Treat the wood with potassium permanganate. We prepare an antiseptic for wood with our own hands: composition and properties of impregnation. Benefits of saline water solutions
At the dacha you really want comfort and beauty! How to properly prepare a garden for future plantings, what to do with flowers, soil and trees in late autumn - in our material.
The main season of vegetables and fruits has passed, it’s time to take care of preparing the garden for winter, or rather, disinfecting it. In autumn, with high humidity in any area, the activity of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and garden pests increases. To prevent infection, it is necessary to take measures to protect the area.
Soil disinfection
After harvesting, the area from which it was collected must be prepared for next season. Whether to dig up the soil or not depends on the agricultural technology you use, but disinfection of the soil is equally necessary for everyone. It should not be neglected, because pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and pests could accumulate in the soil over the course of a season.The most popular and in an effective way disinfection is considered to be a solution of potassium permanganate (or simply potassium permanganate). Are these crystals dark color, which, dissolving in water, color it in shades of purple: at low concentrations - light pink, at high concentrations - purple.
Our grandmothers also knew about the beneficial properties of potassium permanganate: they washed wounds with it, treated poisoning, and used it to control pests in the garden. This wide application potassium permanganate explains its main property - it is an antifungal, antimicrobial drug. Due to active oxidation processes, potassium permanganate kills harmful microbes that cause various infections.
For autumn treatment, a solution is made in the following proportion: 3-5 g (one bottle) of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of water. They water the ground with it and leave it until spring.
The second most popular substance for combating diseases in the garden is copper sulfate (or copper sulfate). It is used both as a single drug and in combination with another chemical - slaked lime, obtaining Bordeaux mixture. We will tell you more about it a little later, but now let’s focus on the properties and characteristics copper sulfate.
It is a bright blue crystal; its aqueous solution has the same shade. The substance copes well with mold, mildew, and pathogenic microorganisms. A solution for disinfecting soil after harvesting is prepared as follows: for 10 liters of water - 1 tbsp. spoon of copper sulfate. Watering with this liquid should be done sparingly, since copper sulfate is a toxic substance.
In particularly advanced cases, you can treat the soil with ordinary bleach (bleach). It is produced in the form of liquid (it is often used to bleach fabrics and disinfect surfaces) and powder. Approximately 100 g of bleach powder is added per 1 m2. It is scattered over the surface and embedded in the soil.
The same applies to formaldehyde. Its effect is weaker compared to bleach - plants can be planted after treatment with formaldehyde within 15-20 days. First you need to dig ditches, pour formalin into them, cover them with earth and leave them for a while. After this, you need to dig up the soil well and leave it for two weeks. After this, the soil is carefully dug up again.
Treatment with boiling water. It also happens that there is nothing at all at the dacha: no special preparations, no other disinfectants, but the soil still needs to be treated. Will help hot water. Yes, the most ordinary boiling water can destroy pathogenic soil microorganisms. Everything is generally simple here: hot water Fill a watering can with a sprinkler and water the surface of the ground. Then the well-watered bed is covered with film to retain the hot steam longer, and left in this form for some time.
Processing of trees and shrubs
SPRAYING. This is where you should remember the Bordeaux mixture. As we have already said, it is obtained from a mixture of copper sulfate and slaked lime in equal proportions or with a slight predominance of lime. Why don’t they use pure vitriol to treat trees? The fact is that its aqueous solution has an acidic environment, which can harm plants. Slaked lime softens it, forming a liquid turquoise color, suitable for spraying plants. It will help rid trees and shrubs of many diseases: gray rot, scab, purple spot, coccomycosis, etc.Spraying with urea also has a beneficial effect on plants. For example, if you carry out this procedure immediately after harvesting, thoroughly wetting the skeletal branches and trunk, you can protect trees and shrubs from scab. To prepare the solution, you need to dilute 500 g of the product in 10 liters of water.
WHITEWASH. Autumn treatment of trees also includes bark protection. To avoid discovering quite deep vertical cracks (frost cracks) on the trunk in the spring, it is necessary to take a number of measures. Usually the cause of these wounds is sudden changes in temperature in winter, when the sun heats the bark during the day, and at night it cools down sharply. Whitewashing the trunks will help avoid this. The bark of young trees is very delicate, so you don’t have to specially prepare it, but with old plants you will have to tinker.
Before you start painting the trees, you need to prepare them. First you need to clean the trunk of moss, lichen, and old peeling bark. This will not only allow the whitewash to adhere better to the surface, but will also help destroy insect pests that are preparing for winter - the causative agents of many diseases: rust, powdery mildew, etc.
If possible, it is better to purchase a ready-made solution of water-dispersion paint. It already contains the additives necessary to protect the bark. The composition is also good because it does not interfere with the wood’s breathing and does not allow ultraviolet radiation to pass through.
If there is no paint, you can prepare the whitewash yourself. You will need the most ordinary crushed chalk ( ceiling whitewash). To prevent it from being washed away by the first rain, wallpaper glue or starch is added to the solution, and for additional disinfection, copper sulfate, which is already well known to us, is added (by the way, it will give the whitewash a beautiful light blue color). For 2 kg of whitewash take 400 g of copper sulfate diluted in hot water and 50 g of glue. The thickness of the solution is brought to the consistency of liquid sour cream - so that the paint does not drain from the trunk, but does not form a thick crust.
FUMIGATION. This method is used quite rarely due to its labor intensity and fire hazard. However, this is a completely effective and most environmentally friendly method for treating trees and shrubs against pests that carry diseases.
It is carried out as follows. Wet straw, fallen leaves, or even peat are placed around the tree, onto which several kilograms of tobacco dust (a byproduct of tobacco production), a natural insecticide, is sprinkled. Some also use branches of coniferous trees, rich in essential oils, the smell of which is not tolerated by insects. Due to the fact that the base is wet, there will be practically no fire around the tree, but there will be plenty of smoke. It is this smoke that will cause the death of not only adult pests, but also their larvae.
To avoid burning the tree and starting a fire, you should follow the safety rules:
do not carry out processing in windy weather;
do not move away from the smoldering straw;
constantly check it for the presence of open flame;
Have extinguishing agents with you.
Disinfection of utility rooms
It is also important to mention the disinfection of everything that helps us obtain, collect or preserve the harvest. We will talk about the disinfection of greenhouses and greenhouses, cellars, sheds, as well as gardening equipment.GREENHOUSES AND GREENHOUSES. In order to have less work next year, you can put in order the place for growing vegetables now. Greenhouses made of polycarbonate or glass are first cleaned of the ropes to which the plants were tied (after all, pathogens can also overwinter on them), and then the walls and frame are washed with a bleach solution.
By and large, you can stop there, but there is another method of disinfection - sulfur bombs. Such a checker is placed on a non-combustible base (for example, a piece of iron or bricks) in the center of the greenhouse and set on fire.
Don't forget to close all the windows first. While the saber is burning, acrid smoke will be released, which is extremely dangerous to inhale. It is he who will disinfect the room, penetrating into the smallest cracks. This method is also suitable for film greenhouses: while the film is not removed, the smoke will disinfect the frame from the inside.
CELLARS AND BARNES. Usually, those who carefully manage their households always have clean rooms.
In the utility room, before storing equipment, it will be enough to wash the floor with bleach. If mold has formed somewhere or traces of a fungal disease have become visible, additional treatment with copper sulfate will be required. It is usually enough to treat the cellars with the same sulfur bomb: the smoke will disinfect the vegetable storage and thereby protect the new crop from damage. Sometimes, due to high humidity or flooding, the walls of the cellar can become covered with mold and mildew. In this case, you will have to prepare a thick whitewash with a high concentration of copper sulfate and cover the surfaces with it.
