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DIY kerosene lamp heater. Review of kerosene heaters. Safety requirements

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Pros and cons

All devices have both pros and cons. A kerosene heater is no exception.

TO positive aspects heating devices include:

1. The device is autonomous.
2. The wick of the device is distinguished by its durability.
3. The smell of kerosene and smoke are felt only when the device is turned on and extinguished.
4. Models that work with an electrical connection have many functions.
5. Heaters that do not require an electrical connection can be used away from home.
6. The design of the heater makes it possible to cook food, which is very convenient when relaxing outdoors.

Negatives:

1. The presence of smoke and the smell of fuel when turning the heater on and off.
2. Relatively high fuel prices.
3. Open fire.

Read also: .

Review of kerosene heaters from different manufacturers

Kerosene heaters made in South Korea under the Kerona brand are widely represented on the Russian market. For comparison, we will look at several of the most popular models.

Kerona WKH-2310

This small model is used for heating small rooms both technical and residential. Unique design The device makes it possible to use it even to heat a tent without any risk of fire. What makes a device so fireproof?

Design features:

• It is impossible to accidentally get burned in the working chamber due to the installed safety grille;
• fuel does not leak from the tank even when the heater accidentally spills due to the protection installed on it;
• matches are not needed for ignition because there is an electrical system;
• In case of accidental overturning, the automatic extinguishing system is activated.

Good combustion of the wick is ensured by the use of special fiberglass. On top part The appliance can be equipped with a special lid for cooking. The level of heat transfer is adjusted by decreasing or increasing the flame. For an hour of operation of the device you need only 0.25 liters of kerosene. Tank volume 5.3 liters.

"Kerona" WKH-3300

In addition to all design features previous model The Kerona WKH-300 kerosene heater has additional features.

1. First of all, it is a more powerful tank with a volume of 7.2 liters.
2. Secondly, there is a special upper reflector that allows you to redirect the heat flow. When installed, heat moves down to the floor and rises from there, resulting in uniform heating of the room.
3. Thirdly, the heating elements are made of stainless steel.
4. Fourthly, there is a double fuel tank, which creates guaranteed protection against fire when capsizing.

In addition to South Korean products, Japanese kerosene heaters are widely represented on the Russian market.

Toyotomi RCA 37A

Used for heating small country houses, cottages and garages. Japanese kerosene heaters differ from South Korean models in their stationary installation. The devices are equipped with a triple security system and automatic ignition. Fuel consumption per hour of operation is 0.27 liters of kerosene, the tank capacity is 4.7 liters. They are used to heat rooms with an area of ​​no more than 38 m2.

Toyotomi Omni 230

If you need to heat a room up to 70 m2, use this model. Double walls fuel tank, automatic ignition, extinguishing, temperature adjustment and maintenance. Consumes 0.46 liters per hour. fuel, tank volume is 7.5 liters.

Neoclima KO 2.5 and Neoclima KO 3.0

Unlike Toyotomi kerosene heaters, Chinese Neoclima devices run on diesel and kerosene. Their fuel consumption is low - from 0.25 to 0.27 liters. per hour With one tank refill, you can heat the room for about 14 hours. Installing a catalyst flask makes the exhaust of combustion products minimal. The device is equipped with electric ignition from batteries.

How to choose a heater by manufacturer; description of some models

In order to make a choice, you need to read the review of kerosene heaters, because they have significant differences. For example, “Kerona” is a kerosene heater, which is offered for sale in the WKH-2310 version. This device is quite simple, and it is manufactured in Korea.

This type of heater was specially designed for heating tents, garages and small houses. The recommended heating area is 12 m2, while the fuel consumption per hour is 0.25 liters. The tank holds 5.3 liters. “Kerona” is a kerosene heater that does not require the use of electricity; it can also be used for cooking. You can purchase this model for 3,900 rubles.

Another model from this company is WKH-3300. It is more advanced than the one described above, because it has a double fuel tank, which will prevent kerosene from spilling when capsized. This heater will be able to heat a more impressive area of ​​15 m2, the tank volume is 7.2 l, while the consumption is increased and is equal to 0.31 l/h. This model costs a little more – 4900 rubles.

2 Types of kerosene heaters

Kerosene heaters WKH-2310 are manufactured in a wide range. They are divided into types depending on configuration, functions and other factors.

Kerosene heaters are:

1. No electronics. Such devices are mobile and can be used anywhere. They are less secure.
2. With electronics. Kerosene heaters can be equipped with automatic on/off, a security system, and additional fans, which require electricity. Such devices cannot be used in the field, since there is no power supply there.

Kerosene heaters are also divided into:

1. Kerosene, which operate exclusively on such fuel.
2. Diesel-kerosene. They operate on two types of fuel; you can choose based on cost and your own preferences.

There may also be models with and without a mirror reflector.

Different versions of heating devices have different volumes of fuel tanks, the capacity of which determines how long everything will work without refueling.

Household kerosene heater

2.1 Do-it-yourself kerosene heater? Forward!

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If you really want to make a kerosene heater with your own hands, then why not do it? However, it is worth noting that you will have to try to ensure that the device you make yourself is safe and effective.

To work, you will need tin, metal scissors, rivets, a drawer can for kerosene, a strainer, a metal mesh and a burner, which is best purchased in a store.

1. The first step is to cut a circle with ears out of tin and attach a burner to it.
2. Then you need to attach a small strainer on top; do this using the ears that are on the tin mug.
3. Cut out two more circles with ears from the tin. Add a tag there metal mesh and make a mesh cylinder with your own hands.
4. Drill holes on the circles of the cylinder.
5. Attach the cylinder to the sieve.
6. Attach the entire structure to the can. You will pour kerosene into it.

2.2 Reviews of kerosene heaters

Reviews about such DIY devices are good. The Kerona heater is very popular. They are often purchased by fishermen and winter hikers. But it is worth noting that when such a device operates, more combustion products will be released than when operating a store-bought one.

