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How to sow tomatoes for seedlings correctly. When to sow tomatoes for seedlings. Pre-sowing seed preparation

Tomato, or tomato, is a plant from the Solanaceae family native to South America. Europeans became acquainted with it only after the discovery of the New World and the tomato, like everything new, “took root” quite difficult and for a long time. Despite this, the tomato is now one of the most popular and sought-after vegetables all over the world. It is difficult to imagine at least one of the national cuisines where tomatoes would not be used. Some dishes cannot be imagined without tomatoes - just remember Ukrainian borscht, Italian pizza, Mexican chili, American ketchup and much more.

An important condition for obtaining a plentiful and high-quality harvest is correct landing tomato for seedlings. Only strong and healthy ones will quickly and easily take root in the soil or in a greenhouse, begin to actively bloom and set large and tasty fruits.

In order for tomato seedlings at home to be healthy and of high quality, you need to follow simple but very important rules:

Correct timing for sowing tomato seeds for seedlings.
Temperature maintenance.
Stable water balance.
Competent selection of soil.
Selection of varieties for open ground and greenhouses.
Proper planting of tomatoes in the ground.

When to sow tomatoes for seedlings according to the growing season?

Tomatoes come in early, mid-ripening and late varieties. Between these three varieties there are intermediate ones with a difference in ripening of 5-15 days, but basically this division is competent and correct.

Early tomato varieties have the shortest growing season from sowing to flowering, therefore, they bring the earliest and most valuable harvest. Early tomato seedlings produce delicious fresh vegetables, but require more attention and effort to grow.
Medium-bearing varieties produce fruits at the height of the season; they are the most delicious and healthy. The growing season is longer than that of early tomatoes.
Late tomatoes bear fruit from the second half of summer until late autumn; in warm weather, tomatoes remain fresh on the bushes until frost. These tomatoes have the longest growing season.

Usually early tomatoes- a pleasant delicacy for the table after a long winter; mid-ripening ones accompany food throughout the season, and late ones are used for preservation and processing.

When is the best time to plant tomato seedlings?

For growing tomato seedlings on a windowsill, they are most suitable early varieties, since they need to be sown as seedlings early in the spring, in order to be planted in the ground after completion return frosts.

If you plant tomatoes as seedlings too early, they will quickly grow and form, and weather conditions will not allow planting in the ground or under film. Such seedlings will stretch out, become fragile, pale and sickly, will have difficulty taking root in the soil and will bear fruit poorly.
Sowing too late means getting small, unformed seedlings. The timing of planting seeds depends on the weather conditions of the area where it is planned to grow seedlings; usually it takes 1.5-2.5 months to grow tomato seedlings.

According to the type of growth, all tomatoes are divided into two large groups:

Indeterminate (vigorous).

For cultivation in greenhouses, tall and vigorous tomato varieties are usually selected, since they are most productive in closed ground conditions and produce a large harvest.
If you plan to grow tomatoes in open ground, grow good seedlings tomato can be made from low-growing varieties, they are less in danger of being pulled out and outgrown. Such plants form squat, strong bushes that often do not require further tying to a trellis or stakes.

How to properly plant tomato seedlings indoors?

To get good seedlings you need to choose healthy planting material, pick up suitable soil and containers for planting, maintain the correct temperature and watering.

Healthy calibrated seeds are selected for planting; puny and damaged ones are thrown away. There are two ways to sow seeds - in a common container, followed by picking, and directly into individual cups.

Since tomatoes tolerate picking and transplanting well, in order to save money and space, you can sow tomatoes in boxes or other suitable containers. Subsequently, the seedlings are planted for the first time, planted at a greater distance, and then transplanted into separate containers, where the seedlings remain until planted in the ground.
In the second option, seeds are sown 2-3 in pots or cups; weaker plants are subsequently simply pulled out. This method is more expensive, planting will take up a significant area, and it will not be possible to grow a large number of seedlings in an apartment.

Almost any non-soaking container can be used as a container for planting seedlings. Amateur gardeners successfully use wooden and even cardboard boxes, lined with plastic film, disposable plastic or paper cups, sour cream and yogurt containers, juice boxes or milk cartons. For used containers, it is important to thoroughly clean the remaining contents, otherwise it can rot, contaminate the ground and destroy the seedlings.

When deciding how to properly grow tomato seedlings, you need to remember that this plant is very demanding on room temperature, lighting and watering. Humid air is harmful to tomatoes, so when we plant tomato seedlings, it is important to regularly ventilate the room where they grow, avoiding strong temperature changes and drafts, which are detrimental to this plant. There is no need to spray crops with water; they can easily get sick and die.

Tomatoes are sown in trays or boxes, lightly sprinkled with sifted nutrient mixture and sprayed generously, covering with film. Air humidity is needed only until the seeds germinate, and then the film is removed.

The soil for tomato seedlings should not be too acidic, that is, pure peat is absolutely not suitable for this plant. At home, the easiest way to remove diseases and pests is by freezing. To do this, a bag or box of soil is left in the open air, where frosts will quickly kill everything harmful to the seedlings. The container with soil must be covered from precipitation, which can wash nutrients from the soil.

Healthy seeds hatch and germinate very quickly and within 2-5 days, first “loops” appear from the soil, and then full-fledged cotyledon leaves. At this time, the room temperature should not fall below 25 degrees, and then it is gradually lowered slightly. Low temperatures are dangerous for this plant; already at 10 degrees, serious damage begins - it turns yellow, buds and ovaries fall off, and growth stops.

In order for tomato seedlings on the windowsill to be strong and green, they need a lot of light. In case of shortage natural light landings will have to be done, sometimes this needs to be done around the clock. Tomatoes need to be provided with stable and uniform watering without waterlogging and drying out, which are equally detrimental to the plant.

Grown tomato seedlings are picked for the first time, and after a pair of true leaves appear, a second picking is carried out into seedling cups. When performing this operation, young plants are carefully buried along the cotyledon leaves. There is no point in damaging or even cutting off the cotyledons - they are the source nutrients for a plant that has begun to develop. Subsequently, they will fall off on their own when they are no longer needed.

With the help of picking, you can slightly reduce the effect of stretching the plant in the early stages - by deepening the seedling and adding light, you can make the seedlings stronger and healthier. The part of the stem that, after picking, will be in the ground, will give roots and will additionally nourish the plant. In order for the picked seedlings to take root quickly and without loss, the soil must be warm enough and the watering must be uniform without flooding. If we plant tomato seedlings correctly, we end up with plants with strong, stable stems, lush green leaves and an overall healthy appearance.

The question often arises: how to feed tomato seedlings?
During the growth period, plants need complex fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen and a mandatory content of microelements. Grown-up seedlings need potassium more; if there is a lack of this element, the plant becomes covered in spots, stretches out, turns pale and gets sick.

Properly grown tomato seedlings quickly take root in the soil and form a strong green plant, begins to bloom and bear fruit within the time limits established for this variety.

Growing tomato seedlings at home (video)

Growing tomato seedlings at home is a process that requires a lot of time and attention. But later you will be rewarded bountiful harvest. Sowing tomatoes for seedlings begins in late winter or early spring, depending on the region.

Sowing seedlings

Tomatoes are supposed to be sown as seedlings because they are southern heat-loving plants, and it is the seedling method of cultivation that allows you to get a harvest in a short summer. That’s why we plant tomatoes in the ground as seedlings, not seeds. How to plant tomato seedlings depends on how they further development and the harvest itself. An experienced vegetable grower who knows how to properly plant tomato seedlings first determines the sowing date, then skillfully selects and prepares planting material, as well as suitable dishes. After sowing, growing tomato seedlings at home needs to be strong and healthy, so that when the time comes, planting tomato seedlings in open ground or in a greenhouse.

When to plant

Tomato seedlings are planted in open ground after 45–60 days of growth, when they have grown 20–30 cm, have 5–7 leaves and a flower vine. Knowing the weather conditions of the area, we can assume when in the spring the soil will warm up to +12...+15 °C and the threat of return frosts will disappear. From this time you need to subtract approximately 65 days - this will be the date when growing tomato seedlings is allowed.

In the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine, sowing begins in winter. IN Central Russia Summer residents sow tomatoes for seedlings after March 15, and gardeners in Siberia and the Urals - in the first half of April. If you plan to plant tomato seedlings in the protected soil of a greenhouse, then tomato seedlings at home begin to be grown 20 days earlier. It is better to do sowing during the waxing moon, choosing the appropriate day in accordance with the lunar calendar.

Seed selection and preparation

Preparation of tomato seeds for sowing as seedlings begins a few days before specific date heating the seeds and determining the degree of their germination. Wherever the seeds were stored before, they should be transferred to a warm room. Many summer residents prefer to keep a gauze bag of seeds near the radiator for a couple of days.

