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Review of types of decorative plaster for walls. Which decorative plaster to choose - types, features, application technology Decorative plaster types and names

What is plaster, why is it needed and what types are there? These questions are of interest to every person who has decided to do not just ordinary repairs, but good, professionally performed repairs!

After the walls, partitions and roof have been erected, it’s time to start finishing work. The classic option for finishing walls is to cover them with plaster.

Despite the emergence of many new materials, plastering the ceiling and walls remains the most popular way of interior decoration. Its indisputable advantage is considered minimum thickness and durability of the coating, which is often important criterion in the requirements for the finishing method.

A building with high-quality plaster and paint always looks fresh and modern, and its varied textures allow you to recreate any style in the room.

What types of plaster are there? Let's try to figure it out in this article.

This type of work includes finishing walls using ready-made plasterboard sheets- “dry” plaster, applying mixtures to walls - “wet” or monolithic plaster.

Classification

Dry

Factory-made plasterboard sheets are used exclusively for cladding indoor walls. The dimensions and operational characteristics of the material make it possible to carry out work in a short time while obtaining a high-quality final result.

For installation, a galvanized profile is used, which is leveled and fixed to the walls using special brackets.

When placing the profile, take into account the dimensions of the sheets. The drywall is attached to the profile using self-tapping screws. The joints and fastenings are leveled using putty and then cleaned. For final leveling, abrasive meshes of different grain sizes are used.

Advantages:

• Speed ​​of work completion. The efficiency with which the result is achieved is associated with ease of installation and the absence of “wet” processes.
• Tolerance to the qualifications of the performer. The relative ease of installation and the quality of modern materials make it possible to avoid the cost of highly paid specialists.
• Possibility of constructing partitions and multi-level surfaces. The design of profiles and fastenings of plasterboard sheets provides for the installation of internal partitions without walls.

Flaws:

• Exposure to weather conditions.
• In some cases, insufficient strength.

Monolithic

The work of applying plaster mortar to walls for the purpose of leveling or imparting a certain color or texture is called monolithic plaster. The result of such work is a layer resistant to mechanical and atmospheric influences.

Main advantages:

• versatility
• durability
• minimum occupied space

Flaws:

• weighting of the structure
• extended time due to the need to dry each layer
• price

Varieties of wet plaster include ordinary plaster and decorative plaster.

Ordinary plaster is a smooth leveling layer. The main purpose is to prepare walls for further painting or wallpapering.

To give the walls a look that matches overall design buildings use a special type of monolithic decorative plaster.

The main types of decorative plaster are divided by composition plaster mixture and the appearance of the resulting facing coating.

The main element of the mixture is the binder.

1. Lime-based - a traditional time-tested material. The solution is prepared by mixing lime milk and coarse river sand. Ready-made dry mixtures on the market also contain synthetic fibers used for reinforcement.
2. On acrylic base They are distinguished by exceptional adhesion and elasticity, resistant to atmospheric influences. Compositions in this category are indispensable when applied to old paintwork.
3. Polymer-cement based - these are non-flammable “breathing” plasters, modified by the addition of polymers that increase mechanical properties plaster layer.
4. Based on silicone resins, they have increased resistance to mechanical and aggressive atmospheric influences and are not subject to rotting.

Colored decorative

The photo shows colored decorative plaster

Colored plasters contain an acrylic-based binder, quartz sand and dye. In most cases, they are presented in the form of ready-to-use plastic mixtures.

A smooth colored mixture is used when decorating door and window openings with your own hands, internal surfaces walls and ceilings.

For building facades, colored plaster is used in combination with various technologies that produce a variety of effects. The most common and favorite were “bark beetle” and “pebble”.

Stone

Creating a stone “decoration” begins with marking stone rows on a prepared wall.

Using a marking cord, the location of the seams is indicated. The next step is to apply the selected type of plaster coating.

After the mixture has set, it is cut into stones. Having fixed the rule according to the marks, using a cycle, another plastic solution is removed to a depth of no more than a third of the layer thickness.

When preparing the solution, granite or marble chips are chosen as the main filler. Stone mixture is used for finishing structural elements buildings - foundations, corners and columns.

Terrasite

Terrasite plaster mixture is used when cladding facades to imitate rock materials.

Taking into account its density and weight, the surface is prepared by applying relief. On a fresh preparatory layer, a wavy grid of shallow furrows is made. Lines are performed using any suitable tool and placed horizontally in increments of 3-5 cm.

On concrete surfaces the relief pattern is created with a hammer and chisel, and a notch is made for better adhesion of the plaster layer to the base.

Cement, slaked lime and mica are used to prepare the solution. Add quartz sand and stone chips as filler.

Application is carried out on a pre-moistened wall. The work is carried out in two stages. The spray is applied first, after 15-20 minutes they begin to apply the main decorative layer. The next step is to process the terrazite plaster by scraping. The result is a smooth, sparkling surface.

The effect of crushed stone is obtained by driving it into a set covering special tools: scarpel, tongue and groove, chisel. The process is completed by sandblasting the coating.

Sgraffito is a type of plaster in which a relief coating with a pattern or pattern is obtained.

The manufacturing technology of such a decorative coating consists of applying several multi-colored layers and then removing their parts to obtain an ornament.

Each layer is applied followed by leveling and compacting with a trowel. The number of layers may vary. To give improved strength characteristics apply 5-6 layers.