GARDEN TOOLS AND FOOTWEAR You should also prepare for the new season. The first thing to do is to clear it of any remaining soil, grass and leaves. Then, to disinfect, rinse with water with the addition of either bleach or potassium permanganate. Don’t forget to treat the equipment shafts as well: they can also harbor bacteria. After that gardening Tools need to be dried and sharpened if necessary.
Information signs-beacons for planting should also not be thrown away. Collect them from all the beds and wash them with laundry soap, then dry them - and they can be reused.
Gardening gloves and aprons, depending on their quality and price, can also be preserved: wash them by hand with laundry soap without adding any chemicals.
So next spring you will receive equipment fully prepared for the season.
EVENTUALLY
As you can see, garden disinfection is a very important and necessary process. It will not only disinfect the soil and heal affected trees, but will also protect healthy plants from infections and insects, and will also allow you to obtain more high-quality harvests.
Some gardeners seriously believe that the garden will bear fruit beautifully without special treatments against diseases and pests. This is wrong! Infection occurs quickly. First you lose the harvest, then you lose the tree. Eventually the entire garden may die. A real owner must know what needs to be done to protect fruit trees and berry fields from diseases and other misfortunes.
Insecticides are substances that kill insects or other small pests. The substances of these drugs are of three types, depending on their mode of action. Contact insecticides kill pests when they come into contact with them. These products are used against sucking insects (aphids and horse flies).
Insecticides applied to leaves form a film that is poisonous to insects. They are used against leaf-eating caterpillars. These substances can be used after contact insecticides. Disadvantage: they are washed away by rain.
Systemic insecticides penetrate into the plant and spread with cell sap to all its parts. They are used against sucking insects and some caterpillars.
Fungicides are pesticides that are necessary to combat pathogenic fungi. They are ineffective against bacterial infections. There are two main types of these drugs, which are used depending on the nature and stage of the lesion. Preventative fungicides form a film on the surface of the plant that kills fungal spores. It is advisable to carry out the first spraying before signs of the disease appear.
Systemic fungicides penetrate the plant and are carried along with the juices. They are more effective than preventative ones because they penetrate all parts of the plant.
I have my own system for cultivating the garden. In the spring, as soon as the snow melts (around the end of March), I spray the bushes of black and red currants and gooseberries. I use any insecticides (I buy the most inexpensive ones - Inta-vir, Decid, etc.). And before flowering, I spray the plants against diseases with a red solution of potassium permanganate, adding “Topaz” and iodine to it.
The main treatment is with the beginning of bud swelling. I spray the crown with a three percent solution of Bordeaux mixture fruit trees. If it rains after this, I repeat the treatment. After flowering I spend two or three protective treatments drugs "Horus", "Skor". They need to be alternated.
At the first appearance of pests (aphids, caterpillars, beetles), it is recommended to spray trees and shrubs with a solution of one of the pesticides (Danadim, Iskra, Decis, Inta-vir). It is especially necessary to ensure that the plants are not captured by the copperhead (a white worm with a black head, its length is 3 mm and thickness is 1 mm). The pest loves to live in flower buds, sucking their juice, which is why the flowers turn yellow and crumble. In most gardens, it is the copperhead, and not the weevil, as they say in the books, that destroys the harvest of apples and pears. To combat it, at the beginning and end (before the flowers bloom) of budding, spray the buds with one of the above-mentioned preparations.
I would like to warn you that with all spraying you must add liquid soap(50-100 g per 10 liters of water) to form good foam. This is done so that pesticides stick better and are not washed off so quickly by rain, dew and fog.
At the first signs of scab appearing on apple and pear trees (brown and black spots on the leaves), they should be sprayed with Skor. At the first signs of coccomycosis ( brown spots on the leaves of cherries and cherries), clasterosporia (the same spots on the leaves of plum, cherry plum, apricot, double almond) or moniliosis (drying of flowers and twigs of stone fruit trees), plants should be sprayed with copper-containing preparations, for example copper oxychloride or others.
When dealing with pests and diseases, the main thing is to follow two rules. It is necessary to start spraying at the first signs of diseases and pests, otherwise it will be difficult to deal with them. Be sure to add liquid soap to the solution.
To prevent gooseberries from suffering from powdery mildew, I spray the bushes once before and after flowering with a Topaz solution. If the plants have already begun to suffer from powdery mildew (a white coating on the branches, the ends of which turn black), then they need to be sprayed every three days (at least five times) with a solution of the same drug. The affected ends of the branches must be cut off. If the disease appears again, then the gooseberry must be treated until powdery mildew won't disappear forever. Nevertheless, every spring it is necessary to treat the bushes in the manner described above. If you don’t spray, you’ll get white, practically inedible berries.
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You will need
- Black leg
- The black color of wooden products can be obtained by using the fruits of privet, which is more often called wolfberry. The juice of these berries is mixed with various acids to obtain different shades. The blue color is obtained when mixed with baking soda, scarlet - with glaubert's salt, brown - with copper sulfate and green - with potash.
- You must remember that some antiseptics can be toxic and when working with them, you must take precautions. Before you start treating a wooden house, read the instructions included with the product. After application and drying of the wood, the chemicals disappear and the treated lumber becomes completely safe.
- With the help of bleaching, you can not only prepare wood for painting, but also achieve expressiveness of tone, weakening it to the required level. When bleached, some types of wood sometimes acquire the most unexpected color shades Thus, a walnut having a uniform surface texture with purple tint, when bleached in hydrogen peroxide, it acquires a pure scarlet-pink hue, with further bleaching it becomes pale pink.
- Dilute 50 grams of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) in a liter of warm water, then apply it to the wood with a brush and wipe with a damp cloth after 5 minutes. This stain should be used immediately after preparation. If necessary, repeat the wood treatment. Shades range from cherry to dark brown, almost black.Golden Brown color birch veneer can be obtained by using a 3.5% solution of potassium permanganate. If you then do not protect the tree with anything, the potassium permanganate will fade
Instructions
- AGING BOARDS with Oleg Nefedkin
- Each subsequent layer of stain is applied only after the previous one has dried.
- For bleaching, you can use different solutions. Some act very quickly, others more slowly.
- You can achieve a rich black tone if you use a decoction of oak and alder bark.
- The main inconvenience of using stain is that during processing the composition lifts the wood fiber. On the one hand, this emphasizes the structure of the wood, and on the other, it makes the product more vulnerable to moisture. Therefore, before applying stain, the wood should be wetted superficially, left to soak for a while and thoroughly sanded.
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DIY stain | Construction portal
Purpose of wood stain
Chickenpox has been known for a long time. Most often it affects children, but in them the disease is generally much milder than in the adult generation. Potassium permanganate is used to treat chickenpox. Not everyone knows how to properly prepare this solution.
Many of us have faced such a misfortune. A fungal disease that causes the death of seedlings. Blackleg affects many seedlings garden crops and flowers. Plants become diseased very early, from seedlings to the formation of several leaves. The disease is caused by fungi that are present in almost any soil. They colonize the root collar of small seedlings and clog the stem vessels through which nutrients are supplied. The root collars of the plants turn black, and then the whole plant dies.
Sometimes it is necessary to give a wooden product a gray or silver tint. In order to get this effect, you can use the following method: add one part of water to one part of vinegar and place rusty metal products (wire or nails) in the liquid. The solution should be infused for some time, and then the product is lowered into it and wait until the desired shade is obtained.
Stain is a special composition for treating wood, which is used to give it a different color, usually darker. These compounds do not form a film on the surface, but penetrate into the wood and therefore the wood texture remains visible. Depending on the type of stain, they may have different protective properties.