Kerosene heater

Reviews about kerosene heaters:

Maxim, Novosibirsk, 43 years old.

I was getting ready for winter fishing, so I ran into a problem. I didn't really want to freeze. I listened to reviews about home-made heaters. I read how to do it - and go ahead. I'm not complaining now. The tent really warms up well at -3-4 degrees below zero. I don’t know how things will go under more severe weather conditions. But I’m definitely glad that I made the device myself and saved money.

Selection criteria

To purchase a high-quality kerosene heater, you must follow certain criteria:

1. Before purchasing, it is advisable to find out the ratio of the square footage of the room that will need to be heated to the fuel consumption of heating devices, which manufacture different manufacturers. By comparing samples, you will be able to purchase a high-quality device suitable for specific purposes.
2. It is necessary to purchase the device only in those stores where, in the event of a breakdown, they can replace the equipment with a new and working one. Users claim that when purchasing, you can purchase a sample that is produced with poor sealing of the seams, and therefore kerosene can leak out during operation. If this happens, the device will simply be unusable and will have to be replaced.
3. Before starting work, be sure to read the operating instructions that come with the equipment. Most appliances must be filled with lighting kerosene, which contains a small amount of soot-forming substances. There is also a device on sale that runs not only on kerosene, but also on diesel. This is why it is important to read the complete operating instructions before first use, as the type of fuel may vary. If the wrong type is filled, the heater will fail. You need to find out about all this in technical passport. If the operating rules are not followed, the equipment will soon fail, and quite unpleasant consequences will occur.

Before starting the kerosene heater, be sure to read the instructions

Design and principle of operation

Kerosene heaters are great because they are portable. You can always take the heating device with you on a trip, fishing or on a picnic to keep warm in case of a sudden cold snap caused by an uncomfortable wind.

The device consists of several main components:

1. A container into which fuel is poured directly.
2. Bowl with a wick installed inside.
3. The handle with which the wick is adjusted.
4. A sensor that allows you to monitor the amount of fuel remaining in the fuel tank.
5. Burner shell.
6. Directly the burner itself.

What does a kerosene heater look like?

When the process of flame formation on the wick occurs, the flame should be “separated” using a shell or mesh, as a result it will begin to peek out a little. In order for this operating position to be achieved, after lighting the wick, it is necessary to use a special handle to correctly adjust the flame level.

The shell does not heat up too quickly under the influence of an open fire, but after reaching the set temperature, it will begin to radiate thermal energy in the infrared range.

It is important to note that during operation the fuel will be burned completely, but the wick fabric will not burn out completely. This positive point– you shouldn’t often think about buying related “parts” for work

Users prefer to take this type of heater into a tent, for example, since the smell after ignition will form only the first time after turning on the heater. Later, not a trace will remain of this nuance, and therefore it will be as comfortable as possible for people to be inside a confined space with the equipment turned on.

In modern stores there are a large number of kerosene heaters, which differ from each other in the way they are controlled. There is also a certain difference in the type of heat distribution.

1. There are electric models of kerosene heaters, but they are only effective if they can be connected to electrical network. We can conclude that there is no point in taking an electric heater on a hike or fishing - there is nothing to power it with. Heaters that are not equipped with electronics are more autonomous and are not tied to a specific place near the outlet. They are often used when traveling to warm up tents or a frozen car. But electrical appliance more convenient in that it maintains a constant temperature and combustion supply. There are also other useful functions in the form of automatic shutdown in case of equipment malfunctions.
2. Another type of heater runs entirely on kerosene.
3. Diesel kerosene heaters are also available for sale.
4. In stores you can find a heater with a convection method of moving heat into the room.
5. There is also an option with a fan installed inside, which will distribute air throughout the room. This type works noisily, and therefore is not very popular.
6. It is also possible to purchase a reflex look.

Pros and cons of kerosene fuel heaters

In order to impartially evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of kerosene heaters, it is necessary to have an idea about them operating principle.

Heater operation begins with igniting the wick and adjusting the height of its flame. First, the chamber walls and the shell mesh are heated.

After this, the combustion process from the wick passes to kerosene vapor, so the wick itself practically does not fade, only fuel is used.

TO main advantages Kerosene heaters include:

• absence of smoke and odor during operation;
• mobility of the heating device;
• work autonomy;
• long wick life;
• rapid heating of the room;
• possibility of cooking.

More expensive models have additional options , increasing the comfort of using the device.

Among the disadvantages are called:

• quite high cost of fuel;
• when igniting and finishing work, the smell of kerosene is felt;
• use of open flame.

Important: to avoid the appearance of odor when the heater starts operating, you should use high-quality purified kerosene.

To choose the right kerosene heater, you should definitely consider two the most important factors – device power and fuel consumption.

Depends on power, how much area of ​​the room it can heat, and the fuel consumption value will tell you how often the heater tank will have to be refilled with fuel.

No less important the possibility of replacing the heater during operation, since sometimes after some time a leak may be detected in the fuel tank. Therefore, it is better to purchase a heater in a specialized store.

Review Kerosene heater Kerona WKH-23 The most powerful in the Kerona line. Excellent stand-alone oven

Advantages:

Quickly heats any room, can be used for cooking, simple and infrequent maintenance of elements, consumes little fuel

Flaws:

You can’t find kerosene in a regular store, it’s better to look online

Hi all. My husband bought this item for the garage; we rarely use it at the dacha. In general, it can be useful everywhere, for example, where it is not possible to use electric heaters.

On at the moment The KERONA WKH-23 kerosene heater is already three years old. It has been garaged and is in full combat readiness. My husband spent a long time choosing a heater for his garage. At first he wanted a heat gun, but somewhere on the Internet he was convinced to buy a kerosene heater, namely Kerona.

