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DPT vaccination is an alternative. Doctor Komarovsky's opinion on DPT vaccination. Belgian vaccines Infanrix and Infanrix Hexa

Many mothers wonder whether to vaccinate their child. Doctors at the clinic confidently insist on the need for vaccination, and scary stories about complications are circulating on the Internet. DTP vaccination collected the largest number of such stories. As a result, more and more followers of the “anti-vaccination” fashion are appearing. As a result, diseases that have practically disappeared thanks to mass vaccination are returning and gaining strength.

When your own child appears, often the objective position gives way to anxiety and confusion for your baby. The first thing you need to do is to be critical of all information that comes from outside. The Internet is replete with heterogeneous information from both apologists and opponents of vaccination. The reality is that none of this may have anything to do with your child.

How to avoid complications after DTP

In fact, real post-vaccination complications are very rare. Most often, seals at the injection site and short-term rises in temperature are taken for them. This is a reaction to the pertussis component of the DTP vaccine. Sometimes mothers associate various neurological diseases with vaccination, which are genetic in nature and only appear over time. Such cases create a negative image, to the point that all vaccinology is the machinations of hostile forces.

What to do in this difficult situation? It is important to understand a number of points here. If you follow the traditional path and your child is observed in a public clinic, then, with very rare exceptions, you are dealing with a conveyor belt with all its inherent qualities. These include mass participation, lack of time from doctors, domestic vaccines, as well as strict regulations and plans for vaccination coverage. Most of the real post-vaccination complications are due to the fact that the child had contraindications that were missed for one reason or another.

If you trust your local pediatrician, the best option is to become his partner in all matters related to your child’s patronage. This means strict implementation of instructions, control over appointments, and attention to detail. If you are unlucky with a local pediatrician, then the best solution here will be one you trust.

How is DTP vaccination performed?

The DTP vaccine is administered in 4 doses. The first vaccination is given at 2-3 months, the second at 4-5 months, the third at six months of age, and the fourth at one and a half years. The first three doses - the primary cycle - must be administered at thirty-day intervals. A full course of vaccinations will provide stable immunity to diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus for 5-7 years.

Is it worth looking for an alternative to DPT?

It would be a good idea to increase your own awareness of medications. Before visiting a doctor, you can study the issue yourself or consult with. There are currently several alternative solutions on the market. The choice is not so wide and it is quite possible to explore all the options offered. You should only do this together with a doctor you trust. This is why we carefully select doctors and conduct our own internal examination so that you can be confident in their competence.

Consultation with a vaccination specialist

In the Doctor Smart service you can consult with a vaccination specialist, Yulia Vladimirovna Dolgova. Yulia Vladimirovna is a pediatrician with more than 10 years of experience and has extensive experience working with both children and adolescents. She will tell you in detail what vaccinations children of different ages need, what makes them special, how to prepare for them, and how the child’s body reacts to different types of drugs.

Dolgova Yulia Vladimirovna, Pediatrician

“Vaccination is the most reliable way to protect a child from dangerous infections, and by refusing it, we deliberately take risks. Parents' concerns are understandable, but most often they are due to lack of awareness. But it was thanks to vaccination that we were able to finally defeat such a dangerous disease as smallpox, and bring most other infections under control. The range of vaccines is constantly being expanded, their components are being improved, and together with a competent approach to vaccination, all this reduces the number of unwanted reactions to a minimum.”

Today, a method has been developed to “train” the immune system, in which nothing threatens the body - this is vaccination. The essence of the procedure is simple - weakened microorganisms are given to the immune system for slaughter, on which this same immunity learns to fight the “infection”. And this is where a lot of questions begin.

The fact is that vaccines are different, and so are organisms. Not every baby (after all, vaccinations are prescribed from a very early age) tolerates vaccination well, and not every vaccine is suitable for a particular child. The DPT and Pentaxim vaccinations made the most noise about this. What kind of vaccines are these, what is their difference and why there is so much talk about them - let’s figure it out in order.

The most popular among parents is the domestic DTP vaccine.. This vaccination protects against diseases that can either kill the baby or lead to irreversible consequences for his health and usefulness:

• whooping cough;
• diphtheria;
• tetanus.

The vaccine contains:

• a suspension of killed pertussis microbes;
• purified diphtheria toxoid;
• purified tetanus toxoid.

All these pathogenic microorganisms are sorbed on aluminum hydroxide gel and “float” in the preservative merthiolate, which prevents them from multiplying, but, at the same time, preserves them in the state necessary for developing immunity to them.

This vaccine has been tested by time and more than one generation, despite all its side effects, which, unfortunately, are somewhat more common than pediatricians would like. However, its effectiveness has been proven by our grandmothers and parents. But it is precisely because of these undesirable effects that today experts are persistently developing analogues of this vaccine that have fewer of these same effects.