If you bleach an apple tree in a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide, you get a very beautiful ivory-colored tree. The whitening is quite deep, up to 0.5 mm, and can be polished.
Types of stains for wood processing
You can make ordinary boards look noble and “lived up” with the help of simple decorative techniques. The method of aging wood was used by decorative artist and specialist in Russian wooden architecture Oleg Nefyodkin in his remake of “Village Refectory”. His way of processing the boards turned them from ordinary building material into a work with a special antique charm.Oil-based stains dry in about 3 days, solvent- or water-based stains dry in 2-3 hours.
Oxalic acid solution. Dissolve 1.5-6 g of oxalic acid in 100 g of boiled water. This composition is suitable for bleaching light wood species: linden, white poplar, light walnut, birch and maple. Other types of wood may develop dingy tones or gray spots. After bleaching, veneer sheets must be washed with a solution (composition: hot water - 100 g, soda ash - 3 g, bleach - 15). This treatment removes resin from the surface and raises the wood pile.
An even brown color, close to natural, is obtained by mixing equal proportions of willow bark, oak, walnut shells and alder catkins. All ingredients must be poured with cold water and brought to a boil. After this, add ½ teaspoon of soda to the solution and boil for another 10 minutes.Alcohol stain
- boiled water;
A characteristic sign of the disease is blackening and rotting of the root collar. The root system of diseased plants develops poorly, and seedlings are very easily pulled out of the soil. The defeat is often widespread, especially in greenhouses and nurseries. IN open ground the disease is much less common. Sources of infection are soil and plant debris, where the pathogens of the disease, fungi, persist and live. The disease is promoted by dense plantings, excessive watering, poor ventilation, and sudden changes in temperature and soil moisture. The infection persists in the soil.
To obtain a darker shade of oak wood, you can use ammonia (88%) diluted in water. It is important to avoid inhaling the vapors of this product and ensure that the liquid does not come into contact with the skin. It is better to carry out work on fresh air, and you need to act quickly, because outdoors this stain loses its properties. You can gradually mix the required portions of the product. After the product acquires the desired shade, the solution is washed off. If the product is small, then it can be placed in a glass or ceramic container and an open jar of ammonia can be placed in it. The dish is tightly closed with a lid, and in a few hours the product will be ready.Stains are usually used to change the color of wood, and generally the color should be darker than the original color. For these purposes, you can make stain with your own hands, and this does not necessarily require expensive chemical substances or complex ingredients.
Various solutions are used for bleaching. Some of them act quickly, others slowly. The bleaching technology depends on the composition of the bleach. In the practice of amateur carpenters, a solution of oxalic acid (1.5...6 g) in boiled water (100 g) is traditionally used. This solution bleaches light woods well - linden, birch, maple, light walnut, white poplar; other breeds develop gray spots and muddy shades. After bleaching, the veneer sheets are washed with a solution that simultaneously lifts the pile and deresinates the surface. Composition of the solution (in parts by weight): bleach - 15, soda ash - 3, hot water - 100. First dissolve the soda, then add bleach after the solution has cooled. After using the solution, the wood is washed with water.
Moisten the surface of the wood with a solution of 35 g of potassium carbonate or 75 g of soda ash per liter of water, and then after drying, moisten it with a mixture of 50 grams of tannin (can be bought at a pharmacy) per liter of water. Don’t rush to repeat staining wood with stain - its color only appears after an hour...YOUR TEXT
A stain composition that is too thick can be diluted with a suitable solvent. For water-based stains, water is used, for oil-based stains, paint thinners are used. This way it will be possible to reduce the appearance of possible defects on the surface of the product.
You can also give a tree a brown color using a decoction of nut shells and apple tree bark. If you need to get a more saturated tone, then alum is added to the solution.
is a solution of organic dyes with pigments in ethyl alcohol. Alcohol compositions are used for antiseptic and decorative painting of wooden products. Such stains reduce pile lifting and do not cause swelling of the wood.
- capacity;
Making your own stain: recipes from craftsmen
Plant stains
- To prevent blackleg, you need to be careful about preparing the soil for seedlings. The soil mixture must be freshly prepared. You cannot add humus or compost to it. There are a lot of fungi in them. Soil disinfection can be carried out in various ways. If you have to use soil that has already been used, then it must be calcined in the oven at a temperature of 110 degrees and the soil must be kept in the oven for at least 30 minutes. Or process in the microwave. In the seed boxes, the soil is spilled twice with boiling water or a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. In greenhouses, it is recommended to disinfect the soil with freshly slaked lime (1-1.5 kg/m2). A more modern biological remedy is to spill the soil with a solution of Fitosporin. Three days before sowing seeds or before picking seedlings, you can add Cumulus DF (5 g/m2) to the soil. Adding Trichodermin-3 to the soil 3-5 days before sowing.
- Evaluate the manufacturing method:
- Few people know that you can change the shade of wood using plant-based compounds.
- For many species, with the exception of oak, rosewood, lemon tree and some others, an effective bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide (25% solution), which is sold in pharmacies in the form of a solution or perhydrol tablets. After bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, the wood does not need to be washed. The bleaching process is controlled only visually. Hydrogen peroxide bleaches mainly fine-pored wood and ash. Species containing tannins are difficult to bleach in hydrogen peroxide or cannot be bleached at all (for example, oak). To speed up the bleaching process, the surface of such rocks must be moistened with a 10% solution of ammonia.
- 1. The first step is to “level” the untreated surface of the board - remove all soft fibers with a special metal brush. Processing with this tool will create a peculiar relief on the board, the depth of which should be no less than 1.5 mm. We clean dust from the surface with an ordinary brush or brush.
- Applying stain: video
- Whitening results different breeds trees:
- Treating wood with a decoction of alder and willow bark gives the wood a black color.
Stains based on coffee, tea and vinegar
When using alcohol stain, it is difficult to achieve uniform coloring, since the composition dries quickly and stains may form. For tinting small products, such stains may be suitable, but painting parquet will be very problematic.
- - manganese;
- Seeds, unless the label says that they have undergone special treatment, should be kept in potassium permanganate. Do not forget that there are varieties whose seedlings are more resistant to blackleg disease than others. Keep this in mind when choosing a variety. A few days before sowing, you can heat the seeds in a solution of zinc sulfate (20 mg per 100 ml of water) at a temperature of 48-50 ° C for 20 minutes.
- Fedor, I have never calcined the soil or etched it with potassium permanganate. There wasn't enough soil in the oven yet!! ! I consider the correct temperature and humidity conditions to be the best prevention of blackleg. The soil should be slightly damp, and the “legs” of the seedlings should be warm (seedlings should be in a sunny window - the soil heats up), and the “heads” should be cold (+16), and the room should be cool. I prepare the soil from purchased universal soil + my own garden soil, frozen all winter outside in a bucket. I water the “baby” tomatoes often, but only a little. When dispensed in cups - once every 3-4 days with water room temperature, I water it in the morning or afternoon, but also not to the point of dirt. And dampness and sores appear due to stagnation of moisture in poorly permeable soils and on cold window sills.
To give a reddish tint to light wood, you can use onion peels. Prepare a strongly brewed decoction of the husk and apply it to the product or use it as an additive to brown stains.
Birch wood after bleaching in a 3...5% solution of oxalic acid acquires a greenish tint. Oak and ash veneer are bleached with oxalic acid. For other types of wood, use citric or acetic acid. To do this, acids are diluted with water in a ratio of 50 g per 1 liter of water. To obtain gold veneer, soak Anatolian walnut in hydrogen peroxide, visually observing the appearance of the desired shade. Hydrogen peroxide must be at least 15% concentration. In the same way you can get pink color, bleaching some varieties of walnuts in hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 30%. To get blue on a white background, bleach walnut with contrasting tones in a solution of hydrogen peroxide.
