Design options for fabric stretch ceilings. Fabric stretch ceilings. Let's talk about the pros and cons. Prices for suspended ceilings

Nowadays, the finishing materials market never ceases to amaze consumers with beautiful and original products. These products include spectacular stretch ceilings made of fabric. Such elements can transform the interior design and give it a unique look. Today we will talk about these interesting ceiling coverings and the subtleties of decorating different interiors with them.

What is it?

Before proceeding to a detailed examination of fabric stretch ceilings, it is worth answering the question of what they are. Fabric stretch ceiling is a canvas consisting of fabric impregnated with a special protective composition. Such coverings are fixed using reliable mechanisms at the highest point of the room. After correctly carried out installation work, a ceiling with a woven covering looks as if it had been covered with plaster or painted in one color or another.

Peculiarities

Currently, consumers very often choose stretch fabrics for ceiling finishing. Typically, these finishing coatings are made from PVC film, which can have a matte or glossy texture. However, the choice of suspended ceilings is limited not only to such options. No less attractive and fresh in different interiors woven fabrics look.

First of all, such products are distinguished by an interesting appearance. Many consumers choose woven ceilings, as with their help they can refresh the space and make it more harmonious. In addition, they can be used in the most different styles, from classic to modern.

The range of woven stretch ceilings is incredibly rich. Each buyer can choose the best option that matches the color and style of any room. In various retail outlets you will be able to find not only laconic monochromatic products, but also very original canvases with bright prints, as well as spectacular and realistic images of various formats.

As a rule, such finishing materials are of considerable size. For example, the width of the woven fabric can be 5 m. Such an element is quite large, so such ceiling coverings are more often used in spacious rooms. In addition, you can find woven ceilings not only in residential premises, but also in restaurant halls or hotel lobbies.

Fabric for this original finish manufactured on special equipment. During production, it is treated with special compounds. It is necessary to protect the material from the accumulation of dirt and dust, as well as from exposure to aggressive sunlight and temperature changes. Thanks to additional impregnations fabric ceilings are very durable and wear-resistant. They retain a presentable appearance for many years.

This type of finish can be used in rooms that are poorly heated during the winter season. Under such conditions, the ceiling will not lose its visual appeal and will not become unusable. So, you can safely use woven fabrics in the design country houses, where it is often quite cool.

It is worth noting that textile coverings are used not only for ceiling decoration, but also for wall decoration. Certainly, ceiling options are much more common.

The versatility of such materials is ensured not only by their huge range and beautiful design, but also by their special “breathable” structure. They allow air to pass through perfectly. Popular stretch films made from PVC materials cannot boast of this quality.

Another distinctive feature of suspended woven ceilings is the method of their installation. It is simpler and faster than in the case of PVC films. The whole work can take only 3-4 hours, and if the room is not very large area And simple geometry, then even less.

Pros and cons

Fabric stretch ceilings, like any other finishing materials, have their advantages and disadvantages. You should definitely familiarize yourself with them if you plan to decorate your home with such paintings.

First, let's take a closer look at the advantages of textile ceiling coverings:

  • Durability of the finish. The service life of a high-quality fabric ceiling can be 10-12 years.
  • Such ceiling coverings are not afraid of mechanical influences, such as shock or pressure. Conventional PVC films do not have such properties and can be easily torn.
  • Woven ceilings are also more convenient and practical in terms of installation. To install them you do not need to use special and complex equipment. Not needed here heat gun. Installation ceiling covering It is quite possible to do it yourself, without involving specialists.
  • Another advantage of such products is their impressive size. The width of such a ceiling often reaches 5 m, so you will only have to install one or two canvases, even if your room is very spacious. Thanks to this positive quality, woven ceilings are called seamless. Inexpensive films made from PVC materials are narrower, so in one room you have to fasten several separate films at once, which often creates unsightly seams.

  • It is impossible not to note the environmental friendliness of such products. They do not harm human health, so they are recommended for use in finishing not only by installation teams, but also by doctors.
  • Benefit similar materials lies in their hypoallergenicity. High quality ceiling made of fabric does not cause allergic reactions, therefore both doctors and consumers agreed that they can be installed in any room, including children's rooms.
  • A woven ceiling does a good job of insulating the room in which it is located. It protects the space from unnecessary noise and extraneous sounds. This effect is achieved due to the density of the material.
  • Woven ceilings are not afraid of a variety of temperature conditions (from -40 to +70 degrees). That is why this type of finishing is most often chosen for decorating country and country houses where the owners are not present all year round.

In this matter, woven ceilings are also ahead of popular PVC materials, which are subject to deformation at temperatures below +5 and above +40 degrees.

  • Over the years, unsightly wrinkles, folds and sags will not appear on the fabric ceiling.
  • This ceiling is not afraid of dampness and moisture. Fungi or mold do not appear on its surface.
  • Another advantage of woven ceilings is their fire safety. They do not support combustion and are not flammable.
  • Such ceilings are not electrified.
  • If you decide to update your decor, the textile ceiling can be repainted. Acrylic paint is suitable for this. These works can be performed up to 4 times. It is recommended to trust the painting of woven coverings to specialists.

  • With this finishing you can hide many defects. ceiling, as well as hide wires and other communication systems.
  • Textile fabric can be safely combined with other finishing materials. For example, it could be drywall, wood or ceiling panels. In addition, such ceilings look great with various lighting fixtures.
  • Many consumers believe that over time the woven ceiling will sag. In fact, this is a deep misconception, since such deformations do not occur with textile fabrics without outside intervention.
  • Fabrics do not have unpleasant or pungent odors.

As you can see, such ceiling coverings have plenty of advantages. However, they also have their weaknesses:

  • Many buyers refuse such finishing, since it is not cheap, especially when compared with popular PVC options.
  • Woven ceilings are quite easy to maintain, but if you still have to clean them, you can only use the dry method. If you use any cleaning products and ordinary water, unsightly stains will remain on the surface of the material.
  • Not all woven fabrics are moisture resistant, so you need to choose them very carefully.
  • If you do damage such a ceiling, it will no longer be possible to restore it. The only solution to this problem is to completely replace the canvas.
  • Please note that the seamlessness of such a ceiling covering will be lost if you install it in a room with a width of more than 5 m.

  • It will not be possible to save a room from flooding (rain, neighbors upstairs) with such a ceiling, despite its density.
  • This finish is not suitable for rooms with low ceilings, since it “eats” extra centimeters, going down just below the main ceiling.
  • Today, various retail outlets sell low-quality counterfeit coverings masquerading as natural fabric options. Every consumer can stumble upon such products if they do not read the relevant documentation before making a purchase. Fake canvases can be harmful to the health of household members. They often emit very unpleasant odors.

