How to correctly lay wood concrete blocks. We are building a private house from wood concrete blocks. stage. Construction of the basement of a house made of wood concrete
At this stage of development construction technologies arbolite blocks are very popular. They are quite practical and reliable; laying wood concrete blocks is not particularly difficult.
What are arbolite blocks
Mass production of wood concrete blocks began in the middle of the 20th century. Then this material began to be in extraordinary demand.
Wood concrete and all building materials produced from it have passed all stages of testing.
Note. After tests carried out by scientists, it was found that such material is considered the most optimal for the construction of a residential building.
It is a mixture of:
- Portland cement.
- Sulfate cement.
- Wood processing industry waste (shavings, sawdust, etc.).
- Binding elements.
- Mineral enzymes.
- Organic cellulose raw materials.
- Chemical additives.
- Water.
The manufacturing process of such material is quite complex and requires special knowledge. But that doesn't bother me to the common man make it yourself. This option is also possible.
Technical characteristics and properties of arbolite blocks
According to its structure, the arbolite block contains about 90% wood materials. This percentage makes it possible to consider the material itself environmentally friendly, which does not harm human health and the environment.
Material Features:
- Arbolite blocks have excellent sound and heat insulation. According to the latter indicator, they are several times superior to brick.
Thanks to the properties of this material, it is possible to create favorable microclimate and constantly maintain the same temperature.
Important! It is worth considering that if the building is built of brick or any other building material, then when the structure is heated, its walls will first warm up and only then the internal air. With the use of wood concrete blocks, the air in the room is initially heated and only then the material itself.
- The strength of wood concrete is determined by its structure and composition of raw materials. Since it consists of a fairly large amount and variety of cement mortars and binders, the density of the structure will be quite high, which gives reliability to the material.
- Arbolite blocks are not able to respond to wet weather or climatic conditions (external climate or internal microclimate).
Even if the house is not heated for a long period of time, dampness will not be present in it. They do not absorb moisture and are not deformed. - The material can easily withstand exposure to a direct source of fire. This is due to the fact that it contains cement and chemical additives, which not only increase strength, but also protect the material from various kinds influences.
- The main advantage of wood concrete is its resistance to rotting. They will never start in it various insects or rodents.
It is a frost-resistant material that can withstand very low temperature fluctuations. It also does not react to high temperatures.
Its structure remains unchanged throughout its entire service life. - Compared to bricks, the price of wood concrete blocks is quite low. They have various sizes, which, unlike other materials, are several orders of magnitude larger.
Advice. When choosing wood concrete blocks for building a house, you have the opportunity to save on the material itself, since its dimensions are non-standard.
Types of arbolite blocks
The main parameters of the material are:
- 50x25x15 cm.
- 30x20x50 cm.
- 51x18.8x30 cm.
More details:
- Everyone chooses for themselves best option. As professionals advise, blocks measuring 30x20x50 cm are intended for construction load-bearing walls designs.
They are very durable and can withstand quite heavy loads. - For interior and other internal partitions, wood concrete is used, which has dimensions of 20x20x30 cm. It is less durable and has the same characteristics and properties.
Advice. To improve the quality and properties of the material, it will be necessary to carry out interior and exterior finishing work.
- To do this on at the moment There are a huge number of materials that can be similar in technical indicators to the wood concrete blocks themselves.
Advice. It is better to choose such materials, since arbolite blocks breathe if used very sealed materials, that is, the permissibility of moisture appearing under the finish.
- The service life of wood concrete blocks has virtually no restrictions, especially if all work on their installation and finishing is carried out correctly and efficiently.
Arbolite blocks have two types:
- Structural wood concrete.
- Thermal insulation.
Brands:
- There are several brands of arbolite blocks that have different structure densities and their strength depends on this: 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50. 50 grade arbolite blocks are considered the most durable and resistant to any impact.
Very often, not only blocks, but also slabs are made from wood concrete. They are used to insulate and insulate a building, but their surface also requires finishing, as they do not have an attractive appearance.