Stains with chemical components
In order to make oak darker, use 88% ammonia diluted in water. Avoid inhaling vapors and do not allow liquid to come into contact with bare skin. Whenever possible, work outdoors. After an hour in the open air, the mixture loses its strength, so apply the stain very quickly or gradually mix new portions, and when the wood takes the color you want, rinse the solution with water. Place the small part to be painted in an enamel or glass container and place an open jar of ammonia in it. Close the top of the dish tightly. In a few hours the staining process will be completed.
- 2. Then we cover the boards with a dark primer, which will highlight the texture of the wood. The primer is prepared from ordinary acrylic paint, which is diluted with water until translucent.
- The stain must be applied extremely carefully, as it will be quite difficult to remove the resulting defects.
- Birch after bleaching in a solution of oxalic acid receives a greenish tint;
- If a decoction of unripe buckthorn fruits is applied to a light tree, the product will acquire a golden-yellow hue.
- Alcohol stains are applied only with a spray (spray gun), and when painting with a brush, the result can be unpredictable
Whitening stains
- corolla;
One of the main risk factors is thickening of crops. Seedlings in separate containers are damaged much less frequently by the black leg.
I don’t like to calcinate (I think all the microelements burn out. , I steam it, wet the soil and put it in a hot oven, I used to do it in a bucket (I put a grid with gauze on the bottom and poured water on top and soil on top), I pour boiling water over it before planting cucumbers, I just pour it into the watering tin and water the furrows, the awakened pests do not eat the seeds. I dilute the manganese in one container, then add it to the required concentration. I water the soil, soak the seeds, and feed the tomatoes.
- To give birch wood a reddish tint, you can use a strong decoction of larch bark.
- Wood is one of the most inexpensive and easiest to use building materials, due to which lumber is most popular in private construction. But in addition to positive qualities, wood also has disadvantages, such as: susceptibility to rot, destruction due to mold or insects, and the possibility of fire. Treating the wood with an antiseptic will help solve these problems, allowing you to significantly extend the service life of this material.
Sliced veneer made from light wood can be painted yellow by using a decoction of barberry root (can be bought at a pharmacy). Strain the broth, you can add 2% alum to it (also at the pharmacy) and heat it again to a boil. The cooled broth will be ready for use.
- 3. After the primer has dried, color can be applied. To create it, white acrylic paint is diluted with water until the composition becomes liquid, like milk. To soften White color, add a little primer to the paint. The final touch in preparing the color is a drop of paint in a cool green shade - this is what will give the wood the effect of antiquity. After applying the composition, remove excess paint from the board with a rubber spatula.
- Formation of streaks. This happens if the stain is applied in large quantities and dries very quickly. In this case, you should try to remove the stain layer as much as possible. On the hardening layer, you need to apply another layer of stain, which will soften the drying one, and then remove the excess solution with a rag.
- ash and oak veneer becomes noticeably lighter after treatment with oxalic acid;
Methods of applying stain
You can make your own wood stain from available materials: coffee, tea and vinegar.
- Oil-based stain
- - cotton swabs.
- The development of the disease is facilitated by low temperatures air, high humidity, low light.
- I agree with Mrina, only now I spill Fitosporin on everything: both in the greenhouse and when I plant seeds. I've been using it for 4 years
The main principles of wood stain processing
Brown vegetable stain is obtained from walnut shells. The slightly rotten shells are dried in the shade and then pounded into powder in a mortar. Then it is added to boiling water, the broth is filtered, and a little soda is added. Wood is treated with this solution, and if, after drying, the surface is moistened with a solution of potassium dichromate in water, a reddish color will be obtained. When processing diluted acetic acid the wood will become grayish.
- The risk group includes wooden elements, located in direct contact with the soil, foundation, building walls and an environment with a high level of humidity, which means that antiseptic treatment will be required for the following elements:
- Orange color obtained by using a decoction of young poplar shoots mixed with alum. Boil poplar branches (150 g) in 1 liter of water to which alum has been added for 1 hour. Then filter and leave to settle in an open glass container. Leave it in a bright room for a week. After this, it acquires a golden yellow color.
- Alexandrushek
- If the stain is completely dry, you need to use paint thinner to remove it. However, it will not be possible to remove all the pigment. The top painted layer can be removed with a plane or sandpaper.
- When bleached in hydrogen peroxide (peroxide concentration not lower than 15%), Anatolian nuts acquire a golden hue, and walnuts acquire a pink color.
- Different shades of brown are obtained when using coffee. The ground grains are mixed with baking soda. Instant coffee can also be used as a mordant. It is enough to brew strong coffee and treat the wood with it.
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- have many tones and shades. Oil stain contains dyes that are soluble in drying oil and oils. White spirit is used as a solvent.
- To begin, pour some boiled water into the container, which must first be cooled to room temperature. The standard treatment method using cotton pads or cotton wool does not require much water. The volume should be no more than one liter. Remember that the water should not be hot so as not to harm the skin (especially when it comes to children).
soil is a living substance and has a balance of microorganisms
Possible defects and their elimination
Alder and oak bark can produce a very rich black stain.
parts of a wooden supporting frame;
To obtain a greenish color, add a decoction of oak bark to the decoction of young poplar shoots with alum (see above). A greenish color will be obtained if fine verdigris powder (50...60 g) is dissolved in vinegar and the solution is boiled for 10...15 minutes. Soak sliced veneer in a hot solution.
You can tint wood with natural dyes.
Spotting of the product. If the wood being treated has an uneven density or is curled, then the absorption of the stain may occur unevenly - the color will be richer in some places and lighter in others.
Wood treatment with stain can be done in one of four ways:
Tints light wood and tea leaves well. Theanine, which is found in tea, gives wood its natural brown color. The saturation of the shade depends on the concentration of the tea.
- Oil stain is the most convenient to use: it can be applied different ways, does not lift fibers and is distributed evenly over the entire surface. Products treated with oil-based stains can be easily repainted and restored.
- Pour a few grains of manganese into a bowl of water, which are best collected with the tip of a knife so as not to “overdo it.” It is better not to handle manganese with your hands, so that colored spots do not remain on the skin. It is important to remember that this drug should not be allowed to come into contact with clothing for the same reason. Thoroughly stir the grains in the water. Potassium permanganate must dissolve completely, otherwise they may burn. To quickly and efficiently achieve homogeneity of the solution, you can use a regular whisk. When the procedure is completed, you can add the required volume of water.
What to do at the first signs of the disease.
strport.ru
Is it possible to treat wood with potassium permanganate?
GWAR
with such soil treatment, not only harmful microorganisms and pest larvae die, but also beneficial microorganisms, and the soil is more quickly populated by harmful ones
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A pleasant brown shade of stain can be obtained by mixing crushed willow and oak bark, walnut shells and alder catkins. All ingredients are added to cold water along with a teaspoon of baking soda and boiled a little over low heat, then cooled, filtered and used. You can also replace the ingredients with walnut shells, willow and apple bark.
kot
wall partitions, interfloor and ceilings;
To obtain a black color, mix the juice of privet fruits (wolf berries) with acids. For brown - with vitriol, blue - with baking soda, scarlet - with Glauber's salt, green - with potash.
Wood weathering, staining, bleaching
Spotting on products made of mahogany or walnut looks attractive, but on wood of cherry, birch, pine, spruce and poplar it does not look natural
Spraying. The stain is applied to the surface of the wood with a spray gun. Spraying allows you to achieve uniform distribution of stain and obtain an even texture.