This miracle feeds exclusively on kerosene. Here are some of its characteristics: - weight 13 kilograms (impressive); - electric ignition function; - thermal power - 5.8 kW;

Fuel tank capacity 7 liters (!!!); - cooking function (you just need to remove the lid); - fuel consumption - 0.1 - 0.6 l/h; - fuel type: lighting kerosene; - dimensions: 446x446x680 mm. It also has very important features for things like rollover fuel spill protection and automatic rollover flame extinguishing system. Can be used as a small light source. Glows very beautifully in the dark.

You can adjust the heating power. In general, the principle of operation is the high-quality heating of the catalyst using a special wick. The main thing is to monitor the condition of the wick itself over time (a week, a month, maybe even a year); by the way, it is easy to replace if anything happens. This is an irreplaceable thing in the country house or in the garage like ours. If the light source is suddenly turned off, then Kerona will be very useful to you. Its service life is long. One year warranty. Kerosene for it is not very expensive. Its consumption is small. The smell from the operation of this device is barely noticeable. In a closed and small room (for example a garage) more than an hour you can use it and not worry. Of course, kerosene will burn off oxygen over time, but there is no need to worry. It is enough to ventilate or run a small stream of fresh air for 5 minutes. In general, you can use this thing even in a tent; it can also be very useful for fishing or hunting. Or for heating a warehouse, barn, or whatever. Maintenance of this heater is not difficult. It will help you set up the first time you use it detailed instructions. To be honest, we were afraid to use it the first time, but my husband said it was necessary and things went well. When using for the first time, you need at least 25 minutes for the heater to work.

We are currently trying to get through to the service center for these devices. They haven’t answered the phone for a week now (We wanted to adjust the flame height.

Customers' opinions

We asked for opinions and reviews of kerosene heaters from customers. This is what they write and say.

I spend a lot of time in the garage, and in winter I can’t do without heating. I chose Kerona for myself. I light it on the street. Even in severe frost, working in the garage is comfortable and you can take off your outerwear. Ivanov Danil, Uryupinsk.

We bought a Korean Kerona 2310 for our dacha. The test was successful, no leaks. I worked the device all day in a room of 20 m2. Half of the kerosene remained in the tank. Good combination prices and quality. Anastasia Nezhnaya, Ryazan.

I love winter fishing. My friend and I bought Neoclyma. We fish in comfort. We are sitting in a tent near the hole, and next to us there is a kerosene stove on a small fire. You don't even have to wear a jacket. Thanks to the manufacturers. Andrey Klima, Tula.

Now you know how to choose a kerosene heater, what to look for when choosing a particular model, read consumer reviews about the most best models. Make your choice and your dacha will be warm even in the most severe frost.
. Video review of Chinese and Korean kerosene heater

Video review of Chinese and Korean kerosene heater

Operating principle

How does heat warm objects and people located in the area of ​​operation of the equipment? Infrared radiation is responsible for this, which directs the generated heat to where it is needed. This creates a local zone of comfortable heat.

Let us pay attention to two features of such equipment.

1. Energy is not wasted to completely heat the room, since heat rays are directed only to the most necessary area.
2. No electricity is used. That’s why the heater gets its name, because the fuel is kerosene, which is easy to get nowadays, especially since you don’t need a large supply of fuel to provide sufficient heat for a long time. However, electricity will be needed if electric ignition, a built-in security system, or an automatic shut-off or on unit are additionally used.

Kerosene is poured into a container specially designed for this purpose, saturates the wick, which then needs to be set on fire. After this, you can adjust the kerosene supply level. Heating of the housing occurs due to the combustion of kerosene, which leads to heating of the room to the optimal temperature. The set temperature will be maintained long time, if the supply level is at the minimum value. The equipment itself operates as long as there is fuel in the combustion tank.

Wick burning process

The kerosene heater has an automatic system that ensures the safety of using the equipment. The developers of this device made sure that during its operation it was as possible fewer products combustion. The fuel first evaporates, and only then burns, due to which it does not appear carbon monoxide. If fuel is used, the device turns off automatically. The same system works if it falls.

Precautions

When using heating devices, first of all, you need to follow safety precautions.

In the event that the unit is manufactured independently, precautions must be observed in the strictest order: . Under no circumstances should a kerosene heater be used near flammable objects.

1. Under no circumstances should a kerosene heater be used near flammable objects.
2. When filling the fuel tank with kerosene, splashing and spilling of fuel must be avoided.
3. Before using the factory device, you must strictly follow the operating instructions from the manufacturer.
4. Do not leave a working device unattended.

Failure to follow the operating instructions for the device can lead to unpredictable consequences.

It doesn’t matter whether you bought a heater in a store or made it yourself, the main thing is that the device is of high quality and safe to use. .

Diesel gun diesel fuel heater

The use of diesel fuel for heating is accompanied by a large release of combustion products into environment than heating with kerosene, so mini-stoves from the Solarogaz company should not be used in stationary housing if they are refueled with diesel - there will be a smell in the air, and a yellowish coating will appear on the walls over time.

Considering the price attractiveness of diesel fuel, diesel fuel heaters are also produced in other designs that provide for the removal of harmful by-products to the street. An example of such heaters is a diesel heat gun, but from the group of units of indirect rather than direct heating.

Indirect heating heat guns: on the left - diesel, on the right - designed not only for diesel fuel, but also for kerosene

Heating units indirect heating To remove diesel combustion products, they require connection to a ventilation system, the potential of which must meet the heater's needs in full so that fumes do not get inside.

Schematic design of direct and indirect heating heat generator guns

The main characteristics of heat guns are calorific power, the volume of supplied heated air and energy consumption.

The power of the units, depending on the purpose of the model, ranges from 10 to 200 kW. To heat housing, equipment of 15-25 kW is used.

The consumption of kerosene or diesel varies from 1 to 7 l/h. The more powerful the model or the higher the value of the heating intensity regulator, the greater the consumption.