How to lay arbolite blocks
Technologies for laying arbolite blocks can be different. There is a masonry of 0.5 blocks or 1 block.
A larger number of blocks, as a rule, is not used, since the material is large.
So:
- The thickness of the walls of a house built from wood concrete blocks can reach 50 cm.
- Almost like adobe walls, which in their properties are similar to arbolite.
- To carry out the work yourself, you will need a concrete mixer, which mixes the concrete solution quite quickly and efficiently.
You will also need:
- Concrete solution.
- Trowel for using the solution.
- Construction level for level masonry arbolite blocks.
- Capacity for convenient use solution.
Advice. A structure made from arbolite blocks should have good foundation. As such, it will not shrink, but soil movements or its deformation under the influence of climatic or weather conditions can affect the house.
As a rule, wood concrete is used under a building monolithic foundation or columnar. It all depends on the number of floors of the building.
Initially prepared concrete mortar, for this you will need:
- Water.
- Sand.
- Cement.
Carrying out work:
- You will need 3 buckets of sand per 1 bucket of cement. Add water while mixing and assessing the structure of the product.
The consistency of the concrete solution should not be too thick.
Advice. To increase the strength of the solution and its drying time, it is necessary to add special products to it.
- The first wood concrete block is taken and placed in the corner of the future building. The solution is applied to the prepared surface of the main foundation; there is no need to place it on the material itself.
With the help building level The block is placed and only after that is pressed tightly. Excess solution is removed with a trowel.
- The next block is placed nearby. But here it is worth considering that the solution is applied not only to the surface of the foundation, but also to the side of the block, which will be in contact with the first one.
The distance between them should be uniform and for this purpose they are used special devices. Experienced builders Work of this type is carried out by eye, as they know all the subtleties.
Advice. Arbolite blocks are laid out in several rows. By appearance the masonry should resemble a “chess” pattern.
- This is due to the fact that the material must be tied together and securely fastened. Two or three rows a day along the entire perimeter of the future building will be enough.
The solution dries within 24 hours if no hardeners are added to it. The next day, the laying of subsequent rows begins.
Advice. To use hardeners correctly, there are instructions on their packaging. According to it, all actions to add them to the solution are performed.
Masonry from arbolite blocks is done quite quickly and simply. It is worth initially consulting with experts in this field, who will tell you how to carry out the work correctly.
The video shows this process from start to finish.
How to finish wood concrete blocks on the outside
To protect building material from the harmful effects of weather or climatic conditions, a high-quality finish must be performed.
The most optimal materials for cladding wood concrete house will be:
- Plaster.
- Brick.
- Decorative or natural stone.
Let's take a closer look:
- This choice is due to the fact that technical specifications This type of finishing is similar to wood concrete blocks.
- All these materials breathe and create a favorable microclimate in the room. They also have a wide range of designs, and you can create with them interesting design the entire structure will be very easy.
Advice. During the finishing process, it is best to insulate the house and insulate it.
Similar materials are used for this:
- Foam plastic.
- Extruded polystyrene foam.
- Polyurethane foam.
These materials are lightweight and will not create additional stress on the house.
Advice. Mandatory will do ventilation gap in a structure that will allow moisture to escape.
As a rule, its size is at least 10 cm. And for the finishing itself it is worth initially providing a base.
It can be added during the construction process, but it is better to make a common foundation for both finishing and load-bearing structures.
Arbolit - lightweight concrete with organic filler wood chips (not sawdust or shavings). The material does not overload the foundation, retains heat well, and is suitable for residential and industrial buildings up to three floors high. It is produced in the form of panels, slabs, wall and partition blocks. Building a house with your own hands is relatively easy, even if you have no experience, due to its convenient size and low weight.
Ideal geometry, assuming deviations from standard sizes up to 1 mm, only products manufactured at large enterprises using special equipment have; they are relatively expensive. More often, hand-made stones are purchased for private construction. They are cheaper, but size deviations can reach 3 mm. This disadvantage has to be compensated by making seams with a thickness of 8 to 12 mm.