Pentaxim

The most popular analogue is the French vaccine Pentaxim. Its spectrum of action is somewhat wider, it provides protection against the following diseases:

• whooping cough;
• tetanus;
• diphtheria;
• polio;
• hemophilus infection.

The composition of the drug Pentaxim includes:

• diphtheria toxoid;
• tetanus toxoid;
• pertussis toxoid;
• polio viruses types 1, 2 and 3;
• hematophilic infection polysaccharide combined with tetanus toxoid.

Excipients are:

• aluminum hydroxide;
• Hanks medium;
• water for injections;
• phenoxyethanol;
• formaldehyde;
• acetic acid;
• sucrose.

These substances are necessary to ensure that the vaccine elements do not multiply, but at the same time, remain in a state sufficient for an immune response. has been gaining popularity lately, and for good reason. This foreign analogue of the old DPT drug is preferred by more and more mothers, fathers and pediatricians.

DTP or Pentaxim - what's the difference?

The key difference between the two drugs described above is in the composition. The domestic vaccine gives the child protection against three diseases, while the foreign Pentaxim provides protection against five.

But the most important thing is that DTP contains, although killed, whole cells of pertussis infection, while Pentaxim contains only fragments of cells. It is the cell membrane of this “infection” that is most pathogenic, and it is to it that the body reacts most strongly.

In addition, there is a difference in price. DTP is cheaper, most often children are vaccinated with it free of charge, as part of compliance. And in most cases, parents have to buy imported Pentaxim themselves, and at a rather steep price. But is it possible to save on a child’s health? No.

Although Pentaxim has fewer side effects than the domestic vaccine, this is an advantage only in terms of parental comfort, but in terms of immunology it is rather a disadvantage, and here DPT definitely wins.

Disadvantages of Pentaxim and DTP

The main disadvantage of DPT is a whole range of side effects associated with the child’s well-being. These include:

• local reaction in the form of hardening and irritation of the area of ​​the thigh where the injection was given;
• general allergic reactions;
• increase in temperature;
• causeless prolonged crying;
• temporary paralysis of the leg into which the injection was made;
• other.

Of course, exactly the same reactions are possible when using Pentaxim, but they are much less pronounced and occur much less frequently. But it’s all about the same composition of vaccines. Yes, the cell membrane of pertussis infection is especially pathogenic; it is the one that carries with it all the side effects. Therefore, a foreign vaccine is more loyal to the child’s body in terms of undesirable effects. But this is the main drawback of Pentaxim - fewer antibodies are produced in the child’s blood, and they are much weaker in terms of effectiveness than those that the body creates when encountering DTP.

In addition, additional antigens included in the imported drug require the use of more preservatives. And although they are completely safe for the child’s health, the risk of the body reacting incorrectly to them, and not to pathogens, increases significantly.

Repeated vaccination

Many parents are concerned about at least one of the following questions:

1. Is it possible to put Pentaxim after DPT?
2. Is it possible to do regular DTP after Pentaxim?

So, you can do both, and quite calmly. In some cases, this approach is even justified:

• If after domestic vaccination the adverse reactions were too severe. No matter how much the baby suffers in the first days after DPT, revaccination should not be skipped under any circumstances. Believe me, in the event of a real illness, the child will suffer much more severely and longer. But if the reaction to a conventional vaccine is not within any framework, it is better to vaccinate again with a foreign drug, having first consulted with a doctor.
• If the child tolerated the Pentaxim vaccination very well. Now his immune system is much better prepared, so it should be able to cope with the free domestic drug without any problems. And the process of forming immunity from the three most terrible diseases will make this trick significantly cheaper.
• If you have had an allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine. Both vaccinations are interchangeable; if you are allergic to one, it is better to replace it with another, naturally, after preliminary consultation with a pediatrician.

Alternatives

It also happens that the child’s body does not tolerate both vaccinations well, or he is allergic to both types of vaccines. In this case, you should look for other alternatives, because completely refusing vaccination can have very serious consequences in the future. Some of the most common alternative drugs are:

• Infanrix;
• Hiberix;
• Tetrakok;
• Bubo Kok.

But before choosing an alternative to DPT or Pentaxim, you should definitely consult with your pediatrician. Each drug is good in its own way, but despite the similarity in composition, it is not easy, and sometimes even impossible, to predict the child’s body’s reaction to a specific vaccine.

DTP or Pentaxim - reviews from parents

Of course, you should not rely on reviews about the drug alone, but it is at least wrong to neglect the experience of parents who are familiar with at least one of the vaccines. We have collected different opinions on both vaccinations:

Alla, 31 years old:

I have two kids - one is one year old, the second is almost three. The eldest was given DPT, everything was as it should be, according to the calendar. There was a side effect. And the leg did not obey for the first day, and I had a temperature, but I would not say that everything was as critical as some parents say. But the youngest was less fortunate - the reaction to a regular vaccination did not fit into any framework at all, the temperature was below 40, he screamed for two hours without stopping, he suffered. Switched to Pentaxim. And here there were no consequences, so, as they say, who cares what.