To determine how many seeds will be needed, it is advisable to know their germination percentage. To do this, take a certain number of seeds (the more, the more accurate the forecast will be), soak them in warm water, place them on cotton pads or a soft cloth moistened with water, and keep them near the radiator until sprouts appear. Then the percentage of sprouted seeds is calculated and the required amount of seed is determined, and additionally purchased if necessary.

Next, the seeds are culled by soaking them for a while: seeds that do not settle to the bottom can be thrown away. Usually this selection is carried out simultaneously with preparation, since it still involves soaking the seed. Some gardeners simply soak the seeds in warm, soft water for a day before sowing. This is enough for seeds purchased from a good manufacturer who has already disinfected them. If the seed material was taken from your own reserves or was purchased on the market (without certificates), then you should first hold it for 20–25 minutes in a saturated solution of potassium permanganate, and then slightly dry it. You can soak the seeds for a day in an aqueous solution of aloe juice (use equal amounts of water and juice), which will make future plants stronger and have a positive effect on the quality of the harvest. You can keep them for a day in a soda solution (2 g of soda per 1 glass of water), which promotes early fruiting.

Necessary conditions for cultivation

Don't know how to grow tomato seedlings? First of all, you need to prepare comfortable conditions for her: balance of heat and moisture, required quantity light, fresh air without drafts, suitable utensils. How many days does it take for tomatoes to sprout? The best temperature for sprouting is from +26 to +30 °C; sprouts will appear in 3–5 days. At a temperature of +22...+25 °C, tomatoes will sprout in 7–9 days, at a lower temperature – longer.

Light will not be needed until the sprouts appear, which means the dishes can be stacked on top of each other and kept on the floor near the radiator. But first you need to prepare the soil in which you can plant the seeds. Tomato seedlings grow well in loose, nutritious soil that can retain the required amount of moisture. Humus and turf soil taken in equal parts is a good option, you just need to add sand or sawdust for looseness. You can take black soil, sand and garden soil, sand and high-moor peat, coconut substrate, peat tablets. The main requirement for soil is that the pH value should be 5.5–6.0.

It is advisable to sift the soil through a fine sieve so that its fractions correspond to the size of the seed, otherwise there will be air voids between the small roots and the ground. The soil must also be disinfected before use. To do this, pour it with a hot saturated solution of potassium permanganate, keep it for 30 minutes in an oven heated to 200 °C or a couple of minutes in the microwave at maximum power. After this, the soil is moistened and left for 2 weeks at room temperature.

Sowing

Tomato seeds are planted in different containers. These can be cassettes, peat tablets or cups, individual pots or boxes. The good thing about peat tablets and cups is that you can do without picking; cassettes on a pallet are convenient due to the possibility of bottom watering; most summer residents use wooden or plastic boxes to save space. It is enough to take boxes 10 cm high, fill them 2/3 with prepared soil, and moisten it with warm, clean and soft water. Grooves 1–1.5 cm deep are made in the soil at a distance of 3–4 cm from each other.

Prepared seeds are laid out in them and sprinkled with sand, earth or vermiculite. The top of the crop is covered with glass or transparent film, placed near a heat source. After how many days the seedlings sprout depends on the quality of the seed, temperature and humidity level, but immediately after this the glass is removed and the dishes are exposed to light.

Seedling care

How to grow tomato seedlings before planting tomatoes in open ground? It needs to be watered, provided with the right amount of light, sometimes loosen the rows, and regulate the air temperature. As soon as the seeds germinate, the air temperature is reduced to +16 °C for a week so that they do not stretch excessively. But they need to be provided with light around the clock for the first 3–4 days. Then they will need a 12-hour daylight hours, so they will have to supplement the light with a phytolamp, placing it above the box. A week after the first sprouts appear, they install temperature regime with daytime temperatures around +22 °C, and at night – +16…+18 °C. It is believed that until the first true leaf appears, seedlings do not need to be watered, but it is better to check the condition of the soil and water if necessary.

You can moisten the soil from above using a syringe (without a needle) or a narrow neck of a watering can so as not to wet the stems. The older the plants, the more moisture they will need. When 2–3 leaves appear, they are watered weekly, and when 5 leaves appear, every 3–4 days. The water should be clean, soft, warm (a couple of degrees warmer than the air).

After the first true leaf appears, the seedlings are thinned out so that the distance between plants is at least 5 cm. If there is a shortage of seedlings, they are carefully transplanted to empty seats. If the seedlings look weak, they do not have enough nutrition, then you can feed them simultaneously with watering with a solution of Agricola Vegeta or another special preparation, but it is advisable to dilute it in a lower concentration than indicated on the package. After picking, you can water the plants with the solution charcoal, calcium nitrate and urea, and strictly on the ground so as not to burn the greens.

Picking

When the plants have their third true leaf, they are collected in separate cups with a volume of at least 0.5 liters. The dishes are filled with the same soil as for sowing, moistened, a depression is made in the middle, and the plant is placed. Some vegetable growers shorten the central root, but others consider this unnecessary, since the root is still injured during transplantation.

So, everyone decides for themselves how to plant correctly. If there are a large number of seedlings, they are picked in groups of 2 plants, folded together, and tied tightly with synthetic thread. When they settle in a new place, they grow up to 15 cm in height, grow together with stems, and pinch off one tip. This creates a strong plant with a double root. Be that as it may, planting tomato seedlings in separate cups greatly weakens them, so the air temperature is increased for several days for easier survival.

Time for planting in the ground

When to plant tomatoes in open ground as seedlings depends on the region. The timing of planting seedlings in the ground varies from April in the south to early June in the north. For summer residents of the central regions of Russia, May is the best time to plant seedlings. It is better to coordinate the days for planting tomatoes in May with the lunar calendar, but you can plant tomatoes in the ground in May if the ground has warmed up and the threat of frost has passed. You can plant tomato seedlings in the ground if they have reached 30 cm in height, have 6–7 leaves and a flower vine. 2 weeks before the tomatoes are supposed to be planted, they begin to harden them by taking them outside. Walks begin for a short time: first they place them in the shade, then increase the time, and accustom them to direct sunlight.

How to plant correctly

Before planting tomatoes in the garden bed, it is loosened and moistened, although the main preparation took place in the fall. When planting tomatoes in the ground, the holes are often fertilized by mixing mineral fertilizers with the soil. Tomatoes are planted on a warm, cloudy day. It is even advisable to shade them for the first two days.

Water the seedlings generously to make it easier to remove them from the container. Place it in the prepared holes along with a lump of earth and deepen it to the cotyledon leaves. If the plants are too stretched out on the windowsill, you can plant them even deeper by tearing off a couple of lower leaves and placing them at an angle in the ground. Then new roots will grow from the stem.

Leave 30 cm between bushes of low-growing varieties, and 70 cm between rows. If the bushes grow tall and wide, then leave a gap of at least 60 cm between them, and at least 130 cm between the rows. Planted plants are pressed with earth, watered, and mulched with sawdust , sand and peat.

Further care of bushes

If planting tomatoes was successful, it still takes several days for the planted seedlings to adapt to the new location.

Next, be sure to remove weeds and loosen the soil after watering. The first time is fertilized 10 days after planting, and then after 2 weeks, if the condition of the soil requires it. Tomatoes require even watering, but not excessive, so as not to provoke fungal diseases. It is necessary to plant the plants in time, and also to form bushes.

Video “Planting tomatoes in open ground”

From this video you will learn how to properly plant tomatoes in open ground.

For many gardeners, the question of when to plant tomato seedlings is very important in order to get an excellent harvest. It is very important to take into account the climatic features of the area, as well as the variety of tomatoes.

One more important factor When sowing seedlings, it is important to choose the right time; this is what leads to the timely ripening of the fruits. In addition, you need to choose a suitable place for planting the crop - a greenhouse or open ground.

People often ask, what is the time frame for planting tomato seedlings? Planting in a greenhouse occurs approximately two months after germination. The height of the seedlings during this period should be thirty-five centimeters.

For the Moscow region, planting tomato seeds for seedlings begins in early March and throughout the month. For seedlings under film covering - in mid-March.

For Siberia and the Urals, the time for planting seeds is from March to April.

But for accurate calculations it is better to use the above advice, depending on:

from tomato variety;
places for further cultivation;
opportunities for lighting seedlings during early planting;
planting on time in a greenhouse or under film;
weather conditions expected this spring;
lunar calendar. There is a belief that the landing will take place according to the lunar calendar.

Folk signs say: If the snowdrop blooms, then you can plant tomatoes as seedlings. Saplings on permanent place can be planted when rowan and lilac bloom.

Do you think that folk signs help to grow a good harvest of tomatoes?