To avoid cold bridges in the walls, you can make seams using thermal break technology. To do this, before applying the solution, a 4-5 cm wide strip or tape - jute or made of foamed propylene - is placed on a row of stones. Then strips of masonry mixture are applied on both sides of the tape or lath. There remains empty space between the strips, which is filled with air after installing the next row. After completing the application of the mixture, the lath is removed; the tape can be left. Thermal break is required for seams with a thickness of 8 mm or more. If the stones have minimal deviations in size from the standard, then the mixture or glue is distributed in a thin layer (up to 5 mm). Additional measures for insulating seams are not necessary.
Preparation of masonry mortar
Choice suitable variety made based on the quality of the block geometry. If seams from 8 mm are needed, then it is necessary to minimize heat loss through them. Therefore, various insulating components are added to their composition.
The following types are used for walls made of arbolite blocks:
1. Cement-sand. You can prepare it yourself or buy a ready-made dry mixture. Optimal proportions- for 1 part of cement 3 hours of sand. This option is only valid for stones with ideal geometry. Wide seams inevitably become cold bridges.
2. Perlite. It is classified as warm and has a much better performance in preventing heat loss. You can buy ready-made mixtures perlite sand with cement, but it’s cheaper to do them yourself. For preparation you will need 1 part of cement, 2 parts of ordinary sand and 3 parts of expanded perlite. It is better to prepare the mixture in a concrete mixer: first add perlite, then pour in water. Perlite immediately absorbs all the moisture (it takes on the form of a dry powder); when mixed with cement and sand, it begins to release it, so you cannot add water before adding the remaining components.
3. Warm masonry mass with microchips. To prepare it, use a ready-made sand-cement mixture of a grade not lower than M-200 and processed small wood chips. Essentially it turns out monolithic arbolite wall. Microchips can be purchased from block manufacturers. Consumption: 1 bag (180 l) per 2 m3 of solution. Unlike perlite, it does not shrink. Recipe: 1 part cement, 1 hour sand, 2 hours microchips, plasticizer - professional or simple liquid soap.
4. Cement-sand with sawdust (sawdust concrete). Recipe: 1 bucket of cement, 2 buckets of sand, 2 buckets of sawdust, a solution of 150 g of calcium chloride, 15-20 g of liquid soap.
5. Adhesive dry mixtures (assembly adhesives). The permissible layer thickness for them is 2-5 mm. The finished masses are suitable for gluing stones with size deviations of up to 1 mm.
6. Polyurethane foam adhesive for products made of cellular concrete with height deviations up to 1 mm. Some brands of this product are only suitable for interior walls and partitions. Consumption: 1 bottle 850 ml per 10 m2.
When choosing, take into account that wood concrete almost does not absorb moisture contained in the air, but draws it out of the solution during installation, so the blocks must be moistened abundantly before installation. There is no such problem when using glue.
Step-by-step instructions for laying the first row
- Mark according to the location diagram doorways and joints between external and internal walls. For this purpose, use arbolite stones (without mortar).
- Prepare the mass. Apply it to the end in contact with the next product and the top surface.
- At each wall junction, install two blocks at right angles to each other. For the first row, choose stones with minimal deviations by size. Pull the cords between the corners.
- Use a level to check the position of the elements.
- Lay out the first row according to the pattern. Wood concrete is cut with a grinder or circular saw, the level checks the accuracy.
- The installation of subsequent rows continues no earlier than one day after the completion of the first. If it is necessary to speed up the process, hardeners are added to the solution.
Guide to laying the remaining rows of block walls
- All subsequent rows begin to be placed from the corners.
- Wood concrete is laid like brick, in a checkerboard pattern - vertical seams between the blocks different rows should not coincide, the offset is made by half a stone.
- Every two rows, the mixture in the seams is leveled over the surface of the stones.
- In every third to fifth row, a reinforcing mesh is laid over the mortar.
- No more than three rows are laid out per day.
- For reinforcement, an armored belt is made. This is a monolithic reinforced concrete strip on which the floor slabs and rafter system rest. Mounted from special U-shaped blocks with a recess. Reinforcement is placed in the gutter and concrete is poured.
