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DIY plaster paintings on the wall. Bas-relief images in the interior of an apartment: advantages, photos. What is needed for work

Types of bas-reliefs and their features. Step by step instructions on creating stucco with your own hands.

Bas-relief on the wall

Walls covered with wallpaper or simply painted look banal today. A new direction is gaining popularity in modern interior- this is a bas-relief.

The technique of its implementation allows you to create three-dimensional patterns and delimit space using convex-concave shapes. The bas-relief looks prestigious, and the mention of it is associated with wealth and luxury, because only rich people could afford such decoration.

The use of decorative non-standard wall design: bas-relief and its relevance

The use of bas-relief drawing techniques in wall decoration makes the space original and gives the room an atmosphere of sophistication. Bas-relief is a stucco molding known and used in the decoration of houses since ancient times. It also has practical significance: it visually hides communications or cables, wall defects. The volumetric figure above the bed looks especially impressive.

Today, designers are again thinking about combining luxury interior design with inexpensive materials. Therefore, this option for wall decor will not only be interesting, but also quite in an economical way repair.

The plaster pattern goes well with both classic style in the interior, and with a very creative one, it can be re-painted when changing the overall color scheme in the apartment.

Types of bas-relief

Stucco molding is made on historical, as well as portrait or pictorial themes; it can be abstract, for example, in the form of geometric shapes.

Drawings on an antique theme or polished to look antique look exclusive. Modern themes look especially unusual.

You should select cornices and figurines with caution, as this decor is not always combined with the overall style of the apartment.

Techniques for making plaster drawings

Below are some styles of bas-relief.

It is necessary to think through every detail or element, and, while maintaining symmetry, choose harmonious colors and shades.

What material is stucco made from?

To create three-dimensional drawings, any materials that can be carved or those that can be poured into a mold are used.

List of materials for creating a bas-relief:

• plastic;
• gypsum mixtures;
• stone;
• clay, including decorative clay;
• decorative plaster;
• wood, including bamboo;
• metal.

Plastic elements are lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to install. Stone or metal bas-reliefs are more expensive, but they look incredibly luxurious. Gypsum is considered environmentally friendly pure material, not flammable and does not support the combustion process.

Sketches and stencils for beginners: figures, plaster patterns

Decorating walls is a very labor-intensive task. But even if there is no art education, with time and patience, everyone can realize their ideas for decorating an apartment.

For beginner sculptors or people who want to start creating stucco for the first time, simple patterns are suitable:

• tree stems;
• simple flower;
• You can try to sculpt simple geometric shapes along the contour of the mirror.

It is better to cut out the image along the contour from the wallpaper or buy ready-made sketches and stencils in specialized stores. There you can also select additional finishing materials, complementing the stucco molding.

Do-it-yourself artistic plaster modeling in an apartment: step-by-step guide

It is better to start the first steps in creating a bas-relief using simple tools and materials.

Tools

Scroll necessary tools to create a bas-relief with your own hands:

• cardboard, if you plan to cut out a stencil yourself or a stencil in finished form;
• sandpaper for grouting;
• masking tape;
• knife, spatula and plaster or sculpture stack;
• brush;
• spray bottle with clean filtered water;
• felt-tip pen in oil if you plan to highlight the contours with color;
• scraper;
• household gloves.

Relief patterns will turn out especially clear if you use a special form to create them.

Materials

It is better to use putty as materials. The main condition is that it must be plaster, otherwise the created figure will easily collapse. You can buy this putty ready-made or mix it yourself.

List of materials for bas-relief:

• gypsum putty in a volume of about 3 kg;
• primer of similar weight;
• acrylic paint;

Polyurethane stucco molding is highly durable, its texture resembles plaster. The material can withstand temperature changes, humidity, and minor mechanical damage. The surface of the figure can be painted in any shade; it is easy to create an antique effect.

Blanks for future plaster modeling

Surface preparation for the application of volumetric forms is very important. The surface must be flat, otherwise the pattern will be distorted and its adhesion to the surface will not be reliable.

When constructing the model, special forms are used.

Preparation of plaster or plaster mortar

The most suitable plaster compositions are products from the Knauf line, for example, Rotband Knauf. This mixture, ready for application to the wall, must be diluted with water strictly in accordance with the operating conditions specified on the packaging by the manufacturer.

Others may be used plaster mixtures. The main condition is that the material must be of high quality from a trusted manufacturer, plastic, and its structure must not form lumps.

When to use wire

For thin and curved lines, wire must be used. It will add strength to fragile elements, create a kind of frame for refined parts, protecting them from deformation.

How to lay out a relief design on a wall

The prepared stencil must be fixed to the wall with masking tape. To do this, you need to attach it to the surface and press firmly, leaving the holes free. The mixture is poured into these holes.

Fastening and drying

After some time, the mixture will begin to harden. At this moment, seven grabs the wall.

Further process of modeling the bas-relief on the wall:

• the stencil must be carefully removed;
• it is necessary to fill the voids with plaster stack;
• sprinkle the elements with water;
• model each curve of the design with a brush;

Leave until completely dry, then scrub with a scraper.

Toning

Before tinting, it is necessary to sand the model. To do this, you need to take fine sandpaper and rub it evenly over the convex and concave places over the entire surface of the figure in a circular motion.

Next, use a brush to remove gypsum dust, carefully cleaning it from narrow concave areas. After which, the figure is coated with a thin layer of primer, for example, a special primer varnish to protect it from the damaging effects of sunlight or the adhesion of dust. If the walls are to be painted, then apply the paint in two layers, allowing each layer to dry.