Yes, this is the experience of the previous generationNo, it's all superstition

Preparing soil for seedlings

It is better to prepare the soil in the fall, as the soil shrinks in winter. The work can be done outside if the weather is warm or in a shed:

Before you start mixing, the soil and sand must be sifted. This procedure is necessary to remove various types of debris, pest larvae and the like.
Then lay out the polyethylene, pour out and mix everything that is required to prepare the soil. Add fertilizer as needed, mix everything and place it in containers or bags.
Storage ready mixture soil occurs in the barn. Two weeks before preparing tomato seeds for planting, the soil falls into warm room. This will allow you to reach the optimal temperature, i.e. warm up.

Soil disinfection. An accompanying procedure when preparing the soil for planting tomatoes for seedlings is disinfection. Experienced gardeners are advised not to neglect this procedure. Disinfection allows you to get rid of larvae and eggs of pests and pathogens. Land can be cultivated in several ways:

Freeze. The soil is left outside for the winter, covering the container from precipitation. Before the soil is used to prepare the soil mixture, it should be brought indoors for a month, heated, mixed with the necessary components and taken outside again.
Treatment with potassium permanganate- the prepared soil is watered with a solution of manganese 3 g per 10 liters of water, antifungal drugs such as phytosporin are added.

Steaming. For this procedure you need two reservoirs - a smaller one and a larger one. The soil is placed in a smaller container and placed in a larger container on a stand. A large container is filled with water and placed on fire. The container with earth is not covered, the second one is covered accordingly. After the water boils, steam it for an hour. You can preheat in the oven for 30 minutes at +40 C.

Every gardener can choose for himself best option based on my own considerations. For some, the methods of steaming and calcination are considered unacceptable, because along with the destruction harmful microorganisms useful ones are destroyed. In this case, you can recommend adding to the moist soil:

antifungal biofungicides (phytosporin);
bioindecticides (fitoverm).

After disinfecting the soil, you can begin to sow the seeds.

How to plant in the ground?

It is necessary to plant the plant in the afternoon or, even better, in cloudy weather:

In this case, the seedlings will not dry out and will “feel” better. If, however, you decide to plant your tomatoes before noon, then it is best not to water them that evening.
Next, holes are made in the dug up soil every 30 cm. In them you need to add compost and a little ash or superphosphate. Add water.
Take the seedlings out of the cups (if you bought them at the market) or take them out of your own container (if you grew them yourself) and lower them into the hole. Plant seedlings must be planted carefully so as not to damage them.

Gardeners usually plant plants at a depth that matches the height of the glass in which the seedlings were purchased, or so that the first leaf is above the soil. This makes it easier for you to plant and for the plant to take root.

Seedling care

Proper care of tomatoes after planting is the key to a good harvest. Therefore, it is very important to know all the intricacies of this action. All care can be divided into four types of work:

watering;
loosening;
feeding;
collection.

Before the seedlings are fully acclimatized, you need to monitor the condition of the soil surface. Thus, the soil must be loosened. Otherwise, the cracks that appear will affect the formed roots. As a result, they will be torn apart. Then there are two options for the development of events: either the seedlings slow down their development, or even die.

Watering the tomato should also be correct. This should be done accordingly:

when transplanting seedlings into soil in one hole, 1.5-2 liters;
flowering time - 20-35 liters per 1 m²;
ovary formation time - from 40 to 50 liters per 1 m²;
with repeated formation of fruits - from 70 to 80 liters per 1 m².

At the beginning of harvesting fruits, watering the grown bushes of the plant should gradually decrease. It has a positive effect on tomatoes and protects:

from late blight;
fruit cracks and other diseases.

Weakening is an important step in caring for tomatoes:

Therefore, after planting, loosen the soil every 3-4 days. It is necessary to hill up the planted seedlings immediately after establishment and after ten days. You should loosen the soil under tomatoes every time after watering by 10-12 cm, and not deeper. Otherwise, damage to the roots of the plant may occur.
Only after a month you can add 2-4 cm and loosen at a distance of up to 16 cm. Before closing the tops, the soil is cracked so that air and moisture penetrate into it better. The process is not complicated: cracks are made in the soil at a distance of one and a half meters from each other and a depth of 60 cm.
It is correct that the first fertilizing is carried out 14 days after planting the seedlings in the soil. On one square meter you will need from 8 to 10 kg of saltpeter, 5-6 kg of urea or from 10 to 12 kg of nitrophos, from 20 to 35 g of superphosphate and potassium salt.

Potassium salt

Second feeding

The second feeding is 20-25 days after the first. The same fertilizers are also used in the same proportions. Also take a "recipe" for tomatoes in case they start to wilt. This is due to the negative impact of weather conditions on plants. You need to take:

Mullein with water (1:10) or bird droppings (1:14).
Both mullein and droppings are soaked for 24 hours.
Then half a liter of one solution is mixed with 10 liters of water and the plants are watered.
You need to repeat it in a week.

Remove the lower leaves of planted tomatoes after 1.5-2 months. The bottom three sheets are subject to liquidation. After this, the seedlings need to be watered after 24 hours. This procedure is carried out once a week. If this is not done, air stagnation occurs and various diseases develop.

You can also watch a video where an experienced gardener will tell you how to plant correctly early seedlings tomatoes in open ground.

Thus, planting tomato seedlings in open ground is not such a difficult matter. The main thing is to know the process and all its subtleties. Thanks to this article, you were able to learn the basic nuances of how to properly plant tomatoes in open ground. Planting tomato seedlings just got a lot easier!

Seed preparation

A good harvest of tomatoes depends on the quality of the work done to grow them

Don't forget to water your tomato seedlings on time

Seeds must first be planted in one large container, and then the best sprouts must be picked into a separate container. Picked sprouts can be planted in special containers, which are sold in gardening stores, or plastic bottles can be used for this. Don't forget to make drainage holes in the bottom of each container.

At home, you can use ordinary tomato seedlings for planting tomato seedlings. plastic cups, cardboard bags from shelf products. It is only necessary to first make through holes in them in the bottom to ensure drainage excess water when watering. Or you can buy special containers in a store for summer residents.

- it is a very painstaking task that requires a certain accuracy and concentration. The timing of germination, further growth and development of the plants will directly depend on how you plant the seedlings. There is a certain technology for planting tomatoes as seedlings. In this publication, we will tell the reader how to plant tomato seedlings, namely: the choice of dishes, the choice of variety, we will talk about soil preparation and directly about the agricultural technology of planting. At the end of the article you can watch a very useful video on this topic.

Picking tomatoes goes like this.

Soil preparation

Tomatoes are not particularly demanding on soil fertility, but it is still preferable to use light, loamy or sandy loam soils.

Possible soil options for seedlings

Good insolation is a necessary condition in order to obtain high-quality tomato seedlings.

In terms of taste characteristics, the tomato is a leader among other vegetable crops. Tomatoes are very heat-loving, so they are grown mainly through seedlings. It is possible to get a good harvest at home if you know how to plant tomatoes.

Soil requirements for growing tomatoes: it must be highly nutritious; loose - allows water and air to pass well to the roots; with a pH level in the range of 5.5-6.0. The following soil mixture composition is often used: humus and chernozem in a ratio of 2:1. I like a mixture of black soil, soil for seedlings and sand in equal parts (1:1:1).

A good harvest directly depends on the quality of the seedlings. Therefore, you need to take a responsible approach to the choice of seeds; it is better to take several varieties and subsequently choose the best one, most adapted to your area and weather conditions. Before planting, sort out the low-quality seeds and process the good ones. Prepare the soil mixture, plant the seeds and provide them with proper care. Only if you follow the recommendations described above can you hope for a large and tasty harvest.

Growing seedlings

Before transplanting the sprouts into the ground, they need to be hardened off. To do this, seedlings are gradually accustomed to cold air: ventilation is increased, and the windows are left open at night.

Planting tomato seeds

Sowing tomato seeds photo

Plant care

In order to plant tomatoes correctly, you need to stock up on some important theoretical knowledge.

Lighting

Prepare individual pots for seedlings and fill them good soil, you can add a small handful of vermicompost. Water the seedlings in the boxes a day before planting so that the soil is well saturated with moisture.

To plant shoots, you need to prepare the holes and water them with water. Planting strong seedlings occurs at right angles. Tall varieties or seedlings that have stretched out are planted at an angle of 45°.

How to water plants correctly?

Water the seedlings moderately, initial stage A teaspoon is enough. As a result of excessive watering, the roots will develop poorly and lack oxygen. Watering is increased gradually, observing weather conditions. During the cold season, watering and fertilizing are done less often, on sunny and hot days - more often. You need to water as needed, without allowing the soil to dry out. It is better to use not water for this, but a weak solution of mineral fertilizers.

