wall-mounted.
- Angular.
- Built-in.
- Ostrovny.
Based on this, the home owner can choose suitable place for the fireplace.
When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules fire safety, the fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.
Materials
The manufacture of fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:
- Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
- River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
- Crushed stone for making a foundation. The permissible fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
- Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
- Cement (M 200 or M 300).
- Smoke damper.
- Fittings.
Brick and its varieties
Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.
This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.
The brick must have the following properties:
- Have the correct form;
- Contain no cracks or gouges.
- Have no deformations;
The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.
Material quality requirements
When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
- The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
- The appearance of the brick - it should not contain cracks or chips.
Preparation
This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.
You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.
The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.
Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.
The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.
Pouring the foundation
To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:
- roulette;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine;
- hammer + nails;
- board;
- fittings;
- cement (grade M400).
The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.
The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a 4 cm layer of concrete, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which it is poured last layer, the height of which should be about 6 cm.
In order for the poured foundation to finished form did not contain voids, the solution was plowed a little with a free rod.
After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.
Fireplace masonry
This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.
DIY fireplace
The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base.
- For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
- The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
- In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
- To comply temperature regime V future design, it is necessary to ensure that the outer brick wall of the fireplace does not come into contact with the firebox.
- To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
- To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
- To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.
Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.
The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. The portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:
- arched,
- wedge,
- vaulted.
To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.
By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.
Chimney
If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.
Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.
Finishing work
In addition to the fact that the fireplace is a stove, you can decorate it with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.
Decoration for corner option fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.
The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.
The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.
If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, then it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.
- For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.
- The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.
- To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.
- When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.
From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.
Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands
Creating a beautiful and functional brick fireplace with your own hands in a country house is a task that does not pose a huge challenge for an owner with ingenuity. The costs of a brick portal and chimney due to the material will not be high, especially compared to granite, marble and other exclusive minerals. Cement mortar for masonry, the necessary tools are also not very expensive.
Before you make your own fireplace for your dacha, you need to choose its design and shape, and also decide on the size of the firebox, chimney and portal.
A simple fireplace, depending on its location, can be wall-mounted or corner-mounted. Its parameters are determined based on the area of the heated room: it is divided by 100 - the result is the optimal firebox area. The width of the combustion hole should be 1.5-2 times greater than the depth and approximately 1.5 times less than the height. To achieve sufficient draft, the area of the smoke hole should be 10-15 times less area firebox, and the straight section of the chimney has a length of 3 to 5 m. With such proportions it is possible to achieve efficient heating rooms and safe work fireplace.
A mini-brick fireplace for a summer house is ideal for small spaces and requires a minimum amount of building materials. With a firebox size of no more than 40 x 60 cm, it can handle heating a room up to 20 square meters. m., and its height without a chimney will be approximately 1.1 - 1.2 m, width 0.5 - 0.6 m. Taking into account all the cladding with decorative protrusions and the coating of the smoke tube, the structure will require 220 - 230 standard red bricks .
The English fireplace differs from other models in having a straight chimney, one-way heat flow and a trapezoid-shaped firebox. This device allows most of the generated heat to flow into the room.
The side and rear walls of the firebox have a slight slope of about 20° and serve as a kind of reflector of heated air. The smoke collector has the shape of a pyramid, and the chimney pipe is also hidden under a layer of brick, which tapers slightly towards the ceiling. Another feature of English fireplaces is the platform-shaped base under the portal, which is made of refractory brick.
The depth of the firebox for English fireplaces is 0.4 - 0.5 m, the layer of brick should protrude from the edges of the firebox by 0.3 m, and the protrusion of the horizontal base can reach 0.5 m. For effective draft and sufficient heating of the room, it is necessary that square cross section chimney and firebox area had a ratio of 1 to 8. The exhaust pipe English version should be 3 - 5 m high. If all these conditions are met, you can achieve simple and uniform heating of the room, a beautiful flame in the hearth and the absence of harmful smoke in the room. Classic English fireplaces have a long history and will add a cozy atmosphere to any country house.