You can get the effect of ebony “black” wood using vinegar and metal parts. Small iron nails should be filled with acetic acid and left for 2-7 days in a dark place (the longer the solution “infuses”, the darker the color of the wood will turn out). Wood treatment with the prepared composition must be carried out in the fresh air, since the solution has a very pungent odor. It should be noted that polyurethane varnish, when applied to such a product, curls up due to the large amount of vinegar, but nitrate “lays down” normally. 
Wax and acrylic stains
It is better to determine the concentration of the final solution by eye, but carefully and carefully evaluate the resulting color of potassium permanganate. It is important that the solution has a light pink tint. However, if the solution is diluted too much, then the desired effect in treating rashes will not be achieved and the solution will simply not be effective. Therefore, if you can immediately see that the color you are getting is too light and light, you will need to add a few more grains of manganese and stir well again and monitor the shade of the resulting solution. 
1. Remove dead plants. Dry the soil, loosen it.
because after improper processing it often becomes unsuitable for plants
Yellow color can be given to light wood using a decoction of unripe buckthorn fruits. And if you add alum to the product, the tone will intensify even more. If you use apple tree bark, the tone will be brownish.
In some cases, it is necessary to select a silver or gray color for sliced veneer. To obtain a silver-gray color when mordant dyeing light-colored rocks, rainwater(? – I think you can use regular one) add vinegar (1:1), place rusty nails or wire in this solution. After the solution has settled, lower the veneer into it. Check the desired color visually.
Completely unexpected shades of color combinations are obtained in a decoction of ground coffee beans, sometimes with the addition of baking soda. Strong instant coffee is also used. In this method, we calculate the required strength ourselves.
Spotting is very difficult to remove. You can remove a layer of stained wood with a plane; in plywood, you will need to remove all the face veneer.
Rubbing. The stain is applied to the wood and rubbed evenly over the entire area of the product. The coating is transformed, the texture becomes pronounced. This method is optimal for porous wood species, and the stain should not dry quickly.
You can give the wood a cherry, brown and dark brown hue with a solution of potassium permanganate: 50 g should be diluted in 1 liter of warm water, applied to the wood, and after 5 minutes wipe the surface with a soft cloth. In order to get more bright shade treatment with potassium permanganate must be repeated.
- the latest generation of tinting materials. Stains based on acrylic resins and wax form a thin colored film on the surface of the wood, which additionally protects the material from excess moisture. These types of stains “lay” evenly on the surface and are well suited for treating wooden floors.
When the preparation of potassium permanganate is completely completed, take a piece of cotton wool or use cotton pads and thoroughly treat all areas of the rash. The process is quite labor-intensive and time-consuming. Children, especially at a younger age, unfortunately, do not have such great patience to calmly allow each pimple to be treated for 20-30 minutes. Use the bathroom. Bring the concentration of the solution in the bath to the required color and place the child in it. The main thing is not to delay the process of taking such a bath, since it is only important to treat the inflammation and let it dry, and not soak it;
2. Add wood ash or crushed charcoal to the container with seedlings. You can sprinkle with a mixture of dry sand and ash.
It’s better to buy a suitable treated soil in the store and make the right mixture
6.
If you brew larch bark in a strong solution and cover the tree (preferably birch), the tint will be reddish.
It is better to prevent the appearance of spotting in advance:
Apply with a roller or swab. This method is used when processing products with a small area; it helps to avoid streaks and ensures uniform distribution of stain over the surface.
After treating wood with potassium permanganate stain, the surface must be coated with a protective compound, otherwise the potassium permanganate will fade
Acrylic stains have wide range tones, which can be mixed to obtain more subtle shades. Composition does not have unpleasant odor, non-flammable and suitable for all types of wood. Acrylic stains do not emit harmful fumes, and dry quickly after application.
After taking a bath with a solution of potassium permanganate, under no circumstances should you wipe your body with a towel; it is only important to get it lightly wet so that the water does not drain. Then you need to let the affected areas dry well on their own, which will dry out the inflammation and speed up the healing process.
3. After the start of recovery, leave the healthiest specimens.
good luck to you :)
Various shades are obtained after using coffee: using ground coffee beans with the addition of baking soda. You can also brew strong instant coffee and use this solution as a stain.
The market offers a large number of antibacterial chemical products of various effects, differing from each other in composition. In general, all antiseptics can be divided into three groups:
Moisten wood with a high concentration of tannin (sold in a pharmacy) with a 12% ammonia solution, and it will turn gray-brown.
To give the wood a brown color, dry slightly rotten nut shells in the shade and then pound into powder in a mortar. To make stain from powder, you need to boil it in boiling water, filter the broth and throw in a little potassium carbonate or simply soda. If wood treated with walnut stain is moistened with an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate after it dries, the wood will become reddish. And if you treat it with dilute acetic acid, then the same brown wood will become grayish.
test the wood - apply stain to an unnecessary piece of the product being processed;
Application with a brush. If you don't have a spray gun or swab, you can use a brush, but this method is not suitable for all types of stain. Experts note that when applied with a brush, wood gives a deeper, richer color than with other methods.
If you want to get a permanent color, you can experiment and create a stain from chemicals.
When working with acrylic stain, it is important not to overdo it with the thickness of the layer. Good effect can be obtained by applying no more than 2 layers; if more, spots may form
Stain is a tinting composition that is applied to treated wood to change the natural color of wood, plywood, furniture, chipboard, fiberboard and MDF. The second name for the stain is Beitz.
4. As soon as the seedlings get stronger, transplant them into another soil.
Pour water into a metal container (according to the volume and amount of soil - a liter is possible). put it on the fire or stove. and soar so that the steam burns all the soil it contains. that's all. refrigerate and use. You won’t evaporate anything there. These are minerals, and water the manganese before planting or sowing. There is always a lot of everything in humus soil. But steam contributes both to the removal of organic degradants, but also to the minerals becoming more mobile. good luck to you. and the potassium-phosphorus composition, in addition to organic matter, should always be in the soil. this gives the plant an increased immune system against diseases and pests
Vinegar stain is prepared as follows: degreased iron parts (for example, small nails) are poured with acetic acid and left to infuse in a dark place for one to seven days (depending on the required concentration). Since the composition has a very pungent and strong odor, it is better to treat wood with it in the fresh air. This method can produce the effect of ebony, since wood with a high concentration of theanines (for example, walnut) is colored anthracite black by this composition.
water-based products;
Using an aqueous solution of copper sulfate, you can give a gray-blue tint to oak, mute the tone of mahogany, or make sycamore gray - this tone is also called “maple.” The effect will begin to appear after the wood dries.
Do-it-yourself wood treatment with antiseptic
Making a stain that gives a reddish tint to light-colored wood is also possible from onion peels. Prepare a very strong decoction of onion skins and use it on its own or as an additive to brown stains.
What elements of a house or apartment should be treated?
use gel stain.
- In order to receive beautiful product made of natural material, you must adhere to the basic rules of wood processing.
- A tree with a high content of theanine (oak) can be moistened with slaked lime - the product will turn brown. If you treat a nut with this composition, you will get a brown color with an unobtrusive greenish tint.
- Wax stains are very soft wax. They can be used directly on wood or on a pre-painted surface. Wax stains are applied using a cloth and spread over the wood using a rubbing motion.
- The special composition penetrates deep into the wood, due to which the wood texture is preserved. This effect cannot be achieved with enamel or paint.
How to choose a good antiseptic?
5. Do not rush to sow seeds for seedlings.
- And I calcined the soil for the seedlings! I just poured it onto a baking sheet and kept it for half an hour at a temperature of about 200 degrees. At this temperature, no “loss of trace elements” occurs. Pest larvae and mold spores die. For me, this method is more convenient than pouring boiling water. And I used potassium permanganate to treat seeds. I immersed them in a fairly concentrated solution - 1%. Here are the methods for treating seeds (although, to be honest, I didn’t notice much of a difference between treated and untreated seeds).
