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Roof insulation on a roll base. How to insulate a flat roof. Inversion insulation of flat roofs

Thanks to the use of new heat and waterproofing materials, the once discredited flat roof has now found a new life. The fact is that despite the apparent simplicity of the design, its installation and subsequent operation have a lot of subtleties and nuances. Therefore, in order not to end up with a bunch of problems along with a roof over your head, you should get to know them better and try to avoid them.

The main difficulties include the difficulty of draining rain and melt water, the accumulation of snow in winter and falling leaves in autumn. In addition, bituminous materials, which are often used as waterproofing on such roofs, have a number of disadvantages. Their main defect is that at negative temperatures bitumen tends to shrink, this leads to cracking of the waterproofing layer in winter period. Water leaks through the cracks that form and the coating begins to corrode. Therefore, the owners had to spend money on repairs every two to three years, which you will agree is not very pleasant and practical.

In general, there are several device options flat roofs:

Traditional

Inversion

Heated

The device for insulating flat roofs in the classical way

The disadvantages that were listed above are mainly characteristic of the first type of roof - traditional. Insulation of a classic flat roof from the outside includes the following list of works. First of all, the insulated surface (1 - Fig. 1) is cleaned of debris and dust, and, if necessary, leveled (we’ll talk about the role of tilting a little later). At the next stage, thermal insulation is laid (2 - Fig. 1), it can be in the form of slabs, mats or rolled material. The insulation is usually attached to the concrete base of the floor using cold mastic or special glue. Depending on the region and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material, the insulation is laid in one or several layers. In the latter case, to ensure thermal uniformity of the coating, the seams are positioned “in a staggered manner.” It is recommended to use rigid materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, foam glass or polyurethane foam as thermal insulation. Unlike fiber insulation, it provides stable thermal properties and size geometry, high rigidity of the base under the roofing carpet, low weight of the coating and long service life without roof repairs, not less than the service life of the waterproofing.

The joints between laid slabs or mats are glued with construction tape; it prevents cement laitance from getting into them, which, when hardened, can serve as unnecessary cold bridges. With the thermal method, gluing the waterproofing sheet onto the thermal insulation is first applied with cement - sand screed(3 - Fig. 1), its height varies from 3 to 5 cm. To proceed to the next stage of roof insulation work, concrete surface must gain strength.

The technology for laying a waterproofing layer (4 - Fig. 1) is most often carried out using short-term exposure to high temperatures on materials made on the basis of bitumen.

You can do this yourself, having the installation instructions at hand, gas burner and minimal skills to conduct such work. To ensure the reliability of the coating, waterproofing strips are glued to each other with an overlap of 10 cm, this is enough to ensure that the joints of the roofing carpet are strong and airtight. The finishing layer is applied similarly to the waterproofing layer. For this purpose, materials are used, sprinkled with stone chips on top, which protect the previous layers from mechanical damage and climatic influences.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that when using polystyrene foam, mineral wool or, for example, polystyrene foam as insulation, we will not be able to completely prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer. Therefore, in such cases it is necessary to provide so-called vents (item 6, Fig. 2), builders call them fungi.

1 – vapor barrier; 2 – roof covering; 3 – internal drain; 4 – insulation; 5 – floor slab; 6 – vents;

They provide ventilation and help remove moisture from the roofing pie.

Inversion insulation of flat roofs

Another type of roofing that is currently becoming widespread is inversion roofs. Its structure and principle of operation follow from the name; translated from English, “inversion” means the reverse order of something. The simplest design of such a roof is the following system: waterproofing, insulation and concrete screed are alternately laid on the floor slab. Thanks to the fact that in this version waterproofing layer located in a warm zone, it is not subject to the harmful effects of temperature changes, so the period

operation of such a roof is much higher. In addition, with a more complex structure of the roofing pie, this coating can serve as the basis for laying out lawns and flower beds.

Figure 3 shows one of the options.

1 – floor slab;

2 – waterproofing;

3 – insulation;

4 – drainage layer;

5 – weight (fine crushed stone)

6 – high-strength anti-root layer;

7 – lawn grass;

Leaning

Proper execution of the base allows you to significantly extend the life of the roofing carpet, as well as simplify its operation and repair. To ensure complete drainage of water, slopes are formed on the roof. The maximum service life is achieved with base slopes of at least 1.5% and a slope in the valley between the funnels. If these requirements are met, there are no areas for stagnant water on the base, roofing material operates optimally.