The grill fireplace is an option for outdoor use. This is a great way to arrange personal plot, where you can comfortably spend your leisure time in good weather. A fireplace with a barbecue, in addition to a woodpile and firebox, has a ledge on top on which skewers with kebabs or a grill for frying meat are placed. In addition, with such a device you can cook other dishes in a frying pan, in a saucepan, or a duck pot, and food cooked outside using natural fire is not only healthy, but will also give the family a lot of positive impressions.
The simplest barbecue fireplace without a roof is much easier to install than the option for a home, because it does not require the construction of a smoke collector and chimney - all gaseous combustion products evaporate directly into the street.
For the foundation, a concrete base is usually chosen, the thickness of which will depend on the mass of the brick structure of the future barbecue, usually it is 20 - 30 cm. The portal is most often laid out in a U-shape with a recess, inside of which there is a compartment for firewood, on top of the ceiling a firebox with a tray for coals and a place to place a grill or skewers. You can show your imagination and install more complex designs: with two fireboxes for simultaneous cooking of several dishes, with decor on top of brick made of natural or artificial stone, with a table for cutting food or a sink with tap and sink.
A country gazebo can be built with a brick frame and a fireplace, and the walls and roof are made of other materials: profiled iron, wood or plastic. This will simplify installation work and save on building materials.
There are a huge number of designs for country gazebos for the street, the most common of them:
- An open gazebo under a roof on 4 columns with brick barbecue, this option is suitable for calm, windless weather, but in case of bad weather you can build light walls from fiberglass, PVC panels or other available materials. The roof can be covered with metal or ondulin tiles, and electric lighting can even be installed inside.
- Lightweight construction of a wooden gazebo, in which brick is used only for the fireplace itself with an arch-shaped firebox. On a cool evening, you can gather a small group around the fireplace; there will be enough warmth from it. If necessary, you can equip the roof with a canopy made of lightweight polymer materials.
- Finnish gazebos have recently become widespread in our country, as they are designed for cold climates. In profile they have the shape of a regular 6- or 8-gon with closed walls and a sloping roof, from the center of which a chimney pipe emerges. They use an island fireplace made of brick, designed for both barbecuing and heating the room.
Since ordinary clay brick universal in its own way physical properties, then it can be used for both indoor and outdoor fireplaces. That part of the firebox that is in direct contact with the open fire is selected from a fire-resistant grade.
Purpose
An outdoor fireplace has many designs, and every year home craftsmen come up with new ideas. Outdoor fireplaces can perform the function of heating, cooking, or combine two tasks at the same time. Models can be island or wall-mounted, if they are attached to a gazebo, an external wall of a house or stone fence. The last option is very interesting; it will save materials and construction costs if the site already has a durable and high fence made of brick. A corner or wall fireplace with a small hood can be attached to it.
A brick country fireplace is most often made of an island type, a simple U-shaped design without high pipe chimney. For this option, it is better to pre-arrange the foundation with a concrete platform, street tiles or other durable non-flammable material. It will be convenient to place chairs for relaxation and other garden furniture. An island fireplace for a summer house can be modernized over time by adding new details, eventually building a full-fledged closed gazebo heated and barbecued.
Many people use a decorative fireplace when arranging the interior, so as not to use complex systems with smoke collector, hood and fireproof materials. A false fireplace in a room can operate on the basis of an electric, gas or water heater, and skillful paintings are used to simulate flames, electric light or candles. This option will not replace the natural heat from burning wood, but it will look very impressive and will be much cheaper, since it will not require the work of an experienced stove maker.
The fireplace in the house must, first of all, ensure normal exhaust of smoke outside so that there is no strong odor and carbon monoxide in the room. Its dimensions must be calculated based on the area of the room, and materials with high thermal insulation must be used for cladding. If you plan to make a false fireplace, then use ordinary decorative brick without fire resistance.
Fireplaces for baths use mainly coal for heating and have small sizes and a simple device. They have 2 working parts: the firebox and the chimney. The difference from a traditional sauna stove is that the firebox is open and the heat for heating comes from it. Brick versions of such fireplaces are usually wall or corner. Due to the large mass of building materials, they must be installed on massive base, if the floor in the bathhouse is not thick enough, then you need to take care of an additional foundation for the stove.
Fireplace design
A home fireplace consists of 4 parts:
- firebox where wood is burned;
- smoke collector for a smooth transition of smoke into the chimney;
- a chimney that removes combustion products to the outside;
- portal around the firebox with decorative cladding.