The operation of these devices is accompanied by slight noise, which imposes certain restrictions on their use for heating residential premises. But these heat generators have no equal when you need to warm up a large room quickly, and people can be nearby without fear of being poisoned by combustion products. In addition, the noise level from the operation of a heat gun can be reduced by placing it in another room, equipping it with a heat conductor sleeve, or simply directing a stream of generated hot air into open door adjacent room.

The use of liquid fuel heat generator guns for heating private houses

Comparing heat guns on diesel fuel with kerosene units in terms of the efficiency of heating residential premises, one should proceed from the region of residence and the area of ​​housing. Apartment of 1-2 rooms in the middle zone in emergency situation can be heated with kerosene heaters of sufficient power. A private house will require a lot of effort, and one of the solutions to the problem would be to install a diesel heat gun.

Kerosene heaters Kerona KERONA

Diversity model range kerosene heaters developed Korean company PASECO, gives consumers the opportunity to choose the most suitable option, taking into account the power of the device and its design capabilities.

Heaters of the KERONA line have a power from 2.55 kW to 6.7 kW, are equipped with fuel tanks of various sizes.

Some models are designed to be used for space heating only and are also equipped with automatic protection from overturning the device and electric ignition. Typically, such heaters are made in the form of a fireplace and are intended for stationary use.

For most consumers important characteristic heaters become more mobile, so their choice is the “Kerona” WKH-2310 model. This compact heater weighs only 5.4 kg, but its fuel tank holds 5.3 liters of fuel

It is capable of heating a room up to 12 m². The heater requires lighting kerosene to operate.

His basic technical specifications are:

• fuel consumption – 0.25 l/hour;
• productivity – 2192 kcal/hour;
• power – 2.55 kW.

It is easy to calculate that a fully filled tank ensures the heater operates more than at 20 o'clock. It is important that this heater model can be used for cooking. A platform located at the top of the device is intended for this purpose.

Classification of species

Kerosene heaters are divided into devices with installed electronics, as well as without it. Electrical devices have a large number useful functions, which the owner can use. These include:

1. Automatically turns off and turns on the device.
2. Security system.
3. Built-in fan. This component increases noise during operation, but at the same time increases the rate of heat propagation.

With the help of automation, the temperature will be maintained at the same level. But autonomous systems heating systems that do not need to be connected to electricity are used even far from civilization - this is their significant advantage. The downside is that this type of equipment is less safe, since protective functions are not provided.

You can also find a device on sale that runs exclusively on kerosene.

Diesel-kerosene models are also available.

Choosing a kerosene heater

When making a purchase of any device, it is very important not to make a mistake and make right choice. After all, you don’t want to throw money away and buy a model that won’t meet your requirements.

When choosing a kerosene heater, you should be guided by the following tips:

1. When choosing a device for heating a room, you should take into account the fuel consumption per square meter. Stop on the heater with minimum consumption fuel.
2. Check with the seller about the possibility of returning the goods if a defect is discovered during operation.
3. When purchasing a heater for outdoor use, you should take into account its weight and the presence of a handle for ease of transportation.
4. Make sure that the unit meets all quality and safety standards.
5. Availability of warranty after warranty service.

Popular models of kerosene heaters

When purchasing a kerosene heater, the choice is given most popular and reliable models. Japanese-assembled devices became such models. Why do users love them so much?

Advantages of Korean Kerona heaters and Japanese models:

• Small amount of combustion products released. Due to the fact that infrared radiation in heaters is obtained due to the combustion of kerosene vapor, and not the kerosene itself, the amount of harmful substances released into the environment is reduced.
• Saving cash . Kerosene is cheap and accessible remedy to feed the heater. Due to the use of infrared waves during operation of the device, it is not the air that is heated, but the surrounding objects, which allows you to save on fuel.
• Mobility. There are different configurations of heaters, providing either full or partial mobility. Some models run solely on fuel, while others may require an electrical source.
• A special plus for fishermen - compactness. Many devices have small in size, which allows you to take them with you over long distances while fishing. Compactness and high performance– the main advantage of kerosene heaters.
• Ability to heat large rooms With minimal costs for fuel.

Scope of use

The scope of use of a kerosene heater is quite wide, and this has become one of the reasons for the popularity of the device. Kerosene heaters can be successfully used to warm up a dacha in spring or autumn. This is possible even in winter period in severe frost conditions - the device can warm up the room in a short time

But it is important to note that the stronger the frost, the less time the heater will last.

To bring the device to the desired location, you just need to load it into a car or a large bag - its compact dimensions provide great ease of transportation, which is why travelers love the kerosene heater so much.

Kerosene heater can be used effectively in open spaces

The equipment is also often used by people who repair their cars in the winter. Using the device, you can warm up a cold garage in a matter of minutes.

If there are people who like to sit on fresh air on the veranda, then they do not have to worry about the onset of a sudden cold wind, since the heater operates effectively even in an open space. But in such a situation, you will need to follow the equipment and be very careful, since an open flame can cause a fire. For this reason, the heater must not be left unattended.

Safety precautions

An infrared kerosene heater must be used taking into account safety precautions, which includes observing certain points.

1. There should be no flammable devices near the heater.
2. Kerosene must be introduced into the combustion container very carefully. This is practical even from the point of view that if kerosene is spilled, everything around will smell of it, since this type of fuel has a rather specific odor. Although, in order to avoid such a moment, you can use imported kerosene, which has good reviews at least because it has no smell. However, to buy it, you need to shell out an amount that is sufficiently higher than the price of Russian fuel.

Having such advantages, a kerosene heater will make the room suitable for living and comfortable existence. Buying it today is not a problem. If you choose a device with automatic system, then its price most likely will not exceed ten thousand. If the control system is mechanical, then the price will be even lower, up to approximately five thousand. It is quite reasonable to spend this money so that in the future, even in an emergency, the house will remain warm, which will contribute to the joy of the people in it.

I highly recommend for consideration useful thing for winter and cold seasons in general. With this simple heater you can keep warm in a tent, in a car, and so on. The heater is assembled on the basis of a kerosene lamp, now it will not only provide light, but also provide excellent warmth. Kerosene is inexpensive, and the lamp consumes quite little, although the fuel has a strong odor.