Species

There are several types of fabric stretch ceilings. Let's take a closer look at them.

Calico

Such suspended ceilings are quite common. They are distinguished by light transmission, due to which the chintz covering is often used both as an attractive decorative surface and as a kind of light diffuser in a room. With such ceiling panels, you can avoid installing a classic central chandelier. You can simply install several lamps directly above the material.

The main advantages of chintz ceilings are:

  • the ability to create an impressive light-transmitting structure with installed hidden lighting sources;
  • long service life;
  • attractive and calm shades (usually pastels);
  • absolutely flat surface with an interesting texture;
  • absence of glare and reflective effects, which often cause irritation among household members;
  • beautiful design.

However, it is worth noting that when installing chintz coverings, the height of the ceilings in the room will still decrease, despite their light and translucent appearance. Such finishing should be installed and used carefully, since it is subject to mechanical damage, which cannot be corrected later. You should not rely on chintz ceilings in cases of leaks from the upper floors.

These ceiling coverings look best in cozy bedrooms or living rooms., as they have a pleasant and calming color. Often, chintz fabrics are installed in work rooms, where their slightly rough texture looks especially appropriate.

Satin

Satin is an artificial material containing polyester fibers. Ceilings made from such raw materials are in demand among modern consumers.

They have the following positive properties:

  • perfectly hide even significant defects in the ceiling base;
  • protect the room from flooding no worse than simple PVC films;
  • suitable for areas with high humidity levels;
  • have excellent strength characteristics;
  • are not afraid of temperature changes;

  • have heat and sound insulation characteristics;
  • are manufactured with a width of 5.5 m, which allows you to install beautiful seamless fabrics in different rooms;
  • ease of installation and removal;
  • not susceptible to the formation of fungus and mold;
  • have an amazing design.

Satin ceilings do not suffer from temperature changes, but it is still not recommended to install them in low temperature conditions. In this regard, such finishing is similar to PVC coatings.

Satin fabrics are especially often installed in bedrooms., since they have a rather delicate and calm color scheme. They can also often be found in children's rooms, where there should not be too many bright and colorful colors. In combination with suitable lighting fixtures, a satin ceiling will look charming in a hall or living room. Satin ceilings can be cleaned not only dry, but also using a special cleaning agent. Never use abrasives or hard brushes, as they can damage the material.

Textured

Textured woven ceilings consist of two layers:

  • grids;
  • patterned fabrics.

Textured ceiling coverings have an unusual surface that has a slightly rough or embossed structure. Such products look very fresh and original. They can be used in almost any room, from the living room to the office.

Woven ceilings are available with the following textures:

  • matte;
  • glossy.

In simpler or classic interiors, it is recommended to use simple matte canvases. They do not attract too much attention to themselves, but they create the visual effect of a flat ceiling. Glossy options with beautiful tints will look incomparable in modern and modernist ensembles, where rich shine is never superfluous.

The texture of the fabric is often repeated by standard PVC films. In stores you can find:

  • suede-like stretch ceilings;
  • under velor;
  • under silk

Such canvases look very interesting and fashionable. At first glance, many of them are almost impossible to distinguish from natural materials, and they are not cheap. However, as a rule, they require difficult care. PVC films with imitation are also recommended to be cleaned dry, especially if they have a rough texture.

Baguettes

Installation of fabric stretch ceilings, as a rule, begins with the installation of baguettes.

There are two types of these parts:

  • clip;
  • U-shaped.

Clip-on options are the most common. They are made of durable plastic and are inexpensive. U-shaped baguettes are much less common. They do not have a long service life.

Prints

Eco-friendly fabric ceilings can be selected for any interior. For example, for a colorful setting with many decorative elements, a discreet monochromatic canvas is best suited. It can be either smooth or textured. If the interior is made in soothing colors, then you can also place a brighter woven ceiling, decorated with photo printing, interesting prints or attractive patterns. Such products are especially popular today, as they add zest to the ensemble and make it more “alive.”

The patterns on such a ceiling can have both neutral and contrasting colors. Thus, in modern interior ensembles, white canvases with large black lines and patterns look organic, and in classic settings, more neutral samples with decorations that have discreet tones.

In addition to elegant patterns and intricate lines, fabric ceilings often contain other decorative elements:

  • floral arrangements that can be located throughout the canvas, in its central part or only along the edges;
  • delicate images of birds and butterflies;
  • abstract compositions with beautiful images;
  • textured ornate weaves reminiscent of carved elements on gold or wood.

The range of woven stretch ceilings is very diverse. A suitable option can be selected for any interior. In addition, the furnishings can be made in any colors. Textile fabrics can have both quite “peaceful” and soothing colors, as well as bold and catchy colors. The main thing is to choose the right shade for your room so that it does not seem overloaded.

Design

Thanks to wide choice beautiful woven ceilings can be chosen for the interior in any stylistic direction. For a strict but elegant classic, a laconic material with a matte texture is suitable. Its color should not be too variegated and intrusive. White, cream, beige or light chocolate options are ideal.

For modern style High-tech, you can choose glossy canvases without fear. They can be either single-level or two-level structures. Install in them spotlights or pendant devices with chrome-plated housings. The best ceiling for high-tech is white, black, blue, gray and beige. Canvases can be used with geometric patterns. For a modern minimalist style, you should not purchase woven fabrics with many patterns and prints. The simpler their surface is, the better. Otherwise, you will go beyond the chosen style, because minimalism involves a minimum of patterns, designs and decorative elements.

For more elaborate ensembles in the Rococo, Art Deco or Empire style, you can choose a more original ceiling with luxurious patterns in a golden or bronze hue. Such canvases look very interesting and expensive, especially if you complement them with rich baguettes with the effect of chic stucco.

Today, a style called modern is very popular. The interior in this design must be filled with elegant and stylish elements, demonstrating a design thought out to the smallest detail. For such ensembles, it is better to choose beautiful woven ceilings with beautiful patterns that have artful weaves and sensual shapes. The pattern can be neutral or contrasting.