Examples of plaster modeling in apartment design

The most popular among bas-reliefs are figures in the form of a tree, flowers, especially roses or birds.

Gypsum tree

The tree represents life. Spring begins with the appearance of the first leaves on the branches, and everyone knows the “tree of life” or “tree of desire”, “family tree”. The tree looks as if it is growing from the wall, creating a special futuristic effect.

To form the trunk, the plaster is applied in short strokes in a checkerboard pattern.

Drawings in apartments

It is appropriate to highlight the apartment with a thematic pattern work area or the space above the bed. If the apartment is small, you can build a canvas stand for the drawing and move it around different rooms as needed.

Roses and other flowers made of plaster

To create flowers from gypsum, it is better to mix it with PVA glue in a small proportion. And when creating the shape of the petals, to make them smooth, you need to moisten the working tools with water.

Bird painting

Birds in bas-relief are quite difficult to process. The bird has feathers, which means painstaking drawing of each feather is required. You can only create the outlines of birds, but the effect of a “bird of paradise” will not be achieved.

How difficult is it to make stucco on the walls for a beginner?

The main problem when applying materials to the wall is uneven contours and incorrect proportions for preparing the working mixture.

Thus, if the solution is not thick enough, it will spread, preventing the desired depth of concavity from being achieved, and if there is too much gypsum in the composition, it will dry out quickly.

Having little experience in interior design, it is easy to make mistakes.

Typical mistakes when creating a bas-relief:

• It is not recommended to use stucco as decoration in small rooms and with ceiling heights of less than 3 meters. Volumetric figures they look massive and the space will seem even smaller, and to see the pattern on the stream you will have to lift your head;
• when decorating the kitchen with three-dimensional figures, you need to calculate their sizes so that they do not block the hood or ventilation;
• all elements in the room should have the same style, texture or range.

IN narrow hallway It is also inappropriate to decorate the interior with a three-dimensional pattern, but you can decorate the doorway and ceiling with moldings.

Restoration and care

Sometimes troubles occur in the form of breaking parts of the bas-relief, or over time it begins to lose its original appearance, for example, forming gaps at the points of attachment to the wall.

Broken parts are restored with a similar composition of the solution in its exact consistency, and the gaps can simply be covered up.

Drawings with plaster or other materials allow you to highlight part of the wall or become the central element of the rest of the space, cause surprise and admiration of friends, relatives or guests, and make the room truly luxurious.

Useful video

Wallpaper and paint, if you study the trends associated with the design and renovation of premises, are used less and less every year for the purpose of decorating walls in residential areas. This is not surprising, since no finishing material can guarantee unique design. Its analogues are found among owners of other buildings. In addition, if the design of the walls was done by hand, then it is not possible to reproduce it with maximum accuracy.

Often the services of specialists in the field decorative design apartments and houses are expensive. In this case, you can do things differently and do everything yourself necessary work. In this regard, it is good to arrange a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands. For beginners, there is an accessible scheme for carrying out this manipulation.

Bas-relief: features

The materials used for this work are not cheap. Even the putty is required high quality, like wallpaper glue. But these costs are justified because it is possible to prevent the loss of the results of the work performed.

Often, ready-made slabs, made by hand or ordered from artists, are used to decorate walls. Such ready-made slabs can be installed immediately. But sometimes the bas-relief is made directly on the wall. In this case, it represents an element of decorative plaster. More specifically, it takes on the role of monolithic stucco.

Unlike other types of design, in particular decorative painting, no additional highlighting of color is required here. The volumetric pattern appears even without this thanks to the play of light. But this is possible with properly equipped artificial lighting. Due to this, it is possible to create an emphasis on the elements to be decorated at a certain time by turning on the lighting.

Along with decorative functions, bas-reliefs are able to cope well with various functional tasks. For example, they make it possible mask surface irregularities and decorate engineering communications . Also they:

• form smooth transitions between different zones indoors;
• visually change the space in accordance with the wishes of the owners.

If you correctly combine volumetric relief and decorative painting, you can create a truly original appearance effect. But despite the fact that the above technique is characterized by a number of advantages, it cannot be classified as popular. This is due to the high cost of such large-scale equipment.

Often, non-professionals make the mistake of labeling a bas-relief as a prefabricated structure made of plaster. But in reality, this type of decoration is created by hand, so it is considered exclusive. It turns out that creating beautiful images on the wall requires a lot of effort.

List of required materials

To perform this work you need a certain set of materials and tools:

• spatula;
• putty;
• acrylic paints;
• glue;
• acrylic contour for stained glass;
• slats;
• cutter.

Preparatory activities

Before you start self-creation bas-relief, you need to pick it up suitable wall. She will need to be prepared. Clean the surface of old coatings, prime and dry. After this, cover the surface with putty. Wait until it dries and draw an image on it. It should be done using bas-relief technique.

An image is selected in advance to be placed on the wall. Make a sketch using a pencil. You should not try to create complex drawings the first time. It's better to gradually develop skills. A good option for a beginner there will be an image of vegetation, birds and not too complex figures. If you do not have any artistic abilities, then you can use the technique of drawing images using cells. Divide the drawing into squares, where all the lines from the drawing on the sketch are transferred one by one. It is important to remember to respect the scale of the image when redrawing details. You don't have to paint the whole picture at once. You can draw the outlines of objects depicted on the wall.