Stove options may vary, but it is best to choose a trapezoidal shape of an open firebox with the inner walls at a slight angle. This will ensure the greatest efficiency of such a fireplace. A very efficient fireplace model for indoor use with an air heat exchanger. This part can be made in the form of a serpentine-shaped pipe that highlights extra heat. Therefore, there is no need to maintain a constant open fire to bring hot air into the room.
Outdoor fireplaces with inserts can have chimneys, barbecues, ovens, metal burners and even a roof for cooking in the rain. Their design depends only on the imagination and capabilities of the owner. There are interesting models of fireplaces with a bread maker, a wood burner or several fireboxes.
Materials
For the installation of fireplaces, red bricks made of clay or ceramics, plastic molding or pressing are mainly chosen. The latter option is less durable, especially under high thermal loads, since it contains many pores. But ceramic bricks, obtained by plastic molding, have a smooth and durable surface and are no less strong inside.
There are 3 types of bricks for indoor and outdoor fireplaces. Ordinary construction facing brick designed for internal layers of masonry that are not visible. It does not need protection from open flames and a smooth, beautiful surface, which is why it is the cheapest. In the manufacture of refractory bricks, workpieces made from fireclay or quartz are pressed and fired at high temperatures. Such building materials are installed in places of contact with open fire, i.e. in the firebox and smoke collector. Facing and shaped bricks for decoration have a smooth, uniform surface with different colors, textures or shine.
For masonry, mortars are used, which include cement, sand, water, and sometimes chemical fillers for heat resistance. So as not to count on yourself the right combination components for building a furnace, you can purchase special dry building mixtures, which only need to be diluted with water and stirred before use.
In addition to bricks and binder mortar, when building fireplaces they use metal parts for fireplace grate, heat exchanger, chimney, barbecue and coal trays.
With or without foundation
Arrangement of the foundation for the fireplace is best done during the construction of the building itself. But if the house has already been built, then the floor is cut out and a base of concrete or brick is made under the fireplace façade. Depending on the size of the fireplace, the foundation is deepened 30 - 50 cm below the floor level. Fold brick base follows a solution of grade 400 or 500 cement with sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. In the case of a poured concrete foundation, wooden formwork is constructed.
A foundation for a home fireplace is not needed if it has a high brick base, such that the distance from the bottom of the firebox to the floor is at least 0.3 m. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the floor structure can withstand the existing weight of the stove and chimney. False fireplaces also do not require a foundation.
An outdoor fireplace in any version must be erected on a concrete base of at least 20 - 30 cm so that the structure is stable in the garden soil.
Order schemes
The order diagram of the fireplace contains drawings of the location of the bricks from the lowest to the top row. There can be several images; they contain orders from different sides. With the help of ready-made projects of such drawings you can with my own hands to assemble the stove correctly, the builder is only required to lay the bricks according to horizontal level and add solution. Ready-made schemes rows allow you to immediately calculate the required amount of building materials.
Masonry
If the owner suburban area does not have experience in laying bricks for a fireplace, then he will be helped to build a structure from scratch step by step instructions. There are many variations of such plans, but they all have approximately the same structure. Homemade hand masonry lesson or outdoor fireplace usually consists of 5 - 7 stages, each of which describes the installation of 2 - 3 rows of bricks and its features. Along with this, other necessary questions: how to properly reinforce a brick or concrete base, how to make a smoke collector and air heat exchanger, how to decorate the facade of a fireplace.
Basic mistakes
Experienced stove makers identify the most common mistakes when building brick fireplaces:
- incorrect proportions of the size and shape of the firebox, smoke collector, cross-section and height of the chimney and area of the heated room;
- seam width between rows is too thick or thin, incorrect combination of components concrete mortar;
- not using heat-resistant and fire-resistant bricks;
- the height of the foundation or base for the fireplace is too small;
- The dimensions of the façade and decorative parts are incorrectly calculated, the rows and decorative parts are not installed level, the bricks must be laid with the utmost care and professionalism.
In addition, there are operational errors immediately after construction. Many people do not know how many days after laying a fireplace they can light a fireplace. Full combustion can be done only after 2 - 4 weeks.