In fashion today Japanese style A ceiling that demonstrates the flowing texture of silk will look harmonious. You can also use simpler snow-white coatings without unnecessary details. Against their background, dark ones will look especially organic. wooden beams and guides, which are often used in Japanese style, as well as wooden chandeliers and lamps. When choosing a woven ceiling, you need to take into account not only the style of the interior, but also the immediate purpose of the room. So, in the bedroom you should install canvas in calmer and more peaceful shades. An option that is too colorful will interfere with falling asleep quickly and irritate the owners.

It is also not recommended to install overly bright and flashy paintings in a children's room., as they will negatively affect the emotional state of the child. For such conditions, a calm ceiling in a pastel shade or a delicate canvas with cute images are ideal. These could be floral prints, images of butterflies, cartoon characters or a beautiful blue sky with snow-white clouds.

Brighter and richer canvases can be used, and the living room is best suited for them. However, do not forget that in such an environment discreet furniture will look organic, otherwise the ensemble will be too colorful. For a work office, it is recommended to choose fabric ceilings that do not attract much attention and do not distract the owners from work. Matte options in beige, soft gray or cream shades are perfect for this.

These days, original woven ceilings are only gaining popularity. They are superior to inexpensive PVC films in many ways. First of all, they are distinguished from such paintings by their environmental friendliness and pleasant texture.

If you want your textile ceiling to last as long as possible, then you should familiarize yourself with useful tips from professionals:

  • It is quite possible to stretch the ceiling on your own. In this case, you do not need a heat gun, as when installing PVC films. But on the other hand, if you are afraid to deal with such work and are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the installation of the canvas to professionals.
  • Before installing the canvas, you need to decide what lighting fixtures you will use. Prepare places for their future installation in advance.
  • Handle woven fabric as carefully and carefully as possible. It is quite dense and wear-resistant, but this does not mean that it cannot be damaged.

  • Don't forget about choosing suitable moldings for woven ceilings. Without them, the interior will look unfinished, so you should not neglect these details.
  • Woven ceilings can be used in many different rooms, but the bathroom is not included in this list. Under such conditions, this finish will quickly lose its visual appeal.
  • After installing the woven fabric, you may be left with small pieces of excess material. There is no need to throw them away. Experts advise leaving them in order to check in the future what effect this or that cleaning agent will have on the material.
  • Buy stretch woven fabrics only from famous manufacturers. This way, you will save yourself from buying a low-quality product that will not last long.

  • When purchasing, ask the seller for a quality certificate.
  • Today there are a lot of low-quality fakes in stores. The first sign by which you can expose them is the edge of the material. Branded products always have markings or watermarks in these areas.
  • Be careful when choosing canvases that are too variegated or colorful. They can not be used in all interiors. Such finishing forces the owners to adhere to rigor and conciseness in the design of other details.

How to care?

The “life” of a fabric ceiling will definitely extend it correct operation. According to many manufacturers, their products have an unlimited service life. The main thing is to treat such finishing options with care. Keep in mind that textile fabrics have a surface that does not attract dust, so you will need to clean them manually from time to time using a special washing vacuum cleaner. You can also resort to wet cleaning, but do not use too much water and cleaning products, otherwise noticeable stains will remain on the ceiling.

Do not clean such ceiling coverings with too hard brushes or aggressive abrasives.

Manufacturers and reviews

Currently, there are several large and leading brands producing woven stretch ceilings. Let's get to know them better.

Descor

Descor is a German manufacturer that produces beautiful ceilings made of polyester fabric. They are treated with special varnishes and wear-resistant paint mixtures. Thanks to this preparation, branded canvases do not attract dust and are not susceptible to the formation of mold and mildew.

Also, Descor products have good strength characteristics. Consumers note the beautiful design of Descor products. However, many were upset that the woven ceilings of this company are not moisture resistant, they are difficult to care for and are expensive. Most consumers are faced with the problem of difficult cleaning of such woven fabrics, so many of them advise treating them very carefully so as not to stain them.

Clipso

This large Swiss brand produces high-quality woven ceilings, characterized by a complex weave of fibers. Clipso products are treated with polymeric substances on both sides. Today, this famous brand produces the largest number of different canvases. different designs. Consumers consider the main advantages of Clipso products to be their beautiful appearance, as they are seamless, moisture resistant, and lack of unpleasant odor, as well as fairly easy installation.

Consumers did not notice any serious disadvantages. However, some people claim that Clipso sheets are thin and fragile, so they can be easily damaged.

Cerutti

Cerutti is a well-known Italian brand that offers consumers high-quality and durable fabrics. On the reverse side they are varnished. It is necessary to protect the material from the deposition of dust and dirt. The beautiful ceilings of this brand can be used in the decoration of not only residential buildings and apartments, but also schools, universities and other public institutions.

Consumers note highest quality Cerutti branded products. They admire its beautiful design, strength, durability, quick installation and moisture resistance. People attribute high cost to the disadvantages of woven ceilings from an Italian manufacturer. The owners of this finish did not find any other shortcomings.

Beautiful examples in the interior

Based on the description above, we can conclude that beautiful woven ceilings are quite easy to install. They are often combined with a plasterboard box, creating an impressive two-level design. Such ceilings look very interesting and expensive, especially if you complement them with recessed lights around the perimeter. The colors of the box and fabric can differ sharply from each other or be made in different shades of the same color.

Woven ceilings can be installed not only in a city apartment, but also in a cozy wooden house. Discreet canvases in white, cream or beige shades look especially organic in such dwellings. Wooden floors look great against their background. Also, such ceilings are often complemented by wooden beams (dark and light), into which recessed lamps are installed. The result is a very interesting tandem.

Most often, fabric ceilings are installed in bedrooms. To effectively play up such a finishing material, designers advise choosing curtains of a suitable color. For example, a beautiful chocolate-colored ceiling fabric with a relief texture will harmonize perfectly with thick café-au-lait curtains, and the original gray-blue material with photo printing can be complemented with dark gray curtains. Such ensembles can be completed with various decorative elements: vases, wall photo gallery, flowers.

To learn how to install a fabric stretch ceiling, see the following video.

Fabric stretch ceilings are produced by processing polyester, while simultaneously impregnating it with a polyurethane composition. As a result, manufacturers were able to obtain the thinnest, but durable and waterproof cloth. Unfortunately, fabric stretch ceilings due to the complexity production process are approximately two to three times more expensive than conventional PVC films. The undoubted disadvantage of the expensive price is more than compensated by the structural advantage of the surface.

Looking at the top, any person immediately determines that above his head there is a suspended ceiling made of PVC film, leaving no compromise solutions. Fabric stretch ceilings make you think; thanks to their unique texture, the ceiling is difficult to distinguish from the outside.