Rita, 28 years old:

We, like all decent people, got all the vaccinations. Until it came to whooping cough-diphtheria-tetanus domestic disaster. The reviews basically scared me, I decided not to risk it and bought Pentaxim. We have already been vaccinated three times, and thank God we are all successful. The doctor just gave us an injection, we whimpered for five minutes, and we went for a walk in the park. Without fevers and all the horrors that are said about other vaccines. So I recommend it from personal experience.

Olga, 25 years old:

I don’t know what the problem with DTP is generally. The doctor and I were scared that the vaccine was difficult, and my friends tried to dissuade us. Then the pediatrician simply prescribed an anti-inflammatory drug for the baby to drink three days before the vaccination, and three days after. And at least that's it. On the first day, my girl’s leg itched a little, the injection site hurt, it was reddish. That's all. No sky-high temperatures, no torment. Of course, I won’t recommend it - maybe we were just lucky, but I don’t see the point in spending money on imported drugs.

Irina, 27 years old:

We deliberately intended to give our son Pentaxim. They found the first vaccination with grief and bought it. There were no consequences; the vaccine in this regard is very good. But for the second vaccination they simply didn’t find it, so I had to take a risk and give DPT. This is quiet horror. The temperature is 38-39, the child screams, arches, the leg does not move. Of course, we suffered through fear. But fortunately, on the third day everything went away on its own. A terrible vaccine, some kind of simple abuse of children.

Alena, 34 years old:

When I gave birth to my little one, almost no one knew about analogues of the domestic drug. They did it and endured it. Anything could happen, my girl had a fever, and her leg hurt, but, I must say, after the third revaccination everything went very calmly. For our little one, the question was already on the table, because Pentaxims, Infanrixes, and so on appeared. But, to be honest, I didn’t take any risks. We already know what to expect from DPT, and we probably got a good batch; it didn’t go beyond temperature and compaction on the stem. In general, parents must decide for themselves. Much also depends on the state of the child’s health.

Video: what is the difference between vaccines

In this video, the pediatrician talks about the domestic vaccine and its analogues - Pentaxime and Infanrix Hexa. General information is given on each injection and the features of replacing one drug with another.

The main task of the immune system is to respond to any environmental factors and maintain harmony in the body. It is this system that helps a person live in the changing conditions of our planet in symbiosis with many microorganisms, while at the same time repelling the attacks of those microbes that do not want to live in the world with us. Bacilli, in turn, do not sleep, improving their “attack” abilities in tandem with viruses. As a result, we have the fact that every day there is a war invisible to us between the defense of our body and pathogenic agents.

Everything would be fine, but some “infections” in the process of evolution have become so aggressive that no normal immune system can cope with them. And he doesn’t know about such diseases until he encounters them in direct combat. But in this case, very often it may be too late - the body will die before the immune system develops effective battle tactics. Therefore, we can really say that vaccination is necessary, vaccination is important.

Whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus are not what a child should encounter in life, believe me. Despite any stories about killer vaccines, a child should be vaccinated in any case. Whether it’s DPT, or Pentaxim, or any other vaccination, the body can react calmly, or maybe violently, it all depends solely on the individual child. The choice of drug, in any case, remains with the parents, naturally, after consultation with the pediatrician. The main thing is that at the time of vaccination the baby is healthy, then any injection will be tolerated without noticeable inconvenience.

If you have vaccinated your baby with at least one of the drugs, be sure to share your impressions in the comments. There are as many reactions to vaccination as there are organisms; your personal experience will help young mothers and fathers navigate the choice of vaccine for their baby. Easy vaccinations and healthy children!

To create immunity against these dangerous infections, a combination drug is used - adsorbed pertussis - diphtheria - tetanus vaccine - DPT. Diphtheria and tetanus are protected by neutralized toxins (which, however, retain the ability to “trigger” the body’s immune reactions) - they are called toxoids. The child’s immune system is “told” about the causative agent of whooping cough by fragments of the cell wall of the bacterium that causes whooping cough, treated with formaldehyde. DTP is a mandatory vaccination and is included in the All-Russian vaccination calendar.

Vaccination scheme

Primary vaccination complex . As already mentioned, in our country the first DPT vaccination begins at the age of three months. The choice of this particular age is related to the developmental characteristics of the child - since at this time his immune system is already ready to respond to the vaccine. The baby is waiting for an injection in the buttocks - the DTP drug is injected intramuscularly into the buttock.

The primary vaccination complex consists of three vaccinations given at intervals of 1.5 months (three-time immunization contributes to the formation of stable immunity). There is a standard set of recommendations, following which allows you to minimize the likelihood of possible complications from vaccinations. These recommendations also apply to DTP vaccination. Let us briefly remind our readers.