- Dilute 50 g of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) in a liter of warm water, then apply it to the wood with a brush and wipe with a damp cloth after 5 minutes. This stain should be used immediately after preparation. If necessary, repeat the wood treatment. Shades range from cherry to dark brown, almost black. The golden-brown color of birch veneer can be obtained by using a 3.5% solution of potassium permanganate. If you then do not protect the tree with anything, the potassium permanganate will fade
- oil-based products;
Yellow color is obtained from light wood veneer in a solution of potassium chloride (10 g per 1 liter of water at 100 °C).
Take crushed oak and willow bark, alder catkins and walnut shells in equal parts. Pour into cold water, bring to a boil, add half a teaspoon of baking soda and boil the solution a little more over low heat. Strain. Also good color is achieved by similar preparation of a solution from the bark of willow, apple tree and walnut shells. With subsequent tinting, the product acquires an even brown color, identical to natural.
How to treat wood with an antiseptic yourself
Preparatory work is the key to success
Gel stain is a thick, paste-like stain that does not spread and does not penetrate deep into the wood. In addition, gel stains have a low absorption rate.
Processing technology
The stain is applied strictly in the direction of the wood grain. Excess solution is removed in the same direction.
An unusual shade can be achieved by making the following composition: dissolve 75 g of soda ash and 35 g of potassium carbonate in 1 liter of water. Treat the wood with the composition, and after complete drying, the surface should be moistened with the mixture (1 liter of water + 50 grams of tannin). After this treatment, the color will appear only after an hour, so there is no need to rush and paint the wood again.
Wax stains look most effective in combination with polishing. This technique is often used when finishing turnings, profiles and threads.
DIY stain
Some people use stain to hide the true type of wood, for example, they paint inexpensive pine in colors noble breeds trees. Others use stain to update the interior of a room or highlight beautiful texture natural material.
6. When foci of disease appear, the affected plants are carefully removed, the seedlings are watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate (3-5 g per 10 liters of water), then the seedlings are not watered at all for a week.
Stains based on plant components
Seed dressing with potassium permanganate.
- Various shades of brown can be obtained if wood with a high theanine content (for example, oak) is moistened with slaked lime, and walnut can be colored brown with a greenish tint.
- combined mixtures based on modern chemical compounds;
- If you coat birch or maple with a solution of pyrogallic acid and, after allowing it to dry, cover it with another aqueous solution of potassium chrome, you will get a blue color.
- A rich black color can be obtained by using a solution of willow and alder bark.
- and what will it give
- Most often, stain is applied in 2-3 layers.
Stains from tea, coffee and vinegar
- Sliced light veneer can be repainted yellow using a decoction of barberry root (sold in pharmacies). Strain the finished broth, add a little alum to it and bring to a boil again. The cooled solution is ready to be applied to wood.
- Important! Wax-based stains should not be used before treating wood with two-component acid-curing varnishes or polyurethane
- With skillful use of stain and a combination of several shades at the same time, you can turn an ordinary wood product into an artistic value
- For prevention and at the first signs of disease, it is recommended to spray seedlings biological drugs(Baktofit, Planriz, Fitosporin, Fitolavin-300).
Stains containing chemicals
- The simplest, most common and effective way to disinfect the surface of seeds. Of all the etching agents, potassium permanganate has the widest spectrum of action. Dressing is carried out in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. 1 gram of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is diluted in half a glass (100 ml) of warm water. You get a black solution. Weaker concentrations are practically useless. If the seeds are suspected of being infected, the concentration of the solution is doubled. Care should be taken to ensure that there are no stuck together seeds; for example, tomato seeds stick together and may not be pickled. The seeds are placed in a bag made of non-woven material such as agril and placed in the solution for 20 minutes. Then, without removing it from the bag, rinse it in cold boiled water.
- 75 g of soda ash or 35 grams of potassium carbonate are added to a liter of water, the surface of the wood is moistened with this composition, and after complete drying, it is treated with a solution of 50 grams of theanine in a liter of water. With this method, the color of the stain does not appear immediately, but after an hour.
- Water-based wood treatment products are the most popular, since in addition to killing mold and insects, such compositions provide reliable fire protection. Also, all protective chemicals can be divided into compositions for impregnation or coating of wood. The impregnation penetrates as deeply as possible into the wood, providing a high antibacterial level of protection, while the application agents create protective layer, protecting the surface of the material from contact with water and dampness.
- Relief forms can be impregnated with hot cotton oil, which makes the carving stronger and the relief becomes noble dark color, which, after coating the product with varnish, its polishing becomes more intense.
- If for wooden frame, which will be sheathed, or floorboards on the underside, then used machine oil is better.
- When applying the first layer, you need to use a small amount of stain, and after it dries, the surface will need to be sanded and the raised lint removed.
- You can give the veneer a greenish color using the following solution: dissolve 50-60 g of fine verdigris powder in vinegar, boil for 10-15 minutes and treat the veneer with a hot mixture.
- You can give wood a different shade using plant components.
sdelai-sam.pp.ua
How to ignite the earth? How to “spill with boiling water” and “treat with potassium permanganate”? Write the process itself if you did...
Natalia Brovko
If it’s already overgrown, then it’s better to replant. If it’s prevention, then yes, the main thing is not to overdo it with watering at all. Black leg from dampness
Marina Karaseva
Other methods of disinfecting the surface of seeds.
Natalia Belousova
Light wood can be tinted yellow if you add 2% alum to a decoction of barberry root and heat it to a boil, and then treat the surface of the product with this decoction.
MaryZo
For a more reliable effect, it is worth using impregnating and coating substances together, or giving preference to mixed-type antiseptics that combine both of these effects. Before purchasing, you should carefully study the instructions for the antiseptic and fire-retardant wood treatment products and find out how the effects of the drugs meet your needs.
Various shades of brown can also be obtained using aniline dyes. These paints can be bought in powder - it easily dissolves in water, as well as in turpentine and oil. For a dark stain, mix two aniline dyes - Vandyck brown and Bismarck brown. Dilute each paint separately in warm water. Add 7 ml of glue and a drop of vinegar to both solutions. Mix paints with each other to achieve the shade you want; The more water you add, the lighter the stain will be.
Light wood can be painted yellow with a decoction of unripe buckthorn fruits, and brown - with apple bark and walnut shells. If you add alum to each of the listed decoctions, the color tone will intensify.
This is meaningless, because the disinfecting properties of potassium permanganate are determined by its oxidizing abilities - the release of atomic oxygen at the time of reaction. She will react - and that’s it, the disinfection is over.
When processing the surface, you must try to ensure that the brush does not “go” into already frost-covered areas.
Love
From the juice of wolfberries (privet) and various chemical components, you can get a variety of stain colors: brown - with vitriol, scarlet - with Glauber's salt, blue - with baking soda, green - with potash.
Tatiana Pavlyushchik
A strong decoction of larch bark gives a reddish tint. It is especially decorative when processing birch.
The main criterion by which all stains are classified is the basis for making the solution. The most common stains are water-based, alcohol-based, oil-based, acrylic and wax-based. Let's look at the features of each type.