Operating technique

You can make a bas-relief using various materials:

• stone;
• clay;
• gypsum plaster;
• regular plaster.

The last two options are the simplest and most accessible to use.

The work is performed according to the following algorithm:

If you intend to arrange a high relief, then you can install wire reinforcement. In the future, it will also be located inside the relief figures, connecting them and the bases.

After this, you need to wait until the mixture sets. If the composition contains cement, then it takes 10 to 12 hours to harden. Otherwise, the concrete layer will not adhere to the base. Using alabaster, hardening occurs after heating the surface. The product can be removed from the mold at the hardening stage. On the side of the laid film, the surface will be waxed. The opposite parts, on the contrary, will be rough.

The next step is creating an image through sculpting when the contours of a three-dimensional image are applied to the slab. Following this, the volume within the contour begins to increase. For this purpose, a newly prepared mixture is used. This must be done in several stages so that each layer can slightly set and harden.

Working with alabaster is convenient and simple, since any excess is removed with a knife. This should be done at moments when the material is wet. It can be corrected with cutters or a chisel, which is designed for working with wood. It levels out with ease using sandpaper. Once plaster or alabaster has dried, it is much more difficult to cut and sand its surface.

If you need to perform an in-depth image, two ways are possible:

• deepen the drawing, selecting this or that amount of material with cutters and a chisel;
• build up a background layer around the image, further polishing the background to a smooth surface.

You can wet the tiles while working. The sculpting method is considered more economical than carving. Another way to form a three-dimensional image is to glue cast parts onto a base plate. You can also install them on the wall in advance. In this case, the seams between them are covered with plaster or sanded.

Reverse casting is considered one of the most complex and effective methods. This method was once used in the manufacture of natural decorative elements. As soon as the slab hardened, it was removed from the mold. An imprint of an in-depth image, the so-called counter-relief, was formed on the front side. He fully reflected decorative features material. In the future, such a slab can be used as a decoration or a mold, using it to cast new tiles. Finished goods they look like real ones, and this is their advantage.

How to install the decor

In many ways, this procedure is similar to the installation of a conventional ceramic tiles. Installation is carried out using tile adhesive.

During work they also use:

• notched spatula;
• glue container;
• sandpaper;
• building level;
• plumb line

You may also need a screwdriver, drill and hardware.

Installation is carried out according to the following scheme:

If the facing slabs are massive and have a large pattern, you have to glue thick slabs directly to the wall, sacrificing the area of ​​the room. In such cases, additional holes in the slabs for anchoring can be considered. They are fixed to the wall or reinforcement elements are walled into the slab. They are mounted into the holes using glue.

After this, the seams between the plates, as well as the holes in them, are covered with grout, alabaster or putty, and cleaned. As soon as the bas-relief is ready, the drawing is adjusted. You can varnish it. Following this, the surface is painted to strengthen and ensure its water-repellent characteristics. This also allows you to achieve a decorative effect.

Bas-reliefs can be made to match the color of the material, forming a picture through the play of light and shadow. They also come painted. Such a pattern can either cover the entire wall or partially, or take on the role of a decorative insert for a picture. There is a separate variety called counter-relief. It is most appropriate on surfaces with large area. This technique involves moving the drawing onto the wall, and then creating a carving. various depths directly on the plastered wall.

Sometimes the spots of the pattern and the deepening of the lines are made by fractions of a millimeter. Under standard lighting, such a wall looks like work surface. To clearly see the finished image, you will have to use backlighting.

Application of the cord

This method of making wall bas-relief is one of the quite simple ones. It is available for independent conduct. Assumes using gypsum mortar and regular clothesline. The image is applied to a piece of foam plastic or fiberboard. Following this, the rope is placed in the marked in a special way lines. It is pre-moistened in gypsum solution.

After the product has dried, treat the surface and convex parts with a gypsum solution using a brush. This kind of decor can be used for decoration by gluing it on the wall. You can use a similar method to decorate furniture, for example, benches. No tiling is required. It is enough to lay the bench in the most convenient way, and then make a bas-relief on one side. As soon as it dries, you can move to the opposite one. After this, the bench must be painted to resemble metal or stone.

Using a stencil

Using stencils, you can decorate. In this case, the image is transferred to penofol and then cut out. A sheet of gypsum fiber of a certain size is coated with a primer. A figure cut out of foam foam is placed on top.

If the bas-relief needs to be made directly on the wall using a stencil, follow the same algorithm. But the figure is glued directly to the wall. Before this, the unevenness is smoothed over using putty. The same is done with voids. You can sculpt smaller elements using stencils. Salt dough is suitable for this. It has the ability to dry for a long time and keep its shape well. This gives you time to make adjustments if necessary.

Finishing work

When the required image has been created , you need to thoroughly clean the bas-relief from dust. After this, the following actions are performed:

• treat the material with a primer;
• paint the surface. It is better to use water-based emulsion for this.

It is advisable to cover the parts with lighter paint if they carry the main stylistic meaning. It is better to use a regular sponge rather than a brush to avoid unattractive streaks. They are able to change the dynamics of the picture. Once all these stages have been completed, the decoration can be considered ready.

Bas-relief on the wall was used in ancient times as an element of decoration of premises and products. They decorated buildings, halls and different rooms. IN modern world bas-relief on the wall has found its home as an excellent wall decor in the interior of apartments and houses. In this article we will look at another interesting view wall decoration. A bas-relief on the wall with your own hands can embellish any interior. The main thing is to know the basic principles and step-by-step steps of applying it to the wall.