• Before vaccination, it is necessary to visit a pediatrician and children's specialists, primarily a neurologist (although complications after vaccination are rare, their likelihood is especially high in children with disorders of the nervous system). Immediately before vaccination, the baby must be examined by a pediatrician!
• Get your child's blood and urine tested. The test results should leave no doubt that vaccination can be done. The less time passes between receiving test results and vaccination, the better.
• Consult with your pediatrician about the advisability of prescribing a drug as a preventative measure that reduces the likelihood of developing an allergic reaction to vaccination (so-called desensitizing agents).
• If the baby has suffered from an acute respiratory viral infection, then by the time the vaccination is administered, at least 2 weeks must have passed from the day of recovery (in the case of a mild acute respiratory viral infection - low temperature, rapid recovery - it is enough if one week passes before the vaccination). In the case of an existing chronic disease of internal organs, vaccination is carried out against the background of stable (at least 4 weeks) remission, that is, the absence of symptoms of the disease. If a child suffers from allergic reactions (skin manifestations, bronchial asthma), then three days before vaccination he is prescribed desensitizing drugs, which should be taken for a week.

Over time, the number of antibodies decreases, so at the age of 18 months it is carried out revaccination (one time). Taking into account all the above periods, it becomes clear that at least 12 months pass between the last of the three vaccinations of the primary vaccination complex and revaccination. This must be taken into account if for some reason the timing of the first vaccination is shifted: in any case, the specified interval must be observed between the last vaccination of the primary vaccination complex and revaccination. In the future, several revaccinations against diphtheria and tetanus are provided (for example, at 6-7 years). The pertussis component is excluded at this age, since it is the most reactogenic, that is, capable of causing allergic reactions. The child’s mature immune system reacts “overly actively” to the introduction of microbial cells, even killed ones. Therefore, children over 3 years of age or younger, but who have had allergic reactions to the pertussis component, are injected with ADS-M (lightweight) toxoid - without the pertussis vaccine.

If during the vaccination period a child has had whooping cough, then in the future he also receives ADS or ADS-M vaccinations, since persistent immunity remains after the illness.

Adverse reactions

It is useful to know that in the first two days after DPT vaccination, some adverse reactions may occur, namely:

• increased body temperature; in case of appropriate predisposition, a sharp increase in temperature can provoke so-called febrile convulsions (usually such convulsions pass quickly and do not pose any particular danger to the child; to prevent high fever, it makes sense to give the child paracetamol 2-3 hours after vaccination);
• general malaise; soreness, redness and swelling at the injection site.

  In addition, the following are extremely rarely reported as adverse reactions:

• episodes of high-pitched screaming (squealing) within 1-3 hours after vaccination, such screaming is associated with a painful reaction to the injection;
• allergic reactions (a wide variety), mainly caused by the pertussis component of the vaccine;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Any adverse reactions must be reported to your doctor. It should also be borne in mind that the reaction to repeated injections of the vaccine (second, third vaccination of the primary vaccination complex and revaccination) may be more violent than to the first vaccination of the first vaccination.

Possible complications

It is useful for parents to know about the possible complications of DPT. Only a doctor can handle them, but it is the parents who should pay attention to the child’s unusual condition. Anaphylactic shock– an extremely rare and most dangerous complication. This condition develops a few minutes (sometimes several hours) after vaccination - which is why it is recommended to spend some time in the clinic after vaccination. If you notice that the child has suddenly turned pale (sometimes there may even be a bluish color of the skin), has become lethargic, is covered in a cold sweat, or has lost consciousness - call a doctor immediately! Afebrile(that is, without increasing the temperature) convulsions– the child loses consciousness, sometimes nods, “nods off”, and has a “stuck gaze.”

Encephalopathy and encephalitis– are much less common than afebrile seizures. In addition to seizures, they are manifested by impaired consciousness, fever, vomiting (encephalitis), etc. However, no matter how frightening the list of possible complications of DPT looks, I would like to note that complications after vaccination are much less common than complications of diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus.

When should DTP vaccination not be given?

There are situations when DPT vaccinations are contraindicated. The decision to waive vaccinations is made by the pediatrician based on an examination, the results of clinical tests, and the opinions of medical specialists.

The following conditions are contraindications:

• progressive diseases of the nervous system;
• afebrile (not associated with high temperature) seizures that have occurred in the past or febrile (that is, on the contrary, provoked by high temperature) - as a result of a previous vaccine administration;
• a strong general reaction to the previous vaccination - an increase in temperature in the first two days to 40 ° C and above;
• strong local reaction to a previous vaccination - swelling of soft tissues with a diameter of more than 5 cm or infiltration (deep compaction) with a diameter of more than 2 cm;

Before vaccinating your child, make sure there are no contraindications. Do not hesitate to ask your doctor a question if you have any unclear points or doubts. If necessary, vaccination can be done in a hospital setting or in a specialized immunization center.