Before this, forced drying is carried out: a small amount of dry firewood is heated every day. Start with 2 kg, increasing the weight by 1 kg every 2 days.
A fireplace brings coziness and comfort to any home. That is why many try to arrange this element in one of the rooms. Some people make do with electric or bio-fireplaces, but no device can replace a live fire with a real captivating crackling sound and playing flames. Some are looking for a good stove maker to build this structure, and some want to try own strength. Therefore, the question arises of how to build a fireplace with your own hands.
A beautifully constructed and finished portal and the chosen shape of the fireplace are important for the interior of the room, because it can and should become its main element, to which all the decoration of the room and furniture will be matched. Harmoniously combined materials and elements that organically unite all fireplace accessories will make the room comfortable for the residents of the house.
If you do not have sufficient experience in such work, the best option there will be a fireplace that does not have complex internal structures, with a simple shape and diagram. Having assessed your strengths, you can begin preparing the construction process.
The first thing you need to do is choose a place to install such a brick structure. If the house already has a chimney, it is best to tie the building to this place, but you can choose another site convenient for the owner for the fireplace, but then you will also have to build a chimney pipe that goes through the roof or wall.
Having decided on the installation location, you need to take one of the important steps - choose a structure model. There are five types of fireplaces, and if you have experience as a stove maker and a suitable location, then any of them will do. But if you have never done such a thing, then you need to choose a simpler procedure. So, types of fireplaces:
- attached to the wall;
- built into the wall;
- free-standing;
- double-sided free-standing;
- angular.
It should also be noted that the fireplace can have a brick firebox, or you can purchase and install a cast iron firebox with or without doors.
Attached fireplace
This is the most popular model of all existing ones. She may have absolutely simple diagram order or more complex, with additional functions. This type of fireplace is built next to the wall, and its chimney, passing through the ceiling and roof, is led out onto the street. The fireplace can have either a brick or cast iron firebox, as well as different external finishes.
In this case, a building is presented with a cast-iron, low-mounted firebox with doors made of fire-resistant glass. The fireplace is finished natural stone and thanks to its rough natural structure, it is reminiscent of fireplaces in caves.
The finish goes well with natural wood, from which the walls are made, and in this case we can say that the entire furnishings are adjusted to the design of the built fireplace. The designer achieved such harmony with the help color solutions and selection of material.
Built-in fireplace
The built-in version of the fireplace differs from the attached one in that the room contains only the portal and firebox of the structure, and the chimney is built into the wall, if its width allows, or attached to it from the street side. The ordering of such a fireplace is more complex, since the chimney must be led to the rear of the firebox. Such a fireplace can also have a built-in metal firebox or be made of silicate refractory bricks.
The portal is finished with cultivated natural stone, which gives the building elegance and solidity. Warm shades of decoration add coziness and warmth.
Freestanding
A free-standing fireplace does not touch any of the walls of the house and is installed in such a way that its rear surface can be used, for example, as a shelf. This building can be walked around, i.e. and the heat from it will flow completely, both from the firebox and the back wall, into the room. This type of fireplace is installed in rooms or halls with large area- it will give the room exclusivity and monumentality.
The complexity of this design lies in the fact that finishing has to be done not only on the front and side parts of the building, but also on the back side. Otherwise, the arrangement of such a fireplace is not particularly complicated, but not every house has enough space for it.
In this case, in external design fireplace used wild stone combined with wide stone molding. The firebox of this model is open and lined with heat-resistant bricks.
Double sided fireplace
Double-sided fireplaces can be divided into two types - these are options with two fireboxes or one through one. They can stand in the middle of the room or adjoin the end side to the wall.
The first option, which has two fireboxes, can be built into the wall, and the fireboxes can extend into different rooms, and connected to one chimney.
If the fireplace has a through firebox, as shown in the photo, then it is recommended to install doors made of heat-resistant glass on both sides. When kindling, one of the doors must be closed to prevent coals from getting on flammable surfaces and objects. Pass-through fireplaces usually have cast iron inserts.
The design of both options is quite complex, and if an inexperienced master takes on the work, it is better to consult with stove makers who have been practicing this art for a long time.