Potassium permanganate can be used to disinfect the soil in beds, boxes or cups adapted for growing plants. So, seedlings in cups are watered with a warm pink solution of potassium permanganate every 10 days. (You can alternate with watering with ash lye.) Before planting the seeds of any vegetables or flowers, water the soil in the box with a special solution: 3–5 g of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of water. This prevents the “black leg” disease of tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, and cabbage. The same concentration of solution will be needed to disinfect the soil in the greenhouse. 1 liter of solution is poured into the holes for seedlings of tomatoes, cucumbers or other vegetables. However, if you are attentive to your green “wards”, then by their appearance you can almost always determine whether the plant is healthy, and if you notice the first signs of infection, you can immediately take the necessary measures. However, to prevent diseases and the appearance of pests in the greenhouse, “experienced” gardeners treat the outside of the greenhouse several times a season with a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate. Moreover, not only the walls of the greenhouse are treated, but also the area at the entrance. Gardeners do this unscheduled (and therefore necessarily) when it gets cold after rain. Fertilizing with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water) increases plant resistance not only to diseases, but also to unfavorable weather.
A more saturated color is obtained by using a decoction of young poplar shoots and the same alum. Boil 150 g of poplar branches in a liter of water, add alum and boil for another hour. The filtered broth is left to stand in a glass container for a week and then used.
Wood processing, regardless of whether it is planed timber or an ordinary log for a log house, is carried out only if the wood has the required level of humidity corresponding to the numbers indicated on the packaging of the antiseptic. Before you start treating wood with an antiseptic, it is necessary to carry out all drilling and sawing work, since the preparations act on the surface of the wood and all fresh chips and cuts that appear after treatment will become potential sources of mold and mildew. It is also extremely important to clean the surface of the wood from possible contaminants and degrease the surface, which can be done using special chemicals.
Tatyana Pavlova
You can take dyes for clothes. Yellow, red, and brown. Dilute in water in approximately 100-150 ml. Each sachet is in a separate bottle. And now you can mix any stain from these colors.
Does watering seedlings with potassium permanganate help against blackleg? And can I water it?
Victor Soloviev
Low-fat small nails or iron filings are poured with acetic acid and the composition is allowed to brew for a day to a week (depending on the desired saturation) in a dark place. The product is coated with this composition. True, it has a strong pungent odor and it is better to cover the tree with it in the fresh air. The Americans call this recipe ebenization (ebony), because... on rocks with a high tannin content, such as walnut, a well-defined black color is obtained, sometimes almost like anthracite. True, some furniture makers note that water-based polyurethane varnish simply curls up when applied to such wood, apparently due to vinegar. But nitra is normal.
They go to the store and buy a wood product http://sekretystroyki.ru/zashhita-drevesiny-ot-gnieniya.html or beg from chemists
The stained wood, after drying, is polished with a thick, coarse cloth in the direction along the grain or diagonally.
Bleaching wood allows you to prepare the product for painting and achieve expressive tone. Some tree species acquire unexpected color shades when bleached. For example, walnut, which has a uniform texture with a purple tint, becomes pale pink or scarlet pink after treatment with a bleaching stain. Bleaching an apple tree makes the wood noble color ivory.
A reddish tint can be achieved by using onion peels. To do this, you need to prepare a “cool” decoction and treat light wood with it or add it to a purchased stain.
Water-based stains
No, you can’t help anymore. To avoid blacklegs, you do not need to fill the soil and sprinkle the soil with clean, calcined sand on top before sowing the seeds.
For seed treatment you can also use 1% saline solution, 0.04% phosphorus or 3% vinegar solution acids.
A greenish tint of wood is obtained if a strong decoction of oak bark is added to the above-described decoction of poplar twigs and alum. Otherwise the process is the same.
After everything has been done preparatory work, you can start processing the wood. Processing technology depends on the means and capabilities available to you. Most effective way is to soak the wood in a diluted preparation, however, this option will require large expenses and at home it is almost impossible to treat massive elements such as rafters and floor joists using this method. The second method involves applying an antiseptic to the surface of the wood using a regular brush or roller. The antiseptic must be applied evenly, painting the entire surface of the wood. Processing is carried out in several layers, usually 2 to 4-5 layers are required, more detailed information can be found in the instructions attached to the chemical preparation you have chosen.
8. Whitening:
4.
it turns out to be a stain effect
It is better to divide large surfaces of the product into sections and stain them sequentially.
Bleaching with stain: photo
Using walnut shells, you can get different shades. The old shells need to be dried a little and ground into powder. Boil the resulting nut powder in water, strain through a fine strainer and add a little baking soda to the solution. Wood treated with this composition will acquire a brownish tint, and if, after drying, an additional aqueous solution of potassium dichromate is applied to it, a reddish tint will be obtained. To obtain a grayish tint, the surface treated with the “walnut” solution must be soaked with dilute acetic acid.
Yana Yevtushenko
are produced in two forms: dry stains in powder form for self-dilution in water, and in a ready-to-use state. Water-based stains take quite a long time to dry, so it will take a long time to achieve a uniform tone.
Daniel
It is better to pour furatsilin solution with which to gargle 1 t per glass of water
Galina
I also baked it on a baking sheet in the oven, but not much, and not for half an hour, the earth didn’t even have time to dry. Of course, the microorganisms die, but after cooling you need to water them a little with Baikal.
Olga
Also green color wood can be obtained by dissolving 50-60 grams of fine verdigris powder in vinegar and boiling the product for ten to fifteen minutes. It is better to soak planed products in this solution (hot) for some time until the desired color is obtained.
After the antiseptic and fire-retardant treatment of wood has been carried out, the material must dry under natural conditions, in a dry, ventilated hanging or outdoors under a canopy. For drying, depending on the chosen composition and the number of layers applied, 48 to 72 hours will be enough, after which the elements are ready for use. Treating yourself with an antiseptic is a fairly simple process, which, however, will require attention and concentration.
Treating seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate Treating tomatoes with potassium permanganate Soil treatment in a greenhouse with potassium permanganate
Wood is an environmentally friendly, warm, visually pleasing multifunctional material. But it, of course, does not last forever. To extend the life of wooden products, wood treatment against rotting and moisture is required. From our article you will learn how firing and how bleaching will help wood, learn the rules for coating a product with wax and be able to understand the intricacies of painting and staining.
Why do you need to treat the surface of wooden products?
The safety of furniture, household items, and building elements is the main goal of wood finishing. If the wood rots, all is lost: those who say that rotten wood will cause the house to fall apart are not exaggerating.
A rotten product very quickly loses strength, it becomes 20 times weaker, and its density is halved. Such changes are fatal to a wooden structure or furniture. But that’s not all: rotting wood is harmful to human health. Molds that immediately attack wood provoke respiratory diseases.
Mold and mildew on wood
Mold appears due to:
- contact of the material with the ground (wood beetles, various bacteria and microorganisms quickly begin to “host” the wood);
- a sharp decrease in temperature - an untreated surface tends to absorb moisture, therefore the liquid absorbed in the cold further expands, forms cracks in the wood, which inevitably leads to the development of rot;
- high air humidity (above 80%);
- high humidity of the wood itself;
- stagnant air.
You can understand that a material is rotting by visual signs of loss of density and hardness, by the appearance of small cracks on it, and by a change in the color of the material. Therefore, treating wood from the influence of moisture and decay is not a matter of free choice, but of mandatory protection of the material and extension of the service life of the product.
Burning
One of the most ancient recipes against aging and rotting of wood is roasting. A long time ago, people noticed that charred wood retains its strength and density longer. The advantages of firing speak for themselves: there is no need to use chemical components, processing can not necessarily be done in a workshop, the material becomes fire-resistant and wear-resistant. Among the shortcomings, one can only mention the laboriousness of the process.
An example of wood processing by surface firing Types of wood processing by firing:
- full firing– the material in this case is sent to a vacuum oven; this type is rarely used, because wood can reduce the quality of its performance properties;
- deep firing– carried out in ovens open type, the burning depth of the top layer cannot be more than 2 cm (metol is often used for used wood);
- surface firing- the most popular option, the wood is evenly burned with a gas burner; only the top 5 mm layer needs to be processed.
