Home > Finishing > How to make a mini wind generator with your own hands. Homemade wind generator for home and garden: principles of operation, diagrams, what kind and how to do it. How to make a wind generator from a car generator

How to make a mini wind generator with your own hands. Homemade wind generator for home and garden: principles of operation, diagrams, what kind and how to do it. How to make a wind generator from a car generator

A wind generator made from a car generator can help in a situation where a private home does not have the ability to connect to a power line. Or it will serve as an auxiliary source of alternative energy. Such a device can be made from scrap materials, using the best practices of folk craftsmen. Photos and videos will demonstrate the process of creating a homemade wind turbine.

There is a huge variety of types of wind generators and drawings for their manufacture. But any design includes the following mandatory elements:

generator;
blades;
storage battery;
mast;
electronic unit.

With some skills, you can make a wind generator with your own hands

In addition, it is necessary to think through the control and distribution system of electricity in advance and draw an installation diagram.

Wind wheel

The blades are perhaps the most important part of a wind generator. The operation of the remaining components of the device will depend on the design. They are made from different materials. Even from plastic sewer pipe. Pipe blades are easy to manufacture, inexpensive and not susceptible to moisture. The procedure for manufacturing a wind wheel is as follows:

It is necessary to calculate the length of the blade. The diameter of the pipe should be equal to 1/5 of the total footage. For example, if the blade is one meter long, then a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm will do.
Using a jigsaw, cut the pipe lengthwise into 4 pieces.
From one part we make a wing, which will serve as a template for cutting out subsequent blades.
We smooth out burrs on the edges with abrasive.
The blades are fixed to an aluminum disk with welded strips for fastening.
Next, the generator is screwed to this disk.

Blades for wind wheel

After assembly, the wind wheel needs balancing. It is mounted horizontally on a tripod. The operation is carried out in a room closed from the wind. If the balancing is carried out correctly, the wheel should not move. If the blades rotate on their own, then they need to be sharpened until the entire structure is balanced.

Only after successful completion of this procedure should you proceed to checking the accuracy of rotation of the blades; they should rotate in the same plane without distortion. Please allow 2mm error.

Generator assembly diagram

Mast

To make a mast, an old water pipe with a diameter of at least 15 cm and a length of about 7 m is suitable. If there are buildings within 30 m of the intended installation site, then the height of the structure is adjusted upward. For efficient operation of the wind turbine, the blade is raised above the obstacle by at least 1 m.

The base of the mast and the pegs for securing the guy wires are concreted. Clamps with bolts are welded to the stakes. For guy wires, galvanized 6 mm cable is used.

Advice. The assembled mast has considerable weight, with manual installation you will need a counterweight from a pipe with a load.

Generator conversion

To make a windmill generator, a generator from any car is suitable. Their designs are similar to each other, and the modification boils down to rewinding the stator wire and making a rotor with neodymium magnets. Holes are drilled in the rotor poles to fix the magnets. Install them alternating poles. The rotor is wrapped in paper, and the voids between the magnets are filled epoxy resin.

Car generator

In the same way, you can remake the engine from an old washing machine. Only the magnets in this case are glued at an angle to avoid sticking.

The new winding is rewound along the reel onto the stator tooth. You can make a random winding, depending on who you are comfortable with. How more quantity turns, the more efficient the generator will be. The coils are wound in one direction according to a three-phase circuit.

The finished generator is worth testing and measuring data. If at 300 rpm the generator produces about 30 volts, this is a good result.

Generator for a windmill from a car generator

Final assembly

The generator frame is welded from a profile pipe. The tail is made of galvanized sheet. The rotary axis is a tube with two bearings. The generator is attached to the mast in such a way that the distance from the blade to the mast is at least 25 cm. For safety reasons, it is worth choosing a calm day for the final assembly and installation of the mast. When exposed to strong winds, the blades can bend and break against the mast.

To use batteries to power equipment that operates on a 220 V network, you will need to install a voltage conversion inverter. The battery capacity is selected individually for the wind generator. This indicator depends on the wind speed in the area, the power of the connected equipment and the frequency of its use.

Wind generator device

To prevent battery damage from overcharging, you will need a voltage controller. You can make it yourself if you have sufficient knowledge in electronics, or buy a ready-made one. There are many controllers available for sale for alternative energy generation mechanisms.

Advice. To prevent the blade from breaking in strong winds, install a simple device - a protective weather vane.