The essence of the homemade product is a cylinder that is installed on a kerosene lamp. Inside, the cylinder is divided into 6 chambers, the outlet holes pass so that a kind of coil is formed inside. When hot gases circulate through this coil, reaching the top, they cool almost completely. Of course, the resulting heat is transferred to the tent or car. As a result, a fairly high efficiency of the homemade product is achieved.

At the top of the cylinder there is a cover with a pipe. The author screws a metal hose from the shower to this pipe, which acts as a chimney. This allows harmful gases to escape from the tent and car to the street.

In addition, the lamp has a reflector made of a sheet of shiny stainless steel. This reflector will direct the light at you and along with it the warming infrared rays.

It is better to make the cylinder body from aluminum or copper, then the heat will be transferred even more efficiently. According to the author, Vasily Bazarev, the device heats quite well, and the flame can be easily adjusted.

Heating units for liquid fuel have been used by people for more than a hundred years and still do not lose popularity. Consumer requirements for the quality of heating equipment for the home are constantly growing, so manufacturers not only improve the designs of the units they produce, but also regularly replenish the market with new types of liquid fuel heaters increased efficiency and functionality.

Infrared heat generators: on the left – kerosene, on the right – diesel heater.

Despite the differences in design and potential, all liquid fuel heaters are united by a common factor - their operation requires increased attention from the consumer and compliance with certain fire safety rules. However, these difficulties are compensated by the advantages of liquid fuel units; you just need to correctly navigate their characteristics when choosing a model - choose a device based on specific application conditions.

Let's consider one type of heating equipment - a kerosene heater from the perspective of comparison with heat generators operating on other liquid energy carriers.

Domestic heat generators using kerosene

Kerosene heaters

Kerosene – oily, transparent flammable liquid, colorless or with a yellowish tint, produced from petroleum. Without going into details of the physical characteristics, the potential of this substance can be judged at least by such areas of application as fuel (or its component) for rocket and gas turbine aircraft engines, as well as glass and porcelain firing furnaces.

In everyday life, kerosene is the most common energy carrier of all types of liquid fuel, as it is used in heating units operated in residential, utility, utility and industrial premises. The higher the purification class of this fuel, the less combustion products are released into the air when using the heater.

Several brands of aviation fuel (TS-1, T-1, T-2, T-1S) and lighting kerosene (KO-20, KO-22, KO-25, KO-30) are used to fill household heaters.

The main brands of kerosene used for household heaters

The characteristics of aviation fuel are high, but its price does not allow this composition to be classified as a combustible material widely available to consumers, so lighting kerosene is mainly used in home heaters.

Operating principle and design of household kerosene heaters

Kerosene heaters are heat generators that heat the room using infrared radiation. IR rays do not affect the transit medium - air, but when they encounter obstacles along the path of propagation, they increase the intensity of the movement of molecules on their surfaces, which causes an increase in the temperature of the upper layers of objects. The interior, which is heated in this way, then gives off heat to the air, initiating convective currents in it.

Operating principle of infrared radiation

Conventionally, a kerosene heater consists of a housing in which the following components are located:

• fuel tank (removable or as part of the structure);
• electric ignition device (optional);
• wick with emitter and combustion intensity regulator;
• protective grille.

Kerosene from the fuel tank flows to the wick, where it burns and heats the metal mesh emitter. The intensity of combustion is regulated by a device that changes the length of the burning wick. To prevent burns from accidental touching infrared emitter covered with a protective grill. There is a valve on the fuel tank lid for replacement air supply, and on the heater body there is a fuel level indicator and a unit shutdown device. For ease of movement, the heaters are equipped with folding handles or special grooves.

Depending on the design and performance class, heaters differ in functionality and, accordingly, price.

Types of kerosene heaters

Infrared kerosene heaters are produced in rectangular or cylindrical, the size of which is directly proportional to their power.

Types of infrared heaters using kerosene

Rectangular devices , as a rule, are more powerful than cylindrical devices and are manufactured in the form of an aggregate, in the body of which, behind the emitter on one side, there is a reflective screen that concentrates IR radiation in the opposite direction. The heating direction of such units is adjusted manually by turning the heater in the desired direction.

The most powerful kerosene heaters with rectangular bodies are produced in the form of a floor-mounted fireplace with a removable fuel tank and battery-powered electric ignition function.

Kerosene infrared heaters in the form of fireplaces

Cylindrical heaters are produced in two types - directional and all-round heating. This line of kerosene heaters consists of units that are more compact due to the geometry of the housing. In addition, some models of cylindrical devices are used not only for heating, but also for lighting, reminiscent of the effect of performing this function gas lamp.

Cylindrical infrared liquid fuel heaters: on the left - with a built-in fan, universal (kerosene, diesel fuel), on the right - kerosene circular action

Let's look at the characteristics of kerosene heaters using the example of specific units.

Heater "Kerona" (Kerona WKH-3450)

Specifications:

• power - 3.8 kW
• dimensions - 50.6 × 32.5 × 32.5 cm (height x width x depth);
• consumed fuel - aviation or lighting kerosene;
• energy consumption - 360 g/hour
• Fuel tank capacity - 4.8 l
• heating area - up to 20 m2
• electric ignition of the wick device;
• device for switching off the device when tipping over;
• unit weight - 12 kg;
• manufacturer - Republic of Korea.

Infrared heating unit Kerona WKH-3450

The model is one of the most popular, due to its versatility - the ability to be used for heating both residential and warehouse, utility and utility rooms.

For use in residential premises, it is advisable to first ignite a kerosene heater outside the home, and let it work there for the first 5-7 minutes until the formation of soot stops, and then bring it into the room. However, ignition is also possible in the apartment - followed by 5-minute ventilation

Important! Fuel combustion in a heater occurs with the consumption of oxygen from the air in the room, so the heated room must be periodically ventilated - regardless of the degree of presence of the smell from burning kerosene in the home.