Using bas-relief wall decoration, you can decorate an empty wall in your home in a very original and exclusive way. Recreated paintings or panels on the walls using the bas-relief technique look great. The decoration of walls near fireplaces with bas-relief patterns is very common. Bas-relief on the wall illuminated spotlights, creates a 3D visualization of the picture, and if you use designer ones, then the entire picture of the room may change beyond recognition.

If we compare the bas-relief on the wall with, then the bas-reliefs are not always made using any paints. If the lighting and in general are organized correctly, then highlighting the bas-relief with color will not be required. The volume of the picture is visible due to the play of light.

Functional tasks of the bas-relief

In addition to aesthetics and decorative purposes, the bas-relief on the wall also performs a certain number of functional tasks:

1. Hides uneven walls;
2. Decorates engineering communications;
3. Visual adjustment of space;
4. Zoning of space.

When three-dimensional drawing and decorative painting are combined properly, very original and effective decorative elements are obtained. And despite all these merits, bas-relief on the wall is rarely used to decorate interiors. The main reason for such low demand for this decorative element lies in the high cost.
The reason for the high pricing lies in hand technology construction of all bas-relief elements. As a result, erecting a bas-relief on the wall of your house will require a lot of effort and money. But there are several ways to recreate a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands. We read about this further.

Creating a bas-relief with your own hands

In order to make a bas-relief yourself, you will need the following material:

• Gypsum;
• Plaster (gypsum based);
• Alabaster;
• Clay.

Let's take a step-by-step look at the whole process of creating a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands

First stage

First you need to prepare a form for the future relief. To do this, you need to choose a box of suitable dimensions, it can be a box of candies, or a frame glued to the glass. If you have a large bas-relief design in mind, you can put together a box from plywood with low sides yourself. The size of the box will depend on the expected dimensions of the future relief.

Second stage

When the shape for the relief is created, it will need to be covered with polyethylene. Take plastic film and cover it all over inner surface box. Make sure that the polyethylene does not form folds, they can leave a mark on the bas-relief part itself.

Third stage

If you are working with bas-reliefs for the first time, then it is best to use gypsum and gypsum plaster as a solution. Prepare a solution from the material according to the instructions described on the package. In the case where the relief element is supposed to be quite high, it is necessary to reinforce the hardening solution. To do this, insert several wire ropes into the bottom of the mold.

Fourth stage

Fill the prepared pan with the diluted mixture. Leave the material to dry until the mixture has set a little. This time may vary for each type of material, so discuss this detail with the seller in advance.

Fifth stage

Now we begin to recreate the future bas-relief drawing. After completing the previous steps, we have a gypsum board. It is necessary to draw a drawing of the future relief on this slab and recreate its exact contour. Next, prepare the mixture again and apply it to the stove according to the contour. We gradually build up the relief layer by layer, always allowing the previous layer to dry a little.

The plaster should always be damp. Therefore, prepare the solution in small portions so that it does not have time to harden before applying it to the stove. If excess material appears during work, feel free to remove it with a stationery knife. In principle, the entire resulting relief can be edited using a chisel and wood sanding cutters.

ATTENTION! “Before the material is completely dry, sand it. Since it will be very difficult to grind in a frozen state!”

Examples of bas-reliefs on the wall

To learn the process of creating a bas-relief on a wall with your own hands, more clearly. Must see specific examples. Let's look at examples of two popular volumetric decor, in the form of a Lily and a Tulip. Once you see a clear plan of action for recreating a specific bas-relief, it will be easier for you to recreate your original drawing based on the steps below.

Bas-relief – “Lily”

First stage. The wall on which the bas-relief “Lilies” will be located must be protected with masking tape. Apply the tape to the entire surface of the wall where the bas-relief will be located.

Second stage. Next, we cover the pasted section of the wall with putty. After the putty has completely dried, apply a primer on top. We recommend using primer paint for this purpose; it has a rough effect after drying. This quality allows for much better retention of subsequent layers.

Third stage. After completing the primer, apply a layer of Marseilles wax to the wall. You can use a trowel for this. Wax drying time is from 3 to 4 hours.

Fourth stage. Apply to the prepared wall surface cling film and secure it only at the top, so that the film can be lifted at any time. Next, right on the surface of the film, we begin to draw a sketch of the lily.

Fifth stage. Now you need to apply Marseilles wax to the wall under the film, exactly along the contour of the lily sketch. For this you will need a trowel and a palette knife.

Since wax white, we will need to highlight it with a different color in order to subsequently see the silhouette of the sketch. To do this, cover the dried wax, slightly colored with water. After this coloring, the sketch of the lily will stand out visually on the wall.
In order for the bas-relief to be made with high quality and the relief design to be realistic, it is necessary to do all the work step by step and carefully.
When the shape of the future bas-relief “Lily” is given, we begin painting it. Prepare acrylic paint according to the manufacturer's instructions and apply it to the completely dry bas-relief.
Each paint has its own drying time, but on average this process lasts no more than 8 hours. After the acrylic paint has dried, proceed to finishing bas-relief surface.
Use ottocento as a finishing touch. Using a brush, apply the composition to the entire surface of the bas-relief in two layers, drying each one in turn.