- The lintels over the openings are reinforced with ready-made reinforced concrete or metal beams. On each side, the lintel must rest on the wall at least 20 cm.
Errors may be associated with the wrong choice of seam thickness and glue, the result is cold bridges.
Wood concrete houses are still rare in our country, but their popularity is constantly growing. Over the years of its service, wood concrete has proven itself only with positive aspects. It combines everything best concrete and wood. From wood it gets its breathable properties and natural warmth, and from concrete it gets its high strength.
Arbolite houses can be erected on any site, because this building material has plasticity. Therefore, even if the foundation begins to fail, cracks will not appear along the walls. To the foundation for arbolite houses minimum requirements are met, it may be the simplest.
Building codes allow the construction of load-bearing walls made of wood concrete for buildings whose height is no more than two floors.
You can build residential buildings and industrial buildings, garages, baths. In buildings less than seven meters high, it is possible to build internal and external self-supporting walls from wood concrete.
The thickness of wood concrete walls is usually no more than 40 cm. Waterproofing must be laid between the wall and the foundation. Besides, it's enough inexpensive material, therefore, the price of buildings will also be low and will largely depend on the size of the building and its decoration.
Arbolite blocks and features of construction from them:
Houses made of arbolite blocks, house designs
Ready standard projects there is little space for arbolite blocks, and therefore developers often take ready-made solutions, which are created for other materials. You can draw up a sketch and assignment yourself and submit them for revision to qualified designers.
The architectural and planning solution for houses made of wood concrete consists of a package of documents, which includes:
- explanatory note;
- master plan;
- floor plans;
- explication of premises;
- roof plan;
- cuts;
- estimate for construction and installation work;
- bill of materials;
- list of filling openings (windows, doors);
- three-dimensional images of the structure.
With this documentation, you can legitimize the structure in the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI).
In the photo - wood concrete houses at various stages of construction
House made of wood concrete No. 1 house made of wood concrete No. 2 house made of wood concrete No. 3 house made of wood concrete No. 4 house made of wood concrete No. 5
Construction from arbolite blocks, description of the process
For masonry, it is better to take a block that is not slightly damp, since a dry one will draw moisture out of the mortar. To adjust the size and shape of the blocks, you will need a stone-cutting saw, and then they can be cut right at the construction site.
Description of the construction process
First, the foundation is laid. It is preferable to do it under arbolite buildings following types foundations:
- tape;
- slab;
- monolithic.
Most builders prefer a combined foundation. Since wood concrete is a lightweight material, you can make a shallow foundation for a house from it. The most profitable option is slab.
It allows you to save money, since the main part of the trench is occupied foundation blocks, so a minimum amount of cement mortar is required. The height of the foundation above ground level should be made as high as possible.
You should take care of laying communications in advance. After arranging the foundation, an armored belt is poured, which connects the building into a reliable and robust construction. Armored belt is usually made from reinforcing mesh with a diameter of 4 Bp1 with a cell of 150×150 mm.
Then they move on to the construction ground floor. It is usually made of red brick or concrete slabs. When constructing internal partitions, it must be laid ventilation duct.
Floor beams are laid above the last row of blocks. Due to the peculiarities of the building, it almost does not give rise to sediment, so after arranging the roof, you can immediately carry out finishing using any finishing materials.
Before starting construction, we recommend watching a video about some problems of wood concrete houses and their solutions:
Arbolite blocks calculator
- wall dimensions for calculation;
- dimensions of all openings.
The result will show how many blocks will be needed to build a particular building.
Block laying technology, description of process and materials
The blocks are laid so that the surface with the holes is at the bottom. Laying begins from the corner of the house. The laying technology is similar to brick. The blocks can be adjusted during construction.
Typically, masonry is done using cement-sand mortar; the ratio of cement to sand in it should be 1:2. Sometimes polyurethane foam or glue for aerated concrete blocks is used. Polyurethane foam is a more expensive option, but it allows you to achieve a higher installation speed and enhance the adhesion of the blocks, thereby increasing the level of thermal protection.