Schematic representation of the kerosene IR heater "Kerona" model WKH-3450

Operating principle of the heater:

• the fuel tank is equipped with a push-action valve at the bottom, which opens when the container is installed in its regular place in the body;
• fuel from the tank is supplied to the base of the porous wick and impregnates it by capillary method;
• after ignition of the wick, the combustion chamber is heated, causing the subsequent evaporation of kerosene and combustion of its vapors;
• the mesh walls of the combustion chamber heat up to high temperature and begin to generate infrared radiation.

Important! After heating the combustion chamber, manual adjustment of the wick operation is performed, which determines the calorific value of the heater, the intensity of consumption and the completeness of fuel combustion.

Visual method for determining the efficiency of the combustion process

Advantages infrared kerosene household fireplace heaters:

• mobility;
• autonomy (batteries);
• durability, including the wick;
• short duration of smoke formation (on/off);
• aesthetics.

Flaws:

• relatively high cost of heaters (from 9 thousand rubles);
• high cost of fuel;
• open fire factors (fire hazard, oxygen consumption from indoor air).

To get a more complete understanding of this kerosene heater, watch the video:

IR kerosene heater FUJIX M168

An economical portable device, a kind of “burner” for heating and cooking, with a body shape reminiscent of a kerosene lamp for outdoor lighting.

Specifications:

• ignition type – electronic;
• automatic – standard adjustable thermostat;
• rollover shutdown system;
• body material – metal/glass;
• fuel/consumption – kerosene/≈ 0.25 l/hour;
• tank capacity – 2.5 l;
• calorific value – 2-2.5 kW;
• operating time on one gas station -10 -12 hours;
• dimensions - 33x33x44 cm; weight – 4.7 kg;
• country of origin: China.

FUJIX M168 IR heater in reality, specification of components and control devices

This kerosene heater is compact, easy to move and therefore convenient for a garage, small greenhouse, country house. The device can be used provided there is sufficient area and regular ventilation.

A video comparing Chinese and Korean products will help you better navigate your purchase:

Line of liquid fuel heaters from Solarogaz:

• "KO - 1.8 Mini";
• “KO – 1.8 Caprice”;
• “Software – 2.5 Mini”;
• “Software – 2.5 Mini+”;
• "PO - 2.5 Savo".

The listed heat generators also belong to infrared heaters, and can run on kerosene or diesel fuel. The models differ from each other not only in power and fuel consumption, but also structurally - in the profile of the firebox, its material of manufacture, and the configuration of the reflector.

Let's look at their most popular modifications.

“KO – 1.8 Mini” is a miniature liquid fuel heater with the ability to cook food.

The firebox, located in a ceramic cylinder, is designed for heating on three sides and for placing dishes on top.

Characteristics of "KO - 1.8 Mini":

• calorific power on the burner - 1.8 kW;
• liquid fuel consumption - 0.2 l/hour;
• tank capacity - 2.5 l;
• operating time at one gas station - 18 hours;
• dimensions – 30x30x30 cm;
• weight - 4.3 kg.

Infrared heater using kerosene or diesel fuel “PO – 2.5 Savo”

In the Solarogaz line of heaters, the unit is distinguished by a steel cylinder around the hearth and a reflector surrounding the firebox on three sides. The upper part of the grid is designed to accommodate cooking utensils.

With dimensions of 37x42x32 cm, the device weighs 5.6 kg.

The calorific value of such a stove is 2.5 kW with an average fuel consumption of 0.2 l/h. The capacity of the fuel tank is 3.2 liters, which is enough for 14-18 hours of continuous operation of the heater.

The liquid fuel stove "PO - 2.5 Savo" is effective for heating apartments, small country houses and country houses, but the power of the units used in the buildings must correspond to the area of ​​the heated premises, and the open fire of the furnace of the units requires periodic ventilation of the rooms. The device copes even better with heating a garage, small greenhouses, and heating and cooking food.

Operating rules

Diesel gun - diesel fuel heater

The use of diesel fuel for heating is accompanied by a greater release of combustion products into the environment than heating with kerosene, so mini-stoves from the Solarogaz company, if fueled with diesel, are not used in stationary housing - there will be a smell in the air, and a yellowish coating will appear on the walls over time .

Considering the price attractiveness of diesel fuel, diesel fuel heaters are also produced in other designs that provide for the removal of harmful by-products to the street. An example of such heaters is a diesel heat gun, but from the group of units of indirect rather than direct heating.

Indirect heating heat guns: on the left - diesel, on the right - designed not only for diesel fuel, but also for kerosene

Indirect heating heating units for the removal of diesel combustion products require connection to a ventilation system, the potential of which must meet the full demand of the heater so that fumes do not get inside.

Schematic design of direct and indirect heating heat generator guns

The main characteristics of heat guns are calorific power, the volume of supplied heated air and energy consumption.

The power of the units, depending on the purpose of the model, ranges from 10 to 200 kW. To heat housing, equipment of 15-25 kW is used.

The consumption of kerosene or diesel varies from 1 to 7 l/h. The more powerful the model or the higher the value of the heating intensity regulator, the greater the consumption.

The operation of these devices is accompanied by slight noise, which imposes certain restrictions on their use for heating residential premises. But these heat generators have no equal when you need to warm up a large room quickly, and people can be nearby without fear of being poisoned by combustion products. In addition, the noise level from the operation of a heat gun can be reduced by placing it in another room, equipping it with a heat conductor sleeve, or simply directing a stream of hot air generated into the open door of an adjacent room.

The use of liquid fuel heat generator guns for heating private houses

When comparing diesel heat guns with kerosene units in terms of the efficiency of heating residential premises, one should proceed from the region of residence and the area of ​​housing. In an emergency situation, an apartment of 1-2 rooms in the middle zone can be heated with kerosene heaters of sufficient power. A private house will require a lot of effort, and one of the solutions to the problem would be to install a diesel heat gun.