Next, a drawing is applied to the plastered wall. This is done using a stencil and pigment powder or chalk poured into a gauze swab. After placing the picture, they begin to sample the solution. First, along the contour, then in the right places of the drawing, layer by layer is removed with a cutter or scraper.

Thus, sgraffito is a counter-relief, the skillful use of which guarantees an excellent addition to the design.

Venetian or liquid marble

Venetian plaster or liquid marble (price - from 1500 rubles per 25 kg)

Venetian plaster is a material that uses marble flour and an acrylic or lime-based binder.

The secret of production is to apply many thin layers with a unique texture.

This texture of the plaster gives extraordinary visual depth and glow when light is reflected at different depths of the coating.

The multi-layer process, which includes ironing and polishing technology for each layer, requires high qualifications and expensive materials. The result of labor-intensive work will be a 5-mm cladding layer with a mother-of-pearl effect, superior in environmental friendliness and aesthetics to any decorative coating.

How to choose plaster

It is logical to assume that with all the variety of methods and materials for plastering work, the consumer has a question - which plaster is better?

There can be no clear answer. This is explained by the fact that choosing the “right” plaster can only be determined by knowing the specific operating conditions and the method of carrying out the work.

The cost factor plays an important role in the choice. Latest fashion trends brought with them latest materials, sometimes several times more expensive than their analogues, which are quite complete in every sense.

When creating an interior design, the issue of harmonious combination of styles and materials remains relevant. Agree, the “cool Venetian” that creates palace chic will not always be appropriate in a residential apartment. And, conversely, spacious halls and living rooms can look much more attractive when suitable finish walls

The answer to the question of which plaster to choose depends on the interior of the room and the effect you want to achieve.

Plastering technology

Compliance with the rules when preparing the surface and applying plaster is the key to durability and preservation of the appearance of the coating.

Instructions:

Necessary conditions for best adhesion are thorough cleaning of the wall from construction dust and dirt, as well as hydration. In cases where it is necessary to remove soot from the walls, use a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid.

Lime-gypsum mixtures are used for plastering wooden walls. They are applied to reinforced shingles.

When finishing concrete panels, a preparatory layer of cement laitance is applied first. Such liquid solution will give the surface the roughness necessary for better bonding of the base with the plaster layer.

Any plaster coating consists of several layers. The first layer serves as a leveling layer and is called a spray. The second layer is the soil, the last one is fine coating. For ordinary plaster this is limited.

In decorative plaster there can be several finishing layers (up to 8); they are called covering. The total thickness of the layers should not exceed 20 mm. When correcting irregularities exceeding this number, cement mortars with a reinforcing mesh are used.

It should be noted that regardless of the type of plaster, the work must be performed in one step over the entire surface of the wall. Otherwise, coating defects may occur due to minor changes in color and texture.

The work is carried out from top to bottom using previously placed beacons. To apply the next layer, you must ensure that the previous one has hardened.

It is important to prevent cracks from appearing. This occurs when the layer dries quickly under conditions high temperature air or when exposed to direct sun rays. In the hot season, they resort to periodically moistening the treated wall.

To apply the mixture to the slopes, use a trowel or spatula. Leveling is carried out using a hammer according to established rules. To work with large, flat walls, use a plaster ladle and a long trowel.

Bottom line

The types of plaster are so diverse that you can carry out repairs of any complexity and bring any idea to life! All we can do is wish you good luck and offer a video in this article.

Photo gallery

The final stage of renovation of a room is the finishing of the walls. One of the most popular finishing materials is decorative plaster. Demand creates supply! Today, building materials stores offer customers a large selection of high-quality putty. So, what types of decorative plaster for walls are available?

Depending on the type of main connecting element, decorative putty is classified into several subgroups.

Mineral

The main binding component is cement. Mineral plaster is produced in the form of dry mixtures. To obtain a solution, you must mix the dry mixture with water (the appropriate proportions must be indicated on the original packaging). Using construction mixer or a regular drill with a special attachment, mix a solution of uniform consistency.

The key qualities are hypoallergenicity of the material used, moisture resistance, strength, good air circulation and low cost. Unfortunately, after some period of time, cracks and chips may occur.

Acrylic

Acrylic resin(high molecular weight polymer) is the main component of this type of putty. Due to its elasticity and strength after application, it is in great demand among repair teams. One of the key features is that acrylic plaster is sold as a ready-to-use mixture. Applied to various surfaces: concrete, aluminum, brick and wood. However, it was not without its drawbacks. During operation, it was noted that acrylic type putty is characterized by low vapor permeability, and also loses its properties and cracks under the influence of active UV rays.

Silicate

Links elements liquid glass. Implemented in finished form, which is very convenient to use. Due to the component composition that is unsafe for human health, it is used exclusively for decorating the appearance of building facades. It is difficult to work with silicate plaster; the mixture dries quickly.

Despite some shortcomings, it has the following positive qualities: no special care is required, easy to clean with plain water, high degree of fire resistance, elasticity, resistance to UV rays, dust and various contaminants.

Silicone

The basis of silicone putty is synthetic resin. Ready-made mixture various colors sold in specialized construction stores. It is highly popular and is used as a material for exterior and interior decoration.

The mass is so easy to use, even a novice master can easily handle it. Has a good degree of elasticity and high level moisture resistance. The disadvantages include the cost of the product. Among all the types of wall plaster described above, this option is the most expensive.