Wind generator maintenance

A wind generator, like any other device, needs technical control and service. To ensure uninterrupted operation of the windmill, the following work is periodically carried out.

Wind generator operation diagram

The current collector requires the most attention. Generator brushes need cleaning, lubrication and preventive adjustment every two months.
At the first sign of a malfunction of the blade (shaking and imbalance of the wheel), the wind generator is lowered to the ground and repaired.
Every three years, metal parts are coated with anti-corrosion paint.
Regularly check the fastenings and tension of the cables.

Now that the installation is complete, you can connect devices and use electricity. At least while it's windy.

Do-it-yourself generator for a windmill: video

Payment for electricity today takes up a significant share of the cost of maintaining a home. In apartment buildings, the only way to save money is to switch to energy-saving technologies and optimize costs using multi-tariff schemes (night mode is paid at reduced prices). And if available personal plot You can not only save on consumption, but also organize independent energy supply for your private home.

This is a normal practice that originated in Europe and North America, and has been actively implemented in Russia over the past couple of decades. However, equipment for autonomous power supply is quite expensive; the payback to “zero” does not occur earlier than after 10 years. In some states, it is possible to return energy to public networks at fixed rates, this reduces the payback time. IN Russian Federation To obtain a “cashback” you need to go through a number of bureaucratic procedures, so most users of “free” energy prefer to build wind generator with your own hands, and use it only for personal needs.

Legal side of the issue

Homemade wind generator for the home is not subject to prohibitions; its production and use does not entail administrative or criminal penalties. If the power of a wind generator does not exceed 5 kW, it is classified as a household appliance and does not require any approval from the local energy company. Moreover, you are not required to pay any taxes if you do not make a profit when selling electricity. In addition, a homemade generating windmill, even with such productivity, requires complex engineering solutions: it’s easy to make it. Therefore, the power of a homemade product rarely exceeds 2 kW. Actually, this power is usually enough to power a private home (of course, if you do not have a boiler and a powerful air conditioner).

In this case, we are talking about federal legislation. Therefore, before making a decision to make a windmill with your own hands, it would be a good idea to check the presence (absence) of regional and municipal regulations that may impose some restrictions and prohibitions. For example, if your house is located on a specially protected natural area, the use of wind energy (which is natural resource) may require additional approvals.

Problems with the law can arise if you have troublesome neighbors. Windmills for home are classified as individual buildings, so they are also subject to some restrictions:

Types of generators

Before deciding how to make a wind generator with your own hands, let’s consider the design features:

According to the location of the generator, the device can be horizontal or vertical

According to the generated voltage rating

Typical examples of homemade wind generators

The design of the wind generator is the same, regardless of the chosen scheme.

A propeller that can be installed either directly on the generator shaft or using a belt (chain, gear) drive.
The generator itself. This can be a ready-made device (for example, from a car), or a regular electric motor, which generates electric current when rotated.
Inverter, voltage regulator, stabilizer - depending on the selected voltage.
Buffer element - rechargeable batteries that ensure continuity of generation, regardless of the presence of wind.
Installation structure: mast, roof mounting bracket.

Propeller

Can be made from any material: even from plastic bottles. True, flexible blades significantly limit power.

It is enough to cut cavities in them to take in the wind.

A good option is a household windmill made from a cooler. You get a finished design with professionally made blades and a balanced electric motor.

A similar design is made from a cooler for computer power supplies. True, the power of such a generator is scanty - unless you light an LED lamp or charge a mobile phone.

However, the system is quite functional.

Good blades are made from aluminum sheets. The material is available, it is easy to mold, and the propeller is quite light.

If you are creating a rotary propeller for a vertical generator, you can use tin cans cut lengthwise. For powerful systems, half steel barrels are used (up to a volume of 200 liters).

Of course, you will have to approach the issue of reliability with special care. Powerful frame, shaft on bearings.

Generator

As mentioned above, you can use a ready-made automobile motor or an electric motor from industrial electrical installations (household appliances). As an example: a wind generator made from a screwdriver. The entire structure is used: engine, gearbox, cartridge for attaching the blades.

A compact generator is obtained from a printer stepper motor. Again, the power is only enough to power LED lamp or smartphone charger. In nature - an irreplaceable thing.

If you are comfortable with a soldering iron and have a good understanding of radio engineering, you can assemble the generator yourself. Popular scheme: wind generator with neodymium magnets. Advantages of the design - you can independently calculate the power for the wind load in your area. Why neodymium magnets? Compact with high power.