Conclusion

Kerosene heaters are useful devices in everyday life. But when solving the issue of heating a home, one cannot completely rely on them; this is a temporary solution in a situation where the main heating equipment has failed, you need to increase the temperature in a remote room, etc. However, buying a kerosene-powered unit “just in case” is a more than reasonable decision, since most emergencies with systems central heating- unforeseen.

The main point of the article

1. Modern liquid fuel heaters are efficient heating devices, the designs of which are constantly being improved.
2. Kerosene heaters are not the cheapest way to heat a home, but using them in an emergency or in the field is quite effective.
3. A kerosene fireplace unit is a device of sufficient power that can heat a room of up to 20 m2.
4. Kerosene heaters with a cylindrical body are more compact devices, many models of which are not inferior in power to fireplace units.
5. The line of liquid fuel heaters from the Solarogaz company is one of best solutions the issue of heating and cooking food in camping conditions.
6. A liquid fuel heat gun is superior in power to kerosene units, but its use is justified only when it is necessary to heat large areas.

Questions arise: which heater is better, how to choose an inexpensive and high-quality heating device? Among the great variety budget option is a kerosene heater. We will talk about this device in detail.

Modern market can please you with a large selection of heating devices, including those that run on kerosene. All of them differ in configuration, functions and design. But the basis of the device is the same:

1. Fuel tank.
2. Bowl with wick.
3. A handle that adjusts the length of the wick.
4. Burner.
5. The burner shell, which looks like a hemisphere with holes in it.

Varieties

Kerosene heaters are divided into devices with and without electronics.

Some devices require an electrical connection. Such heaters are equipped with a security system, automatic switching on and off of the device and additional fans. Thanks to automation, you can maintain a constant temperature.

Heaters without connecting to electricity can be used even far from civilization. But they are considered less safe.

A special container is filled with kerosene, which saturates the wick. Then you need to choose the length of the wick and light it. You should also adjust the kerosene supply. During work heating device The kerosene burns, causing the heater body to heat up, the heat from which warms the room. When the fuel supply level increases, it will produce more heat.

The kerosene heater operates until the fuel tank runs out of fuel.

During operation of the device and during the combustion of kerosene, carbon monoxide is not released, which allows you to use the kerosene heater indoors. You can smell it only when you turn the heating device on and off. This device is equipped automation, thanks to which the heater turns off in the event of a fall or when the fuel tank runs out of kerosene. Thanks to this system, the device is completely safe.

Pros and cons

All devices have both pros and cons. A kerosene heater is no exception.

The positive aspects of the heating device include:

1. The device is autonomous.
2. The wick of the device is distinguished by its durability.
3. The smell of kerosene and smoke are felt only when the device is turned on and extinguished.
4. Models that work with an electrical connection have many functions.
5. Heaters that do not require an electrical connection can be used away from home.
6. The design of the heater makes it possible to cook food, which is very convenient when relaxing outdoors.

Negatives:

1. The presence of smoke and the smell of fuel when turning the heater on and off.
2. Relatively high fuel prices.
3. Open fire.

Choosing a kerosene heater

When purchasing any device, it is very important not to make a mistake and make the right choice. After all, you don’t want to throw money away and buy a model that won’t meet your requirements. When choosing a kerosene heater, you should be guided by the following tips:

1. When choosing a device for heating a room, you should take into account the fuel consumption per square meter. Use a heater with minimal fuel consumption.
2. Check with the seller about the possibility of returning the goods if a defect is discovered during operation.
3. When purchasing a heater for outdoor use, you should take into account its weight and the presence of a handle for ease of transportation.
4. Make sure that the unit meets all quality and safety standards.
5. Availability of warranty after warranty service.

DIY device

Undoubtedly, the easiest and fastest way is to buy a kerosene heater, but how nice it will be to use a home-made unit! Moreover, such a device will cost several times less.

So let's get started! First of all, you need to prepare everything necessary materials and tools:

• Tin plate.
• Rivets.
• Metal mesh.
• Metal scissors.
• Kerosene can.
• Strainer.
• A burner that is better to buy in a store.

1. From a tin plate we cut out a circle with ears, to which we attach the burner. Using the ears, we attach the strainer on top.
2. Next, you will need two more tin circles with ears, to which you need to attach a cylinder made of fine metal mesh.
3. We connect the parts together. To do this, you need to drill holes on the circles of the cylinder and attach a strainer with a burner to it.
4. Attach the entire structure to the fuel cylinder.

The homemade heater is ready. You can pour kerosene into the fuel tank and light the burner.

Safety requirements

First of all, a homemade heater must be safe. This directly depends on the choice of materials and the quality of the device made. For maximum safety, you need to use a fireproof stand and carefully insulate all contacts.

The device must be easy to use and also productive in operation. The process of turning on and extinguishing the unit, as well as maintaining the device in working condition should be as simple as possible.

The efficiency of the device is important. The higher the efficiency, the more economical the device.

Precautions

When using heating devices, first of all, you need to follow safety precautions. If the unit is manufactured independently, precautions must be observed in the strictest order:

1. Under no circumstances should a kerosene heater be used near flammable objects.
2. When filling the fuel tank with kerosene, splashing and spilling of fuel must be avoided.
3. Before using the factory device, you must strictly follow the operating instructions from the manufacturer.
4. Do not leave a working device unattended.

Failure to follow the operating instructions for the device can lead to unpredictable consequences.

It doesn’t matter whether you bought a heater in a store or made it yourself, the main thing is that the device is of high quality and safe to use.

For any apartment or apartment, there come times when it is necessary to use additional heating: in the fall before the start of the heating season or in winter during severe frosts. to raise the temperature in your home, garage or camping tent. On the market of modern household appliances there is no shortage of compact, convenient and inexpensive heaters of any type, convection, or with infrared radiation. But interest in homemade devices does not fade, especially since the heater is not difficult.