Types of plaster by type of filler

Modern putty on a decorative basis may differ in the type of filler.

Textured

This material is based predominantly mineral chips marble and granite types, mica, small stones, wood and flax fibers. Widely used for interior decoration, as well as for decorating brick, wood and concrete walls With outside building. Key Feature– elimination of various irregularities on surfaces.

Textured finishing options have a number of advantages: high moisture resistance and breathability, beautiful and stylish design. It is possible to imitate the texture of natural leather, wood, natural stone and fabric. The price range is designed for a buyer with an average income level.

Structural

Thin-layer material characterized by a heterogeneous granular texture. The basis is a silicate or acrylic mixture. Characterized by high impact resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to various kinds mechanical stress and temperature changes. Masters count excellent material for decorating corridors and bathrooms.

Also applicable for finishing external facades, country houses, gazebos, fences and gates.

Venetian

A homogeneous mixture with the addition of lime and marble chips was popular back in ancient Rome. At first glance at a wall decorated with Venetian putty, it seems that marble and onyx were used as finishing materials. For an ideal appearance it is necessary to apply about 5-6 layers.

Each layer is applied in a thin layer. Venetian plaster requires special professionalism and experience; not every master is able to perform high-quality wall finishing with this material.

Specific types

In addition to the types of putties described above, there are many other types of plaster used for finishing internal and external surfaces. Less popular, but no less practical and unique, are the following options:

1. Flock. Due to the addition of cellulose and silk fibers, the wall resembles a delicate silk fabric. It has excellent moisture resistance and sound insulation.
2. Roller room. Made from natural materials various sizes roller plaster gives the walls an original look appearance. After complete drying, recesses in the form of interlacing channels are visible.
3. African. Suitable for interior decoration in ethnic style. Visually resembles the skin of a crocodile or snake. For greater effectiveness of the result, coating with varnish, paint, glitter or wax is allowed.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Thanks to its special texture, excellent performance qualities and a wide variety of assortments, decorative plaster has won the sympathy of many designers.

Key advantages include:

• leveling out unevenness;
• elimination of defects (cracks, chips, indelible stains) on the walls;
• excellent sound-absorbing characteristics;
• moisture resistance and resistance to temperature changes;
• good breathability;
• the ability to create an original and stylish design;
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• durability;
• variety of material textures.

Decorative plaster is a solution used for finishing walls outside public buildings and private houses, as well as inside apartments, offices and other premises. Its main purpose is to improve the aesthetic and decorative qualities of the surface. In this article we will consider all types of decorative plaster for walls.

The word “plaster” is of Italian origin and is literally translated as “plaster” or “alabaster”. The composition of the plaster mixture for decoration has common components with ordinary plaster- this is sand, lime, cement, but its main difference is the addition of various granules - dry bulk substances in the form of small granules, for example, stone chips, wood fibers, etc.

• Decorative plasters can be sold ready-made, that is, previously diluted with water or a special solvent, such mixtures can be immediately used for work. Dry components can also be supplied, which must be diluted according to the instructions before application.
• Depending on the final result and the design idea, you can independently add various fillers to the decorative plaster: small pieces of mica, shells or small pebbles, which, after the layer of plaster has hardened, will look organic on the wall. In addition, in this way it is possible to achieve the effect of additional surface volume.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

The surface can be decorated in various ways, for example, simple plaster can decorate a wall, giving it a perfectly smooth structure. Of course, thanks to the special composition, it became possible to obtain a relief effect, achieve a glossy surface or imitate any natural materials without much effort.

Decorative plaster is distinguished according to several principles. For example, by type of filler it can be:

• textured;
• structural;
• Venetian

Textured and structural appearance form a rough surface and are usually called relief plasters, while Venetian plasters form a perfectly smooth surface, so they are classified as a smooth type of plasters.

All of the listed types are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to which they are considered safe, reliable and durable materials.

There are several types of plaster based on the binder used.

• Acrylic. The binder is a high molecular weight polymer (acrylic resin), which ensures good elasticity of the applied layer. It may contain organic and inorganic pigments, thanks to which the composition acquires different colors. Acrylic decorative plaster is sold as ready mixture. The disadvantage of this type of coating is low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Plaster is also susceptible to UV rays, and over time the coating may begin to crack. Acrylic resin in the composition allows you to paint the mixture in any desired color using pigment pastes.

• Mineral. The binder is cement. It has a relatively low price and is most often produced in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before use. An excellent option for decorative plaster for bathroom walls and for exterior use. In humid weather, add a little less water to the solution. Considered the most environmentally friendly decorative material. Over time, such a coating only becomes stronger, has good resistance to UV rays, but is afraid of mechanical damage, in addition, it is not advisable to wash it with devices using high pressure. The standard color for this type of plaster is light.
• Silicone. The binding component is synthetic resins. It is applied for exterior finishing and at interior work Ah, it has plasticity and ease of application. They are resistant to UV rays and do not attract dust and foreign odors. When applied, it forms a moisture-repellent layer, due to which silicone decorative plaster is used for cladding external walls in areas of high humidity. Available in the form of a ready-made mixture in various colors.
• Silicate. The binder is liquid glass (alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide). It is distinguished by the high strength of the applied layer, resistance to mold and rot, as well as the ability to repel water. The mixture has impregnating, adhesive and astringent qualities. It can be used on almost any surface and has excellent fire resistance and vapor permeability. Supplied as a ready-mix in various color shades. One of the most reliable plasters, its service life can reach 50 years or more.