To eliminate the possibility of the roofing carpet breaking when transitioning to a vertical surface, install a transition side, a fillet at an angle of 450, measuring 100 x 100 mm (Fig. 4), from a sand-cement mixture.

Internal insulation of a flat roof

Insulation of flat roofs from the inside of the room, as a rule, is carried out with an already existing and operating structure, since this is a less effective method

heat preservation. But the most significant

The disadvantage of this option is that the installation of the thermal insulation layer is carried out by reducing the height of the rooms, and this, as you understand, is not always aesthetically pleasing.

Installation from the inside of the building is quite simple and does not require special skills and knowledge; the only unpleasant thing can be called the inconvenience of carrying out the work. Before starting work, you will need to think over the room lighting system and provide output points for connection lighting fixtures. Then, retaining strips are nailed to the existing ceiling so that cells measuring 350 - 500 mm are formed. The height of the planks is selected depending on the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, which in turn is determined by the thermophysical properties of the material used and the calculated value of the required heat transfer resistance.

First, the bars are nailed along the perimeter of the room, then with the help of planks the rest of the space is divided into squares. Pre-cut thermal insulation material is inserted into the formed cells. Do not forget that when cutting soft insulation, it is necessary to provide mounting allowances of 10 - 15 mm, which will ensure installation of the workpiece by surprise. When using rigid materials, you will have to use temporary fastening to hold the insulation in the cells. This can be done 1 – roof covering; using short wooden planks or 2 holding strips; use the cord by pulling it “cross 3 – power structure; cross" along the top of the insulation in the cell. Also 4 – usable ceiling; you can resort to the gluing method, 5 – insulation; but not advisable. Temporary fastening 6 – vapor barrier layer; removed after filling the gaps 7 – finishing coating; between thermal insulation material and cell frame polyurethane foam. When expanded, it will fix the insulation in the desired position. After this, you will need to deal with the electrical wiring system; steel pipes, square or round section and brought to the required points. This work is performed after installing the thermal insulation layer. Don’t forget about the vapor barrier membrane, which will prevent moisture from getting inside the insulation. Otherwise, dampness will significantly reduce the service life of the insulation system. At the end, they are carried out Finishing work, installation of lighting fixtures and design of a new ceiling.

Insulating a flat roof is the most important task, with which you can significantly reduce heat loss and, therefore, energy costs. In addition, the heat-insulating layer prevents the formation of condensation, which allows you to significantly increase the maintenance-free operation of the roof. But that's not all! Thanks to the insulated roof, the rooms located directly below it create favorable microclimate.

• mineral wool on a basalt base (for example, Tekhnoruf 45 or Tekhnoruf 60 from the TechnoNikol company), which can be used without a protective screed.
• extruded polystyrene foam(foam) is ideal for used roofs. It perfectly absorbs sounds, but is flammable and is not recommended for insulating soft roofs.
• polyurethane foam – great option for thermal insulation of the roof. Ideally applied, non-flammable, does not form seams or gaps.
• ecowool is insulation made from cellulose and treated with fire retardants, which transform a highly flammable material into a non-flammable one. In stores and on construction markets look for Ecowool, Ecowool and Unisol brands.
• foam concrete – new material, which in its solidity and durability resembles concrete, and in structure and weight - foam. The ideal way insulate a flat roof without creating a significant load on the supporting structures.

Flat roof installation

The so-called “pie” of a flat roof consists of the following layers:

1. load-bearing base(concrete, metallic profile)
2. vapor barrier
3. heat insulating layer
4. waterproofing

Insulating a traditional roof with mineral wool is a popular method. In this case, the insulation is placed under a layer of waterproofing.

The sequence of layers may be different if it is planned to install an inversion roof. In this case, the “pie” will look like this:

1. load-bearing base
2. waterproofing membrane
3. insulation
4. layer of geotextile or other material with similar characteristics
5. layer of crushed stone
6. finishing coat

As you can see, the inversion roof is heavier than the traditional one and the insulation layer in it is located above the waterproofing layer. This roofing option is suitable for those buildings that have high requirements for fire safety. And even though the waterproofing layer on such roofs is usually made of flammable materials, the mineral wool slabs located underneath act as a kind of fire barrier. Thus, the roof structure is completely fireproof.