Bas-relief – “Tulips”

The work on creating a bas-relief from “Tulips” goes through the same stages as with “Lily”:

1. Apply plaster and primer;
2. Cover with Marseille wax;
3. Drawing a sketch on cling film;
4. Applying a bas-relief according to a sketch;
5. Cover with a finishing coat of ottocento.

To make your tulip buds look as realistic as possible, shape each bud by hand. Wipe the surface of the bud with a damp sponge, then the buds will be smooth.
The process of creating a bas-relief on a wall with your own hands is not an easy task and is very painstaking. However, at the finish line you will receive unique decor on the wall, which will not only decorate the entire interior of the room, but also perform a number of technical functions described above.

Beautiful bas-reliefs to you!

Video lessons: DIY bas-relief on the wall.

For more clear example watch several videos on the topic of creating a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands:

Anyone can decorate a wall in an apartment with an original pattern or relief. Making a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands is not difficult, you just need to choose the relief style, decide on its shape, and make a drawing. A three-dimensional image on the wall can be made anywhere, if the space for applying the chosen form has been carefully prepared.

The bas-relief visually changes the room, hiding the imperfections of the wall surface. The variety of relief allows you to choose a pattern, shape and stucco molding taking into account the style and design of the room, kitchen, hallway. You can make a bas-relief in the form of a complex or separate ornament, place a panel in the center of the wall, or scatter the relief in separate elements along the wall. You can focus attention if you place lighting near the composition

The bas-relief should protrude above the surface by no more than half the volume. This type of panel is called low bas-relief. If the figures protrude more than half, then it will be a high relief or a high bas-relief. You can make a three-dimensional image on the wall through the casting of a solid form, assembling a composition from individual elements. Other types of bas-relief include:

• Thematic and visual – the painting is in the center of the composition.
• Ornamental – patterns and ornaments are depicted.
• Flattened - a minimum distance is maintained between the volumetric parts and the plane.
• Picturesque - flat figures are created with barely noticeable elements of nature.
• Multifaceted - used various components, contrasts are created between them, the effect of shadows is applied, including falling ones.
• Facing – used during facing works. Usually such images are created as ornamental.

Bas-reliefs are divided into other types and according to execution technique:

• Simple ones, which are made in the form of baguettes for paintings.
• Baguette or edging. They look luxurious on the wall, but not provocatively. Great for decoration plain walls, on which photos or paintings are already hanging.
• Wall panels with floral patterns or paintings with plant themes. Such a bas-relief should be accompanied by lighting to enhance individual elements of the composition.
• Bas-reliefs that contain images of mountains, lakes, trees, nature, trees.
• Subject - occupy the entire wall or only a small part of it.

When choosing the type of bas-relief on the wall, which you can make yourself, you should take into account the features of the room where the composition will be placed. Great for the kitchen the following types volumetric images:

• Still lifes.
• Pictures with pets.
• Drawings with kitchen utensils.
• Compositions with fruits and vegetables.

In a child's room, bright and light panels will look great, on which it is better to depict magical or fantastic animals, castles, butterflies, and cartoon characters. In the living room, bas-reliefs will look great in combination with stone and wrought iron.

Most often, plaster is used to decorate walls with three-dimensional images. Before creating a bas-relief from plaster, it is worth thinking through the drawing and making a sketch of it. It is recommended to take into account factors such as:

• Wall background.
• Interior items.
• Direction natural light and lighting systems.
• Entrance to a room or apartment.

Gypsum bas-relief is used to decorate fireplaces, niches, walls with additional lighting. Subjects for such three-dimensional images are:

• Nature themes.
• Antique stories.
• Themes of love.
• Fairy tale characters.
• Images of the sky and castles.
• Still lifes.

To make a bas-relief on the wall, you will need special tools, which are purchased at construction and art stores. retail outlets.


The main devices for working with bas-relief include:

• Abrasive sponges.
• Containers in which the mixture will be mixed.
• Trowel.
• Brushes.
• Dye.
• Palette knives are spatulas that help create three-dimensional images on the wall.
• Sandpaper.
• Knives.
• Polyethylene film.
• Simple pencil, pen, marker.
• Painting tape.
• Scrapers.
• Spatula.

Additionally, you need to purchase a primer, gloves, stencils, and also make sketches of the design.

Bas-reliefs are created from the following materials:

• Plaster.
• Alabaster.
• Putties.
• Clays.
• Gypsum or decorative plaster.
• Polyurethane.

Gypsum is an environmentally friendly and easy-to-work material from which you can make both simple and complex images. Acrylic paints are easily applied to plaster, helping to protect the bas-reliefs from damage. The strength of the composition is enhanced by the application of varnish, primer or glue.

Plastic foamed using a special technology called polyurethane is also popular. Its advantages include:

• Practicality.
• Resistance to changes in temperature and moisture.
• Environmentally friendly material.
• Does not fade or fade in the sun.
• Does not absorb odors.

Bas-reliefs are made from polyurethane for kitchens, bathrooms and swimming pools.

Preparatory work

They include preparing the wall surface for creating a bas-relief, and take place in several stages:

1. Leveling the wall surface.
2. Wall primer.

Leveling involves treating the wall with a mortar made of sand and cement. After this, putty is carried out using alabaster or solutions that perfectly level the surface.

On wooden wall A reinforcing mesh is attached in front of the plaster.

During plastering, beacons are used to monitor the evenness of the wall surface.