Silicate and silicone plasters are most often used for finishing facades and during construction in humid climates.

Textured plaster

• This is a plaster with a coarse, highly viscous structure. The filler is flax fibers, wood, mica, mineral chips (granite, marble) or small pebbles. It is used for decorating brick, concrete, plastered, and also wooden surfaces. Great for exterior finishing and interior works.

• Thanks to special particles in the composition, textured plaster hides large defects and most surface irregularities. It requires virtually no preliminary preparation walls, it is enough to dry and clean them; if there are peeling coatings, they should be removed, and then an adhesive composition or a special “concrete contact” solution should be applied, this is necessary for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
• The applied layer is highly hard, waterproof and forms an air-permeable coating. The resulting surface can be an imitation of natural stone, genuine leather, wood or fabric. Among the types of decorative plaster, textured is the most common; in addition, it has a relatively low price.
• The plaster is supplied for sale in various containers, weighing 9, 18, and 50 kg, dry and ready for use. It can be tinted in any color when applied, or painted after drying. Average consumption up to 2 kg per 1 m2. The larger the filler, the more composition is required to apply one layer. It is not recommended to use plaster for external work during rainy or humid weather, and at temperatures up to + 7 degrees.
• You can apply textured plaster without using highly specialized tools, and there is no need to involve professionals; even when decorating the walls yourself, you get many design options.

Subtypes of textured plaster

• Lamb- the plaster has stone grains of various sizes, is applied to mineral bases, the surface is rough and evenly grained.

• Fur coat- the surface after application is rough, in the form of a slight “hairiness”, the main component of this mixture is cement.

• Bark beetle- composite plaster, with fine stone filler, when applied, forms a grooved texture reminiscent of the surface of corroded wood.

The peculiarity of textured plaster is that the surface relief appears immediately after application.

Structural plaster

• A material with a thin-layer structure, made on an acrylic or silicate base. Marble chips or quartz elements are used as a structure-forming substance. Outwardly it looks like a granular heterogeneous mass. It is used for decorating walls indoors and finishing facades.

• It may be fine-grained and look like an almost even layer when applied, or medium-grained; after such plaster dries, a peculiar relief appears. Has good adhesion to most mineral surfaces, plasterboard and chipboard.
• Structural plaster forms a layer with excellent breathability, resistant to moisture and atmospheric conditions. Available in 9, 18 and 50 kg packages. Supplied as a ready-made mixture, adding coloring pigments to the composition is not allowed. Apply with a trowel to a dry, clean surface, pre-treated with a deep penetration primer. The consumption rate when applied in one layer is 3 kg per m2.
• Not recommended for use in wet areas or during rain during outdoor work, the air temperature should be above +7 degrees. Plaster can be applied using various methods and tools: a smooth spatula, a roller or a sprayer. So, to obtain the effect of waves, coarse-grained plaster is used, which is applied in a circular motion using a spatula.
• Very often, structural plaster is used for finishing walls in corridors and bathrooms, as well as for finishing facades, fences and gates. For interior work, it is recommended to use material made from water based, quick-drying and odorless. The resulting surface is quite impact-resistant and resistant to mechanical damage. Wet cleaning of the plastered wall is allowed.

Venetian plaster

• This phrase appeared as a result of the literal translation of the phrase “stucco veneziano”. It is a decorative multilayer coating. This plaster mixture is made with the addition of marble chips and slaked lime. It has a fairly homogeneous structure. It became widespread in ancient Rome when working with marble there was a lot of dust and fine particles, which began to be used as a cladding material.

• Visually, the finished layer resembles the surface of natural marble or onyx. The right finish Venetian plaster requires special skill. It should be applied with a flexible rubber spatula, in thin strokes, in several layers (5-6), each of which requires thorough drying. The material is quite expensive, but the resulting effect fully justifies its price. Most often, Venetian plaster is used in rooms decorated in antique or classic style, as well as in the Baroque style.
• Thanks to various application methods, you can achieve a matte or glossy surface. Plaster is intended for indoor use only. The mixture can be tinted. Available in containers of 8 and 16 kg. The surface to be decorated must be clean, level and dry. Before facing the walls, it is recommended to pre-reinforce them, and then putty and prime them. If the technology is violated, cracks may form on the decorative plaster, which are very difficult to get rid of.
• In addition to the stone surface, Venetian plaster can imitate precious metals, due to special coloring with special pigments. Using this type of finishing indoors, you can achieve the effect of increasing space due to the refraction of light. This coating often acts as a basis for complex panels and frescoes.

Specific types of decorative plaster

• Colored plaster - made on the basis of acrylic and marble chips. Has high adhesion to mineral surfaces, water resistance and sufficient hardness. The color range is represented by fifteen shades. Apply to a dry, cleaned surface in one layer. To prevent noticeable joints, the mixture must be brought to the corner. Equally suitable for both external and internal work.

• Roller plaster- contains filler natural origin various fractions from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. When applied, a texture with small channels-indentations is formed. It is used for decorating facades and decorating walls inside office and residential premises. Tinting or surface painting is allowed. It is applied to the surface with a wide spatula and then rubbed with a trowel in circular, cross-shaped, vertical or horizontal movements.