It is important that the installation of a flat roof - we mean insulation - is carried out taking into account the loads that may arise during operation. For example, for roofs in use, the thermal insulation layer must be thicker and stronger.

Installation of mineral wool slabs on a flat roof

The basis for the installation of basalt mineral wool slabs is either reinforced concrete structures or a metal profiled sheet. Regardless of what type of foundation the building has, a vapor barrier layer is first laid, which prevents water vapor from penetrating under the roof. If you skip this stage, then over time the mineral wool will accumulate moisture and cease to play the role of insulation, and the layer of waterproofing laid on top of it will “blister.”

For vapor barrier of a flat roof, either classic polyethylene or special weldable materials, such as bitumen and polymer bitumen, are usually used. The second option is more reliable and effective, since this vapor barrier has no seams and is very tear-resistant.

Important: the vapor barrier layer must be laid not only on horizontal surfaces, but also on vertical ones. You need to install the film or bitumen just above the level where the insulation will be located.

Laying mineral wool slabs

Insulation for a flat roof, in this case basalt slabs, is laid in one layer, but sometimes, if required by a pre-calculated thickness, builders can enhance the thermal insulation with an additional layer of thinner, but no less durable mineral wool slabs. This decision is made anyhow, but based on the geographical location of the facility, average temperature and humidity levels in winter, as well as the purpose of the building.

Mineral wool boards are very light and laying them is not difficult. The main thing is to securely fasten the slabs

To attach the slabs to the base, either telescopic dowels or bitumen are used.

The first option is more logical to use when the base is a corrugated sheet, since it is best to fasten the slabs to the iron mechanically. In addition, fastening with dowels is much cheaper even if the slabs are installed on concrete. True, dowels for concrete are a little more expensive, and it takes longer to tinker with them.

With the mechanical method of fastening mineral wool slabs, the waterproofing layer is attached in exactly the same way, that is, on dowels. In this case, you don’t have to worry about the tightness of the roof, since the wide head of the dowel cannot pierce the waterproofing.

Important: if selected mechanical method fastening mineral wool slabs, then the vapor barrier layer must be made of fused materials, because only in this case the holes formed when driving dowels into the base will be able to tighten on their own.

Gluing onto bitumen is a rather labor-intensive and expensive process, and it is recommended when laying mineral wool on a concrete base. The technology in this case is as follows: a layer of bitumen is applied to the base, and a slab is laid on top of it. The procedure is repeated until the end of the roof. If there is a need to lay a second layer of insulation, then the first layer is coated with bitumen, and the slabs are mounted “in a staggered manner,” that is, in such a way that the slabs of the upper layer overlap the joints of the slabs of the lower layer. Waterproofing is laid on top of the mineral wool on the bitumen.

Which mineral wool boards are best used for flat roofing?

Not every type of mineral wool slab is suitable for flat roofing. It is important that the insulation has such strength that it can easily withstand both loads during operation and loads during installation, because builders will walk on it. You can make a screed over the insulation layer, which will distribute the load and create a rigid and durable base for the waterproofing floor. But whatever the screed is - dry from slate or asbestos or wet - it in any case significantly makes the roof structure heavier.

A way out of this situation can be high-strength mineral wool slabs from TechnoNikol, which are manufactured using a corrugator-pre-presser that lays fibers both horizontally and vertically.

Insulation of a flat roof with extruded polystyrene foam

Let's consider another option for insulating a flat roof, which is used for thermal insulation of inversion-type roofs.

Insulation of an inversion type roof involves laying insulation on top of a waterproofing layer

Laying a waterproofing layer

The base of inversion roofs must have a slight slope to allow water to drain and smooth surface. This can be arranged using concrete screed. It is on this that the waterproofing membrane made of fused material is laid. It is installed in exactly the same way as in the case of a vapor barrier for a traditional roof, that is, with an approach to vertical walls roofs.

Installation of polystyrene foam boards

Expanded polystyrene boards are equipped with slot locks, however, to best protect them from moisture penetration, all joints must be treated with construction tape. The process of laying expanded polystyrene is very simple, the main thing to remember is that the second layer (if necessary) must be installed in a staggered manner.

Expanded polystyrene boards are large enough and so that they are not damaged during installation, the reliable hands of an assistant are needed

Arrangement of the separating layer

The next layer will be geotextiles, which will protect the lower layers of the roof from mechanical damage and contamination. On top of the geotextile, a ballast backfill of gravel or crushed stone with a thickness of at least 5 cm is carried out, and for drainage, you can use a profiled membrane laid between the geotextile and the backfill.