The matte, textured fabric ceiling gives the impression of an absolutely flat surface. In the interior, fabric stretch ceilings look richer and receive rave reviews. Typically a fabric ceilingwe meet them in luxurious and elegant design projects.

What types of fabric stretch ceilings are there?

Fabric stretch ceilings appeared later than film ones and immediately attracted the attention of buyers. There are many reasons for this interest. Made from polymer-impregnated polyester, such ceilings have slight roughness, which allows them to look very natural.

The ceiling fabric is created by weaving, as a result of which microscopic pores appear in it, facilitating gas exchange in the room. For this reason, this type of stretch ceilings is called “breathing”.

Fabric ceilings – perfect solution for premises decorated in classic style. They will be a great addition to many other interiors. This is facilitated by the variety of colors of products of this kind, the number of which reaches 38, as well as the wide possibilities for their decoration.

The most common decorative options are artistic painting of the panel or applying a design to it using a large-format printer. Both of these methods allow you to create a unique ceiling covering that will remain unchanged for many years. The fabric ceiling itself should last at least half a century.

The image is recommended to be applied to ceilings painted in light colors. In addition to this finishing, independent painting of the tension panel 10 times is also allowed. Fabric stretch ceilings can withstand cold down to -40 degrees, so they are often installed in unheated rooms- in country and country houses.

The polyester from which the ceiling covering is made easily tolerates dampness. Condensation does not collect on it and mold does not appear. The described type of products is characterized by increased density and strength. They can hardly be damaged by either a blunt or sharp object.

Fabric ceilings are called seamless, as they are produced in rolls of large width (more than 5 m). This is enough to cover the entire surface of a standard room. The fabric ceiling canvas does not turn yellow during the operation of lighting fixtures, as happens with PVC products.

Ceiling coverings with enhanced soundproofing and antibacterial properties are available for sale. They are used in special institutions and at home. A soundproof stretch ceiling is preferable for a room with a home theater, and an antibacterial stretch fabric would be appropriate for a children's room.

Fabric stretch ceilings pros and cons

The simplest option for finishing the surfaces of floor slabs is painting with various paints. But if the surface is of poor quality, and it is not possible to straighten it only with paint, then you will have to spend a lot of effort in preparing a flat base. If you want to have a beautiful and reliable ceiling above your head, avoiding troublesome events, then a modern stretch fabric ceiling fully meets such desires.

Its design is quite simple. Durable material with a reliable edging, attached to the wall of any configuration. The fabric panel is used in various colors and configurations. Hidden installation of lighting fixtures and cable wiring with unsoldered boxes is possible.

Fabric stretch ceiling reviews

Of all types of ceiling finishing, the newest and most technologically advanced is a stretch fabric ceiling. The novelty lies in the fact that the modern version uses new high-quality materials. The fabric fabric is unique and consists of specially woven textiles with reusable PVC impregnation.

After applying the design, a durable material with a decorative design coating is obtained. The ability of the fabric to allow air to pass through prevents this design from collecting condensate. This fact makes it possible to use suspended ceilings in summer cottages with temporary residence in winter.

Fabric stretch ceilings, according to reviews from builders, can easily withstand negative temperatures without visible damage. The ideal surface of an environmentally friendly fabric ceiling, with a well-chosen pattern or color, well complements the natural landscape of a country garden.

Resistance to mechanical and thermal influences, absence of increased emissions harmful substances is the main competitive advantage of fabric fabric over PVC films. At the customer's request, it can be installed in white or with photo printing, with built-in lamps.

Taking advantage of the fabric, it can be used in children's rooms, bedrooms and medical institutions. The main producers of fabric are companies from France and Germany.


Clipso fabric ceiling bases

Clipso produces budget fabric material, while Descor specializes only in premium fabric. The production of canvases is carried out in accordance with European standards Russian standards. Descor's fabric consists of Trevira CS, a non-flammable fibre. In production, this company uses transverse and longitudinal tension control technology. The main properties of such canvases are:

  • Noise reduction;
  • Antibacterial;
  • Dirt-repellent.

Secondly, the panel of fabric ceilings overcomes the 5-meter barrier in width. The wide size ensures the installation of a seamless ceiling covering even in spacious rooms.

Thirdly, production allows us to produce both smoothly colored fabric stretch ceilings and canvas with photo printing. The patterns on fabric ceilings are soft and do not stand out with bright reflections, which largely makes them similar to plaster frescoes.

Fourth, a master with artistic skills, will be able to paint the fabric with real paints, creating his own unique ornament. Comparing this possibility with PVC film, we can confidently say that it is absolutely unsuitable for painting.

Fifthly, increased heat resistance coefficients allow install lamps that are much more powerful and brighter. There is no fear that over time a yellow spot will appear in the place where the chandelier is installed. High temperatures up to + 80°С do not deformfabric stretch ceilings and do not change the color scheme.

Installation work.

You can do the installation work yourself if you have necessary equipment (laser level, screwdriver, hammer drill, hacksaw, hammer, meter, hangers for temporary fastening of the blade and a stepladder). And the original materials for the stretch ceiling were purchased according to size (canvas, baguette (looks like a clothespin), cord, decorative tape, platform for the chandelier, punched paper tape, spatula and glue).

Installed at ceiling height. It should be 1 cm lower than the junction boxes and pipe connections, but not less than 5 cm from the ceiling, as it may create difficulties in working with a screwdriver and hammer drill.

The baguette is attached with dowels and self-tapping screws, into pre-drilled holes with a hammer drill, strictly along the line of the laser axle builder around the perimeter of the room. Baguettes can be made of PVC or aluminum. It is impossible to make molding joints at the corners of the walls. You need to measure the corners. At an internal angle, cut the baguette in half once. For external rotation, three 1 cm cuts in different directions.

Having previously removed the edges on the cuts using pliers, we perform a turn, and process the edges with a file. On the straight sides of the wall we join the molding using two dowels with self-tapping screws. If the baguettes are not aligned with each other, perform additional alignment. Pay special attention to the cable channels previously marked on the wall.

We install platforms for chandeliers and lamps before the canvas is tensioned. Fabric stretch ceilings are installed on plasterboard mounting elements secured with self-tapping screws. Having completed the preliminary work, we proceed to stretching the canvas. Having previously rolled out the finished canvas, we hang it by the corners on hangers so that the canvas is above the heads of the installers.