• Latex plastic- allows you to create a smooth coating with a slight gloss, imitating the texture of smooth stone or marble, as well as various relief surfaces. The material is resistant to cracking and has high moisture resistance, making the plastered surface easy to clean. The mixture can be tinted in different colors to achieve the effect of structure natural stone, do not mix the colors thoroughly. The mixture is applied only to smooth walls, previously plastered and treated with a deep penetration primer.

• "Wet Silk"- the coating, reminiscent of the surface of a fabric, contains mother-of-pearl particles, the iridescence of which imitates the iridescence of flowing silk. Tinting in any color is allowed; initially several color variations are available: white, gold, garnet, silver and bronze. The resulting surface is highly moisture resistant and tolerates wet cleaning. An excellent option for decorative plaster for kitchen walls.
• "Sea breeze"- the coating has a translucent structure, with a slight pearlescent tint. Fine-grained sand is added to the composition. It can be tinted and is available in several basic colors: gold, white, garnet, bronze and chameleon. Used for interior decoration.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Decorative coating based on plaster has won the love of many designers, thanks to special properties and qualities that distinguish it from other materials for interior decoration.

• Able to hide unevenness and defects of the surface being decorated;
• can be applied to most known materials (brick, stone, concrete, wood, drywall and many other coatings);
• does not absorb odors;
• has high sound-absorbing properties;
• has a unique and inimitable design;
• application does not require special surface preparation;
• is different high performance resistance to any weather conditions;
• The resulting coating has breathable properties;
• forms a moisture- and frost-resistant layer;
• thanks to its special plasticity, it is possible to process structures of any complexity, as well as create all kinds of patterns and designs;
• forms an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress;

Decorative plaster of walls in the apartment

To obtain a high-quality decorative coating, the solution should be applied using tools that are free from defects, damage, chips, cracks or nicks. Each type of plaster mixture requires its own finishing methods and techniques to give the surface expressiveness and special artistic properties.

Venetian plaster

• Venetian plaster, to develop the required pattern, requires multi-layer application. The work is carried out using stainless steel painting tools of various widths (trowel, spatula). The main layer is applied with the widest tool, leaving gaps on the surface. The strokes are made wide and asymmetrical. All subsequent layers must cover the gaps of the previous application. To make it more expressive, each layer can have its own color shade.

• The applied layers are dried one by one, each of them is leveled and additionally ground with a smooth steel tool. This method is called ironing, due to which the surface acquires glossy look. If additional shine is required, the plaster can be coated with a special varnish or wax. Due to translucent layers, the effect of depth and volume is achieved.

Relief decorative plaster

• Finishing with relief decorative plaster occurs a little differently. In this case, no special treatment of the walls is required, as for applying smooth plasters. It is enough to delete the old ones Decoration Materials(painting, wallpaper, whitewashing), clean and dry the surface.
• After which the walls are treated with a primer. This procedure is carried out about a day before finishing with relief plaster. It is best if the primer composition has antibacterial properties that prevent the development of fungi and mold.
• The plaster mixture is applied to the primed surface with a wide soft spatula. Immediately after this, it is necessary to give the layer a relief. This should be done very quickly, as the composition sets instantly.

• You can obtain the desired pattern on textured plaster using tools such as spatulas, sponges, rollers, smoothers or stencils. For example, when using a rubber roller, you should wet it in water before each application of texture. The work is carried out immediately over the entire area of ​​the wall (from corner to corner), otherwise noticeable seams cannot be avoided.

Structural plaster

• Structural plaster is applied with a stainless steel trowel. The layer should be slightly larger than the grain size. The treated surface is kept for 2-3 minutes, and then smoothed in a circle with a plastic trowel.
• This method ensures uniform distribution of the granules contained in the composition over the treated surface. Excess mixture is regularly removed from the trowel with a small spatula.
• Structural plaster, like textured plaster, forms joints during application, so work is carried out from corner to corner at a time.

Advice: if there is a need to paint relief plaster, then you should do this 10-14 days after application.

Basic coating care

The decorative coating formed by relief or smooth plaster is quite durable and resistant to mechanical damage and atmospheric conditions, so no special care is required in the first year after application.

• This material does not absorb odors and does not attract dust, and also contains water-repellent substances, due to which the surface, if necessary, can be easily washed with ordinary detergents without chemical fillers. When cleaning, it is better to use a soft cloth or sponge, avoiding hard brushes, metal scrapers, pumice stones or plastic.
• To increase the service life of the plaster coating, special waxes or glazing compounds are applied over the dried decorative layer. Artificial or beeswax helps to increase the waterproofing of the surface, and when applied to Venetian plaster, it provides additional shine.
• The wax composition is supplied ready-made. With its help, you can emphasize the smallest details and the depth of the relief of applied decorating mixtures, while increasing their resistance to mechanical stress, and providing additional protection from dust, dirt and moisture. Protective wax is available in two versions: with a mother-of-pearl effect, having a silver-white tint, and in a translucent form, with a yellowish tint.

• This product must be applied in a double layer using a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polished with a soft cloth. Wax surfaces cannot be cleaned with solvents; only a soap solution or clean water is allowed.
• Glazing is an almost transparent, light coating designed to give an additional shade; in addition, it adds volume and emphasizes the contours of the relief. May have several shades imitating gold-plated, silver or bronze surface, as well as simply white, transparent or iridescent color. The product is applied with a brush, sponge, rubber spatula or special mitten. Can be washed with detergents or soapy water.