Before laying out the blocks, vertical reinforced concrete cores are installed that pass through the vertical voids of the block. Many people reinforce the masonry every two rows with mesh.
The video shows the laying of the first row of wood concrete:
Block glue
To connect wood concrete blocks, you can use a masonry mixture, or you can lay all rows on special glue. In this case, aerated concrete adhesive is used. It is taken in proportions per cubic meter. wood concrete 2.5 bags of glue.
Masonry mortar
Arbolite blocks are usually placed on cement-sand mixture. To eliminate the effect of “cold bridges,” perlite is added to the mixture. You can use foamed polyethylene, which creates an artificial air gap. Often, when laying wood concrete blocks, strips of polyethylene are used. Also for more warm seam Some builders add sawdust to the solution.
The gravest violation is the selection of a mixture for masonry, which, according to the technology, is not suitable for laying wood concrete blocks.
You can purchase dry masonry mixture PEMIX. This ready mix, which is based on expanded perlite.
Bathhouse made of blocks
- This excellent material for the construction of baths. It heats up quickly and retains heat well. In such a bathhouse it will always be dry, mold will never appear on the walls. The inside of the bathhouse can be lined with eurolining or tiles glued to the wall, and the outside of the bathhouse can be simply plastered. Some people use wood concrete blocks to build not the entire bathhouse, but its individual parts.
Wood concrete is a special type of concrete - with wood chips. The walls of houses made from this material are strong, warm and light; the minimal load on the foundation allows work to be carried out in the shortest possible time (from 2 months, including plastering the surface). Arbolite blocks weigh little, lifting equipment is not needed, all stages of construction can be done on our own. The main requirements of the technology are: waterproofing the foundation and the need for protective plastering of the walls immediately after the construction of the house.
Regulatory guidance describing general technical specifications Products made from wood concrete comply with GOST 19222-84. About 80–90% of the composition contains cellulose ( wood chips, flax processing waste), it also contains high-strength cement, fungifying and strengthening additives. The material has a porous structure and has good sound insulation and thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and is not afraid of biological influences. Standard thickness the walls of the house are 30 cm (corresponding in thermal conductivity to 1.5 m of brickwork), the basic investments during construction relate to the arrangement of the foundation. Use columnar, strip or shallow type.
Arbolite is a plastic material, and as a result, it is suitable for erecting a building on any soil, including moving soil; the walls do not crack even if the foundation is skewed. Recommended scope of application: residential and industrial buildings (fire resistance allows this), garages, baths. Due to significant porosity, height restrictions apply: building codes allow the construction of a house made of wood concrete up to 2 floors (ideally no more than 7 m), preference is given to mansard buildings. The main advantage of the technology is the low cost of construction; costs depend solely on the area and finishing materials.
Step by step guide for building a house
The main emphasis is on the selection and arrangement of a reliable and high building foundation. Standard step by step instructions DIY house construction includes:
- Preparing the site, laying the foundation with simultaneous laying of communications.
- Filling of armored belt, waterproofing work.
- Construction of the basement floor.
- Laying load-bearing walls and internal partitions.
- Arrangement of a ventilation duct.
- Laying the floor and erecting a second or attic floor during construction one-story house- roofing works.
- Cladding: facades and interior walls.
1. Arrangement of the foundation and armored belt.
The significant bending strength of wood concrete allows you to choose any type of base; the use of shallow tiled base is allowed. The main thing is to raise the foundation as high as possible. A full range of waterproofing work is carried out: backfilling the cushion, spreading rolls of roofing material and coating the foundation walls. It is important to efficiently compact the drainage layer of sand; for this purpose, a vibrating rammer is used.
At this stage, the pipes are laid and only after that the reinforcing tape is laid. To fill the armored belt, high-strength concrete and metal mesh with a cell size of no more than 150×150 mm, with a diameter of 10 mm. The recommended tape thickness is at least 30 cm.