Corner fireplace
Compact model corner fireplace good to settle in small spaces. Occupying a modest area and having a neat shape, this option will decorate the room and complement its interior with its appearance.
The construction of a corner fireplace is similar to the construction of a structure attached to a wall, only it has a different shape and is adjacent to not one, but two walls. In such fireplaces they are often installed metal chimneys and fireboxes.
In this case, a modestly decorated option is presented, organically integrated into the overall interior. It does not stand out with bright decoration, but is simply one of the necessary accessories of the room.
Having chosen one of the models, you need to find a scheme for its arrangement, purchase the necessary materials and get to work. A very important part of the building is its foundation - from it correct device the reliability of the entire structure will depend.
Foundation
The foundation will require high-quality materials:
- reinforcement, with a cross-section from one to one and a half centimeters, for reinforcing concrete (or instead, rubble stone can be placed in the solution);
- crushed stone, sand and cement;
- waterproofing material according to the size of the fireplace base;
- boards or a sheet of metal for formwork (if the base of the fireplace is semicircular, then it is better to use a sheet of metal to maintain the desired shape).
Having purchased everything you need, you can begin preparatory construction work.
- A pit is being dug for the foundation. Its depth will depend on the stability and type of soil and the massiveness of the building. Sometimes Half a meter is enough, but Sometimes you have to dig a hole a meter deep. You need to know that the foundation must exceed the base of the fireplace by 10-12 centimeters in each direction..
- The bottom of the pit is compacted, and crushed stone is laid on it in a layer of 8-10 centimeters.
- Formwork is placed along the edges of the pit. The foundation should be located 6-7 centimeters below the floor surface, which means the formwork is installed at this height.
- The next thing to do is install reinforcing mesh over the entire thickness of the foundation or lay the first layer of rubble stone.
- Concrete is poured in layers, each layer must set before the next one is poured.
- Last, top layer leveled and left until the concrete “ripens” completely.
- A sheet of waterproofing (roofing felt) is spread on top of the frozen foundation - the first row of fireplace masonry will be laid on it.
Wall insulation
If the walls are made of flammable material, fire insulation must be installed on them. It may consist of foil material or special drywall. These materials will protect the wood from overheating.
Materials for masonry
To lay a fireplace you will need materials, the quantity of which will depend on the chosen model:
- There are two types of bricks - red and white silicate. If you plan to lay out certain shapes, you need to purchase figured bricks so as not to waste time on processing them. Its quantity can be calculated based on the order.
Good help - figured bricks
- Ready-made dry heat-resistant mixture, which is sold in construction stores, or sand, clay and a little cement for traditional mortar,which For many years, stove makers have been making their own. But, it should be noted that making such a mixture correctly is not so easy, so it is better to use ready-made compositions.
- Finishing tiles for walls and floors.
In addition to those indicated building materials, you need to purchase metal parts:
- firebox, if you plan to install a ready-made option;
- cast iron grate, if the firebox will be laid out from sand-lime brick;
- door for the ash pan, also if provided;
- metal corner for covering the firebox;
- if you decide to make a metal chimney, you also need to purchase it in advance, providing all the dimensions.
Masonry
Wall fireplace
The laying of any fireplace occurs strictly according to the scheme of the selected model, with the obligatory verification of each row with the order. In this case, the simplest version of the fireplace is presented, which even a beginner can build if he acts carefully and carefully.
The diagram clearly shows how many bricks are required and in what position they are laid in each row of the building.
- Experienced stove makers strongly recommend, especially for beginners, to lay the entire structure of the fireplace dry in order to understand how to do it correctly and in which row the brick needs to be adjusted to size.
- The diagram is presented in three projections, and from it you can immediately calculate which a grate is laid in a row, and on which- covering the combustion chamber.
- The notes show where solid bricks are laid - they are red, and split bricks are highlighted with shading.
Based on such a clear guide, you can slowly build the fireplace.
Corner fireplace
Corner fireplace - somewhat more complicated
Corner - more difficult option, but with some effort, you can implement it if you have a detailed recommendation, for example, such as is presented in this case.
- The diagram shows from which row and in what position the sand-lime brick is laid (here it is painted yellow). This type of brick is used to decorate the fireplace insert. You can also clearly see on which row you need to lay metal sheet, install the grille and smoke damper.