Laying the finishing coating

The finishing coating can also be paving slabs, and asphalt concrete, and foam concrete, and even lawn grass. In the latter case, it is necessary to lay another layer of geotextile on the crushed stone, and pour soil about 15-20 cm thick on top of it. Both perennial grasses and flower crops can be planted.

Insulating a flat roof is not an easy task, but if you complete it to perfection, you can be sure that the building will be warm and comfortable. True, for greater reliability it is also worth insulating the walls.

Flat roofs in use are becoming more and more popular every year, as the cost of housing and land rises, and this design allows for additional usable space. To install such a roof it is necessary to use special materials and adhere to special technology. We will talk about how a flat roof is installed in our article.

Flat roof technology is determined by its functional load. Therefore, first you need to determine what a serviceable roof is and how it differs from a regular one. The answer lies in the name itself - an exploitable roof can be used, that is, used as an additional usable space. Some prefer to set up mini-gardens on it, others create a recreation area with a barbecue and tables, open restaurants on flat roofs, build sports grounds, hold concerts and make car parks. What can I say - brilliant solution for a metropolis.

There are classic and inversion roofs. The difference between them is only in the order of arrangement of the thermal insulation layer inside the roofing pie. So, in the first case, the insulation is located under the waterproofing, and in the second - above it.

A serviceable flat roof is a flooring that includes all the components of the usual “pie” - vapor barrier, waterproofing, insulation and finishing coating. But in addition to this, such a roof is reinforced with a durable ceiling that can withstand serious loads. Making such a structure with your own hands is very difficult and quite expensive, but it is much simpler and cheaper than building additional living space from scratch.

Installation of an exploitable roof

The installation of a flat roof of the type in use differs from any other type of roof, and the procedure for work is determined by the type of building and the materials used.

Any roof in use consists of the following layers:

• load-bearing slab - usually reinforced concrete monolithic design, which takes on the entire load exerted by the materials lying on top, furniture and objects placed on the roof, and people on it;
• slope - a special leveling layer that provides the minimum required slope to drain water from the roof surface;
• vapor barrier - experts recommend using modern built-up bitumen products, self-adhesive films or mastics (layer thickness 1-2 mm). In this case, the vapor barrier takes on the function of temporary or backup waterproofing;
• thermal insulation - the insulation must be resistant to moisture or have minimal moisture absorption; its thickness can be at least 150 mm (preferably 200 mm). Another mandatory requirement is strength and durability. Expanded polystyrene and foam glass have proven themselves well;
• waterproofing – ensures the safety of thermal insulation and the integrity of the load-bearing slab, therefore for the protective layer it is necessary to choose only the highest quality time-tested materials;
• finishing coating - gravel or sand powder, cement screed, decking board, lawn, ceramic tiles or any other suitable material.

Roof slope

Even though the roof is called flat, it should still have a slight slope. This is a necessary measure to ensure the drainage of rainwater and melt water. Otherwise, they will linger on the surface, spoil the finish coating and render the “pie” unusable. To give the water direction and make it flow to the right place, a very small deviation is enough - from 1 to 5 degrees. It is completely imperceptible either visually or in sensations.

However, it is not enough to tilt the surface just a little; it is necessary to make a drain for the water through which it could leave the house and go outside. Funnels for flat roofs will help organize the safe removal of excess moisture.

There are several ways to create a ramp:

• use of bulk materials;
• pouring concrete with the addition of bulk materials;
• pouring concrete with polymer fillers;
• laying additional insulation.

For the first method, various bulk materials– crushed stone, expanded clay, crumbs. They are quite cheap to purchase, but installation causes many difficulties. First, a waterproofing layer is laid on the concrete base, onto which crushed stone or expanded clay is poured along a given slope. In order for the granules to maintain their position, they are watered with “cement laitance”, which acts as an adhesive. When the loose particles have set, they begin laying subsequent layers of the “pie”. However, very often “cement laitance” cannot provide reliable fixation, and the granules still roll off. As a result, the angle changes and the deflection does not meet the required parameters.

If you create a slope on a flat roof using concrete, its weight may put too much stress on the load-bearing slab, and it simply will not bear it. This option is only suitable if the arrangement of the existing roof with a concrete slope was taken into account at the building design stage.