2. Installation of blocks.
The process of building a house made of wood concrete begins from a corner, the technology is similar brickwork. The blocks are placed with the holes down and adjusted to the level as the work progresses. Used as a masonry mixture cement-sand mortar in proportions 1:2, polyurethane foam(dear, but effective method) or special glue. Reinforcement of the structure - prerequisite. Ideal scheme: reinforcing mesh through 2 rows and installation of reinforced concrete cores through the vertical slots of the blocks.
At the stage of construction of internal partitions, a ventilation duct is installed from pre-filled elements made of cement-sand mortar. Due to the high absorption properties of wood concrete, it is important to wet or use wet blocks, otherwise they will begin to absorb moisture, which will affect the quality of the masonry. As a ceiling between floors or attic space It is recommended to choose seamless concrete slabs; laying is allowed cement screed.
3. Roofing and finishing works.
Upon completion of the masonry, above the last row of blocks are placed wooden beams, treated with an antiseptic. For rafter system regular ones will do edged boards. It is allowed to begin cladding the facade immediately after the construction of the walls, but it is advisable to wait until the end roofing works. For exterior finishing suitable: siding, brick, lining, wood, facade paint, plaster, an important condition When choosing a material, its adhesion and resistance to moisture are important. For interior decoration, any options are purchased with the only requirement - maintaining the humidity level inside the building within 75%.
The main reason for choosing this building material is its insulating properties due to its porous structure. This is evidenced by reviews from residents about houses built from wood concrete, in particular - it is observed general decline energy consumption for heating. But porosity has reverse side- significant water absorption. For this reason, wood concrete cannot be used in rooms with high humidity without reliable waterproofing, and the material is also not suitable for use in environments with aggressive gases.
To obtain high-quality construction and prevent destruction, it is recommended:
- Build the foundation as high as possible to ground level.
- Place blocks along the outside of the armored belt as additional reinforcement.
- Provide a brick backing up to 50 cm thick.
- Lay the blocks using the breaking joint method (using wooden planks) to eliminate cold bridges. It is advisable to use a special masonry mixture or introduce expanded perlite into the cement-sand mortar.
- Choose materials with high adhesion for wall decoration; decorative concrete is considered optimal.
- Wet the blocks before laying (to prevent the wood concrete from absorbing moisture from the solution).
There is another way - building a house from monolithic wood concrete (like a sliding or removable formwork), the thickness of the walls is selected taking into account the climatic conditions of the region. In this case, the solution is made directly on the construction site, there are no cold bridges. Despite all the advantages of this option, it is not recommended to use it for building a house with your own hands due to high requirements for the quality of the composition, mixing and compaction of the mixture (you cannot do without special equipment).
Possible errors
The grossest violation of technology is considered to be done incorrectly. masonry mortar, a house built from wood concrete will be warm only in the absence of cold bridges. When using purchased glue for blocks, it is better to check the instructions: the composition must correspond building regulations laying and have thermal insulation additives.
It is strictly forbidden to lay wood concrete in the ground; the foundation is made of concrete not lower than M300. In this case, the laying of communications is done simultaneously with the construction of the foundation; it is important to think through their placement scheme in advance (it is extremely undesirable to make additional holes in foundation slabs coated with waterproofing).
Turnkey house prices
When contacting construction companies, costs depend on the choice of equipment and price class (economy, standard or premium). On average, 1 m2 of construction of a regular box costs 12,000 rubles; when handing it over on a turn-key basis (laying communications, laying the roof, inserting double-glazed windows, plastering internal walls and facades, waterproofing and filling the floor), the price of the basic set increases by 7,000 rubles. The minimum cost of 1 m2 when choosing a standard class is 15,000–24,000 rubles.
When building a turnkey house from premium wood concrete blocks, the initial price per 1 m2 is 45,000 rubles. Costs increase mainly due to the use of more expensive building materials and the implementation of unique design solutions. Many construction companies operate flexible systems discounts (starting from 100–120 m2).
Often consumers choose alternative option: order a diagram and project documentation from specialists (the price for such a service rarely exceeds 200 rubles per 1 m2) and build a house from wood concrete with your own hands. The advantage of this method is not only cost savings, but also quick coordination and approval of the project.