Protective compounds are used for all types of plaster used for finishing walls indoors and outdoors. Thanks to such means, it will last longer, will not crumble or crumble, which means its maintenance will be minimal.

How to renew a decorative plaster coating

If you need to remove decorative coating from a wall, you can use several methods:

• repainting in a different color - done when it is necessary to change the color scheme;
• removal to the concrete base - when it is necessary to apply another version of plaster;
• puttying over the layer to a smooth, even wall - such a surface can be finished light decorative material, such as wallpaper.

Decorative plaster for walls video

When choosing decorative plaster, it is impossible to say which type is better or worse. It all depends on everyone’s personal preference and the requirements put forward for the finished result, as well as the availability of a certain budget, because the price of decorative plaster for walls sometimes differs by an order of magnitude. One mixture is quite easy to apply, for example, textured and structural, and you can do it yourself, but for application Venetian plaster the involvement of specialists will be required. You must remember this when purchasing decorative coating.

Decorative plaster is a solution used for finishing walls outside public buildings and private houses, as well as inside apartments, offices and other premises. Its main purpose is to improve the aesthetic and decorative qualities of the surface. In this article we will consider all types of decorative plaster for walls.

The word “plaster” is of Italian origin and is literally translated as “plaster” or “alabaster”. The composition of the plaster mixture for decoration has common components with conventional plaster - sand, lime, cement, but its main difference is the addition of various granules - dry bulk substances in the form of small granules, for example, stone chips, wood fibers, etc.

• Decorative plasters can be sold ready-made, that is, previously diluted with water or a special solvent, such mixtures can be immediately used for work. Dry components can also be supplied, which must be diluted according to the instructions before application.
• Depending on the final result and the design idea, you can independently add various fillers to the decorative plaster: small pieces of mica, shells or small pebbles, which, after the layer of plaster has hardened, will look organic on the wall. In addition, in this way it is possible to achieve the effect of additional surface volume.

Types of decorative plaster for walls

The surface can be decorated in various ways, for example, simple plaster can decorate a wall, giving it a perfectly smooth structure. Of course, thanks to the special composition, it became possible to obtain a relief effect, achieve a glossy surface or imitate any natural materials without much effort.

Decorative plaster is distinguished according to several principles. For example, by type of filler it can be:

• textured;
• structural;
• Venetian

Textured and structural appearance form a rough surface and are usually called relief plasters, while Venetian plasters form a perfectly smooth surface, so they are classified as a smooth type of plasters.

All of the listed types are made on the basis of environmentally friendly substances, due to which they are considered safe, reliable and durable materials.

There are several types of plaster based on the binder used.

• Acrylic. The binder is a high molecular weight polymer (acrylic resin), which ensures good elasticity of the applied layer. It may contain organic and inorganic pigments, thanks to which the composition acquires different colors. Acrylic decorative plaster is sold as a ready-made mixture. The disadvantage of this type of coating is low vapor permeability, so the material is limited in use. Plaster is also susceptible to UV rays, and over time the coating may begin to crack. Acrylic resin in the composition allows you to paint the mixture in any desired color using pigment pastes.

• Mineral. The binder is cement. It has a relatively low price and is most often produced in the form of a dry mixture, which must be diluted with water before use. An excellent option for decorative plaster for bathroom walls and for exterior use. In humid weather, add a little less water to the solution. It is considered the most environmentally friendly decorative material. Over time, such a coating only becomes stronger, has good resistance to UV rays, but is afraid of mechanical damage, in addition, it is not advisable to wash it with devices using high pressure. The standard color for this type of plaster is light.
• Silicone. The binding component is synthetic resins. It is used for exterior finishing and interior work; it is flexible and easy to apply. They are resistant to UV rays and do not attract dust and foreign odors. When applied, it forms a moisture-repellent layer, due to which silicone decorative plaster is used for cladding external walls in areas of high humidity. Available in the form of a ready-made mixture in various colors.
• Silicate. The binder is liquid glass (alkaline potassium carbonate, quartz sand and potassium hydroxide). It is distinguished by the high strength of the applied layer, resistance to mold and rot, as well as the ability to repel water. The mixture has impregnating, adhesive and astringent qualities. It can be used on almost any surface and has excellent fire resistance and vapor permeability. Supplied as a ready-mix in various color shades. One of the most reliable plasters, its service life can reach 50 years or more.

Silicate and silicone plasters are most often used for finishing facades and during construction in humid climates.

Textured plaster

• This is a plaster with a coarse, highly viscous structure. The filler is flax fibers, wood, mica, mineral chips (granite, marble) or small pebbles. It is used for decorating brick, concrete, plastered, and wooden surfaces. Excellent for exterior decoration and interior work.

• Thanks to special particles in the composition, textured plaster hides large defects and most surface irregularities. To apply it, practically no preliminary preparation of the walls is required; it is enough to dry and clean them; if there are peeling coatings, they should be removed, and then an adhesive composition or a special “concrete contact” solution should be applied, this is necessary for reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall.
• The applied layer is highly hard, waterproof and forms an air-permeable coating. The resulting surface can be an imitation of natural stone, genuine leather, wood or fabric. Among the types of decorative plaster, textured is the most common; in addition, it has a relatively low price.
• The plaster is supplied for sale in various containers, weighing 9, 18, and 50 kg, dry and ready for use. It can be tinted in any color when applied, or painted after drying. Average consumption up to 2 kg per 1 m2. The larger the filler, the more composition is required to apply one layer. It is not recommended to use plaster for external work during rainy or humid weather, and at temperatures up to + 7 degrees.
• You can apply textured plaster without using highly specialized tools, and there is no need to involve professionals; even when decorating the walls yourself, you get many design options.