You can remake the rotor of an existing generator.

Or create your own design, with the manufacture of windings.

The efficiency of such a windmill is an order of magnitude higher than when using a circuit with an electric motor. Another undeniable advantage is compactness. The neodymium generator is flat and can be placed directly in the center coupling of the propeller.

Mast

The manufacture of this element does not require knowledge of electronics, but the viability of the entire wind generator depends on its strength.

For example, a mast 10–15 meters high requires properly calculated guy wires and counterweights. Otherwise, a strong gust of wind may topple the structure.

If the generator power does not exceed 1 kW, the weight of the structure is not so large, and issues of mast strength fade into the background.

Bottom line

A homemade wind generator is not as complex a design as it might seem at first glance. Taking into account the high cost of factory-made products, you can save a lot by making your own wind farm and quite available materials. Taking into account low costs to create a windmill, it will pay off fairly quickly.

Video on the topic

One of simple ways get cheap electricity- wind generator. You don’t have to buy it; you can build it yourself, using correctly drawn up drawings and diagrams, parts and materials.

The principle of operation of a wind generator is simple: the wind sets in motion the blades that rotate the turbine rotor, which converts wind energy into mechanical energy. Wind turbines are:

with horizontal axis rotors;
with vertical axis rotors.

The advantage of the latter is that they work regardless of the direction of the wind and its strength. The power generated by a homemade wind generator ranges from 100 to 6000 W. The minimum speed at which a turbine can begin to generate electricity is 2.5-3 m/s, but to achieve rated power, wind speeds of 10 m/s are required.

The rotor typically spins at 15 to 20 rpm, whereas a typical induction generator produces electricity at over 1,500 rpm. A 12-volt car generator is suitable for a homemade windmill.

Wind generator operating principle

How to make a wind generator with your own hands

The basis for creating a wind generator is a well-made project and a prepared drawing. This is very important, because without a clear idea of how the device should look, it will be difficult to build it correctly without violating the order of installation of all elements.

Drawings and diagrams

You need to start by drawing up a general sketch of the wind turbine, marking the key elements: the tower, the generator, the wooden base, the blades and the hub that connects them together. A self-composed diagram may not be very detailed: this is not necessary. It should be used for general idea about how the various parts of the wind turbine will be arranged, and how the design will look in the final stages.

Wind electric generator assembly diagram

After preparing the circuit, you need to set correct sizes wind generator. They should include height, length and width wooden base, which connects the generator and tail fin to the tower. Also determine the dimensions for blades made of metal pipes or PVC pipes, depending on what material will be used. Separate measurements are needed for the tail fin: height, width and length, and diameter for the blades, which determine the size of the wind turbine.

Once the drawing and rough sketch of the device with the set dimensions are ready, you can proceed to preparing materials and tools for work.

Required tools and materials

To make a homemade windmill you will need the following parts:

rotor with blades;
gearbox for regulating the rotor speed;
gel or alkaline battery for powering electrical appliances;
inverter for current transformation;
tail section;
mast.

The rotor with blades can be made independently, while the remaining elements will probably have to be purchased or assembled from necessary details. In addition, to assemble a homemade windmill you will need the following tools and materials:

wood saw;
metal scissors;
hot glue;
soldering iron;
drill.

Screws and bolts are required to connect the blades to the hub and for fastening metal pipe with a tree.

DIY wind generator blades

When making blades yourself, you should pay special attention to observing the shape of the products specified in the drawing. The blades can be wing or sail type. The second one is easier to manufacture, but has no high efficiency, which makes it ineffective in even medium-sized homemade wind generators.

For the manufacture of homemade wind generator blades, the following materials are suitable:

plastic;
tree;
aluminum;
fiberglass;
polyvinyl chloride

Design of the blade part of a wind generator

If you choose polyvinyl chloride, then PVC pipes with a diameter of 160 mm or more are perfect for creating blades. Plastic and wood are less wear-resistant materials that, under the influence of precipitation and strong winds, will become unusable in a few years. The best option is aluminum: it is durable and lightweight, resistant to tearing and creasing, and resistant to moisture and elevated temperatures.