Forcing seedlings is very important stage growing tomatoes, which begins with the preparation of seed material. Seeds germinate unevenly: it all depends on their size, density, degree of maturity, hereditary characteristics, etc. Therefore, sowing tomatoes for seedlings cannot be done without preliminary preparation to increase the germination and productivity of plants.

How to determine the quality of seedlings?

I add a little vermiculite to this composition. In general, there is no single recipe, so choose the ingredients at your discretion, mix, experiment. For example, a friend of mine has been growing tomato seedlings for a long time on a mixture of deoxidized high-moor peat and sand (3:1) and is very pleased with the result of its use.

Picking seedlings

It is recommended to plant seedlings in late spring - early summer, when frosts have passed and the temperature does not drop below 15 degrees. How to determine that the sprouts are ready to “move”? If the sprout has 5-6 leaves and its stem is thick and strong, then it’s time to replant it.

Picking methods

When growing seeds, the main thing is to follow the rules for planting them, the temperature regime and follow the recommendations regarding watering and providing lighting to the sprouts.
Sowing tomato seeds
Tomatoes are quite late-ripening vegetable crop. There are several types of tomatoes that differ in the speed of ripeness: early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening. However, on average, the period of fruit ripening from the planting date is 100-140 days. Tomatoes are the second vegetable crop that needs to be planted in seedlings (after peppers).

When to plant seedlings?

Gardeners living in the central regions choose the following dates when they can plant tomato seedlings:

Using a toothpick or an ice cream stick, remove the plants along with a lump of earth. Usually, at this moment the central root breaks off on its own, so I don’t pinch it additionally. But if you see that the root is long, pinch off the tip. When transplanting tomato seedlings, you need to deepen the plants almost to the very cotyledon leaves.

Mistakes when growing seedlings

Then the hole needs to be filled with soil, compacted and watered. You need to stick a peg near the stem as a support for the plant.
Tomato seedlings for a greenhouse must undergo a hardening procedure, for which ventilation is increased. Then the tomatoes need to be transferred to a greenhouse that is not heated and kept there for several weeks with the windows closed. If there is no frost, you can gradually leave the windows ajar for a while, and then leave them open at night for a week. After this, the hardened seedlings can be planted in the ground.
Even knowledge of how to plant tomatoes for seedlings will not be useful if the seeds are of poor quality. Their choice is a very important and responsible moment. Seeds from last year's harvest should not be used; they will not give good results. It is advisable to purchase several varieties in special stores or at the market. After a few seasons, it will be possible to determine which one gives the best harvest.
I keep it to a minimum: disinfection in a solution of water and hydrogen peroxide: (100 grams of water and 3 ml of peroxide). I heat the solution to +40°C and keep the seeds in it for 10 minutes. For germination, I take several cotton scraps of fabric, number them, and write down in a journal which number is which variety.
Almost every owner own home sets up a cellar in his home - a place where he can store canned food, products from the garden, and seasonal items. In a properly equipped cellar, due to its proximity to the ground, the temperature is always kept low...
The process of planting tomato seedlings in open ground

It usually takes 1.5–2 months to germinate tomato seeds, and accordingly, the planting time depends on the area in which they are planned to be grown. If you rush into planting, the sprouts will form before the weather stabilizes and it will simply be impossible to plant them in the ground due to the cold weather. If you plant the seeds too late, the sprouts will not have time to grow stronger and will not survive after being transplanted into the ground. Early spring – optimal time for planting tomato seeds for seedlings.

Planting tomato seedlings

.The agricultural technology for planting tomato seedlings is not complicated. First of all, drainage must be poured into the selected containers. It is needed for better air exchange. Can be used as drainage eggshells or various small pebbles.

Each experienced vegetable grower has his own date for planting tomatoes in seedlings, each one calculates it in his own way. The seed packets say they should be planted in mid to late March. However, some believe that seedlings should be planted earlier - in early March. In this case, when proper care, the fruits will certainly ripen faster, but there is a risk that the seedlings will overgrow and become weak. To prevent this, there are separate articles, so we will not focus on this. The conclusion can be drawn as follows: if you have experience in this matter, then it is recommended to plant tomato seeds early, and if not, then follow the instructions written on the bag.

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Between rows an interval of about 70 cm is maintained, between plants - 30-40 cm.

Proper tomato seedlings have green, well-developed leaves without white plaque and spots. A weak plant germinates slowly, but does not always shed seed coat, has an irregular shape, grows and develops poorly.

Good tomato seedlings will only come from high-quality seeds. First of all, you need to sort them, removing empty, small and damaged ones. You can pour salt water over the seeds, mix thoroughly and let stand for about five minutes, then remove those that float to the surface, and rinse the remaining ones at the bottom. clean water several times and dry. It is advisable to store seeds of different varieties separately. To do this, they can be wrapped in pieces of gauze, placing the label from the bag inside.

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How to plant, plant and grow tomato seedlings correctly.

I wet the fabric and place the seeds on one edge, placing them so that they do not touch each other. Then I cover it with the second edge of the flap, press it down a little and place it in a plastic container. I close the container with film, but not tightly, to allow air access.

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Features of growing large tomatoes:

Pour the prepared mixture into the container and press it lightly with your palms. Afterwards, water the soil a little with water, cover the container with a plastic bag and leave overnight so that the moisture is evenly distributed. After the surface of the earth is leveled, I make grooves 0.5–1 cm deep at a distance of 4–5 cm from each other. The seeds are carefully placed in the depressions and covered with soil and watered again.

After this, pour the previously prepared soil into the container. It should be poured so that the earth does not slightly touch the upper edges of the vessel. Then the soil must be watered generously with warm water.

Before sowing, you need to correctly select and prepare the seeds, prepare the soil and do a lot of other things. necessary procedures. All this is necessary in order to provide the best possible conditions for germination and further growth.

How to properly plant tomato seedlings.

Timely planted seeds guarantee timely germination, good growth, development and high fruiting. Gardeners often make mistakes about when to plant tomatoes as seedlings, because such a procedure depends on the influence of many weather factors, light and temperature. How, when and how to plant tomatoes, we will talk in today's article.

Growing tomatoes at home is not an easy task, but it is quite doable. If you follow the planting rules, even inexperienced gardeners will be able to reap an excellent harvest. And knowledge of how to plant tomatoes for seedlings will help with this.

But it should be taken into account that the plant may germinate later due to the fact that it was sown at a greater depth than the others, and the shell cannot be shed due to uncompacted soil. Therefore, the soil must be compacted and the seeds buried equally - then seedlings with a capsule will be a clear signal that the quality of the seeds is low, and good harvest you can't expect it.

After this, the seeds are disinfected. Keeping seeds in a 0.8% solution for 24 hours helps to avoid diseases such as bacterial cancer and blossom end rot. acetic acid. Prevent viral diseases A one percent solution of potassium permanganate helps, in which the seeds are kept for 20-30 minutes. After this they need to be washed running water.

Several times a day I remove the film and ventilate the seeds. Tomato seeds germinate quickly; after 2-3 days they are ready for planting. But keep in mind: depending on what type of seeds you use, the methods of their pre-sowing preparation change.

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Seedlings should be planted in a well-lit place, protected from the wind;

Then the container is covered with glass or a bag and sent to a warm place where the temperature is not lower than 22 degrees - to a radiator or to a windowsill (in the sun). After 5–7 days, when the first shoots hatch, the glass (film) can be removed and the seedlings can be sent to a cooler place (up to 16 degrees) for approximately the same time. And when the sprouts get stronger, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime - up to 24 degrees during the day, not lower than 12 at night.

It is very important to choose the right seeds for planting. There are early-ripening, late-ripening and mid-ripening varieties. It is recommended to plant all types of varieties in seedlings in order to ensure harvesting at different fruiting times.

Tomatoes grown in mid-February have time to stretch out and get sick by the time they are planted. Vegetables that have sprouted by mid-March will be stronger. Each gardener must correctly independently determine the date when to plant tomato seedlings, and before that, the time of sowing.

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What time should you plant tomato seedlings?

Before properly planting tomato seedlings, prepare soil mixture for seedlings, containers for planting and tomato seeds. In order for tomato seeds to germinate better, they need to be soaked for a day in a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. After this, you should transfer them to a cloth moistened with warm water, and cover with a damp cloth on top. When the seeds swell and the germ of a sprout appears, you need to place them on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator overnight for three days, leaving them at a warm temperature during the day.

Sowing dates

It is more convenient to pick up tomato seedlings if individual containers with a volume of 0.5 liters are prepared for the young plants. A more luxuriant root system can be achieved by pinching the main root.

To improve the germination of seeds, they need to be heated for several hours with hot running water (you can use a thermos with bags placed in it). After which the seeds are kept in damp burlap for two to three days at a temperature of about 25°C. The sprouted seeds are sown in moist, loose soil. After such preparation, seedlings appear in 1-2 days.