When the plaster dries, then primer is applied. For this, compositions made on the basis of acrylic, alabaster or gypsum mixed with sand are suitable. The primer is applied using a brush called a paint brush. It has a large width and does not leave streaks during operation. If the latter have formed, then they are removed immediately without waiting for them to dry.

Preparing to create a bas-relief: stages

• First you need to prepare tools and materials for work. In particular, you should have plaster of Paris, water, a bucket or bowl for preparing the solution, a spoon, and a bas-relief mold on hand.
• Then the form for filling is positioned horizontally.
• Prepare gypsum mortar: pour half a glass of water into a container, slowly pour one glass of gypsum, stirring constantly with a spoon. When the solution begins to resemble liquid sour cream, the solution is ready.
• Pour the solution into the bas-relief mold.
• After an hour, remove the casting from the mold, stretching its edges. This will make it easy to remove the casting.
• The next day, the parts are painted using gouache or acrylic paints.
• When the paint has dried, a thin layer of varnish is applied, which makes the bas-relief detail strong and durable, and the colors bright and saturated.

Creating a relief and attaching it to the wall: instructions

1. Clean the base surface of the wall from local finishing.
2. Level, prime, coat with base compound. Sometimes it is replaced with any type of decorative plaster.
3. A background texture is created using a foam roller or pile.
4. The so-called process of “slapping” with felt or foam rubber is carried out, after which the base is tinted. These steps are skipped if the wall is treated decorative plaster or covered with gypsum board.
5. A relief is being formed, which, after drying, is tinted on top. For plaster, coloring is done with special paints, shading with a damp sponge into thin halftones. Acrylic paints will help create sharp transitions from one color to another.
6. When the paints are dry, then the relief can be treated with latex made from a butadiene-styrene mixture. The solution helps preserve the brightness of colors for a long time.
7. After one or two weeks, it is recommended to treat the relief with acrylic varnish.

A bas-relief is attached separately to the wall, which requires fastenings to provide support for the figures and other details of the composition. Installation of the bas-relief on the wall is carried out step by step:

1. Use corrugated nails, the length of which is 80-120mm. They are driven into plastic dowels.
2. Attachment points are made in the thickest places, marked in advance at an evenly spaced distance from each other.
3. The nails are driven into the wall 50-60mm.
4. 15020 mm of nails should protrude above the wall; excess tools are bitten off.
5. Attach a bas-relief on top, which should protrude 10-15mm above the peg.

Sculpted stacks, cutters and loops

You cannot do without such tools when creating bas-reliefs. Stacks, cutters and loops are designed for purposes such as:

• Removing excess solution.
• Aligning bas-relief elements, giving them the desired shape.
• Creation of three-dimensional images.
• Trimming corners and edges.

If you cast the molds for the composition in advance, this speeds up and simplifies the work of the master. You can cast leaves, flowers, trunks and branches of trees and bushes. The use of cast forms visually improves the effect of the bas-relief. Forms various designs and types are sold in special stores, or made independently. For this, alabaster or gypsum is used; reinforcing frames must be located inside the form. They are designed to maintain the integrity of the mold and cast parts for which a solution of plaster or other material is used. The mixture must be liquid to completely fill all the spaces in the mold. A metal frame is inserted before or after pouring the solution, which ensures the strength of the resulting part.

The wire frame is made of steel wire, which has a thickness of 0.7 to 2 mm. This mold blank can be used not only for casting molds, but also for making composition details directly on the wall. You can attach the frame to the surface using dowel nails, for which you drill special holes. One turn of wire is wound onto the dowels, after which the nail is driven in all the way.

Techniques for making bas-reliefs

• Plastering of loose, unfixed and non-removable models on a supporting wall. Suitable for those who are just learning to create bas-reliefs.
• Reverse casting from plaster according to a model that is removed. The form is removed as soon as the composition is perfected. According to the mold, the master has the ability to cast up to 30 identical products.
• Artistic plaster stucco, which is carried out at a place on the wall. Requires craftsmen to have certain skills and abilities to work with plaster and alabaster.

Bas-reliefs of a particular technique are created on a table, on the floor or plasterboard sheet, which is then attached to the wall. Prefabricated structures are assembled in parts, and if one of them is damaged, it is removed. The disadvantages of such bas-reliefs include heavy weight and the inability to attach to partitions and weak walls made of plasterboard.

Toning stucco

Thin layers of the mixture are applied to the base used for relief. The thickness of each layer should not be more than 1-2mm. The solution is applied with a brush and then spread with a special palette knife. For each layer, the batch is tinted with a pigment intended for plaster.

The layers are placed on top of each other while the previous layer is still wet. Shades are created with a brush, rubbed with sandpaper (zero) or a coarse metal brush.

Free casting

The technique is suitable for creating high or low floral bas-reliefs and patterned compositions. It is not recommended to use tinting, which preserves the material. Finished parts of the composition must be painted. Free plastering is created using architectural plaster and water. The solution should be liquid and watery. The mixture is needed to dip all the details of the three-dimensional image into it. After dipping, each element is laid out on a board with plastic film. After a while, the procedure is repeated so that the models are plastered in a layer of 1 to 1.5 mm. Glue the parts using PVA glue, acrylic plaster or acrylic glue.

