Project for a bathhouse made of foam blocks, how to insulate the inside. High-quality insulation of a bathhouse made of foam blocks: technology and materials. Requirements for the material for finishing a bath made of foam blocks
The main purpose of any bathhouse is to create and maintain a constant high temperature inside it and (if it is a so-called Russian bathhouse and its analogues) the formation of water vapor in the air, which has a beneficial effect on human health, helps cleanse the body, remove toxins - and simply gives great pleasure .
If the bathhouse is built from foam blocks, then it must be insulated - this is the most important part of the measures for its proper functioning.
About foam blocks
IN Lately baths made of foam blocks have become especially popular, because a foam block is a material obtained by foaming water-based concrete or cement mortar mixed with sand and a special protein substance. It is thanks to the protein that a foam solution is formed, when it hardens, a mass is formed with a uniform distribution of tiny air bubbles inside it.
A bathhouse made of foam blocks is much more accessible to the general population due to the low cost of the material. It is quite possible for even an inexperienced person to build it.
Foam blocks are light, durable, fireproof and moisture resistant, but still a bathhouse built from them must be insulated - even despite the high strength qualities of this material.
Materials for wall insulation
Let's take a closer look at insulating materials.
Minvata
Mineral (basalt) wool is very popular and is most often used for external and internal insulation of bathhouse walls. Excellent heat retention, very durable and noise-reducing properties. This absolutely non-flammable material can withstand heating up to 1000 degrees Celsius.
Mineral wool is harmless and biologically neutral, i.e. resistant to the formation of mold and fungi.
Glass wool is inferior to basalt wool in thermal conductivity. Internal insulation The walls of the bathhouse cannot be used with it, because glass wool cannot withstand heating above 400 degrees. In addition, when this material wears out, it begins to emit bad smell, which is completely unacceptable for a bathhouse.
Jute felt is of organic origin and is very good for insulating walls both inside and outside. It retains heat perfectly, is durable, resistant to mold, and has the ability to remove excess moisture from the room.
Expanded clay is a dry heat-insulating substance consisting of light, tiny balls of baked fusible clay. Used for filling horizontal elements of a bath structure - for example, a ceiling or floor.
Expanded polystyrene (foam plastic) - ideal for external insulation of bathhouse walls made of foam blocks. Typically, external walls are covered with polystyrene foam, fixed with glue and fasteners, and then plastered (or other decorative material is used).
Vapor barrier of bath walls
The most important nuance when insulating the walls of a bath structure made of foam blocks is correct use vapor barrier layer indoors, especially in the steam room. Foiled polystyrene foam is used as a vapor barrier.
When laying heat-reflecting and vapor barrier layers between the interior wall finishing and the insulation, an air gap must be left. Interior finishing material attached to wooden sheathing– a special frame that is fixed on top of the heat reflector.
Vapor barrier polystyrene foam is applied to the wall in two layers, while its sheets are combined with each other end-to-end or overlapping, without tensioning the material. Additional sealing is provided using metal (mirror) tape.
A layer of mineral wool can be laid on top of the foil insulating layer on the internal walls of the bathhouse, which is separated from the internal decorative upholstery by a layer of waterproofing. The resulting air gap can be equipped with ventilation pipe, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture in the thickness of the wall of the bath structure.
Completion of work
When building a bathhouse from foam blocks, it is extremely important to insulate the floor. Usually the foundation itself is laid with mineral fiber mats. An air gap is also created here between the blocks, from which a ventilation pipe comes out.
From the inside, the floor of the bath structure is insulated with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene and must be equipped with a heat reflector - foil film or polystyrene foam.
The gaps between the blocks are filled with expanded clay, which allows for even more insulation of the floor and at the same time has an air gap necessary for additional ventilation.
Insulation of the walls, ceiling, roof and floor of the bathhouse is carried out according to general principles thermal insulation. All seams, joints, and cracks in the insulating material must be sealed. Window openings and doors have small sizes, and the windows are given a shape elongated in the horizontal direction. All this allows you to maintain as much constant high temperature and (if desired) humidity inside the bath.
The main task of the bath: not only create good steam, but also for a long time keep it inside. This is especially true for a material such as foam block, which without proper insulation readily gives off heat both inside and outside the room, which leads to rapid cooling.
It is noteworthy that the process of warming the bathhouse begins simultaneously with construction, from the foundation. It is recommended to use only those materials that are resistant to moisture, tolerate temperature changes well, and are difficult to break down biologically.