Step-by-step manufacturing instructions

When all the drawings have been drawn up and the materials and tools have been prepared, you can begin to assemble the wind generator with your own hands, following the following procedure:

Prepare the concrete foundation. The depth of the pit and the volume of concrete mixture are calculated based on the type of soil and climatic conditions. After pouring, the foundation needs several weeks to gain the required strength. Only after this can the mast be installed into it to a depth of 60-70 cm, securing it with guy wires.
Place the prepared blades in the pipe, secure them with screws and nuts on the bushing on which the engine will be installed.
Place the diode bridge next to the engine and secure it with self-tapping screws. Connect the wire from the motor to the positive diode bridge, and the other wire to the negative bridge.
Secure the motor shaft, put the bushing on it and tighten it tightly counterclockwise.
Balance the base of the pipe with the motor and shaft attached to it and mark the balance point.
Secure the base of the device with bolts.

A wind generator can last much longer if you paint not only the blades, but the base, shaft and engine cover. To turn on the installation you will need a set of wires, a charger, an ammeter and a battery.

Preparing a car generator

In order to make a wind generator with your own hands from a car generator? you will need an installation with a power of 95A with a voltage of 12 V. At 125 rpm it produces 15.5 W, and at 630 rpm this figure will be 85.7 W. If we talk about a load of 630 rpm, the voltmeter will show 31.2 volts, and the ammeter will show 13.5 amperes. Thus, the generator power will be 421.2 W. To achieve this indicator, it is necessary to use neodymium magnets, which are 7 times more efficient than ferrite magnets.

At the beginning of preparing a car generator, you need to remove the rotor winding of the magnetic excitation and the electronic brushes with the commutator. In place of the ring ferromagnets, you need to install 3 neodymium magnets, the size of each of them should be 85 x 35 x 15 millimeters. The disadvantage of using powerful magnets can be “sticking”, which impedes the movement of the shaft. To reduce it, the magnets should be placed at a slight angle relative to each other.

Before starting the generator, it must be tested on a lathe by spinning the shaft to 950–1000 rpm. If the device is working normally, the output will be at least 200 W. In most cases, a classic power plant with a vertical axis is suitable: it is characterized by low speeds and noiselessness.

During operation of the wind generator, it is recommended to periodically check the reliability of the fastenings at the base of the mast, lubricate the bearings of the rotating device, and balance the tilt of the installation. Once every six months it is recommended to check and change the electrical insulation, which is often damaged due to use in unfavorable conditions.

A homemade wind generator, assembled from a car generator and simple parts, can provide electricity to a small house and become an autonomous backup power source. Environmentally friendly and low maintenance, it will pay for itself within 2–4 years, depending, and will last for decades.

Every year people search for alternative sources. A homemade power station from an old car generator will come in handy in remote areas where there is no connection to the general network. It will be able to freely charge batteries, and will also ensure the operation of several household appliances and lighting. You decide where to use the energy that will be generated, as well as collect it yourself or purchase it from manufacturers, of whom there are plenty on the market. In this article, we will help you figure out how to assemble a wind generator with your own hands from the materials that any owner always has.

Let's consider the operating principle of a wind power plant. Under a fast wind flow, the rotor and propellers are activated, after which the main shaft begins to move, rotating the gearbox, and then generation occurs. At the output we get electricity. Therefore, the higher the rotation speed of the mechanism, the greater the productivity. Accordingly, when locating structures, take into account the terrain, relief, and know the areas of the territories where the vortex speed is high.

Assembly instructions from a car generator

To do this, you will need to prepare all the components in advance. The most important element is a generator. It is best to take a tractor or bus, it can generate much more energy. But if this is not possible, then it is more likely to make do with weaker units. To assemble the device you will need:
voltmeter
battery charging relay
steel for making blades
12 volt battery
wire box
4 bolts with nuts and washers
clamps for fastening

Assembling a device for 220V home

When everything you need is ready, proceed to assembly. Each option may have additional details, but they are clearly stated directly in the manual.
First of all, assemble the wind wheel - main element design, because it is this part that will transform wind energy into mechanical energy. It is best if it has 4 blades. Remember that the smaller their number, the more mechanical vibration and the more difficult it will be to balance it. They are made from sheet steel or iron barrel. They should not be shaped like you saw in old mills, but rather reminiscent of the wing type. They have much lower aerodynamic drag and higher efficiency. After you use a grinder to cut out a windmill with blades with a diameter of 1.2-1.8 meters, you need to attach it together with the rotor to the generator axis by drilling holes and connecting with bolts.