- In this model, you will have to work on individual bricks - they will have to be ground, hemmed and hewed so that the shape of the fireplace is consistent, according to the diagram.
- It is also worth mentioning the seams between bricks. They should not be too thick, otherwise they may crack when dry. Therefore, when laying bricks on the mortar, they are tapped with a special rubber mallet, leaving a distance of no more than five millimeters between them.
Mantel
If facing work is planned after masonry, it is necessary to wait until the structure has completely dried, and only then begin to transform it.
Final work - finishing the erected fireplace
- The first thing they do when starting this process is to apply a special plaster to the masonry, perfectly leveling the walls. When they dry, mark them and only then begin cladding.
- Surface finishing starts from the corners. If possible, it is better to purchase special corner tiles for these areas, which will make the work easier and faster. In addition to marking on the planes of the fireplace walls, for the evenness of the rows and maintaining the thickness of the seams between brick-shaped tiles, special calibration devices are used in the form of crosses or tubes of the required thickness.
- A special adhesive is used to lay the tiles. It is applied in such a way that after pressing the tile it does not protrude from the sides.
- When the glue dries, the seams are sealed with a special mixture intended for this (heat-resistant fugue). This must be done very carefully, trying not to get the solution on the surface of the tile. If this happens, it should be wiped off immediately with a soft cloth.
For greater clarity, a video about building a fireplace with your own hands
This is not to say that folding a fireplace is quite simple, and a beginner will not encounter difficulties during the work. But with a strong desire and a detailed ordering scheme, this can be done. Cladding of the structure – already more creative work, after which the building will be transformed and acquire its own “face”. This is what makes it interesting - after finishing laying the tiles, you can admire your work of art.
Building a brick fireplace in a country house or cottage is a fairly simple task and does not represent any special financial costs, since the material for construction is considered affordable in comparison with the same marble and granite. Such an element of the home’s interior is not only beautiful, but also functional. In cold weather, device owners can heat the premises without any problems, and the room is immediately filled with pleasant warmth. Such stoves are often built in gazebos on the street with open system. Sometimes water heating is diverted from street or home structures.
Where is the right place to place the stove?
Properly installing a fireplace in a house is a secondary matter. The first thing the construction stage begins with is determining the location of the future furnace. On initial stage it's important to choose optimal place, where installation will begin to ensure that heating is as efficient as possible minimum costs room area. Before laying out the fireplace, the design of the device is determined. The fireplace is:
- island;
- wall;
- built-in;
When organizing the construction of a fireplace, it is important to consider external factors impact. It is not recommended to place the stove close to a window. Otherwise, heat loss cannot be avoided. The fireplace structure must be laid and located in such a way as not to violate fire safety rules and not allow moisture from the outside to enter inside. A country fireplace or any other classic fireplace should not be a fire hazard; first of all, it is a source of heating for the house.
Materials and tools
To build a brick fireplace with your own hands, it is important to stock up required quantity raw materials and equipment. Standard list necessary materials looks like this:
For construction you will need a grate. - cleaning door;
- smoke damper;
- grate;
- ordinary sheet steel;
- stainless steel sheets;
- steel corner;
- steel wire;
- sheet asbestos;
- roofing felt;
- brick;
- clay;
- cement;
- sand.
The number of bricks and the size of the fireplace are adjusted individually depending on the wishes of the user.
Types of bricks
To build a small fireplace with a chimney, it is important to decide on the choice of bricks for the structure. Each individual type is suitable for a specific part of the oven. Classic wall-mounted fireplaces are not recommended to be made of the following types of bricks:
The building cannot be made of sand-lime brick.
- unfired ceramic;
- sand-lime brick;
- hollow;
- "pimply" Belarusian.
Among the features of bricks for stoves, it is important to take into account such parameters as frost resistance, fire resistance, and the ability to withstand high blood pressure, straight edges, smoothness. To make a regular mini-fireplace with a firebox, it is better to use the following types of bricks:
- ceramic red;
- clinker;
- facing;
- refractory.
How to prepare for building a brick fireplace?
Before looking at the drawings of brick fireplaces and starting the process, you need to prepare the materials. Besides the brick additional processing Other materials are also exposed. The clay mass must be processed, wiped, and excess impurities are removed. Before the rows are laid out, you need to soak the material and wait about 3 hours.