There are many ways to make your own heater

Requirements for a homemade device

There are many options for homemade heating devices that run on electricity, batteries, kerosene, and gas. The types and designs of homemade devices vary, but the requirements for them always remain the same:

• safety;
• efficiency;
• ease of manufacture and ease of use;
• work productivity.

Safety involves thoughtful protection against electric shock and fire prevention;

• use the device on a fireproof stand;
• ensure contact density and insulation of connection points;
• do not use open spirals, cover them with protective covers;
• prevent network overloads, equip it with a fuse;
• do not leave a working device unattended;
• Place the device away from flammable objects.

The concept of an economical heater means that it helps to save money during operation. If purchasing components for a product costs more than purchasing a ready-made factory sample, there is no saving. But the costs can be recouped in the future if a cheaper energy source is used when using the device. In any case, you need to make a profitable heater.

Simplicity and convenience are important requirements for a homemade device. If love for making complex structures may be justified by individual craftsmen, then the complex procedure of turning on, turning off or maintaining the device in working condition will significantly complicate life, therefore it is irrational to make such a heater for the home.

The productivity of the device is expressed by the efficiency factor. The higher the efficiency, the more economical the device and the more advisable it is to make it yourself.

Advice. Primitiveness homemade heaters, especially on alternative energy sources - kerosene or batteries, should not be confusing. In case of emergency power outages, from which no one is insured, a homemade device can be of help.

You need to be careful and not leave a man-made creation unattended (this can be a fire hazard)

• in the off-season, electric wall heaters will help warm the premises without turning on the heating system;
• in winter, they will complement the main heating if its power is not enough;
• will help create comfortable temperature for work in a garage or workshop;
• a self-made tent heater will help out during a camping trip in bad weather;
• When there is frost in spring or autumn, the heater will heat the pantry at the dacha.

Most often, amateurs make the following models:

• DIY electric heater;
• analogues of an oil heater;
• battery-powered heater;
• gas tourist heater;
• kerosene heater.

Options for homemade heaters

Some homemade heaters are suitable for use at home, while other options are for camping trips. You can make the most basic electric heater with your own hands from a nichrome spiral from a broken hair dryer or heater.

Oil heater. Although there are many for sale, you can make a similar model yourself. The diagram of an oil heater and the principle of its operation is to heat liquid technical oil placed in a sealed container using a heating element. To make oil heater do it yourself, you will need the following materials:

• sealed container;
• technical oil;
• heating elements;
• locksmith tool.

For the body of a future oil heater you can use metal battery, gas, car radiator or weld the container yourself.

Holes for electric heating elements are made with a grinder, autogenous or welding. Heating elements are inserted into them and bolted. It is important that the inserted elements (1–4 in number) are secured tightly.

The container is not filled to the top with oil, but 85%, since the liquid expands when heated. There must be air at the top of the tank or an expansion tank will need to be installed. The oil used is heat-resistant.

Heating with a candle. The easiest camping option is to make a heater out of a candle. Tourists use empty tin cans or drink cans. A candle heater is made from two jars and a candle in a metal tablet. It has the following operating principle: inside metal container A burning candle is placed, which heats the jar from the inside. Thanks to the closed space, heat accumulates and enters outside through holes punched on top. Despite the primitiveness and simplicity of the model, this mini-heater is popular among tourists.

Clay pot and a candle can be a good heater

Making a candle heater with your own hands begins by processing the jars: the top part of one is removed, and many holes are punched around the perimeter with a nail at the bottom. The bottom of the second is cut off, cutting out several “petals” from the top to attach the bottom to the cut off top of the first jar. Place a burning candle inside and assemble the structure by inserting the bottom into the body.

Using the energy of a burning candle, you can make a decorative heater from clay pots and candles for the bedroom or living room. The candle is placed under several inverted ceramic pots, fastened together with a thick and long iron bolt. The iron heats up from the flame, and the pots and the air gap between them retain this heat and then release it into the surrounding space. This “heat trap” can work for days; it is important not to leave it unattended. This is a small addition to the main heating of the house and an opportunity to create a romantic atmosphere.

Make the simplest infrared heater even a child can do it with his own hands by placing it behind the battery reflective film or foil. In this case, reflected from the mirror surface, they will heat the surrounding objects, and not the opposite wall. The peculiarity of infrared radiation is that it heats objects, not air. This type of heating feels like the most comfortable.

More difficult to make. The operating principle of the device: there is a mesh heat dissipator above the flame, and a reflector (reflector) below it. A stainless steel bowl can be used as a reflector, but best material– aluminum, it reflects only heat waves. A large gas cylinder or a small cylinder on which a burner attachment is placed is used as fuel. This tent heater helps out winter fishing enthusiasts.

To heat a tent during winter fishing, craftsmen make gas heater guns - the burner is placed in a metal pipe, the legs are welded and a metal hose is attached to remove gases.

Heater from . If there are old radiators left in the house after renovation, then you can make an electric heater from cast iron battery with your own hands. Cast iron has a high heat transfer coefficient, so by equipping the structure with a heating element, a thermostat and filling it with water or transformer oil, you can obtain an alternative heat source. Decorative appearance products will be an additional advantage.

New types of heaters. One of the simplest heaters to manufacture is a model made from thermal film. The thermal film is glued to the substrate, electrical contacts and wires are connected to it. This option is convenient to hang on the wall and can be hung with a picture or carpet.

WATCH THE VIDEO

In 2007 it was developed new device a vapor-drip heater, the operating principle of which is similar to the operation of a water heater: water placed in sealed tubes is heated using a heating element, turns into steam, rises through the tubes, and then cools and, having condensed, returns to the lower part of the device. The cycle is repeated many times. The specificity of the device is low power consumption and high efficiency. Many craftsmen have adopted this new product and are making a similar device on their own.

Homemade heaters for the home, cottage or camping trip will help out in difficult and extreme conditions, so knowledge of their features and the ability to make them will not be superfluous.