At the same time, on the two long sides of the room, use a spatula to tuck the edge of the canvas into the baguette lock, but do not press too hard to avoid damage. Work starts from the corners. The remainder of the canvas is cut off with a sharp knife blade. Finally, install the lamps and decorative element baguettes in the groove.

Cost of fabric stretch ceilings with installation

It is easier to order a fabric stretch ceiling from a specialized company; the average price per m2 is 2,000 rubles including labor. The decision to install a fabric stretch ceiling is a good thing, but it will entail the following financial expenses:

  • Price per sq. m of traditional cloth white will cost about 1000–1700 rubles.
  • For a canvas in color you will have to pay 1400–1950 rubles per sq. m. m.
  • For a fabric stretch ceiling with glitter you will have to fork out at the rate of 1900–2100 rubles per sq. m. m. Acoustic, noise-absorbing and light-transparent options are in the same price category.
  • The most expensive suspended ceiling made of fabric will cost the owner who plans to order an individual photo print. The manufacturer will ask you to pay 2400–2700 rubles for the work based on one square meter.

The main obstacle to widespread popularization remains the fact that fabric stretch ceilings are not cheap. The initial price and operating cost are high. Not every worker with an average salary can afford fabric stretch ceilings, but the purchase is worth it.

In the photo, fabric stretch ceilings look great. These beautiful canvases are ideal for the interior of an apartment or office. Let's figure out what distinctive features these ceiling structures have.

The photo shows fabric stretch ceilings

Distinctive properties of fabrics

Increasingly, when renovating an apartment, owners choose fabric stretch ceilings (see photo below). This is due to the fact that with the help of a fabric covering it is possible to solve many problems of the base ceiling and significantly embellish the interior of the room.

Fabric stretch ceilings appeared during the times of Ancient Egypt. True, since then the process of its manufacture has improved significantly. And the fabric stretch ceiling itself has become much better and of higher quality.

Polyester fabric is used to produce fabric ceilings. This synthetic material is impregnated with a special polymer composition, thanks to which it is possible to apply images, photographs or drawings onto fabric. Moreover, the applied pattern does not fade over time, does not fade from moisture, and is not afraid of temperature changes and washing.

As you can see in the photo, fabric stretch ceilings can imitate various textures (suede, satin, velvet, silk or satin). For festive interior design, you can use ceilings embroidered with gold and silver.

Textured fabrics

Which canvases are better: fabric or film?

Quite often, buyers doubt which fabric to choose: fabric or film. Some have a higher price, but also better performance, while others allow you to save money, but you have to be content with less attractive performance characteristics. So that you no longer get lost and doubt, we have compiled a table that will help you make a choice in one direction or another:

Characteristic Fabric sheets Film sheets
Seams No seams If you look closely you can see the seams
Noise protection Excellent good
Moisture resistance The canvas will not let water through, but stains may remain on it Flawless
Distance from the main ceiling 15 mm 40-50 mm
Hand painted Yes No
Features of care Wet cleaning without the risk of damage from sharp objects Wet cleaning, but there is a risk of damaging the canvas with a sharp object
Ecological cleanliness Ecologically pure material, can be used in children's and honey. institutions Safe for human health
Installation features No heating Requires preheating of the film with a heat gun
Price from 750 rubles per sq.m. from 450 rub. per sq.m.

The photo shows stretch ceilings with images

Advantages and disadvantages of fabric ceilings

Fabric stretch ceilings (see photo below) have many advantages over other suspended ceilings:

  1. The canvases are installed without preheating using a heat gun. This greatly simplifies installation and makes it possible to do it yourself.
  2. The coating can easily withstand low temperatures and its changes. It does not deform, does not fade and does not become brittle. All this allows you to install fabric sheets even in unheated rooms.
  3. Almost every manufacturer will give you a certificate stating that the material is non-toxic and harmless to humans. Therefore, the canvases can be used in children's and medical institutions.
  4. The classic fabric surface of a stretch ceiling does not transmit or accumulate electrical energy.
  5. The canvas does not support combustion.
  6. Light weight, light and quick to install.
  7. Fabric stretch ceilings allow air to pass through, but retain moisture, so condensation will not collect in the space behind the ceiling and the base ceilings will not become damp.
  8. The width of the fabric allows you to create large patterns without the risk of them mixing at the seams.
  9. As you can see in the photo, fabric stretch ceilings are suitable for any interior design of the room.
  10. The ceiling is not susceptible to fungi and mold.
  11. The fabric surface of the ceiling perfectly retains heat in the room and absorbs sounds.
  12. To install fabric stretch ceilings, the height of the room will need to be reduced by only 1.5 cm, while, for PVC installation films must be spaced at least 5 cm from the base ceiling.
  13. The high density of fabric sheets makes them more resistant to sharp objects than film ceilings.

The photo shows suspended ceilings in the bedroom interior

Although there are not many disadvantages to such paintings, they do exist:

  1. A more meager range of colors than film canvases.
  2. Fabric suspended ceilings (see photo) do not hold large volumes of water so well after flooding. It is possible that after a major flood they will need to be replaced.
  3. Fabrics cannot be washed with detergents.



Classification of fabrics

Fabric stretch ceilings, in comparison with canvases made of PVC film, do not have such a wide range of models. Based on surface texture, they are divided into the following types:

  • smooth;
  • textured;
  • glossy;
  • matte.

On the surface of fabric stretch ceilings with texture there is a certain relief or convex decorative elements, while smooth ceilings are a perfectly flat surface without texture. The glossy surface of the fabric ceiling resembles a canvas with shimmer. They can be colored or white. Matte canvases, unlike glossy ceilings, are often white or pastel in color.



Fabric stretch ceilings are divided into suture and seamless. As you can see in the photo, seamless versions of fabrics are more often used. However, for very large premises you will need to create a fabric with a seam.

It is important to know: if you decide to decorate a stretch fabric ceiling with a seam with a pattern, then try to order a small pattern located on only one canvas. Otherwise, it is very difficult to accurately match a picture printed on different canvases.

The characteristics of the fabric ceiling material make it an ideal basis for large-format photo printing. You can apply any image, photo or painting to your ceiling. However, the cost of such ceilings will be slightly higher than that of conventional canvases.


Fabric stretch ceilings: installation procedure

You already understand how to choose fabric stretch ceilings. In addition, numerous photos design ideas will help you decide on the ceiling design. It remains to understand the features of installing the fabric. It doesn’t matter in what interior (kitchen or living room) you are going to install the ceiling, the installation procedure is the same. To avoid the formation of folds and creases, the fabric sheets are attached to a wedge-shaped joint after they are tensioned.