Reverse casting

This stucco technique can be mastered by any beginner who decides to independently make a bas-relief on the wall in the apartment. This method provides for the following actions:

• Models made of plaster, plastic, plasticine and alabaster are created in the right quantity using casting molds.
• They are posted on flat surface, which is covered with plastic film.
• Coat each model with lanolin, which will allow the parts to stick to the surface. Lanolin is absorbed within 1-2 hours, a greasy sheen should appear on the models.
• Make an alabaster or gypsum solution that is used to coat the models. The layer thickness should be 1 cm. The solution is necessary to form anchors and stiffeners.
• Treat the coating with a frame made of soft wire, and its branches are fastened with copper wire.
• Coat the parts with a solution made from cement and sand. The thickness of the layers should be 5cm or more.
• Form a supporting surface, which is called a mold.
• Separate the parts from the table or other material on which the models were laid out using a wedge.
• Protect the inside of the supporting surface with a copper brush, and correct defects with plaster or alabaster.
• Remove the bur from the mold and the chamfer from the internal edge, which is necessary for passing and fastening the parts.
• Lubricate the inside of the mold with lanolin.
• Fill in inner part molds with layer-by-layer balls of casting mass.
• Insert eye molds with handles that will make it easier to reach the casting.
• Fill last layer solution when the eyes are firmly stuck in the last layer.

Modeling technique

Conducted on site, i.e. directly on the wall. This allows you to achieve a high artistic effect. Before sculpting, it is recommended to practice on plasticine. It is worth considering that when working with plaster, the time to correct errors and drips is limited. Gypsum hardens quickly, so sculpting work in one area is completed before work begins on another part of the composition.

Plaster molding can be low flat, high or round. Flat molding is made from a thick mixture that is applied in layers. Each layer is smoothed, which allows you to form a relief and trim its contours. Layers are applied on top of the previous ones when they have not yet dried completely. With each layer, the master must switch to smaller tools.

Materials such as plaster and alabaster are harmful to human skin. They dry it out and irritate it, so creating bas-reliefs from plaster or alabaster requires the novice master to follow the following rules for organizing work:

1. Use rubber gloves.
2. Protect your eyes with goggles that prevent dust and small particles dust gets into your eyes.
3. Wear a respirator when working with the solution.

Such safety measures perfectly protect the lungs and bronchi from dust, plaster and putty. Protective equipment must be worn by the person during the entire period of work. It is not recommended to remove them until finishing touch the bas-relief will not be completed.

It is also important to organize the work process correctly, which guarantees the creation of a beautiful three-dimensional image on the wall. The following recommendations will allow you to create an original bas-relief on the wall of an apartment or house with your own hands:

• Install next to a wall powerful source light to detect any imperfections and correct them before the material hardens.
• Correctly dose the components for the solution so that it is enough to create the entire bas-relief.
• The density of the solution should be optimal. If the mixture turns out to be very thick, then add a little water.
• Before working with a wall, a novice master should practice a little applying the mixture to a wooden surface.
• It’s worth preparing all the tools and containers in advance so that you don’t have to look for them when mixing the mixture or preparing bas-relief parts.

Sketches and stencils

The creation of a stencil design is aimed at taking into account all the wishes and requirements of the apartment residents regarding the bas-relief on the wall. A stencil design is usually understood as a pattern of a design that is made on film, cardboard or very thick paper. In some cases, sheet metal is used. First, fragments of the design are applied to the stencil material, and then individual parts are cut out so that through holes are formed. Next they are painted over contrasting colors, while other parts of the pattern remain white. Other features of creating a stencil include the following features:

• Stencils are divided into multi-layer and single-layer. For bas-reliefs on the walls of residential premises, single-layer stencils are used. They are easier to make yourself.
• To paint through holes, paints based on enamel, acrylic or water and emulsion are used.
• Paints are applied to the wall with a sponge or roller, although special aerosols are often used. It is not recommended to use brushes so as not to deform the boundaries of the picture. The roller prevents paint from flowing under the template.

What patterns should you choose to create stencils and sketches? Preference is given to the following motives:

• Floral - they allow you to create a natural or surreal picture on the wall. Flowers, branches, and trees always look elegant, fitting perfectly into any apartment interior. In addition, flowers are suitable for every room in an apartment or house, they can be applied to the walls in the kitchen and bathroom.
• Animalistic. Elegant images of cats and other animals, including fairy-tale and magical ones, look great on the wall. The image of cats is often used. A continuation of the “cat” theme are traces on the wall of lions, tigers, leopards, and tiger stripes.
• Geometric. This is especially true for direct and simple lines, which can look stylish and intricate.
• Curb. The emphasis is on repeating the same pattern several times. Border stencils are characterized by laconicism and a wide variety of themes - from butterflies to simple ornaments.

Exclusive stencils are often made that reflect the individual features of a home, an adult’s or child’s room, a kitchen, a hallway or a bathroom.

In order to make a stencil yourself, you should adhere to the following rules:

1. Print the drawing original format or scale it to the desired size.
2. Apply a grid on the drawing with cells that measure 1 by 1 centimeter.
3. Apply a grid on another sheet of paper or cardboard that will have larger cells.
4. The grid is needed in order to accurately transfer all the fragments of the drawings.
5. After this, the drawing is transferred to cardboard, film, or metal.
6. Cut the template along the marked lines.
7. The cutting is carried out sharp knife, which will allow you to get smooth and clear boundaries of the lines.

Paper templates cannot be used repeatedly, maximum 2-3 times, since the paper softens from the solution. Paper drawings are suitable for making single bas-reliefs. Film and metal stencils are more durable - they are attached to the wall with double-sided tape.