Peat, paper and plastic pots, cassettes - now the choice of containers for growing seedlings is quite large. This year I bought cups with an insertable bottom.

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the most suitable watering regime is 2 times a week;

Cover the seeds with polyethylene

Secrets of proper sowing

Having placed the prepared seeds in the holes, we bury them and water them again using a sprayer. Sometimes it happens that when tomatoes sprout, their seeds remain on the first leaves. This has a very negative effect on the growth of tomatoes. To prevent this after planting, it is recommended to sprinkle the soil river sand a layer of 1-3 millimeters, then this will not happen.

When choosing a variety, first of all, you need to take into account its suitability to your climatic conditions; you need to ask where certain tomatoes are best grown - in a greenhouse, in open ground or in a greenhouse.

In the first ten days of June it can be removed. When you need to plant tomato seedlings, pay attention to the preparedness of the soil, since good readiness will allow the plants to quickly adapt.

It is necessary to understand: when we plant plants in a permanent place, they must be provided with the most comfortable conditions. The slightest frost can destroy tomatoes and all your work. If the air temperature is below +5 degrees for several days, nightshades will stop growing and will continue to get sick.

Another option is to soak the seeds in warm water for better germination. To do this, wrap them in a bandage or cloth and wet them with just water. Leave the soaked seeds on a saucer for a day.

There are two options for this agricultural technique:

So that the seeds are resistant to low temperatures, use hardening. To do this, the swollen seeds are placed in the refrigerator for 24-48 hours. To increase yield, you can immerse the seeds in the solution for a day ammonium nitrate(4%) or potassium salt solution (2%). A good result can be achieved by placing the seeds in a 0.5% aqueous solution of manganese sulfate with zinc sulfate for twelve hours.

Landing time

Very convenient: when you need to remove the seedlings from the cup, you simply press the bottom on the bottom. The glass is slightly expanded at the top, so the lump of soil is easily squeezed out. I always disinfect containers, even new ones, not to mention those that I’m not using for the first time. I soak them in a strong solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, then rinse them with clean water.

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It is better to use light, sandy and loamy soils;
It is also worth remembering that humid air is harmful to tomatoes. The room in which containers with seedlings will be placed should be regularly ventilated. To prevent plants from dying, you need to avoid drafts and sudden temperature changes.

Proper planting of tomato seedlings will lead to rapid germination and good further growth. Usually tomatoes sprout 5-7 days after planting.

When purchasing or selecting seeds from your home arsenal, you need to pay attention to the date of their release. Seeds exhibit better germination if they have been stored for no more than 1-2 years. If the seed has been stored for more than 3 years, then before planting you need to carry out several procedures that will have a good effect on their germination.
Video about how to correctly calculate the timing of sowing tomato seeds for seedlings, how to carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds and how to sow seeds.

When determining the timing of planting seedlings in a permanent place, it is necessary to take into account the region where your garden is located, the equipment of the greenhouse and permanent residence at the dacha. For example, in Siberia and the Leningrad region this time will be different. In the latter region, in order to plant tomatoes in unheated greenhouses, it is better to sow after March 15. The next step is to prepare the place for planting.

Video “When to plant tomatoes for seedlings”

- planting one plant. This ensures that you receive strong seedlings with a good root system;

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How to plant tomatoes correctly

For processing, growth regulators can be used, which awakens seed embryos to life, disinfects them and helps improve the taste characteristics and nutritional value of the fruit. Treat the seeds for six hours at a temperature of 18°C. Only fresh solution is used. After processing, it is necessary to dry the seeds.

For tomatoes, I always make a drainage layer at the bottom of the container. I read this advice a long time ago on a piece of tear-off calendar. The author argued that in this way the risk of seedlings being damaged by the “black leg” is reduced. I don’t know if drainage plays a saving role, or if I’m just lucky, but seedlings have never been affected by this disease.

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plant the sprouts in pre-prepared and spilled holes at right angles;

The formation of the first leaves is a sign that it is time to remove weak and non-viable shoots from the container. The root is pinched during this procedure to accelerate the growth of the root system.

Watch also a very useful video about sowing tomato seeds for seedlings.

There are many ways to improve seed germination. It is especially important to apply them to old tomato seeds. We will describe the two most popular such methods.

Most often, gardeners and vegetable gardeners plant tomatoes on their plots, even though this plant is very delicate and capricious, and therefore requires increased attention during growth. It is very susceptible to diseases, so it is important to know how to plant tomatoes correctly.

If you have set a date for planting tomatoes, count 55-65 days ago from it. When you grow seedlings by picking, take away another seven days. The resulting number is the date when you need to sow tomatoes. For example, if the date of planting in a fixed place is June 1, then you need to plant in the last days of March.

Pour soil into a sufficiently large container (it is better to buy soil special for tomatoes), press it down by patting it with your palm, and water it. Now unwrap the soaked tomato seeds and place them on the surface of the ground with a distance of 3 cm between the seeds. Sprinkle about 0.5 cm of dry soil on top. And cover with a transparent plastic bag or glass. Place in a warm, dark place.

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- planting two plants in one container. The resulting plants have two roots. To do this, the stems of the plants, when they reach a height of about 15 cm, need to be tightly tied with nylon thread. After the shoots grow together, the thread must be removed. Then pinch off the top of the weaker plant. This method of cultivation helps increase productivity. It is used most often for tall varieties.

If the above drugs are not available, you can use wood ash. To do this, approximately ten tablespoons of ash are diluted in five liters of water, which has previously been warmed up in the sun. Throughout the day, the solution must be stirred periodically (4-6 times), then strained and poured into jars, into each of which gauze bags with seeds of the same variety are lowered for three hours. So, I pour crushed shell rock into the cups in a layer of 0.5 cm, then soil mixture. I water everything room temperature, cover the cups with film and leave it like that for 5-6 hours. During this time, moisture evenly permeates the entire volume of soil.

Planting tomato seedlings

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The sprouts should be planted at a distance of 30–40 cm from each other;

But there is no need to rush into picking. Before starting the process of sorting the sprouts, you should make sure that they are sufficiently strong and the bases should be thick. Otherwise, the picking should be postponed.

Before sowing the seeds, they are sorted. Empty, damaged and small copies are removed. Experienced gardeners recommend filling them with salt water (60 grams of salt per liter of liquid) and removing from the total mass those seeds that float to the surface. To make it easier in the future to choose the best variety, it is better to store and plant seeds separately or in groups and marking which type is where.

Seed preparation and variety selection

Tomato seeds can be germinated (this is also mentioned in the article “Planting pepper seedlings”). To do this, just take a cotton swab or a rag and put the seeds there. Moisten a swab or cloth with water and place it in a warm, damp place. You need to make sure that the seeds do not dry out. Tomatoes will germinate in 3-5 days, then they should be planted in seedlings immediately and not wait until they outgrow.

Since tomatoes are considered a southern plant, they require a stable climate and air temperature. Temperature variability greatly affects the growth of tomato seedlings and the number of fruits. You can, of course, grow tomatoes in a greenhouse. At the same time, one optimal temperature is maintained, regardless of the time of year. In such conditions, plants grow faster and bear fruit longer.

Gardeners often rely on the lunar calendar to determine when to plant tomato seedlings. The phases of the moon affect all areas of our lives. In such a calendar, everything is planned out for gardeners. Lunar phases recommend making the first sowings on February 20-22. It is better to choose varieties based on taste and for preservation: “Persimmon”, “De Barao”, “Yellow Giant”, hybrid “Zlatozar”.

If you plant tomatoes from films correctly, the first shoots will appear in 3 to 4 days. Then the film needs to be removed, the seedlings should be placed in a sunny place and watered with warm, settled water.

Many gardeners are concerned about the question of when to plant tomato seedlings in the ground and how to determine their readiness? Seedlings ready for planting have a thickened stem no higher than 30 cm with 6-7 leaves. As well as short internodes and a flower brush.

In order for sowing tomato seedlings to give good results, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. The substrate must have the following characteristics: lightweight mechanical composition, air and moisture permeability, absence of pathogens and weeds, sufficient amount of nutrients and organic substances, friability.

Planting tomato seedlings - soil preparation

Using a toothpick, I make 0.5 cm indentations, carefully lower a seed into each one, and use a toothpick to carefully sprinkle it with soil, pressing down slightly. Then I use a sprayer to moisten the planting site so that the soil settles. I cover all the glasses with film and put them in a warm place.

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Before planting, it is necessary to prepare the soil and fertilize it;

Choosing strong tomato sprouts for seedlings

To prevent seed contamination, it is necessary to carry out a disinfection procedure. To do this, the seeds are placed in a container with a solution of acetic acid (0.8%) for a day, after which they are dipped for 20 minutes in a cup with a solution of potassium permanganate (2 grams per glass of water). After the manipulations to protect the seeds are completed, they must be thoroughly rinsed with running water.