One of the most the best insulation materials are considered:
- Styrofoam;
- expanded clay;
- glass wool;
- basalt wool;
- jute felt.
All these materials have good thermal insulation properties, are quite easy to attach, and are resistant to various temperature conditions.
External insulation
Since the bathhouse should be good insulation, external insulation it is recommended to fasten using ventilated facade technology so that the material does not rot or mold, having normal ventilation from the outside. For these purposes, foam plastic, basalt (mineral) wool in mats, and jute felt are considered the most suitable.
How it happens fastening insulation using technology:
- It is necessary to secure small angles from the outside that form grooves for the insulation. The distance between the squares must correspond to the width of the selected material so that it can be inserted into these grooves.
- After inserting the insulation, all joints between it are covered with waterproofing material or construction tape. If required, the structure is additionally pressed with dowels. Basalt wool By the way, this is not needed. The mats themselves are elastic and hold their shape well.
- It is recommended to “cover” the entire insulation using rolled waterproofing material, which can be secured with thin slats.
- Guides for the facing material are placed on top of the structure.
If foam plastic is used as external insulation, then the thickness of the sheets should not be less than 50 mm. The main advantage of polystyrene foam is that it can be “planted” on adhesive base without resorting to complex structures.
Basalt wool has advantages the following:
- retains heat well;
- does not burn (withstands temperatures up to 1000 oC);
- harmless to health and the environment;
- durable;
- resistant to the formation of fungus and mold;
- has good noise insulation properties.
Internal insulation
When insulating a bathhouse made of foam blocks from the inside The following materials can be used:
- basalt wool;
- jute felt;
- expanded clay (for floors and ceilings, since it has a loose structure).
Floor insulation
Insulation of a bathhouse begins with the floors. There are only two options: ventilated and solid.
In the first case there is a small gap between the floorboards, in the second there is none. The advantage of a ventilated floor The problem is that water escapes through the gaps, and the boards themselves dry out faster. Disadvantage - without good insulation foundation, the bathhouse will quickly cool down, despite how well it was insulated from the outside and inside.
The advantage of a solid floor lies in the tightness of the room, and, therefore, its warmth. The disadvantage is that moisture causes the boards to rot and mold faster, since the finished floor is never treated with any chemicals.
Insulation of bathhouse walls made of foam blocks
On the walls from the inside first stuff the frame under the insulation, then attach the selected material. The advantage of jute felt in this case is that it additionally removes excess moisture from the room without holding it inside. In addition, fungi and mold do not develop in it.
After attaching the insulation, covering with waterproofing material based on foil, which reflects heat inside the room without letting it out. The final stage– wall cladding with clapboard or planed boards.
It is noteworthy that foam is rarely used for insulating the walls of a bathhouse made of foam blocks from the inside, since it is inferior in properties to mineral wool and jute felt.
Ceiling insulation is usually carried out by pouring expanded clay on top, covering it with waterproofing and facing material from the inside. When insulating the foundation and basement, foam plastic is most often used.
For a foam block bathhouse to function properly, it must support temperature indicators over a long period of time. To do this, you should seriously think about insulating a bathhouse made of foam blocks.
To select a suitable material, you should consider its characteristics according to the following criteria:
- heat exchange;
- fire resistance;
- toxicity;
- sound insulation;
- reliability.
A bathhouse made of foam blocks can only be insulated from the inside with fire-resistant bases that do not emit toxic substances or toxic odors during heating. The closest to these parameters is mineral wool. It can withstand high temperatures with a low heat loss coefficient. It has excellent strength, sound insulation and does not decompose over time.
Felt made from jute has good performance, however, it is often exposed to fungal microflora.
One of the first types of insulation was moss, because it does an excellent job of retaining heat and natural ventilation. It is capable of absorbing and releasing moisture depending on the microclimate conditions of the bath house.
There are also foil insulation materials that have a high heat saving coefficient and are completely waterproof, both outside and inside. Ideal for the floor, walls and ceiling of a room, because they are easy to install without the construction of additional structures. 
Floor insulation process
Before doing thermal insulation, you need to decide what the floor will be made of: concrete or wood. In the first case, since the technology is not simple, you should read the step-by-step instructions:
- pour the foundation;
- place a concrete slab on the foundation;
- perform waterproofing;
- lay down suitable insulation;
- reinforce the mesh and make a screed;
- lay the tiles.