It turns out that the first three methods are either difficult or completely impossible. Fortunately, abundance modern building materials allows you to find alternative solution, and more than one. To create a smooth and invisible roof slope, lightweight and easy-to-install materials are used: polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene foam, glass insulation, foam concrete slabs, stone wool, fiberglass, foam glass, etc. There is also a special Roof-Slope system, which involves laying stone wool blocks in a special way.

Sloping a flat roof with mineral wool or polyurethane foam boards is much easier, faster and more profitable than fiddling with expanded clay and concrete. The most important advantage of such materials is low weight with impressive rigidity. They are glued over the waterproofing with various mastics or special compounds so that the bonding strength is higher than the tensile strength of the insulation.

As for the use of foam concrete for arranging a slope, its installation will require special equipment and qualified workers. First, a layer of foam concrete is applied to the base, which is covered with a foam fiber concrete screed. Since this entails additional costs, most prefer the above-mentioned slabs, especially since the result is equally good in all cases.

Roof-Slope is special technology creating a slope of a flat roof, developed by the ROCKWOOL company. Its essence is that for each roof structure it is selected individual system, providing optimal slope and rapid water drainage. Development and calculations are fully automated, so there can be no errors. When the program has calculated all the data and produced a virtual slope model, a set of panels with the required slope is manufactured at the factory. The elements are delivered to the assembly site and assembled like a puzzle, after which they are covered with a layer liquid rubber. This service is quite expensive, but it should be taken into account that you get both de-sloping, insulation, and additional waterproofing.

The slope of a flat roof is necessary so that water does not linger on the surface and flows to a certain place, but in order to remove it from the roof, it is necessary to arrange a drainage system. Drain funnels are installed on each sector of the roof, and in the case of an inversion type of construction, the funnels must ensure the removal of moisture not only from the surface, but also from the waterproofing layer.

Roof thermal insulation

The thermal insulation layer for the roof in use must be made of durable (not soft) materials that are resistant to moisture and the pressure of the weight of the roof. The insulation must be protected with a vapor barrier to provide additional protection from moisture. When choosing film materials, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene, it should be taken into account that there will be seams between the cuts - potential risk areas. Therefore, many people prefer a built-up seamless vapor barrier made of bitumen or polybitumen.

For thermal insulation of flat roofs, stone or mineral wool in slabs, extruded polystyrene foam or foam glass. The last two materials are almost completely hydrophobic and remain dry under any circumstances, therefore they are considered the best option for laying a flat roof. The only caveat is the high cost, especially of foam glass. In the case of expanded polystyrene, it is also necessary to provide additional fire safety and protect the insulation from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Mineral wool boards do not burn and are quite cheap. However, this material needs serious protection from moisture - the slightest wetness, and the slabs cease to fulfill their purpose. In addition, mineral and stone wool do not have the necessary strength, so they need additional reinforcement. Often, a cement screed is used for this - it evenly distributes the load, provides additional protection for the slabs and provides a flat and strong base for laying the waterproofing carpet.

There are prefabricated and wet screeds. The team is made from sheets of slate or asbestos, and this is quite expensive. The wet screed looks like a classic cement-sand mortar, with which the insulation is poured. This option is much cheaper, but provides additional load on the slab and foundation. In addition, when pouring, moisture from the solution will certainly be absorbed into the insulation, so you need to lay protective layer from kraft paper or glassine. Dries wet screed for a very long time (up to 3-4 weeks), and if you try to fuse the waterproofing without waiting for it to dry completely, then bubbles will definitely appear on the surface. From all this we can draw a logical conclusion - it is better to spend money on durable insulation than to buy cheap mineral wool and make a screed.

To insulate a house with a flat roof, experts recommend using high-strength basalt mineral wool slabs. Their special production technology, which involves double fiber orientation (weaving), guarantees high rigidity and durability.

Whatever insulation you choose for your roof, it must meet the following requirements:

• do not absorb moisture;
• do not swell;
• do not rot;
• do not shrink;
• be durable;
• be durable.

Waterproofing

Particular attention should be paid to waterproofing the roof in use, since the safety of not only the roofing pie, but also the entire building, depends on its quality and installation. Regardless of whether you are building a soft flat roof or a serviceable inversion roof, the waterproofing work is the same.