Construction sand to create a solution is cleared of unnecessary small stones. It is enough to pass the material through a sieve with small holes. Next, the solution itself for the oven is formed. It is important to consider the fat content of clay when choosing optimal proportion substances. The standard ratio of sand and clay mass is 1:1, sometimes 1:2.
Fireplace drawings
A correctly drawn up drawing of a building is the key to its correct operation and the absence of errors during laying. You should also pay attention to studying the furnace construction plans. Such a moment as the correct order of a brick fireplace is the basis successful work. If you do not have the appropriate knowledge and experience in installing the device, then step-by-step instructions that discuss in detail row masonry, must be studied inside and out by the employee. Do not neglect the analysis of drawings, since when the slightest mistake the operation of the future device will be incorrect, and financial costs are inevitable.
Step by step instructions
Foundation
On different stages It is important to pay maximum attention to detail when working. To be beautiful small fireplace made of stone or brick does not collapse over time, it is necessary to build a reliable, correct foundation. Construction similar design only possible if the main floors in the room were not made of reinforced concrete tiles. Scheme for constructing a simple foundation:
- At the first stage, a pit up to 60 cm deep is dug, and the projection of the fireplace is taken into account (not lower than 15 cm).
- The bottom is covered with crushed stone and compacted in a dense layer.
- After these steps, the formwork is fixed (not lower than 6 cm from the floor level), which is lined with rubble stone.
- The solution is poured in layers, upper part The base is leveled and covered with film.
For many, a fireplace is an integral part of the living room, because it is a symbol of a strong family. Today there are several options for laying a brick fireplace. For novice masons, it would be a good idea to familiarize yourself with the most the easy way How to build a fireplace with your own hands from brick. A fireplace built in this way will be ideal interior building, will warm the room in which it is located with warmth and will not smoke it.
In addition to the fact that a fireplace is a wonderful and stylish decorative addition to any interior, it can serve as a device for additional heating of a room during the cold season.
Types of fireplace systems
There are three main types of fireplace systems. These are traditional wood systems, electric and finally gas.
No matter how technologically advanced and convenient gas and electric fireplace systems may appear in the eyes of potential customers, none of them can compete with a wood-burning fireplace.
In order for the fireplace to have the best heat-reflecting ability, the walls of the firebox should be made at a slight angle; the greater the angle, the hotter it is.
After all, it is, although incredibly complex, a living heating system. The fire that sparkles from the oxygen entering the firebox and the crackling of the wood burning in it adds a drop of tenderness and a sea of romance to even the most ordinary evening. Therefore, if you want a fireplace or stove to warm not only your body, but also your soul, then you should start building a wood-burning fireplace with your own hands.
However, along with such obvious advantages, wood-burning options have a number of disadvantages. And the first of this list is that it cannot be installed in any room. Thus, the need to fold a chimney, which any stove should be equipped with, namely the stove is the progenitor of the fireplace, does not allow you to install a wood-burning fireplace system in the apartment yourself. The cost of a fireplace, if you do not make it yourself, will most likely scare you with its size, since good craftsmen, and these are the ones you need to hire if you want your structure to function normally for a long time, do not work for cheap. In this regard, the only saving option would be to fold it yourself.
Preparation of material
The brick is soaked in water for several minutes before use. This is necessary to achieve strong contact with the solution.
Must meet your wishes. During use, a fireplace or stove is exposed to very high temperatures that not every material can withstand. So, for example, if an ordinary brick can cope with these loads, then a special mortar for its laying will be required. In this structure, almost the same process occurs as in a sauna stove. Therefore, the composition of the brick laying mortar will include the following:
- clay;
- sand;
- water.
Particular attention should be paid to the choice of clay, because both its composition and, accordingly, quality can be absolutely varied. And if one type of clay is quite suitable for making some small souvenir or sculpture, then it may be completely unsuitable for mortar. There are usually several types of clay: oily, lean and normal. It is absolutely clear that normal clay is suitable. But it is almost impossible to find it in this form in nature in order to build a fireplace yourself, so you will need to mix either several types of clay or clay with sand.