The installation procedure is as follows:

  1. A baguette is installed around the perimeter of the room at a short distance from the ceiling. It is attached to both the walls and the ceiling.
  2. The fabric fabric is inserted into the baguette so that there is a margin of 5-10 cm. This margin will give us the opportunity to re-stretch the fabric, achieving ideal smoothness.
  3. The canvas is fixed in a groove built into the baguette.
  4. Next, we fasten the opposite edge of the fabric, having previously stretched the fabric tightly. This work is best done in several hands.
  5. Now we stretch and secure the canvas in the transverse direction.
  6. After the ceiling is stretched and fixed, we cut off the remaining fabric along the baguette and install a ceiling plinth that will hide all the unevenness of the trim.

In the proposed video you can learn more about the installation of fabric panels:

Advice: it is better to install fabric stretch ceilings after everything has been renovation work indoors are finished. This way you will protect the coating from dust and cleaning.


The photo shows multi-level stretch ceilings

Fabric stretch ceilings: photos of design solutions

As you can see in the photo, fabric stretch ceilings provide unlimited possibilities in home design. With the help of such canvases you can realize any of your ideas, and against their background your sofa or kitchen will sparkle with new colors. Our photo gallery will give you more clues about your space design project.



Design possibilities with fabrics:

  1. If you want to decorate your interior in a classic style and get a white, flat ceiling, then white fabric is exactly what you need. In this case, your ceiling will be as environmentally friendly as a plastered surface.
  2. Fabric stretch ceilings with photos or drawings are a special feeling of touching beauty. Only a fabric surface is ideal for creating a masterpiece.
  3. Is your home being renovated? You don’t have to remove the suspended fabric ceiling, but simply repaint it desired color. The canvas can withstand up to 5 colors.
  4. If you need to illuminate the ceiling from the space behind it, you can use a translucent canvas.
  5. You no longer need to contemplate crooked old ceilings. Stretch fabrics will give you ideal evenness and smoothness.
  6. The absence of seams on the ceiling is another plus in favor of fabric panels.





The photo shows stretch ceilings with photo printing

Prices for fabric stretch ceilings

With or without photos, the main question remains - the price. Each manufacturer has its own. We will give you the prices of the most popular manufacturers of fabric stretch fabrics in our country. Prices include installation.

Brand of fabric and its width Color scheme of the canvas and price in rubles.
white color brilliant
Descor, width 5.1 m 950 1050 1400
Clipso, width 5.1 m 1050 1200 1250
Cerutti, width 5 m 1500 1700


As you can see, fabric stretch ceilings have excellent performance characteristics. And numerous photos of interiors with them confirm their attractiveness. Therefore, we can safely say that choosing fabric canvases is the right decision.


A painful search ready-made solutions for the interior of a future house or apartment literally drives you crazy. Especially when it comes to preference for a certain type of suspended ceiling structure. But in order to do right choice, you only need to have eyes: in the photo, stretch fabric ceilings look much more advantageous in comparison with their glossy or matte counterparts, although they perfectly retain all the main technical characteristics (and by clicking on the following links you can see examples and characteristics of stretch ceilings). Attached below is an extensive collection of 50 photos with ready-made design solutions, will undoubtedly help you save your time and better imagine the variety of fabric stretch ceilings that are rapidly gaining popularity.

What's the difference?

Perhaps the most important thing is the nature of the source material. Conventional glossy and matte stretch ceilings are essentially vinyl film heated to a certain temperature. The resulting canvas is stretched along profiles that were successfully assembled in advance, and after some time it pleases the eye of the property owner who is tired of the protracted renovation.

Fabric ceilings, as can already be seen from the photo, are made of a different kind of material - special polyester fabric impregnated with a polymer composition. Terrible synthetics - you say. But no more than any other type of suspended ceilings - you can parry back. But the advantages of such tension structures become obvious even to not very well trained people.


Advantages of stretch fabric ceilings

  • seamless structure- due to the roll width of 5 meters, you can achieve the remarkable effect of a solid and perfectly smooth canvas;
  • small indentation from concrete base ceiling (15mm)- this is why such canvases are recommended for use in rooms with low ceilings; for comparison, a similar offset in the case of a glossy or matte surface is 40-50 millimeters;
  • possibility of original decoration- hand painting is easily applied to the surface of fabric ceilings, which turns each canvas into a real designer exclusive;
  • basic installation- installation does not require a heat gun, which greatly facilitates the work and helps to avoid unpleasant odors afterward;
  • breathability- it is no coincidence that such ceilings are often called “breathing”, because air circulates freely throughout the entire living space, helping to establish ideal air exchange.

Add here also excellent sound insulation qualities, the ability to retain heat in the room, immunity to sharp objects, and also very light weight - and you will get it in five minutes best option for your living space!

True, fabric tension structures also have disadvantages. Of course, quantitatively they are seriously inferior to the advantages, but still:

  • limited choice of color options
  • Compared to glossy and matte stretch ceilings, poor water retention ability in case of flooding
  • conflicting perceptions of conventional detergents

Installation

There is nothing complicated here - each step exactly repeats the algorithm familiar from working with other materials, with the only difference being that the heat gun, which is quite noisy and leaves behind an unpleasant odor, is removed as unnecessary.

  • room marking
  • installation of wall and longitudinal profiles
  • web tension
  • design of decorative elements
  • installation of lamps

In terms of choosing the latter, you are given complete carte blanche: fabric ceilings have a significant reserve of fire resistance and work well even with high-mounted mortise spots. Therefore, lighting fixtures are selected solely to suit your own taste - clearly relating the choice to the final vision of the result, of course.

Invoices

By analogy with film options, they can be like glossy - possessing a remarkable ability to shimmer in the rays of the sun, and matte - most often in classic pastel colors.

It is also worth noting fabric options with embossing - these are more complex and expensive textured solutions that allow you to create a spectacular three-dimensional image.

Even more interesting design solutions

Stretch ceilings, photos of which are given below, are distinguished by their seamless nature. This becomes especially noticeable if you are dealing with classic white. Pay attention to what a perfectly flat surface can be achieved using this type of ceiling - this is simply a paradise for a perfectionist, and that’s all!

In general, single-color designs are the most affordable. It is no coincidence that most often they can be found in interiors. modern apartments and private houses. On the white color the light did not converge like a wedge - there are more cheerful colors.

You can touch the beautiful while watching a highly artistic film, reading a heartfelt book, or while listening to music that subtly conveys emotions. And also when contemplating stretch fabric ceilings with photos and hand paintings - some of the works evoke genuine admiration.