Concrete floors are quite practical, but many people choose wooden floors, which are considered environmentally friendly. At correct installation and processing, the timber surface will last for a long time without being affected by fungal microflora and the process of decomposition. The scheme is similar to the concrete one, but instead of a slab, beams are installed, and timber is installed on top. The insulation is applied to the subfloor.
Warm walls
Thermal insulation of walls from the inside is carried out by mounting a frame into which thermal insulation material. Since the foam block is quite fragile, the entire load is distributed on the floor or ceiling. Insulation of the walls of the steam room from the inside is carried out according to a certain scheme:
- treat wooden beams with an antifungal agent;
- mount a frame from them;
- attach a film for waterproofing;
- install insulation;
- veneer.
Warm ceiling
Most of the heat loss occurs due to the ceiling. Expanded clay is often used to insulate the ceiling in a foam block bathhouse from the inside. It should be covered with a layer of 20 cm and lined waterproofing material. After these manipulations, it is lined with suitable raw materials.
The process of insulating a bathhouse from foam blocks from the inside with your own hands is not at all complicated. Thanks to the large number of photographs and videos on our website and construction forums, you can improve your bathhouse without much effort and expense.
Clear advantages of foam concrete and other types cellular concrete led to the massive construction of private houses, bathhouses and outbuildings. buildings made from these materials. Their thermal insulation properties are attractive, and even more so are their low cost, convenience and high installation speed, which does not require the use of heavy equipment. construction equipment. However, for some reason, not everyone thinks about how to properly insulate a house and bathhouse from foam blocks from the outside and inside, and they are faced with a lot of unpleasant consequences.
Actually, for many, the dilemma remains unresolved:
- Foam block has high thermal insulation properties, even dense ones used for the construction of walls.
- Walls built from foam blocks need protection and additional insulation.
Cellular concrete is characterized by high vapor permeability; the walls are actually blown through and also actively collect moisture. The consequences of direct contact of foam block walls with internal and external air are expressed by moistening the material, deteriorating strength and increasing thermal conductivity. Two solutions will help you avoid this:
- thermal insulation of walls;
- compliance with the rules of waterproofing and vapor permeability.
Walls must be fenced off from direct contact with the internal air in the house, which is especially true humid air in the bathhouse and no less important for residential premises. The vapor permeability of the walls should be minimal with inside and increase with each layer up to the outer boundary. Both options can be implemented correct selection insulation of foam block walls from the outside and inside. The nature and method of insulation is the same for a private house and a bathhouse, the differences are only in the nuances.
From the inside
Thermal insulation of the house from the inside is literally not required. It is necessary to erect a reliable hydrophobic barrier that can keep both moisture and vapors in the air from penetrating into the foam concrete. It is necessary to understand the low thermal capacity of foam concrete in order to increase the efficiency of the entire range of systems for maintaining the internal microclimate in the house. Based on this, the characteristics interior decoration foam concrete walls are as follows:
- low vapor permeability;
- waterproofing;
- heat shield;
- high heat capacity.
For a bathhouse, the priorities are waterproofing and heat capacity, but without compromising the remaining two characteristics. For a private home, low vapor permeability and the presence of a heat shield that can reverse most radiant thermal energy.
House
Interior wall decoration must necessarily be multi-component. There is no material that would provide all the characteristics at the same time without the help of additives or additional means.
For waterproofing, you should use an acrylic primer, which is used to impregnate the walls before plastering. This will increase the adhesion of subsequent layers of finishing and strengthen the outside of the cellular concrete.
Plastering walls made of foam blocks up to 5 cm thick immediately solves the problem of low vapor permeability and high heat capacity. Addition liquid glass or polymer additives will provide additional water protection and antiseptic properties, preventing the formation of mold or mildew.
Further finishing can be arbitrary:
- plasterboard covering;
- wallpapering;
- laying tiles;
- cladding with clapboard and other types of wall panels.
Bath
The main thing for good insulation of foam concrete walls in a bathhouse will be a material with high heat capacity.
A simple and effective option is to build an additional interior wall half a brick thick. It will not carry loads or provide structural strength. Its task is only to ensure low vapor barrier of the inner layer and heat accumulation, which will significantly increase comfort during the operation of the bathhouse.
A heat-reflecting screen is distributed between the main wall and the brick false wall. Thin penofol is suitable for this, roll material made of foamed polyethylene, covered aluminum foil or polymer composition with similar heat-reflecting properties.