Subtypes of textured plaster

• Lamb- the plaster has stone grains of various sizes, is applied to mineral bases, the surface is rough and evenly grained.

• Fur coat- the surface after application is rough, in the form of a slight “hairiness”, the main component of this mixture is cement.

• Bark beetle- composite plaster, with fine stone filler, when applied, forms a grooved texture reminiscent of the surface of corroded wood.

The peculiarity of textured plaster is that the surface relief appears immediately after application.

Structural plaster

• A material with a thin-layer structure, made on an acrylic or silicate base. Marble chips or quartz elements are used as a structure-forming substance. Outwardly it looks like a granular heterogeneous mass. It is used for decorating walls indoors and finishing facades.

• It may be fine-grained and look like an almost even layer when applied, or medium-grained; after such plaster dries, a peculiar relief appears. Has good adhesion to most mineral surfaces, plasterboard and chipboard.
• Structural plaster forms a layer with excellent breathability, resistant to moisture and atmospheric conditions. Available in 9, 18 and 50 kg packages. Supplied as a ready-made mixture, adding coloring pigments to the composition is not allowed. Apply with a trowel to a dry, clean surface, pre-treated with a deep penetration primer. The consumption rate when applied in one layer is 3 kg per m2.
• It is not recommended to use in damp rooms or during rain during outdoor work; the air temperature should be above +7 degrees. Plaster can be applied using various methods and tools: a smooth spatula, a roller or a sprayer. So, to obtain the effect of waves, coarse-grained plaster is used, which is applied in a circular motion using a spatula.
• Very often, structural plaster is used for finishing walls in corridors and bathrooms, as well as for finishing facades, fences and gates. For interior work, it is recommended to use water-based, quick-drying and odorless material. The resulting surface is quite impact-resistant and resistant to mechanical damage. Wet cleaning of the plastered wall is allowed.

Venetian plaster

• This phrase appeared as a result of the literal translation of the phrase “stucco veneziano”. It is a decorative multilayer coating. This plaster mixture is made with the addition of marble chips and slaked lime. It has a fairly homogeneous structure. It became widespread back in ancient Rome, when when working with marble, a lot of dust and small particles remained, which began to be used as a material for cladding.

• Visually, the finished layer resembles the surface of natural marble or onyx. Proper finishing with Venetian plaster requires special skill. It should be applied with a flexible rubber spatula, in thin strokes, in several layers (5-6), each of which requires thorough drying. The material is quite expensive, but the resulting effect fully justifies its price. Most often, Venetian plaster is used in rooms decorated in antique or classical style, as well as in the Baroque style.
• Thanks to various application methods, you can achieve a matte or glossy surface. Plaster is intended for indoor use only. The mixture can be tinted. Available in containers of 8 and 16 kg. The surface to be decorated must be clean, level and dry. Before facing the walls, it is recommended to pre-reinforce them, and then putty and prime them. If the technology is violated, cracks may form on the decorative plaster, which are very difficult to get rid of.
• In addition to the stone surface, Venetian plaster can imitate precious metals, due to special coloring with special pigments. Using this type of finishing indoors, you can achieve the effect of increasing space due to the refraction of light. This coating often acts as a basis for complex panels and frescoes.

Specific types of decorative plaster

• Colored plaster - made on the basis of acrylic and marble chips. It has high adhesion to mineral surfaces, water resistance and sufficient hardness. The color range is represented by fifteen shades. Apply to a dry, cleaned surface in one layer. To prevent noticeable joints, the mixture must be brought to the corner. Equally suitable for both external and internal work.

• Roller plaster- contains filler of natural origin of various fractions from 1 mm to 2.5 mm. When applied, a texture with small channels-indentations is formed. It is used for decorating facades and decorating walls inside office and residential premises. Tinting or surface painting is allowed. It is applied to the surface with a wide spatula and then rubbed with a trowel in circular, cross-shaped, vertical or horizontal movements.

• Latex plastic- allows you to create a smooth coating with a slight gloss, imitating the texture of smooth stone or marble, as well as various relief surfaces. The material is resistant to cracking and has high moisture resistance, making the plastered surface easy to clean. The mixture can be tinted in various colors, but in order to achieve the effect of the structure of natural stone, the colors should not be thoroughly mixed. The mixture is applied only to smooth walls, previously plastered and treated with a deep penetration primer.

• "Wet Silk"- the coating, reminiscent of the surface of a fabric, contains mother-of-pearl particles, the iridescence of which imitates the iridescence of flowing silk. Tinting in any color is allowed; initially several color variations are available: white, gold, garnet, silver and bronze. The resulting surface is highly moisture resistant and tolerates wet cleaning. An excellent option for decorative plaster for kitchen walls.
• "Sea breeze"- the coating has a translucent structure, with a slight pearlescent tint. Fine-grained sand is added to the composition. It can be tinted and is available in several basic colors: gold, white, garnet, bronze and chameleon. Used for interior decoration.

Advantages of decorative plaster

Decorative coating based on plaster has won the love of many designers, thanks to the special properties and qualities that distinguish it from other materials for interior decoration.