Another way to stimulate seedlings is simpler and faster. It is usually applied to old seeds that may not germinate completely. Take a glass of water and stir 0.5-1 tablespoon of baking soda in it. Place the seeds there for 3-6 hours. Then rinse thoroughly under running water.

Planting tomato seedlings - choosing a container

What to do if it is not possible to install a greenhouse? How to plant tomatoes in the ground correctly? Tomato seedlings are planted in holes 20 centimeters deep. It is important to maintain the distance between the lanks; it should be 30 or 50 centimeters, depending on the plant variety. Two liters of water are poured into each hole. To disinfect the soil, you can add a little potassium permanganate to the water to make a weak solution.

All chemical and biological processes in them are inhibited. The vegetable grower’s task is to awaken and give impetus to a long chain of natural transformations.

Advice for growing healthy tomato seedlings.

Planting in open ground must be done when the threat of frost has passed, that is, in late May - early June. When answering the question of when to plant tomato seedlings, you need to take into account the climate zone in which this occurs. To protect plants, it is necessary to use covering material. It must be remembered that temperatures below 150 C can adversely affect growth and flowering.

Planting tomato seedlings - agricultural technology

For the first option, use garden soil, humus, black or pressed peat (1:1:1). Add wood ash (half a liter per bucket of soil mixture), superphosphate (about two matchboxes per bucket of soil). In addition, water is needed to moisten the mixture.

The room temperature should be +23°C both day and night. No comments

Next to each sprout you should stick a peg for support;

Picking is done in seedling cups, the sprouts go deep into the soil up to the cotyledon leaves. Using this procedure, you can reduce the stretching of sprouts. To do this, you need to add more light to the sprouts.

Warming up

Peat-based soil for tomatoes

Planting tomato seedlings video

The seedlings are planted in the hole at a slight angle. Use your hands to immerse the roots of the plant in soil with water. Having poured the soil into the hole, it must be compacted, pressed with your palms, slightly hilling the stem of the seedling. Peat or some other soil is poured on top of the ground. The main thing is that it is soft and light. This prevents the ground surface from hardening and moisture evaporation. Leaves of seedlings touching the ground must be torn off.

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How to grow tomatoes - step by step instructions

But before doing this, the embryos must be disinfected. To do this, they are placed for 20 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (1 gram per 0.5 cup of water). In order to speed up the ripening time of tomatoes, you can pre-soak the embryos in solutions of microelements or growth stimulants. You can use this method: soak in wood ash infusion (pour half a liter of water and add 1 tablespoon of ash). After stirring, leave the liquid for two days, stirring occasionally. Having wrapped the grains in a gauze bag, you need to lower the future tomatoes for 4-5 hours.

To ensure that the seedlings do not stretch and are more prepared for open ground conditions, you should monitor the lighting of the room in which they are located. Lack of light leads to fragility of the processes. Excessive watering of seedlings can lead to this dangerous disease, like a black leg, which leads to the death of the plant.

Video - correctly planting tomato seeds for seedlings

Ways to improve seed germination

Many gardeners know how to plant tomatoes, but even they are not immune to mistakes. A decrease in quality and yield is caused by:

The second option is to take garden soil, black or pressed peat, and replace the humus with river sand (all in one part). Mineral fertilizers are added in the form aqueous solution(per 10 liters of water take 20 g of potassium sulfate, urea - 10 g, superphosphate - 30 g).

As soon as the seedlings have sprouted, we remove the film. We are not lowering the temperature yet. Water the seedlings as needed, trying to avoid overwatering. For irrigation, it is best to use rain water, and if it is not available, then tap water purified with a household water filter. As a last resort, let the tap water sit for a day, only then water it.

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Between rows there must be at least 60 cm.

Picking tomatoes into seedling cups

A bag of seeds is placed in a thermos with hot water for several hours or the seeds are washed under hot water.

Video - the process of sowing and soaking tomato seeds for seedlings

Preparing soil mixture for seedlings

Before planting tomato seedlings, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. It is best to use special purchased soil; it contains a very good composition for plant growth. However, it would be most advisable to mix special soil with ordinary soil from the garden in a 1:1 ratio.

Before planting tomatoes correctly, it would be nice to know how to choose the right seedlings. Most gardeners buy it at the market and choose tomatoes with tall stems and large roots. Such plants are planted in early June, as expected. But it may turn out that your seedlings will be too young and will not be able to take root in time. Good leaves are not a guarantee of good seedlings. It is advisable to grow it yourself.

Now your embryos are disinfected and saturated with microelements. The time has come to begin the process of awakening them. Remember - grains need oxygen, moisture and heat. Wrap them in wet gauze or a rag, placing it on a saucer. Then put it all in a plastic bag and provide heat in the range of 22-28 degrees.

Picking tomatoes is replanting tomato seedlings after they have grown and become strong enough. Picking tomato seedlings strengthens the roots of the seedlings before their final transplantation into the ground.

How to grow seedlings correctly

- low quality soil;

Best time to plant seeds

Planting tomatoes for seedlings without picking can be done using peat tablets. Two seeds are planted in a peat tablet with a diameter of 33-36 mm. When the plant has roots, it is planted in a half-liter container.

Seed planting process

After a week, the temperature in the room where the seedlings are located should be gradually reduced to +17...+19°C. The room should be ventilated regularly (1-2 times a day), but do not create drafts.

Temperature

Today we'll talk about how...

Harvesting occurs when the tomatoes turn red. If you pick tomatoes when they are green, this will affect their taste.

For seedlings to be strong and green, they need good and long-term lighting, and in the first days even around the clock. If the windows are on the sunny side, then there will be enough light for the seedlings placed on the windowsill. If there is not enough sun, you need to install several special lamps. Tomatoes are very demanding of light, so additional lighting is required.

Picking tomato sprouts

Enrichment mineral fertilizers

If you can’t buy soil in a store, then it’s okay - you can use regular soil. The soil should warm up thoroughly before planting. As a rule, gardeners store soil in a shed or balcony, so it should be brought into the house and placed near heating devices 3-5 days before planting seedlings.

You can simply plant tomato seeds in the ground, but this option is not recommended. Seeds must be carefully prepared. As a rule, the seeds are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for fifteen minutes. It is undesirable to keep the seeds in solution so that they do not lose their ability to grow and bear fruit. Main principle growing tomatoes from seeds - do not overdo it.

It is important to know that you cannot soak future tomatoes in containers with water - they will not receive enough oxygen and they should not be placed near radiators with temperatures above 30 degrees.

The optimal time for picking tomato seedlings is when 2-3 true leaves appear. During picking, the main root is damaged, so the lateral roots develop very well, which leads to the development of lateral roots. As a result, tomato seedlings grow healthier. It is better to use paper or peat pots so as not to damage the roots when transplanting into open ground and not to disturb the earth.

Lighting

- disturbed temperature conditions, lack of light, improper watering;

Tomato seedlings can also be grown at home in ready-made soil mixtures from the store. Conscientious producers add everything to the soil necessary supplements and useful substances.

Tomato seedlings are not afraid of transplantation, so if there is not enough space, you can first sow the seeds in one container. When their cotyledon leaves have developed well, and the first true one has reached a size of 5 mm, it’s time to pick (transplant). It is recommended to shorten the main root by 1/3 during transplantation. This is done in order to stimulate the formation of a fibrous root system. When planting in a separate container, the seedling is buried down to the cotyledon leaves, the soil is lightly pressed around the stem with your fingers and carefully watered. It is best to use a sprayer so as not to wash the seedlings with a stream of water. Additional lighting can be resumed after 3-5 days, and if the seedlings are exposed to direct sunlight, during this period they should be moved away from the window.

Watering seedlings

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The main mistakes of a bad tomato harvest:
We recommend that you read the material about illuminating seedlings at home.
The seeds are soaked for 24 hours in a special solution, which can be found in a specialized store or prepared independently. In one liter clean water you need to stir a mixture of copper sulfate and ammonium sulfate. You should also add there boric acid, potassium salt and superphosphate.

First of all, the soil must be rid of harmful organisms; to do this, the soil should be watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. Then you need to let the soil settle for 1-2 days.

Here's how to plant tomato seeds correctly: pour tomato seeds into a small bag, fill them with clean melt water and place them on a radiator, watering them every day. The seeds germinate within about two weeks. Very useful for seedlings rainwater. There are also several other methods for treating tomato seeds before planting.

Planting tomato seedlings

There are industrial methods for preparing embryos - panning, or granulation. They are covered with a protective shell of an organomineral nutrient mixture. If you purchased such grains, they do not need to be pre-soaked or processed. Dried grains are planted dry so as not to wash off the protective shell.