If your room has a large area and you still have to use a seam connection to install suspended fabric ceilings, then it is advisable to place the pattern on separate canvas. This will help to avoid errors and torn lines in image transmission.

Placing full-fledged large-format photographic images on canvases will give your room a bright personality, and, depending on the nature of the picture, also the necessary atmosphere.

Another positive point the use of fabric canvases in the interior - the possibility of repainting the surface. As experts assure, any such canvas can withstand not one or two, but as many as five paintings. Want to check?

Of course, in large rooms such solutions look most impressive. Looking at the photos of stretched fabric ceilings in halls and living rooms, we can conclude that a special synergy is established between the stretched fabric and the overall interior, which directly affects the mood. Judging by the images below, it can be completely different, but the noble, so-called thoroughbred appearance of the formed ceiling surfaces remains unchanged.

And here is an example of the use of such structures in the kitchen - a place where some people spend most of your home life.

Let's sum it up

Numerous photos of suspended fabric ceilings in a modern interior, given above, eloquently convince us that the choice in their favor is not an instinctive pursuit of novelty, but a completely sound and balanced decision, due to a combination of magnificent performance qualities material with its decorative potential. We all want to avoid banal options in our interior, but without sacrificing operational convenience and reliability. According to this simple formula, canvases made of polyester fabric are in no way inferior to glossy and matte designs made of vinyl film, which are more common due to their remarkable marketing effect. Moreover, the wide decorative possibilities of post-processing of already stretched canvases make it possible to achieve a truly original visual effect from a particular room. Are fabric ceilings the future? We would not make such a categorical conclusion, but there is no doubt that you have definitely thought about what to use to update the interior of your home.

The use of fabric stretch ceilings has become one of the trends in home design, despite the fact that they are more expensive than PVC ceilings. The reasons are simple - they are convenient, practical and durable materials, which allow you to give the room a rich, harmonious look.

What are the advantages of fabric ceilings and do they have any disadvantages?

The average cost of fabric products differs from ceilings made of artificial materials(PVC) 2-3 times. However, this seemingly noticeable difference is explained by the fact that these products are more practical in terms of long service life and other useful qualities:


Along with the higher cost, fabric products have other disadvantages. For example, you can only clean them dry, since water and especially soap and powders will leave unsightly stains and streaks after cleaning. In addition, many products allow water to pass through, although there are also waterproof options.

Why are ceilings called fabric?

The name “fabric ceilings” does not imply that these materials are made from ordinary or synthetic fabrics. However, they are directly related to weaving fabric in terms of their structure. Such fabrics are made on the basis of artificial threads, and not homogeneous matter, as is the case in PVC. The technology is as follows:

  1. Textile fabric is made on the basis of a knitted type of weaving threads from artificial polymers (usually polyester).
  2. The resulting canvas is filled with melted liquid polyurethane with the addition of additives that provide strength and fire safety products.
  3. Then the canvas is allowed to mature a little and become saturated.
  4. The fabric is dried and wrung out so that the product is completely dry.
  5. It is then rolled up, packaged and sold.

The fiber structure is the same as that of knitwear, with the difference that in the case of ceilings we are talking about artificial fabric.

Features of the production cycle can be seen here.

Stretch fabric ceilings in design: a selection of photos

There are many options in the design of fabric stretch ceilings - both ready-made and custom-made according to individual preferences.

There are several main design directions:


Like PVC, fabric canvases are suitable for use in any room - kitchen, living room, dining room, children's room, bedroom.

In the hall and living room

Fabric canvases, due to their large width (up to 5 meters), are the most suitable option for large rooms, since if you install PVC there (maximum width up to 3 meters), the seams will be quite noticeable. In this case, you will have to create either an additional harpoon, or make sure that there is a dark pattern at the junction that overlaps it.

Fabric products do not have such disadvantages. There are quite a lot of options for using them in the design of the hall.

In the kitchen

The kitchen most often has a small area, so ceilings help create a feeling of additional space through the choice of light colors, contrasting patterns and multi-level designs.

In the bedroom

The design features of this room involve the creation of soft, warm tones that are conducive to relaxation and create a peaceful mood.

In the nursery

In a children's room, most often you create your own drawing, and you need to immediately focus on the fact that the ceiling is created for several years, and the baby is growing quickly. Therefore, you can stop at something neutral.

In a country house

A separate design group can include country houses, which are distinguished by a particularly large area, the effect of space, and a complex ceiling design. All these possibilities can be used to create the effect of space in a room, including with the help of fabric stretch ceilings.

Types of fabric ceilings

Fabric stretch ceilings can be grouped depending on the complexity of the design:

  • single-level;
  • multi-level.

Most often, standard single-level ones are used - they are more affordable, and installation of such a surface will not take much time.

Multi-level structures are appropriate to install in the following cases:

  • when the room has a very large area, and it is better to fasten different panels together invisibly using an additional profile in the middle;
  • when the ceiling has a significant flaw, which is best hidden with an additional profile;
  • when you need to create a beautiful design to visually increase space in cramped rooms.

Depending on their consumer properties, fabric ceilings are divided into the following categories:


Fabric ceilings: manufacturers, models, prices

Among manufacturers of stretched fabric fabrics, the following have a large market share:

  • Clipso (France and Switzerland);
  • Cerutti (Italy)
  • Pongs Textil or Descor (Germany).

All these European brands are engaged not only in the production of products, but also sell them under the trademark of the same name. The structure of the canvas in each case has its own characteristics, which directly depend on the technology.

Clipso

The French-Swiss manufacturer Clipso offers ceilings that are made from large-mesh fabrics. If you get close to such a canvas, standing on a chair, you can see the cells with the naked eye, but from a distance everything looks like a single background. The reason is in the production technology: we can draw a direct analogy with fabric and say that such fabrics have calico (the loosest) weaving, in contrast to poplin and satin.

The advantages of this invoice are as follows:


There is one more advantage for the consumer - the rolls have different widths(cm):

Thanks to such a wide range, you can choose the option that best suits the dimensions of a large or small room, as a result of which there will be practically no overpayment for extra meters.