Choosing clay for the kiln
If the foundation is poured with concrete, then it will be impossible to avoid the construction of formwork, since the foundation must rise 15 cm above the ground level.
Before you start mixing a large amount of solution at once, you need to make sure that it includes the correct ratio of all its ingredients. Therefore, first you will have to mix everything in miniature form. The resulting solution should be enough for you to fashion a couple of balls with a diameter of 5-7 cm.
One of the most common and easy ways to determine whether you have mixed all the necessary ingredients correctly is to simply sculpt a ball, which should be thrown onto the floor immediately after rolling. If the ball falls apart quickly, it means you added too much sand to the solution. If the ball has remained virtually unchanged, this means that the clay used in the solution is normal. And if the ball is crumpled into a cake, this means that the clay is oily. In this case, it will need to be “diluted” with sand.
Although this option is very simple, it cannot always give correct description clay, since it is quite difficult to determine whether it is oily or normal. Therefore, another method will be the most truthful. Its beginning is exactly the same as in the previous version. But now 2 balls are molded. The first one is left the same, and the second one is pressed into a cake. The molded objects are left in normal conditions for several days to dry. After you have not approached them for 2-3 days, they will probably have dried out and you can evaluate how correctly you calculated everything. First we look at how the flatbread has changed. If cracks have formed on it, this again means that there is excess sand in the clay. If there are no cracks, then most likely the clay is normal. But the same effect is observed when the clay is thin. Therefore, now you need to move on to the sculpted ball. It should be thrown on the brick floor. If the ball crumbles, it means the clay is thin. If it remains the same, then she is normal.
Fireplace and stove laying
First, select the area of the room where the indoor stove will be located. The best place would be near the end walls of the room. No less beautiful, but very difficult to implement, would be installing a fireplace in one of the corners of the room.
A fireplace placed opposite a door or window is considered a bad solution, since a draft can extinguish or, conversely, ignite the fire in the fireplace even more strongly.
Drawing and diagram
A correctly drawn up masonry scheme is half the success, because... it reflects all stages of work, which helps to avoid irreparable mistakes.
Before folding, you need to take several measurements and, of course, draw a fireplace design. With his help brickwork will turn out to be simpler. If you are in a room with an area of 15 or more square meters, then it would be correct to make the back wall of the firebox in half a brick. At the same time side walls laid out in the full width of the brick. Let's start ordering.
The first six rows will serve as the base of the firebox, so they are laid out over the entire area created fireplace. The bricks in this base are laid flat. And starting from the seventh row, at a height of more than thirty centimeters, the masonry is carried out in half a brick from the back and from the front of the fireplace, and we lay out the side walls in a whole brick.
Construction materials
Before laying, the bricks are soaked in water for 2–3 minutes to ensure closer contact with the mortar.
In order to build a fireplace or stove, you need following materials and tools:
- red brick;
- sand;
- clay;
- cement;
- crushed stone;
- smoke dampers;
- fittings;
- trowel;
- shovel;
- building level;
- lace.
Laying the foundation
The depth of the foundation pit for the fireplace depends on the number of floors of the cottage: for one-story house– 50-60 cm, for a two-story building – at least 80 cm.
Before you start laying rows of bricks, you need to lay a foundation for the masonry. In the case of a fireplace, the foundation will need to be made separate from the foundation of the house itself, even if you lay them at the same time. The width of the foundation should be 5 cm greater than the width of the planned fireplace.
The foundation involves digging a pit, the depth of which must be at least 60 cm. It is either laid out of stone or filled with concrete. But before this, a 15 cm layer of coarse crushed stone or gravel must be poured onto the bottom of the recess, which must be compacted. If your foundation is poured with concrete, then it will be impossible to avoid the construction of formwork, since the foundation must rise 15 cm above the ground level.
To create a concrete solution, you need to mix one part of cement with three parts of dry sand, after which water is added, with which everything is mixed again, preferably in a concrete mixer. The solution should not be too thick, since it needs to be poured into the dug pit quite well. To make it easier to understand exactly what the mixed solution should be, remember the consistency of liquid sour cream. The resulting concrete should be the same. After the foundation is poured, you need to let it stand for at least two days. In order for all the moisture to come out of it, which in the future should not get directly into the body of the fireplace.