Is there an alternative to the DTP vaccine?

The DTP vaccine is provided to all Russian citizens free of charge. However, those who wish can purchase imported vaccines, for example, Tetracok produced by Aventis Pasteur, France. Your baby can be vaccinated with the Tetracok vaccine at a specialized vaccination center. This vaccine is convenient to use, as it is contained in a syringe enclosed in a vacuum package and, in addition to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis components, contains inactivated polio vaccine. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly into the anterolateral thigh. Currently, new vaccines against the infections under discussion are being registered in Russia, which do not contain some particularly allergenic components of the cells of the whooping cough pathogen. The use of these vaccines will significantly reduce the number of allergic reactions.

Whooping cough

Whooping cough affects all over the world, mainly in young children (under two years of age). It is for children of this age that the disease poses the greatest danger due to the fact that after several coughing attacks typical of whooping cough, they may stop breathing (the toxins released by the bacterium that causes whooping cough affect the respiratory center). In addition, infants often develop pneumonia, other lung lesions, hemorrhages in the brain, eyes, skin and mucous membranes against the background of whooping cough; in some cases, symptoms of damage to the central nervous system are observed (in particular, convulsions, which can even lead to death or permanent brain damage – deafness, epileptic seizures, etc.). Meanwhile, upon contact with a sick person, the probability of infection is very high - 90%, while babies have no innate immunity. The bacterium that causes whooping cough affects the respiratory tract, and the route of transmission is airborne droplets. A child can encounter a pathogen almost anywhere - in a clinic, at home, at a party...

An infant with a severe form of whooping cough will face mandatory hospitalization - after all, he will need special care and constant medical monitoring of his condition - whooping cough, as mentioned above, is fraught with the development of serious complications. The effectiveness of the pertussis vaccine and the duration of its action are described in detail in this article; we only note that the vaccine is especially successful in protecting against severe forms of the disease.

Tetanus

The insidious bacillus, the causative agent of tetanus, lies in wait for us in street dust, soil, human and animal feces, etc. (the pathogen can remain viable for many years, “hiding” in the form of spores). The smallest scratch on the skin or mucous membrane is enough to provide tetanus bacilli with access to the blood. As they multiply, they secrete a toxin that penetrates the central nervous system. As a result of the action of the toxin, the sick person develops constant muscle spasm, interspersed with severe cramps. Spasms of the respiratory muscles are especially dangerous - they are the ones that most often lead to death (unfortunately, even in our time, the mortality rate from tetanus reaches 50%, and it is highest in early and old age). Spasm of the facial muscles prevents mouth opening, spasm of the sphincters prevents urination and defecation. Complications of tetanus include bone fractures (as a result of seizures and spasms), pneumonia (developing due to disruption of normal respiratory movements and congestion in the lungs), increased blood pressure, cardiac dysfunction; Coma may develop.

All these horrors cannot even be applied to children who so love to tinker with pebbles on the playground, earth and sand in the country. A child's life is unimaginable without constant scratches and abrasions. And which parent will take it upon themselves to guarantee that they will protect their child from more serious injuries? Meanwhile, tetanus toxoid, administered during prophylactic vaccination, guarantees 100 percent protection against tetanus.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a very serious infectious disease, the main manifestations of which are caused by the action of diphtheria toxin produced by the causative agent of the disease - the diphtheria bacillus. Like whooping cough, diphtheria is transmitted from a sick person (or from a carrier of a toxigenic diphtheria bacillus) to a healthy person through airborne droplets. Unvaccinated people get seriously ill, with severe intoxication of the body, severe inflammation of the throat and respiratory tract. In infants, the nasal cavity is more often affected. This disease has one more extremely unpleasant feature: it manifests itself immediately, “without warning” and in full force. Complications of diphtheria are very dangerous, the likelihood of which is high if a drug that neutralizes the effect of diphtheria toxin is not administered in time - antitoxic serum or specific antitoxic antidiphtheria human immunoglobulin. Among these complications: damage to the heart muscle (toxic myocarditis), heart failure (up to sudden death), toxic kidney damage, toxic shock, pneumonia, etc. To finally convince you of the need to protect your baby from diphtheria, here are sad statistics: the probability of death from complications of diphtheria in children under 5 years of age is 20%.

Many parents try to avoid adverse reactions to vaccination by purchasing imported DTP vaccine. Having heard about frequent manifestations of adverse reactions, modern parents, both in our country and in other CIS countries, are increasingly showing distrust of domestic manufacturers. But are imported analogues really better, more efficient and of higher quality?

Doctors strongly recommend that parents vaccinate their children. But how to avoid allergies and pain? It's always a risk. There is no way to know for sure that the drug will work. If the first injection went without complications, you should continue to buy drugs from this company. Thus, the risk of allergies will be sharply reduced.