Cerutti

The Italian company Cerutti uses special technology production, allowing to obtain more durable and practical material. Its structure is shown schematically in the figure:

  1. The first layer is the part that will look towards the room. The surface is coated with a special varnish, which creates additional protection not only from damage, but also from dust. Thanks to this layer, such a fabric ceiling can be wiped with a damp cloth, which significantly distinguishes it from many other analogues.
  2. This is followed by a coating of artificial polymer material, which ensures the strength of the fabric.
  3. Next comes the main layer - a polyester thread woven into a single fabric.
  4. Next comes reinforcement, which protects the ceiling from moisture leakage. It is thanks to this layer that the material is waterproof, so it can be used in private homes or on top floors apartment buildings.
  5. The last layer is made of the widest base, which dampens sound waves.

The peculiarities of the fabric manufacturing technology are that the base made of artificial thread is impregnated with polyurethane on both sides at once. This greatly increases the strength of the product and ensures a minimum service life of 12-15 years.

THIS IS INTERESTING. The strength of the fabric allows it to easily hold up to 100 liters of water without deforming the surface.

Thickness of canvas (in cm):

Descor

The Descor trademark belongs to the German manufacturing company Pongs Textil. The width dimensions are the same as those of the Cerutti (310, 410 and 510 cm). Models with different consumer qualities are offered:

  • Descor Trevira is the highest quality and at the same time the most expensive materials that are absolutely safe to use at home.
  • Descor Fr is a budget option that costs on average a quarter less than the previous one. It is of lower quality because inexpensive polymers are added to the raw materials. However, guarantees of 10 years are also issued for service life.
  • Descor Color offers large assortment colored (plain, with patterns and drawings) fabric stretch ceilings.
  • Descor Acoustic is a special fabric with a porous internal structure that is better than others at blocking the passage of sound waves through the ceiling. It is often used in city apartments with noisy neighbors.

In the price segment, Descor ceilings are the most affordable, so they are considered the best option in terms of price/quality ratio. From the point of view of practicality and reliability of fabric, one of the leading positions is occupied by the Italian company Cerutti

Approximate prices (without installation) for some models from well-known manufacturers are clearly presented in the table.

approximate price, rub/m2
room area, m2 more than 100 60-100 30-59 11-29 up to 10
Descor premium 250 315 345 520 580
Descor brilliant 880 935 995 1150 1210
Descor color 880 920 990 1170 1220
Descor transparent 850 930 1070 1150 1200
Clipso standard 990 1050 1150 1290 1370
Celistar (Germany) 350 420 460 640 680
Cerutti white 250 340 420 550
640
Cerutti cream
Cerutti pearls

The price generally depends on several parameters:

  • manufacturer;
  • required quantity (room area);
  • complexity of the design, design (multi-level ones are more expensive);
  • the need to create an individual design.

Prices often change depending on the season and promotions.

Do-it-yourself ceiling installation: step-by-step instructions and video

Since the fabric does not need to be heated using special equipment (unlike PVC), it is quite possible to install such a ceiling with your own hands. To do this you will need the following tools:

There are two main ways to install a fabric stretch ceiling:

  • Using aluminum profile.
  • Using wooden beams.

Regardless of the choice of technology, you first need to take careful measurements of the room:

  • The perimeter of the ceiling is measured clearly along the edges.
  • Using a level, you need to find the greatest difference in relief - that is, the lowest point of the surface.
  • From this point, they recede 4-5 cm perpendicular to the wall in the case of installing one chandelier according to the classic version, or 10-15 cm in the case of installing diode lamps.
  • From the resulting point, draw a line parallel to the wall using a dye thread (you can also draw it with a pencil).

In the second case, the technology is as follows:

  • Are being manufactured wooden beams made of durable, dense wood (preferably oak) with cross-sectional parameters of 20*30 mm. In length they must correspond to the value of the wall plus 50 cm.
  • A frame is made from these beams - a rectangle corresponding to the size of the ceiling. Angles are getting stronger metal corners, which will be mounted to the wall surface.
  • Take adhesive tape (can be purchased at a sewing store) and attach it to the part of the frame that protrudes 50 cm using a stapler.
  • The fabric is sewn onto the other side of the tape and stretched around the perimeter, after which the excess frame is sawed off.

If the room has external corners, the technology changes - more details can be found here.

You can see the process with your own eyes here.

And here is the installation of the Clipso ceiling.

Features of installation of communications under the chandelier are in this video.

ADVICE. After installing the ceilings, there will definitely be a few pieces of fabric left. It is better to leave them in order to conduct an experiment to see how the canvas will react to this or that type detergent, whether there will be any streaks left from soap, powder, or ordinary water. You can simulate the situation - spray it with grease or sprinkle it with dust and try to remove the contamination using conventional preparations.

  • Once every six months, you need to wipe the surface with a dry, clean cloth to collect all the dust. This should be done from the edges to the center so as not to clog the cracks from the edges with dirt.
  • You can use a stain remover that is applied to the surface in very small quantities. You need to wipe with light movements, without rubbing the solution into the fabric.
  • At the end of cleaning, always wipe the surface with a slightly damp, clean cloth, and then wipe with a dry cloth - so that even small amounts of moisture do not remain in the cloth.
  • If any stain appears, you need to remove it immediately, because when it dries, it will be much more difficult to do this, and strong pressure may leave streaks.
  • In most cases, a mild, warm solution with regular soap is sufficient to remove stains.
  • If stains or dirt marks still remain, you can paint them with appropriate acrylic paint and let them dry thoroughly.

Another way to clean the ceiling specifically from the Descor brand can be seen here.

Fabric stretch ceilings are a good combination of interesting design and practical properties of the product. Therefore, despite the price, such coatings have become quite popular among consumers.



 
Articles By topic:
Curd shortbread cookies: recipe with photo
Hello dear friends! Today I wanted to write to you about how to make very tasty and tender cottage cheese cookies. The same as we ate as children. And it will always be appropriate for tea, not only on holidays, but also on ordinary days. I generally love homemade
What does it mean to play sports in a dream: interpretation according to different dream books
The dream book considers the gym, training and sports competitions to be a very sacred symbol. What you see in a dream reflects basic needs and true desires. Often, what the sign represents in dreams projects strong and weak character traits onto future events. This
Lipase in the blood: norm and causes of deviations Lipase where it is produced under what conditions
What are lipases and what is their connection with fats? What is hidden behind too high or too low levels of these enzymes? Let's analyze what levels are considered normal and why they may change. What is lipase - definition and types of Lipases
How and how much to bake beef
Baking meat in the oven is popular among housewives. If all the rules are followed, the finished dish is served hot and cold, and slices are made for sandwiches. Beef in the oven will become a dish of the day if you pay attention to preparing the meat for baking. If you don't take into account