If earlier roofs were covered with liquid bitumen, today preference is given to rolled fused materials, between which there are no seams (roofing felt, polymer-bitumen materials, PVC membranes, etc.). Bituminous polymer materials They are characterized by high elasticity and ease of installation. Particularly popular among them is cast asphalt, self-adhesive film and various emulsions.

Features of laying waterproofing:

Waterproofing with liquid rubber is currently considered the best and most reliable way to protect the “pie” from moisture penetration for a period of 20 years or longer. In addition to the fact that liquid rubber, after hardening, provides a solid, seamless coating, it simultaneously acts as a vapor barrier, so it is often used in cases where it is not possible to buy additional building materials. The only caveat is that to create such protection you need special equipment and skills to handle it. Application of liquid rubber should be done in calm, dry weather.
Such waterproofing is used not only to protect roofing pies, but even during the construction of swimming pools - the hardened rubber reliably retains all moisture on the surface.

Finish coating

When all components of the flat roof are installed, you can proceed to the final stage - installation of the finishing coating. When choosing it, you should start not only from the performance characteristics of the material, but also take into account your own preferences. The right coating will set the mood for the entire interior of your future outdoor area. We propose to consider the most popular materials used for finishing the roof in use.

Important: Regardless of the covering, it is necessary to install a parapet for a flat roof along the entire perimeter. It will perform a protective and decorative function. The height of the parapet depends on the purpose for which you are building a roof deck. If this is a gym with a basketball hoop or tennis court, a high net should be installed instead of a parapet.

Roof tiles

As flooring For a flat roof, you can use tiled, ceramic, marble, porcelain stoneware, granite and other durable types of slabs. The main thing is that the surface is not slippery. The tiles are placed on special plastic stands, granite crushed stone or mortar.

Plastic donut stands are quite inexpensive, but their adjustment range is limited to 15 mm, so the bend of the finish will correspond to the slope of the roof. However, experts have figured out how to eliminate this drawback - before installing the stands, they level the base with crushed stone.

Another thing is the support posts. They have a wide range of adjustment and provide a flat surface at any roof slope.

Pebbles and crushed stone for the roof

In most cases, crushed stone serves as a leveling layer on which more aesthetically pleasing material is laid. But it can also be used as a topcoat if you want to diversify landscape design or make neat paths.

When arranging plantings on a flat roof ( green roof) crushed stone is used as drainage to ensure uniform saturation of plants with water and prevent waterlogging of the soil.

Smooth stones, sharpened by a river or the sea, can be used to lay out a very beautiful surface on which it will be useful to walk barefoot. Pebbles of various colors and shades are used to create original compositions, smooth, neat paths and decorative elements.

Polymer coatings

Polymer materials for the roof in use provide a smooth, seamless surface that does not allow water to pass through and can withstand temperature changes. Depending on the composition, the characteristics and method of coating application differ. Thin coatings are applied with a brush or roller, thick coatings are poured and leveled.

Thin polymer coatings mostly colorless (transparent) and serve to create a protective film for mosaics, natural stone or tiles. They do not allow the finish coating to crack from severe frost or fade from direct sun rays and splinter from accidental blows. Such protection can last up to 20 years or longer.

Thick-layer polymer coatings are made from plexiglass. After hardening, they form a dense layer about 20 mm thick. The main advantage is that after pouring the self-leveling mixture onto the surface, the floor can be used within 2-3 hours. Average term The service life of such coating is 50 years.

Rubber tiles

Rubber tiles have proven to be reliable universal coating, which can be used both indoors and outdoors. It does not fade under the sun and is not afraid of moisture, does not sag under the weight of furniture and has a long service life.

Rubber tiles are made from recycled car tires. They are ground into crumbs and pressed under high pressure, resulting in dense, elastic and very durable “mats”. Depending on the model and purpose, the tiles can be connected to each other with special locks or laid with glue, like regular tiles.

This material is ideal for finishing used roofs, since it does not slip at all, even if it is wet with water. Since the rubber is quite elastic, although dense, it relieves the load from the legs while walking.

Terrace board

The most aesthetic type of flooring for a flat roof. The flooring is made from dense valuable wood - larch, cherry, teak, merbau, etc. This type of finish is quite expensive, but there are more a budget option– terrace board made of wood-polymer composite. Externally, it is practically no different from “noble” wood, which is why many people prefer this type of coating.

There is practically no need to care for the decking board - as a rule, rain washes away all the dirt, and if there is anything left, you can simply brush it off with a brush. Installation is also not difficult - the same supports are used for decking boards as for tiles, and the decking is installed on special fastenings(included).