Cedar, beech, hornbeam, poplar, alder, walnut, larch - all these species are successfully processed by firing. Initially, the wood should have low humidity levels (13% maximum), and there should be no traces of paint and varnish coatings on the material. If the coating is not removed, the resinous substances in its composition will be unevenly distributed over the surface during firing, which will spoil the appearance of the product.
Cedar, beech, hornbeam, poplar, alder, walnut, larch - these species are successfully processed by firing.
Firing consists of the following stages: selection of material, bringing to a dry and clean state (grinding), processing blowtorch or a gas burner. And although the fired surface has improved its operational status, it will have to be processed again. Oil, protective varnish, synthetic wax: the choice of impregnation products is not small.
Whitening
Whitening (or lightening) wood is usually aimed at eliminating stains on the wood, so that decorative properties products or buildings did not raise questions.
Why is there a need for whitening:
- appears on the surface of the material mold, and even if it has already been removed, darkening, spots, as traces of its vital activity, remain;
- the tree ages naturally;
- dyes of different natures fall on the surface;
- chemically aggressive substances enter the wood, changing its structure and color.
The procedure for bleaching wood does not always involve inviting specialists. Very often, craftsmen make do on their own. This can be done with the help of special chemical bleaches and antiseptics sold in construction stores. You can make a solution by folk recipe, but this method does not always give a guaranteed result.
And yet one of these folk methods is still in demand. Hydrogen peroxide and an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonia are a successful combination for bleaching wood. Carry out all work outdoors or in a well-ventilated room. The proportions are selected experimentally, as they depend on the condition of the surface and the type of wood.
Let's look at step-by-step whitening using the example of a popular recipe:
- You will need - 250 g of soda, 2 kg of bleach, 5 liters of water.
- Mix all the ingredients and leave the solution for several hours.
- The composition can be applied to the surface with a brush, roller, or spray.
- 7 minutes after applying the composition, wipe the wood with vinegar; after 15-20 minutes you can evaluate the result.
- If the wood is very dark and old, the procedure may have to be repeated.
- In difficult cases, the product is soaked in the finished composition for half an hour.
Waxing
Wood has been protected by waxing for over 1000 years. The wax establishes special contact with coniferous species trees, preserving the aroma and texture of the latter.
Why wood needs waxing:
- a thin film is formed on the wood surface, which allows you to protect the material from the destructive effects of moisture;
- the product penetrates deeply into the fibers, makes them stronger, but does not clog the pores of the wood, leaving it the opportunity to “breathe”;
- It is almost impossible to leave scratches on waxed wood;
- the visual characteristics of the material are noticeably improved;
- beeswax is a natural, versatile product for wood processing;
- a wax layer with coloring components can adjust the color of the wood.
Wax can be soft, liquid or hard. Liquid material gives wood shine, hard material copes with visual defects, and soft material protects against dust and stains.
Waxing steps:
- Preparation of the material with two stages of grinding.
- Removing the facing composition, if any. Wax can only be applied to the bare wood structure.
- The treatment involves coating with both oil and wax, so you can initially saturate the wood with oil, which will enhance the effect of the wax.
- The wax is applied with a cloth swab, foam sponge or wide brush. Only hard types For application you need a brush with synthetic bristles.
- The first layer is applied with wide circular movements, unpainted areas will be removed with a new layer and polishing. You will then wait as long as the wax instructions indicate and apply a new coat.
- In order for a satin shine to appear on the wood, it needs to be polished with a soft cloth (5 minutes, no more). But the mirror surface will require longer polishing.
Waxing has a lot of advantages: the naturalness of the composition, an excellent decorative effect, and good protective characteristics. But there is also a minus: if, through ignorance (or carelessness) you apply several layers of wax, the color and texture of the product may change significantly.
An educational video talks about processing wooden products with oil and wax.
Painting
Today a lot of people work with wood: boho panels, elegant in their simplicity, are increasingly decorating interiors, and photo backdrops for Instagram even allow enterprising craftsmen to make great money. And painting wood is one of the most popular types of wood processing; today everything is becoming interesting more of people. The choice of paint and varnish materials depends on the type of wood used, the possibility of re-painting, compatibility with the existing coating and, of course, decorative purposes.
Acrylic paints allow the wood to breathe, are resistant to temperature changes and do not fade in the sun Paints and varnishes are divided into three types (or groups) - transparent compositions, dispersion coatings, opaque enamels. Transparent impregnations will protect the wood from the sun and emphasize the natural grain of the wood. The dispersion group will preserve the color of the wood, increase its climatic resistance and vapor permeability. Opaque enamels are the traditional, most familiar coloring compositions to us.
Painting wood at home - compositions:
- oil– in recent years they have been rarely used, the drying oil in the formula makes it toxic and unpleasant in smell;
- alkyd– comfortable in many ways, but dry quickly, and therefore cannot penetrate into the deep layers of wood (alkyd coating is short-lived);
- acrylic- market leaders, because these compounds allow wood to breathe, do not have strong odors, retain color for a long time, tolerate frost well, etc.
If you are for the quality of the result, then the tree must be treated with an antiseptic. And this is done before painting. Thanks to the treatment of wood with anti-rot and anti-moisture products, you will not encounter fungus, mold, flowering and rotting.
A mixture of propolis and vegetable oil is well suited for this purpose. For 1 part oil, take 3 parts propolis, apply the mixture to a clean, sanded surface. Let the layer dry.
Finally, painting will put the finishing touches on wood processing. It will be protected from pests, fungi and mold attacks. Painting prevents the wood from cracking ahead of time, it protects it from moisture and, finally, closes the decorative solution object. With high-quality processing wooden structure will last at least 50 years (and more likely 100 or more). Without treatment, the tree will definitely not last for half a century.
Staining
Treatment with stain solves an important problem - featureless types of wood become more impressive in appearance, the material receives protection from negative environmental factors.
Types of stains
The basis for the product can be water, alcohol, oil and more. Each composition has its own specifics.
Types of staining agents:
- Water. Water stains are sold either in ready-to-use form or in the consistency of a powder that needs to be diluted. Good adhesion of the composition, favorable visual characteristics, absence of odor - all these are advantages of water-based stains. But there are also disadvantages: raised pile and stains when processing resinous rocks.
- Alcohol. Also sold in liquid and powder form, applied with a spray gun. If you need to finish large areas, it makes sense to purchase such a stain.
- Oily. Can be applied either manually or with a spray gun. It takes several hours to dry, but is not afraid of sunlight and retains its color saturation for years.
- Wax and acrylic. Excellent moisture-proofing products that maintain an even tone and leave no streaks. An excellent choice for furniture restoration.
This video clearly shows how to properly apply stain to wood.
But these are not all the options for affordable staining.
Potassium permangantsovka
Treating wood with potassium permanganate is an accessible and cheap recipe for transforming a natural material. Manganese solution allows you to get a rich brown or cherry tint. For 1 liter of water you will need 50 g of potassium permanganate. Take only warm water. Mix the mixture thoroughly and apply to the tree immediately after preparation. 5 minutes after natural processing wipe the surface with a damp cloth.
You may need several such procedures to achieve a darker and more saturated shade. The result will please you with a quick transformation that does not require the use of chemicals. An alternative to potassium permanganate can be a solution of willow or alder bark, black walnut tincture, onion peel decoction, or nut shell powder.
Each of the listed methods of wood processing (from fire to manganese solution) not only changes the material, it improves its performance characteristics, appearance, and properties. Finally, it makes you feel like an artist who makes this world a little better.
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