It is correct to pluck tomatoes if the seedlings grow too densely. In this case, the plants do not have enough light and they stretch out, the stem becomes thin. Another advantage of picking is that when transplanting, the root system is strengthened. This applies not only to tomatoes, but to any seedlings.

- planting tomatoes for seedlings too early;

Before planting tomatoes as seedlings, the soil mixture must be moistened and poured into a container. The earth is leveled and compacted, furrows are made one centimeter deep with a distance of five centimeters between them. Then the seeds are lowered into the furrows and sprinkled with soil.

I admit, I have never pricked my seedlings or pinched the ends of their roots. In the fall, when I harvest tomato bushes, I clearly see that the root system is excellently developed even without this operation.
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poor quality seeds;
Additional illumination of tomato seedlings
After the seeds have been processed and disinfected, they are placed in a damp cloth and germinated, constantly making sure that it does not dry out.
After 2 days, add purchased soil to the garden soil in a ratio of 1 to 1. For good growth of tomatoes, you should add the resulting wood ash soil. Ash is a very good source of potassium; it should be added in a ratio of 1 to 20.
One such method is heat treatment of seeds (approximately 50C) for twenty-five minutes. Then the swollen seeds are planted in the ground. Here's how to plant tomato seeds correctly and get a good harvest from them.
Grains that have received heat, moisture and oxygen begin to sprout within 2-3 days. This means it's time to sow them. Tomatoes are grown with or without picking, and the grains are planted directly into pots. When landing without picking, it is required large area. More often, seedlings are grown with picking. Pour the soil mixture into the prepared container. If you sow future seedlings in individual containers, the height from the ground to the edge should be at least 10 cm. If you plan to dive further, then a height of 6 cm is sufficient.

Tomatoes are easiest to pick with your hands and do it very carefully so as not to damage root system, especially lateral roots.

Video - how to properly plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse

Mistakes when growing tomato seedlings

- use of varieties that are not resistant to stretching;

The soil surface must be moistened. The container with seedlings must be covered with film and placed in a bright place at a temperature of at least 220 C. After five days, when the shoots appear, the film can be removed and the box with seedlings placed in a place with a lower temperature (up to 15 ° C) by 4- 6 days. After about a week, when the sprouts become strong, the temperature is increased during the day to 24 degrees, at night - to 12 degrees.
Experts advise additional lighting of tomato seedlings no more than 18 hours a day. I can’t do this: I turn on the fluorescent lamp at 9 am, turn it off at most at 11 pm, but this is enough for the seedlings: the leaves are green, the plants are compact, with short internodes.
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planting seeds for seedlings too early or, conversely, very late;
Soil moisture must be constantly monitored. At the initial stage, a few tablespoons of water are enough, after which the volume gradually increases, but in cold weather you need to water less often. Tips for watering the soil:
Place the tomato seeds on a damp cloth or gauze

The resulting soil must be mixed very thoroughly so that it has a uniform consistency.

You shouldn’t skimp on land; you need to plant tomatoes at the optimal distance from each other for future growth. Seeds need to be planted in special containers, one variety at a time in a separate container. Weak, slightly mature seeds are discarded. Don't waste time and space on them. Before picking, it is not recommended to water the plants so that they do not begin to grow quickly, but gradually, receiving all the substances necessary for growth, take root and become stronger, before future planting in open ground. Watering begins after several leaves appear.

Water the soil with warm water. You can make grooves every 3-4 cm, up to 1 cm deep, and spread the embryos in them every 1-2 cm. Then backfill and moisten the grooves. You can simply spread the germs on the surface in rows, cover the top with a 1 cm layer of soil and water. For planting, choose sprouted grains, as they have more energy and will not lag behind in development.

But the main roots need to be pinched so that the lateral roots develop better.

- lack of hardening.

After the tomatoes have two or three leaves, they are planted in pots filled with a mixture of soil sprinkled with potassium permanganate (per 10 liters of water - 0.5 g of potassium permanganate). Weak and damaged plants are discarded. For active growth of the tomato root system, when picking, pinch the main root. The picked seedlings are watered every week, making sure that the soil does not dry out between waterings.

It so happens that this year I have repeatedly heard about growing tomato seedlings without additional lighting. Moreover, not from beginners, but from experienced vegetable growers with rich practical experience. I trust them completely, so I decided to specifically grow several tomato seedlings without additional lighting. Personal experience– best of all, don’t be afraid to give up the usual rules and try something new.

Anyone who has tried to grow tomato seedlings on their own at least once will probably do it all the time. Firstly, the process is extremely exciting. The gardener’s passion pushes him to success: “I can do it, I can do it!”

failure to comply with temperature conditions;

The soil in containers should not be allowed to dry out;

For better adaptation of sprouts to the climate, it is recommended to harden the seeds. The swollen seeds are sent to the refrigerator for 1–2 days, this is how resistance to low temperatures is developed.

When planting tomato seedlings, you need to select containers for planting. There is nothing complicated here. You can plant tomatoes in various containers.

Be sure to provide the seedlings with the right amount of light and heat. And after planting tomatoes in the ground, they can be covered with halves of plastic bottles or other devices to retain heat inside. This stimulates plant growth. Here are the basic tips on how to plant tomatoes correctly.

Pack the container with sifted sprouts in a plastic bag. If the seed boxes large sizes, you can cover them with glass. This is done to keep the soil mass constantly moist. Place in a warm place with a temperature of 25-27 degrees. The tomatoes will remain in this state until the first shoots. Afterwards the plant needs to be transferred to the light.

When picking seedlings, the tip of the main root is damaged, causing active branching - the formation of lateral roots. Consequently, the feeding area of the seedlings increases, which makes it possible to grow stronger, healthier seedlings.

Too moist soil, insufficient lighting and high temperatures lead to elongation of the seedling stem, yellowing and poor development of the root system. Violation of temperature and water regimes causes thinning and lodging of plant stems, leaves become fragile, flowers and buds fall off.

Seedlings need to be fed. This is first done ten days after picking with the following solution: 10 liters of water, superphosphate - 30 g, urea - 4 g, potassium sulfate - 10 g. Ready-made fertilizer can also be purchased in the store.

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How to grow tomato seedlings

Once again, when it comes to feeding seedlings, I emphasize that I never feed mine with anything. Meanwhile, it turns out to be strong, takes root well in open ground, blooms quickly and gives high yield. But if it seems that the seedlings have become depleted and you are determined to feed your seedlings, use biofertilizers. Good reviews received the preparations “GUMI” and “Baikal EM-1” from practical vegetable growers.

Secondly, if you use soil from your garden as part of the soil mixture, tomato seedlings will be immediately adapted to the soil conditions of your site and, when planted in open ground, will experience less stress and will take root more easily and quickly. And also, if you know how to grow tomato seedlings yourself, you can buy seeds of the most exotic variety that seedling sellers have never even heard of, and grow it to your delight and to the envy of all skeptics.

improper watering (too much or insufficient);

Seeds

For tomatoes to be large and healthy, they need to be planted in turf soil mixed with humus and sand. To maintain normal acidity, resin and chalk should be added to the soil (for every ten kilograms of soil: resin - 0.5 l, chalk - 100 g). But you can buy a ready-made soil mixture or peat tablets in the store (about two seeds per piece), the main thing is to choose a trusted manufacturer.

Soil

You can plant in large containers for several plants. A lot of seeds are planted in such vessels and, when the tomatoes grow to a certain size, they will need to be planted into separate pots.

Planting tomato seedlings

Pre-sowing seed preparation

The time when you can plant tomato seedlings is the beginning of June. It is impossible to give precise recommendations here, because each climate zone has its own characteristics. Climate change and sudden changes in weather conditions force vegetable growers to plant vegetables when constant warmth is established. This temperature is not lower than 20 degrees during the day and 12 degrees at night. Focus on the lunar calendar. You should look at the condition of the plants - it is better to plant them when the stem height has reached 25-30 cm. If the soil is well heated, after planting the vegetables will set fruit in a week.

Picking of tomato seedlings is also carried out in order to delay the development of plants.

Homemade tomato seedlings are planted in a place protected from the wind, well lit and warmed up. How to grow a good harvest of tomatoes from your seedlings? To do this, you need to follow some rules.

What container should I plant it in?

After 14 days, a second feeding is performed. After feeding, the seedlings need to be watered and the soil loosened. It is necessary to ensure that seedlings are not watered excessively: this can cause disease or death of the plants.

I talked about how I grow tomato seedlings at home. I don’t know whether I follow all the rules of agricultural technology or not, but the end result is important to me: seedlings turn into strong plants and produce a good harvest.

Planting process

Every year I plant tomato seedlings of several permanent varieties: they are time-tested and will not allow you to go without a harvest. But you always want something new!

poor lighting quality;

It is better to water with a weak solution with mineral fertilizers instead of water.