Before purchasing materials, it is necessary to make an accurate calculation of the flat roof, taking into account the load-bearing capacities of the walls and foundation of the building (if it has already been built). Ideally, it is better to plan the exploitable roof at the design stage of the house itself.

A soft roof is not metal, it does not conduct heat. But just a thin layer of bitumen coating is not enough to keep the house warm. How to insulate a soft roof?

It makes sense to do a cold roof if the house is used exclusively in summer season. In other cases, a soft roof with insulation is installed.

How to insulate a soft roof?

Regardless of the type of roof (flat or pitched), it is preferable to insulate a soft roof with basalt wool. Its distinctive property is non-flammability.

This is important because:

• in the private sector wooden buildings predominate;
• the rafter system of a pitched roof is usually wooden;
• most of roll coverings For flat roofs either built-up or laid on heated bitumen.

Expanded polystyrene insulation for roofs - not the best option: all types of EPS are flammable to one degree or another and release toxic substances when burned. Also complete insulation impossible with this material!

The downside of mineral wool is its hygroscopicity. But if you use an absolutely sealed bitumen coating and install full ventilation to remove condensate, this drawback will not appear.

The advantages of basalt insulation for soft roofs include affordable price and ease of installation.

How to insulate a soft roof made of flexible tiles

When installing complex roofs (round, curved, attic), the most suitable material is flexible tiles. It is plastic and follows the contour of the base. When designing attic superstructures, installation is achieved with a minimum of waste. But insulating an attic with a roof made of soft tiles even more important than roofs with any other configuration, because due to skylights heat loss increases.

Using the example of an attic, let’s look at the structure of a roofing pie with insulation:

• top layer – tiles;
• underlay carpet;
• continuous base for covering - sheets of moisture-resistant plywood;
• sheathing, boards 10 by 2.5 cm or 7.5 by 2.5;
• counter beam 5 by 5 cm. Necessary for complete ventilation of the under-roof space, because the absolute tightness of the bitumen shingles prevents the free drainage of condensate from the house;
• windproof (aka waterproofing) membrane;
• rafters with insulation placed between them;
• if you are laying additional insulation, you need to put another 5 by 5 beam on the rafters from the inside;
• vapor barrier film;
• ceiling panels.

Installation sequence:

1. The slabs are installed between the rafters, spaced apart, close to each other.

2. Lay a hydro/windproof film on top. Adjacent strips are laid with an overlap, the joints are taped with mounting tape. Fastening - with a stapler to the rafters.

3. Stuff the counter-lattice bars lengthwise rafter legs. With this installation direction, air will move freely under the roof from the overhang to the ridge.

4. Sheathing boards are laid parallel to the ridge. The total thickness of the board with counterbeam is 10 centimeters.

5. Moisture-resistant plywood or OSB is placed on top of the board with joints spaced apart. Fastening with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

6. An underlay carpet and covering are laid on top of the plywood in accordance with the instructions for the model.

7. Install an aerator on the ridge and cover it on top with ridge tiles.

8. From the attic side they are hemmed to the rafters vapor barrier film– with an overlap, the joints are taped.

9. Sew up the attic ceiling with clapboard, boards or other material.

note

For pitched roofs, it is recommended to choose basalt insulation 15 centimeters thick, with a density of 30-40, so that the layer does not sag over time.

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Technology of rolled soft roofing with insulation

The base of a flat roof can be made of reinforced concrete slabs, thick corrugated sheets with high corrugation, wooden boards:

• corrugated sheeting should be galvanized and corrosion-resistant;
• wooden floors must be treated with antiseptics;
• on reinforced concrete slab in order to avoid its further destruction, all cracks, cavities, and irregularities must be repaired.

Procedure for assembling the pie:

1. Lay a vapor barrier membrane.

2. Lay basalt wool slabs. Fix to the base with dowels or self-tapping screws.

3. If there is a reinforced concrete slab at the base that can withstand the load of a cement-sand screed, a waterproofing film and screed 2-10 cm thick are placed on top of the insulation.

4. Lay a bitumen roof over the screed in 2-3 layers.

If the floor is wooden, it will not support the weight of the screed. In this case, it is recommended to choose polymer membrane(PVC, EPDM, PVO). A layer of geotextile is placed on top of the insulation, and a membrane is placed on it. Fastening is carried out mechanically.