DTP vaccines

The vaccine preparation, containing pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus components, has the combined name DTP vaccine, while imported analogues may have a different name and also contain additional components. The clinic usually offers DPT vaccinations from the domestic manufacturer NPO Microgen. It is a suspension for intramuscular injection, based on aluminum hydroxide. Contains killed pertussis virus cells plus diphtheria-tetanus toxoid.

The imported vaccine contains a purified pertussis component (anatoxin), which ensures its “gentle” effect on the body. A significant drawback of the domestic DTP drug is the content (0.01%) of merthiolate, a harmful preservative.

Large pharmacies offer Russian, Belgian and French analogues in stock, sometimes on order. These are Pentaxim, Tetrakok, Tritanrix NV, Infanrix, Bubo-Kok.

Description of analogues:

• Tritanrix NV is a DPT vaccine produced in Belgium. Its pharmacological effect on the human body is to form an immune response against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, hepatitis B. For some regions where the prevalence of hepatitis B reaches epidemic proportions, this drug has its advantage, because it replaces 2 injections.
• "Pentaxim" is an analogue of DPT, the country of origin is France. As an advantage, it contains components that form immunity against polio and Haemophilus influenzae.

• "Tetrakok" - produced in France. The vaccine contains DTP and polio vaccine. The drug, if necessary, is co-administered with the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine.
• "Infanrix" is one of the most common drugs in the post-Soviet space. Made in Belgium. It does not contain merthiolate and formaldehyde, which determines its significant advantage. The pertussis component does not contain virus cells; it is replaced by an toxoid. This is due to the absence of side effects in the post-vaccination period.
• "Bubo-Kok" is a drug of Russian origin. The manufacturer combines DPT and hepatitis B vaccine.

Tetanus adsorbed liquid DTP

It cannot be said unequivocally that an imported drug is more effective than a domestic one. However, it has been statistically proven that the DPT analog produced in Belgium and France is much easier to tolerate by the child’s body. The fundamental differences between different manufacturers are the degree of purification of its components, as well as the presence of harmful preservatives.

Parents often ask about so-called gentle vaccination methods. Instead of the usual DTP, they ask for the DPT vaccine. It is distinguished by the absence of the pertussis component, which significantly reduces the load on the immune system. A significant disadvantage of this vaccine is that it does not promote the formation of an immune response against whooping cough.

Tetanus adsorbed vaccine (TAT toxoid) is usually administered to adults during revaccination, since for children over 12 years of age the risk of contracting the pertussis virus does not pose a serious danger.

Vaccination is always done with the risk of an individual allergic reaction. Vaccination is needed to build immunity. Therefore, the idea that a child’s body should be pitied by not getting one or another vaccination is inappropriate. It is advisable to spend time and money choosing a high-quality, effective drug.

DPT vaccination price

How much the vaccine costs depends on the country of origin. Imported ones are usually more expensive. Government procurement is more focused on affordable, yet effective, domestically produced drugs. That is why cases of allergic reactions after vaccination offered by a public medical institution are much more common than in private clinics.

Each parent has the opportunity to choose where and with what vaccine to vaccinate their child.

The vaccination itself, offered by the pharmacy, costs much less than the entire range of services from a private clinic. You need to understand that the price of the clinic takes into account the work of the staff, rent of premises and other costs that ensure the operation of the institution.

There is an option to purchase the vaccine through a pharmacy, and then get an injection at the local clinic, having previously discussed all the details with the doctor.

Prices are approximately as follows:

• “Pentaxim” - the price ranges from 1050 to 1450 rubles.
• “Tetrakok” - 850–1300 rub.
• "Tritanrix" - about 1500 rub. But this drug is quite difficult to obtain for a private individual; as a rule, it is available only through commercial clinics.

• "Infanrix" - 1450–1800 rub.
• “Bubo-Kok” - approximately 1600 rub.

The price of drugs can vary significantly depending on the pharmacy's markup, as well as the manufacturer's price set for distributors.

Infanrix (infanriks): diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus

One of the most popular vaccines is Infanrix. Many have heard about its “light effect” on the body.

This is one of the Belgian-made DTP drugs. It is easily tolerated by children; the vaccine rarely causes allergic reactions. Aimed at forming a stable immune response against whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus.

Infanrix has analogs that differ in composition (providing an additional immune effect). Among them are Infanrix Hexa, Butrix Polio, Infanrix IPV. Depending on the individual needs of the child, health status, and vaccination plan, the appropriate drug is selected.

"Infanrix IPV"

By receiving one DPT vaccination with Infanrix IPV, the child receives the advantage of automatically receiving an inactivated polio vaccine. That is, there is no need to give two injections. The vaccine preparation "Infanrix IPV" contains toxoid against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, plus polio antigen.

Moreover, protection is formed against three types of polio at once. For a complete set of DTP vaccinations, 3 repeated injections are given.