All other points are similar to the previous option for a residential building:
- priming the surface of a foam concrete wall;
- primer, impregnation of a brick wall;
- plastering up to 2-3 cm;
- interior decoration.
The presence of a brick wall made of new brick can eliminate the need to plaster it if cladding is then used, for example, with clapboard or PVC panels.
Outside
The main burden lies on exterior decoration houses or baths made of foam concrete. It is necessary to completely cover the shortcomings of cellular concrete and at the same time ensure optimal characteristics the entire enclosing structure.
The best option is an insulated ventilated facade. It allows you to use insulation with low vapor permeability and reliably protect foam concrete from exposure external factors. The aesthetic appearance of a ventilated façade is also a major advantage.
The following insulation materials can be used:
- basalt wool, mineral wool;
- cellulose;
- expanded polystyrene;
- jute felt.
Materials such as polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) are absolutely not suitable, as they do not provide adequate vapor permeability, which can lead to strong moisture in the foam blocks and their rapid destruction.
The surface of the wall is treated with soil and penetrating waterproofing. On wooden sheathing or metal profile a heat insulator is installed. To protect against external factors, the insulation is protected by a membrane that covers the entire plane of the wall.
A counter-lattice is installed to form a ventilation gap. It fixes the vapor-permeable membrane and ensures free air movement. The counter-lattice beams are attached on top of the first layer, and each batten is divided into two unequal parts and mounted so that there is a gap of 10-15 cm between them. This will ensure the transverse movement of air.
Lastly, the sheathing is installed under the siding, which is a board, lining, PVC panels or metal Wall panels for ventilated facades.
Exterior insulation scheme using a ventilated façade method Mounted along the lower edge of the facade and under the roof canopy ventilation gaps. It is advisable to cover them with protective grilles to prevent rodents from penetrating into the insulating layer and damaging it.
It is also allowed to paste the walls of the house with thermal insulation followed by plastering. The main thing is to choose required thickness material.
Bath
In the case of a bathhouse, a simplified version of external insulation is allowed. The building is not always in use, and it makes no sense to equip an expensive ventilated façade. It is enough to perform wet plastering on top of the selected insulation.
Any a bathhouse built from foam blocks needs additional external finishing, since the initial aesthetic parameters of the material cannot be called outstanding. Outside, they often use plaster, artificial or natural stone. Ventilated facades are the most durable. In each of the listed options, in addition to the appearance, the insulating properties of the walls will also be improved. It should be noted that the main porous material has low thermal conductivity, which is comparable to similar parameters of wood. That is why we will next consider technologies that are used internally to further improve existing characteristics.
Insulating a bath from the inside: features of different materials
Inside such a building there are several rooms that differ in functionality and operating conditions: input block(vestibule), locker room, rest room, kitchen, shower, steam room. In each of them, excellent wall decoration is allowed so that the created interior not only pleases with its appearance, but was also durable.
To provide additional insulation Baths use layers of the following materials hidden by a decorative protective coating:
- Jute felt. The presence of a natural base is suitable for creating healthy indoor conditions. Experts note enough high density structures of jute fibers, their hygroscopicity. But it should be noted that such insulation is not easy to install. To fix it in the place where holes are drilled for fasteners, it is necessary to make special cuts, which reduces the speed of work. In some models of mats, several layers of jute are glued together using polymer films, which somewhat worsens its individual consumer parameters.
- Mineral wool. Slabs made from basalt fibers are suitable for a bathhouse. They are able to withstand extremely high temperatures, more than + 1,000°C, without destruction. Their strength and insulating properties also deserve the highest ratings. Such materials do not create favorable conditions for the life of mold and microorganisms.
- Expanded clay. This one is environmentally friendly pure material consists of large porous balls. It is used if it is necessary to insulate the floor and ceiling.
Insulation of the walls of bathhouses made of foam blocks inside: features of technological processes
To carry out the work, you can use the materials mentioned above. To ensure that the main structure is not adversely affected, it is necessary to make high-quality vapor insulation of the walls. For this, foil made of corrosion-resistant metal is used, which is installed on top of the insulation layer with a mirror layer inside the room.
Similar work to reduce the thermal conductivity of the ceiling and floor must be performed. The excellent insulating characteristics of foam blocks will be fully used if the building is equipped with modern window and door blocks. For the most efficient use of energy, revision and corresponding improvement of all equipment installed inside, ventilation and heating systems will be useful.