• Able to hide unevenness and defects of the surface being decorated;
• can be applied to most known materials (brick, stone, concrete, wood, drywall and many other coatings);
• does not absorb odors;
• has high sound-absorbing properties;
• has a unique and inimitable design;
• application does not require special surface preparation;
• is characterized by high levels of resistance to any atmospheric phenomena;
• The resulting coating has breathable properties;
• forms a moisture- and frost-resistant layer;
• thanks to its special plasticity, it is possible to process structures of any complexity, as well as create all kinds of patterns and designs;
• forms an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress;

Decorative plaster of walls in the apartment

To obtain a high-quality decorative coating, the solution should be applied using tools that are free from defects, damage, chips, cracks or nicks. Each type of plaster mixture requires its own finishing methods and techniques to give the surface expressiveness and special artistic properties.

Venetian plaster

• Venetian plaster, to develop the required pattern, requires multi-layer application. The work is carried out using stainless steel painting tools of various widths (trowel, spatula). The main layer is applied with the widest tool, leaving gaps on the surface. The strokes are made wide and asymmetrical. All subsequent layers must cover the gaps of the previous application. To make it more expressive, each layer can have its own color shade.

• The applied layers are dried one by one, each of them is leveled and additionally ground with a smooth steel tool. This method is called ironing, due to which the surface acquires a glossy appearance. If additional shine is required, the plaster can be coated with a special varnish or wax. Due to translucent layers, the effect of depth and volume is achieved.

Relief decorative plaster

• Finishing with relief decorative plaster occurs a little differently. In this case, no special treatment of the walls is required, as for applying smooth plasters. It is enough to remove old finishing materials (painting, wallpaper, whitewash), clean and dry the surface.
• After which the walls are treated with a primer. This procedure is carried out about a day before finishing with relief plaster. It is best if the primer composition has antibacterial properties that prevent the development of fungi and mold.
• The plaster mixture is applied to the primed surface with a wide soft spatula. Immediately after this, it is necessary to give the layer a relief. This should be done very quickly, as the composition sets instantly.

• You can obtain the desired pattern on textured plaster using tools such as spatulas, sponges, rollers, smoothers or stencils. For example, when using a rubber roller, you should wet it in water before each application of texture. The work is carried out immediately over the entire area of ​​the wall (from corner to corner), otherwise noticeable seams cannot be avoided.

Structural plaster

• Structural plaster is applied with a stainless steel trowel. The layer should be slightly larger than the grain size. The treated surface is kept for 2-3 minutes, and then smoothed in a circle with a plastic trowel.
• This method ensures uniform distribution of the granules contained in the composition over the treated surface. Excess mixture is regularly removed from the trowel with a small spatula.
• Structural plaster, like textured plaster, forms joints during application, so work is carried out from corner to corner at a time.

Advice: if there is a need to paint relief plaster, then you should do this 10-14 days after application.

Basic coating care

The decorative coating formed by relief or smooth plaster is quite durable and resistant to mechanical damage and atmospheric conditions, so no special care is required in the first year after application.

• This material does not absorb odors and does not attract dust, and also contains water-repellent substances, due to which the surface, if necessary, can be easily washed with ordinary detergents without chemical fillers. When cleaning, it is better to use a soft cloth or sponge, avoiding hard brushes, metal scrapers, pumice stones or plastic.
• To increase the service life of the plaster coating, special waxes or glazing compounds are applied over the dried decorative layer. Artificial or beeswax helps increase the waterproofing of the surface, and when applied to Venetian plaster, it provides additional shine.
• The wax composition is supplied ready-made. With its help, you can emphasize the smallest details and the depth of the relief of applied decorating mixtures, while increasing their resistance to mechanical stress, and providing additional protection from dust, dirt and moisture. Protective wax is available in two versions: with a mother-of-pearl effect, having a silver-white tint, and in a translucent form, with a yellowish tint.

• This product must be applied in a double layer using a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polished with a soft cloth. Wax surfaces cannot be cleaned with solvents; only a soap solution or clean water is allowed.
• Glazing is an almost transparent, light coating designed to give an additional shade; in addition, it adds volume and emphasizes the contours of the relief. It can have several shades that imitate gold-plated, silver or bronze surfaces, as well as simply white, transparent or iridescent color. The product is applied with a brush, sponge, rubber spatula or special mitten. Can be washed with detergents or soapy water.

Protective compounds are used for all types of plaster used for finishing walls indoors and outdoors. Thanks to such means, it will last longer, will not crumble or crumble, which means its maintenance will be minimal.

How to renew a decorative plaster coating

If you need to remove decorative coating from a wall, you can use several methods:

• repainting in a different color - done when it is necessary to change the color scheme;
• removal to the concrete base - when it is necessary to apply another version of plaster;
• puttying over the layer to a smooth, even wall - such a surface can be finished with a light decorative material, for example, wallpaper.

Decorative plaster for walls video

When choosing decorative plaster, it is impossible to say which type is better or worse. It all depends on everyone’s personal preference and the requirements put forward for the finished result, as well as the availability of a certain budget, because the price of decorative plaster for walls sometimes differs by an order of magnitude. It is quite easy to apply one mixture, for example, textured and structural, and you can do it yourself, but applying Venetian plaster will require the involvement of specialists. You must remember this when purchasing decorative coating.