In this case, IPV usually requires 2 injections, after which polio is inoculated with oral drops containing the “live virus”.

Infanrix Hexa

Infanrix Hexa is easily tolerated; the temperature rarely rises after vaccination. This is due to the content of so-called purified components in the vaccine. The DPT vaccination given with the drug "Infanrix Hexa" helps to form immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, and polio. The drug contains tetanus and diphtheria toxoid, whooping cough and polio antigens.

Vaccine "Pentaxim"

As a rule, a pronounced acute reaction to the Pentaxim vaccine is rare; its components activate the formation of immunity against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio virus, as well as diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae infection.

It is impossible to say for sure which vaccine is better than Infanrix or Pentaxim. They provide the same protection as any other DTP vaccine. The advantage of Pentaxim is provided by the content of an additional component of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide. Based on the individual needs of the child, as well as eliminating the possibility of allergies, they are vaccinated with one of the vaccines.

"Tetrakok"

"Tetrakok", like other DTP drugs, does not provide a 100% guarantee of the absence of adverse reactions. Vaccination with this drug occasionally causes complications after vaccination, such as:

• pain at the injection site;
• hyperthermia at a level of 38.5 and above;
• allergic manifestations (urticaria, itching, rash);
• rarely anaphylactic shock.

The frequency of negative reactions is insignificant. For any side effects, you should consult a doctor by phone or immediately call an ambulance. The occurrence of an allergy indicates that it is then necessary to vaccinate with another drug.

Vaccine "Bubo-Kok"

Mostly the drug contains hepatitis B antigen. Like most modern vaccines, the injection is given in the upper thigh area. It is unacceptable to administer the drug intradermally or intravenously.

The use of Bubo-Kok is especially justified in regions where common childhood diseases include whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria and hepatitis B virus.

Which vaccine is better?

Each company strives to produce a prophylactic product with maximum effectiveness, while minimizing possible risks for the child. The difference between drugs for vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria lies in the manufacturer’s pricing policy and the risk of an allergic reaction, but not its effectiveness.

Each family individually decides for itself where and with what drug to vaccinate with DTP. Whether it is a private or public clinic, medical workers are required to notify parents of all the advantages and disadvantages of the vaccine.

You can buy imported drugs, but you can get the vaccination itself for free by visiting a public clinic or on a commercial basis, paying a little more. Free vaccinations provided by the state are not inferior or of lower quality. Individual intolerance often depends on the child’s health condition.

According to pediatricians, reactions to Infanrix and Pentaxim still occur, although less often than to drugs containing preservatives or whole viral cells.

The name “adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine” or, has long become a household name. Now, for convenience, this is the name given to the entire complex of vaccinations for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. The Russian drug itself is used less and less every year: the composition, developed back in the mid-70s, is significantly inferior to modern imported analogues in effectiveness and safety. Unfortunately, domestic pharmaceuticals do not offer better analogues of the DPT drug, so you have to choose between a harmful domestic vaccine and expensive imported drugs. The arguments in favor of one or another choice are outlined in detail in this article.

A little about the DTP vaccine

The DTP vaccine and its derivatives (ADS, ADS-M, DTP - Hep and others) are produced by the state unitary enterprise NPO MIP Microgen and the commercial organization OJSC Biomed. Associations are constantly working to improve the composition, but the vaccine has changed dramatically since its creation.

Compound:

Active substances per dose (0.5 ml):

• suspension of inactivated pertussis bacterium Bordetella pertussis ~ 10 billion cells;
• diphtheria toxoid – 30 IU (international immunizing unit);
• tetanus toxoid – 60 IU;

Excipients per 50 ml:

• aluminum hydroxide – about 50 mg;
• formaldehyde – about 50 mcg;
• merthiolate – from 42 to 58 microns;

The price for a package of the drug (10 dosed ampoules) does not exceed two hundred rubles, however, state clinics at the place of residence always provide it free of charge within the time limits established by the national vaccination calendar. Release form of the drug: liquid suspension for intramuscular administration. The drug is packaged in ampoules of 5 or 10 pieces per package. The solution has the appearance of a clear or yellowish liquid with a white flocculent precipitate, which dissolves easily when shaken.

If you think that the Russian vaccine is not suitable for you, the choice of a suitable analogue must first be discussed with your doctor.

The DTP vaccine is not “live”, that is, it does not contain dangerous microorganisms: the main components are inactivated (killed) cells of the pertussis bacterium and a safe amount of toxoids of tetanus and diphtheria bacteria. The most severe harm to the body is caused by pertussis cells - without posing a danger to the body, they cause a strong defensive reaction in it. In addition to the production of antibodies to bacteria, this leads to severe fever, seizures and, rarely, allergic reactions. The toxoids of tetanus and diphtheria microbes have the same, but much less pronounced effect. Anatoxin is a component that imitates toxins released by dangerous microorganisms. It is toxins that lead to the development of tetanus and diphtheria in an infected body, so immunity is developed specifically against toxins, and not against the microorganisms themselves. Also, preservatives bring great stress to the body: formaldehyde and, especially, merthiolate. They can lead to a variety of side effects of varying severity and cause unpleasant reactions. The chance of serious and dangerous complications is extremely low, but vaccination is always a significant burden on the body, especially for children.