To make a bas-relief on the wall of an apartment yourself, you must adhere to all the recommendations and rules indicated above. Before starting work, a detailed sketch of the future image is created, tools are purchased, and the workplace and wall are prepared. And only then, without haste, you can start working. The process of making a bas-relief will not take much time if you carefully prepare, illuminate the place of work, consult with specialists and make a durable template.

Often like this design technique usually used for decorating private houses, where the layout includes. In this case, the decor can act not only in the form, but also as a pattern that surrounds the fireplace. In addition, this interior decoration will look great in door and window openings; the main thing here is to choose the right size and texture. Aerobatics is a decorative bas-relief, which will include the presence of lighting. It will make the images more voluminous, creating the impression of 3D graphics.

An important point in using relief decor on the wall is that it does not necessarily require the presence of various colors, as happens in the case of ordinary painting. The main thing here is to choose the lighting wisely; this will allow you to highlight different edges of the image, using only artificial lighting as shown in the photo.

There is a misconception that decorating a house with elements of bas-relief inserts is too expensive. In fact, how to make a bas-relief on the wall with your own hands is quite accessible for beginners. Enough to follow clearly step by step guide, which is presented below. It is supplemented with a video that will allow you to answer many questions that arise during the work.

DIY bas-relief master class for beginners

People who are far from renovation often mistakenly think that such artistic decor is a prefabricated structure, the elements of which are cast from plaster. In fact, it is made by hand, and in essence is a truly original and unique work of art. Each bas-relief is unique in itself, even if the same sketch is used to create it. In principle, creating a three-dimensional drawing on the wall requires certain skills and abilities, as well as careful adherence to technology, however, even beginners can cope with the task.

First you need to decide on the material to create the decor. IN this process can be used various options, for example, plaster, gypsum, alabaster and even clay. However, if you are new to this activity, it is better to start working exclusively with plaster. As a last resort - gypsum-based plaster.

Master class Do-it-yourself bas-relief of a flower from gypsum putty video

After choosing the material, you should begin to create the so-called base, in which the decorative bas-relief on the wall will be created. To do this you need to collect wooden box with low sides, which will require several slats and plywood as a bottom. The dimensions of the resulting box will coincide with the dimensions of the future decor; this should be taken into account when assembling it. Any box that has rigid walls and a base can replace the box.

The base of the box should be covered with film, and it is necessary that there are no folds on it, or you should try to keep their number to a minimum. Then you need to start preparing the solution, which should be carried out exclusively according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The finished solution is poured into the mold. For tall designs you will need reinforcement wire. After pouring the mixture into the box, leave it alone for initial drying; the duration of this period depends entirely on the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Bas-relief in the interior photo in the apartment

Now you can proceed directly to making the bas-relief with your own hands. The main condition here is to create the outline of the future ornament, which then needs to be filled with a mixture, which in turn will be prepared anew. The volume of future decor should be increased step by step, while allowing each previous layer to dry thoroughly. You can draw contours on the surface using a film, covering the surface with it, after which the film is removed.

Master class for beginners Wood bas-relief video

Plaster would be a very good material, since it is very convenient to work with it while it is wet. Due to the pliability of the material, it will be quite possible to remove excess plaster, as well as adjust the shape of the future pattern. Also, plaster that is not dry enough is easily sanded. You should not try to perform several layers at once, since hardening of each segment is a prerequisite.

Additionally, the guide to "creating wall art for beginners" includes the possibility of creating indentations in the future wall panel. The recess is created in two available ways:

• Cutting through the material and removing some of it from the finished model using a chisel.
• Building up the background around a specific point, which ends up being lower.

Most often, a flower is chosen as the basis for the image on the bas-relief, usually a lily or a tulip. Creating a lily with your own hands may initially seem like too difficult a task, but in fact, even a beginner can do this process. It is important to follow every step of the process, which guarantees the creation of a successful relief.

Bas-relief paintings on the walls design photo

Often, lilies are applied directly to the wall, without creating a base in the form of a box. In this case, it is imperative to completely cover the remaining elements of the interior using masking tape to avoid damage. Next, the future base of the drawing must be covered with putty, and then, after waiting for it to dry, apply a primer. It is advisable to use the so-called primer paint as a primer, because due to its properties it allows you to obtain maximum adhesion to the elements of the decorative bas-relief in the future. This composition dries in about three hours.

Marseilles wax is applied with a trowel, which is a quickly hardening material suitable for the starting step. Using a film secured over the entire surface of the future bas-relief, details should be drawn. When securing the film, do not forget to be able to bend it freely; to do this, one edge should be left free.

Bas-relief on the wall in the interior photo in the apartment

Initially, you can outline the outline of the future drawing on the film using a marker. After that, having peeled back the film, you should follow the resulting marks to draw the future lily using the same Marseilles wax, which will be the most successful material if the painting is done directly on the wall, without using a backing.

Typically, the wax used in the work is white. To diversify the bas-relief, you can later cover the frozen flower with a certain composition. However, the main task of the master is to give the bas-relief maximum realism. Acrylic paints can be used as the final layer of decorative finishing for the lily. We must not forget about the finishing layer, which must be used to draw each element of the composition.

Master class on how to create a flower on the wall video lesson

As you can see from the guide above, a bas-relief on a wall is an interesting, but labor-intensive process to create it with your own hands. Beginning craftsmen will need a little perseverance and attention, as well as strict adherence to technology. The important thing here is to stock up on attention and the necessary tools.