Carefully choose soil for tomato seedlings

Care

You can plant tomatoes directly in separate pots, then there will be no need for picking.

Planting tomato seedlings

To dive or not?

Residents of the southern regions should focus on the following calendar dates when they need to plant tomato seedlings:

This is done if the tomato seedlings are ready to be planted in open ground, but the weather does not allow planting. It's too cold. Picking tomato seedlings helps prevent seedlings from overgrowing.

Additional lighting

Tomatoes can be preceded by pumpkin, cabbage, legumes, carrots and onions. The place where peppers, eggplants, and potatoes were grown can be used for tomatoes after three years.

In addition, tomato seedlings at home need good lighting. The backlight can be passive or active. In the first case in window opening a reflective screen is placed. With the active method, illumination is provided using lamps. For the first few days, round-the-clock illumination is desirable, since tomatoes are very demanding of lighting.

Feeding

How do you grow tomato seedlings? Do you do everything according to the rules, or do you also experiment?

This year I decided to try growing the “Shuttle” tomato; I was seduced by the description of its excellent taste. True, this is the first time I’ve bought seeds from this manufacturer, so I’m a little worried: what are their germination rates, and do they correspond to the declared variety. Seeds are the basis of our success in growing seedlings.

When to plant pepper seedlings for a greenhouse Brussels sprouts when to plant seedlings

In winter, many owners of garden plots and summer cottages begin to stock up on planting material for various vegetables and ask themselves the question: when to plant seeds of peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and tomatoes for seedlings? We talked about the timing and rules for planting peppers in a separate article, which you can read by clicking on this one. Here you can learn how to sow tomato seeds correctly and when in 2019 in order to grow and get a good harvest.

Tomatoes are a very popular product that only very lazy or busy summer residents do not grow in their gardens. Since heat-loving crop It grows for quite a long time, it is grown in seedlings. Approximately sixty days should pass from the emergence of seedlings to planting in the garden. The timing of planting tomato seeds depends on this:

greenhouse varieties should be sown in late February - early March;
tomatoes for open ground Planted no earlier than the end of February, since overgrown plants take root worse.

Also, the timing of planting tomatoes depends on the weather conditions of the region. If in areas with a warm climate, tomatoes are planted in a permanent place already in April and May, then seeds for seedlings can be sown in February. In Siberia and the Urals there are frosts as early as the end of May, so it is recommended to sow seeds in March or even April.

We must not forget that different varieties have different development periods, so when buying seeds you need to pay attention to this:

varieties of large tomatoes are usually late-ripening, so they should be planted after February 20th or early March;
low-growing varieties for greenhouses– from early to mid April;
tall plants for indoor soil(greenhouses, greenhouses) - at the end of March;
early tomatoes that will be planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse - in the second half of March;
early varieties for open ground– at the beginning of April.

When to plant tomatoes for seedlings in 2019?

Like other plants that produce land crops, tomatoes are planted during the waxing moon.

Favorable days for planting tomatoes for seedlings in 2019 will be:

January - 15,16,18;
February – from 6 to 8, 11, 13 and 16;
March – 10, 11, 12, 14, 15,16. 19, 20;
April – 8, 11. 18;
May – 9, 15, 17, 18;
June: 5, 11,12, 13, 15.

In the northern regions, Siberia and the Urals, where tomatoes are planted mainly in April, auspicious days there is practically no way for this, so it is recommended to choose a day according to the zodiac circle with the waxing Moon and plant tomatoes from April 7 to April 17.

Growing tomato seedlings at home

To get healthy and strong seedlings in the spring, before sowing the seeds you need to prepare:

Seedling containers in the form of boxes, plastic containers, peat tablets, disposable cups or cassettes with a tray.
Suitable soil mixture.
Seeds that may need to be treated before sowing.

Soil preparation

For tomatoes, you should choose soil consisting of turf soil, humus (1:1) and a small amount of peat or sawdust. Today, many specialized stores sell soil mixtures for planting tomatoes, so you don’t have to prepare the substrate yourself. But if possible, you can prepare the soil yourself from the above components or from garden soil, sand and black soil (1:1:1), to which a little vermiculite is added. The finished soil for tomatoes should have a pH between 5.5 and 6.0.

Any soil mixture may contain fungal spores and pest larvae, so it should be disinfected before use. To do this, everyone uses their own method. Here are some of them:

spill with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate;
place in the microwave and heat for full power within two minutes;
pour onto a baking sheet and heat in the oven for 15 minutes at a temperature of 200 degrees;
Place the soil in a well-packed bag in a container with hot water (+60...+70 degrees), cover with a lid and leave until the water has completely cooled.

The treated soil should be moistened and kept in a warm room for two weeks. During this time, bacteria useful for the growth and development of plants will multiply in it.

Seed treatment

Today, in most cases, stores sell already processed planting material. Before sowing, seeds purchased on the market or collected independently should be treated in one of the following ways:

Place the solution of potassium permanganate in 15 minutes for 20 minutes, after wrapping it in gauze.
Keep in the Fitosporin solution for one or two hours (1 drop of the drug per 100 ml of water).
Soak for a day in a soda solution (1 gram of soda per 200 ml of water).
For a day or two, soak in a solution of aloe juice squeezed from the leaves or purchased at a pharmacy with water. Aloe juice and water are taken in equal quantities and mixed. If juice that is squeezed from home flower, then it should first be kept in the refrigerator for 5 days. Plants obtained from seeds treated in this way will differ high quality fruits, good yield and resistance to various diseases.

Planting tomatoes for seedlings - photo

If boxes or containers have been chosen for sowing seeds, then they are filled with moist soil, in which small holes are made using a pencil or stick at a distance of about 3-4 cm from each other. A seed is placed in each hole, which is then sprinkled with soil and moistened with warm water from a spray bottle.

Seedling containers are covered on top cling film, a transparent plastic bag or glass and placed in a warm place with an air temperature of +25 to +30 degrees.

To prevent the soil from starting to mold, it must be ventilated every day by lifting the film. As the soil dries, moisten it with a spray bottle.

Seedling care

The time for emergence of seedlings depends on the variety of tomatoes, the quality of the seeds and the conditions under which the crops are kept. The first seedlings may appear in 3-4 days. To prevent them from stretching out, the seedling containers are placed in a bright place. The film can be removed after all the shoots have appeared. The air temperature for young plants during the day should be within +20 degrees, and at night from +16 to +18 degrees. It is necessary to ensure that the seedlings are not exposed to a draft.

Caring for tomato seedlings involves performing the following procedures:

Watering. Seedlings should be moistened regularly, but carefully, only after the soil has dried. Seedlings growing in constantly very damp soil can easily rot and die. For irrigation use warm, settled water.
Backlight. If the tomato bushes do not have enough light, they will begin to stretch out. Therefore, if necessary, they should be provided with twelve hours of daylight, using an additional light source.
Top dressing. Well-growing and developing plants with a thick trunk do not need to be fed. If poor soil was used for planting tomatoes and they grow poorly, then you can feed the plants with Kornerost or Agricola. Fertilizers should be applied when the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves. Before use, dilute a teaspoon of fertilizer in one liter of water.
Picking. Tomatoes are not afraid of transplantation, and new roots quickly develop on their trunks buried in the soil, so many gardeners plant seedlings once or even twice. The first picking is carried out when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves. To do this, you need to prepare a separate cup with wet soil for tomatoes, dig up a bush with a fork or spatula, pinch the main root to a third of the soil and move it to a new container. Plants are buried down to the cotyledons and sprinkled soil mixture and watered. After picking, the tomatoes should be provided with an air temperature 2-3 degrees higher than they grew before. When they take root in the new container, the temperature is lowered again.

After picking, caring for the seedlings remains the same as before. The bushes must be watered in a timely manner and provided good lighting without direct sunlight. Since the transplant will be carried out in new soil, there is no point in fertilizing.

When to plant tomato seedlings?

When the threat of frost passes and warm weather sets in, tomato seedlings can be planted in open ground.

IN Krasnodar region and other warm areas, planting begins in early May. In Siberia, the Urals and the North, tomato seedlings are planted in open ground no earlier than the end of May - beginning of June. Greenhouse varieties should be planted under film two weeks earlier.

10-14 days before planting, the plants are hardened off, for which they are taken out to the site or an open balcony on warm days.

It is recommended to plant tomatoes after beets, carrots, green onions, cabbage, turnips, squash, zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins, cabbage, and green manure. You cannot plant tomatoes in beds where tomatoes, peas, physalis, eggplants, peppers, and potatoes grew last year.

Proper planting, care and compliance with crop rotation will guarantee a good harvest of tasty and healthy tomatoes, which can be eaten fresh and pickled for the winter. And you can find out about when and how to plant and grow if you follow the highlighted links.

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