Manufacturers of DTP have developed a mertheriolate-free vaccine composition that is significantly less harmful. Such drugs are not supplied to government agencies; you can purchase it yourself.

The most common reactions to DTP vaccination are: fever up to 39 °C, convulsions, weakness, nausea, loss of appetite, headache. Serious complications or allergic reactions occur extremely rarely - no more than one case in about 10 thousand vaccinated people and are easily identified by preliminary examination. In more than 90% of cases, serious violations after vaccination are the result of medical error, non-compliance with vaccination rules or improper storage of the drug. With the right approach, the DTP vaccine is absolutely safe, despite the fact that it is difficult to tolerate.

Imported drugs

Not all vaccination preparations produced by foreign companies are available in Russia. Currently, four imported vaccines are available:

• Infanrix Hexa;
• Tetraxim;

The first two drugs are produced by a Belgian company, the second by a French company. The composition of the three drugs is combined in such a way that, in addition to vaccination, DPT instills immunity against other viral infections. Let's look at each drug in more detail.

The most accessible and popular alternative to the domestic vaccine on the Russian market. The price per package varies from 700 to 1200 rubles, and you can find the drug in almost every pharmacy. It is a complete analogue of higher quality: the vaccine solution does not contain merthiolate, and the anti-pertussis component is particles of bacterial cell walls. The cell-free composition and the absence of a harmful preservative ensures easy and painless vaccination, without loss of effectiveness. The probability of an immune response is 3% lower than that of DPT (95% instead of 98%), however, a scheme of three vaccinations and subsequent revaccination eliminates the difference - the result in both cases will be one hundred percent.

In contrast, all imported drugs contain only one dose of vaccine per package. This should be taken into account when planning your vaccination schedule.

Infanrix Hexa

The only difference between this drug and the previous one is the presence of an anti-hepatitis component. The use of such a vaccine is necessary only if the dates of hepatitis B vaccination and DTP vaccination coincide. In the national vaccination calendar, this is the child’s six-month age, or vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria at 18–19 years of age. In other cases, the use of the vaccine is possible for individual vaccination regimens.

Tetraxim

A much more expensive and complex drug produced in France. Like Infanrix, the vaccine is made using cell-free technology and does not contain merthiolate, which makes it completely harmless. Also, Tetraxim is combined in such a way that, in addition to diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough, it generates immunity to polio. In the Russian Federation, the time for vaccinating children against polio coincides with DTP, so using Tetraxim is very convenient: instead of 6 vaccinations of harmful DPT and live polio vaccine, you can get three vaccinations of harmless Tetraxim. Unfortunately, people with incomes significantly above average can afford vaccination with this drug - the minimum cost in the country is 1,200 rubles per dose of the drug.

The vaccine made on the basis of Tetraxim differs only in the presence of Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharides. Haemophilus influenzae infection is an extremely dangerous disease, however, the vaccination schedule provides for vaccination only for children at risk for this infection. In other cases, it is almost pointless to use the drug - the need for vaccination does not justify the minimum cost of the vaccine from 2300 rubles per package/dose. It should be added that the antihemophilic component is packaged separately and mixed with the main solution immediately before injection. If for some reason, vaccination against hemophilus influenzae is prohibited, the solutions can simply not be mixed. In this case, the vaccine will be ordinary Tetraxim.

General information

Despite the small selection of drugs, you can choose a vaccine among imported ones for any stage of vaccination and various conditions. Here are the main advantages of imported vaccines:

• significantly easier reaction after vaccination;
• the combined composition of many vaccines creates immunity to several infections;
• less chance of an allergic reaction or complications;
• drugs are packaged in disposable syringes according to dosage;
• each imported vaccine can be interchanged with other imported or domestic ones.

The only disadvantage that can be noted is the high price of the drugs. Vaccination with an imported vaccine can replace three different drugs at once, but for convenience and quality you will have to pay from 2 to 8 thousand rubles for a course of vaccination. You can get an injection in a public clinic, asking to change the drug, or in a private clinic, vaccination office. In the latter case, the quality of services and the level of attention to the client are much higher, however, the final cost will be another 30–50% higher.

The price of imported drugs in Russia is too high due to high customs duties and excise taxes on foreign medicines. However, any imported vaccine is an excellent replacement for the domestic one. To decide for yourself about the need to change the drug, consult your doctor.

ADSM vaccination - decoding and application