Assembling the electrical circuit

We secure the wires and connect them directly to the battery and voltage converter. You need to use everything that you were taught to make in school physics lessons when assembling an electrical circuit. Before you start designing, think about what kW you need. It is important to note that without subsequent alteration and rewinding, the stator is not at all suitable; the operating speed is 1.2 thousand-6 thousand rpm, and this is not enough to produce energy. It is for this reason that it is necessary to get rid of the excitation coil. To increase the voltage level, rewind the stator with a thin wire. As a rule, the resulting power at 10 m/s will be 150-300 watts. After assembly, the rotor will magnetize well, as if power was connected to it.

Homemade rotary wind generators are very reliable in operation and cost-effective; their only imperfection is the fear of strong gusts of wind. The principle of operation is simple - a vortex through the blades causes the mechanism to spin. In the process of these intense rotations, energy is generated, the tension you need. Such a power plant is a very successful way to provide electricity to a small house; of course, its power will not be enough to pump water from a well, but it is possible to watch TV or turn on the lights in all rooms with its help.

From a home fan

The fan itself may not be working, but only a few parts are required - a stand and the screw itself. For the design you will need a small stepper motor soldered with a diode bridge so that it produces a constant voltage, a shampoo bottle, a plastic water pipe approximately 50 cm long, a plug for it and a lid from a plastic bucket.

A sleeve is made on a machine and fixed in the connector from the wings of the disassembled fan. The generator will be attached to this bushing. After fastening, you need to start making the body. Cut off the bottom of a shampoo bottle using a machine or manually. During cutting, it is also necessary to leave a hole at 10 in order to insert an axis machined from an aluminum rod into it. Attach it to the bottle with a bolt and nut. After all the wires have been soldered, another hole is made in the body of the bottle to output these same wires. We stretch them out and secure them in a bottle on top of the generator. They must match in shape and the body of the bottle must reliably hide all its parts.

Shank for our device

So that in the future it will catch wind flows from different directions, assemble the shank using a pre-prepared tube. The tail section will be attached using a screw-on shampoo cap. They also make a hole in it and, having first put a plug on one end of the tube, pull it through and attach it to the main body of the bottle. On the other hand, the tube is sawed through with a hacksaw and the wing of the shank is cut out with scissors from the lid of the plastic bucket; it should have a round shape. All you need to do is simply cut off the edges of the bucket that attach it to the main container.

We attach it to the back panel of the stand USB output and put all the received parts into one. You can attach the radio or recharge your phone through this built-in USB port. Of course, it does not have the strong power of a household fan, but it can still provide illumination from one light bulb.

DIY wind generator from a stepper motor

A stepper motor device produces about 3 W even at low rotation speed. The voltage can rise above 12 V, and this allows you to charge a small battery. You can use a stepper motor from the printer as a generator. In this mode, the stepper motor produces AC, and it can be easily converted to constant using several diode bridges and capacitors. You can assemble the circuit yourself. The stabilizer is installed behind the bridges, as a result we get a constant output voltage. To monitor visual tension, you can install an LED. In order to reduce the loss of 220 V, Schottky diodes are used to rectify it.

The blades will be made of PVC pipe. The blank is drawn on the pipe and then cut out cutting disc. The screw span should be about 50 cm, and the width should be 10 cm. It is necessary to machine a sleeve with a flange to the size of the motor shaft. It fits onto the motor shaft and is secured with screws; plastic “screws” will be attached directly to the flanges. Also carry out balancing - pieces of plastic are cut off from the ends of the wings, and the angle of inclination is changed by heating and bending. A piece of pipe is inserted into the device itself, to which it is also bolted. As for the electrical board, it is better to place it at the bottom and connect power to it. There are up to 6 wires coming out of the stepper motor, which correspond to two coils. They will require slip rings to transfer electricity from the moving part. Having connected all the parts together, we proceed to testing the design, which will begin to rotate at 1 m/s.

Windmill made from motor-wheel and magnets

Not everyone knows that a wind generator from a motor-wheel can be assembled with your own hands in a short time; the main thing is to stock up on the necessary materials in advance. The Savonius rotor is best suited for it; you can purchase it ready-made or do it yourself. It consists of two semi-cylindrical blades and an overlap, from which the axes of rotation of the rotor are obtained. Choose the material for their product yourself: wood, fiberglass or PVC pipe, which is the simplest and the best option. We make a place for connecting the parts, where you need to make holes for fastening in accordance with the number of blades. Requires steel swivel mechanism so that the device can withstand any weather.

Made from ferrite magnets

A wind generator using magnets will be difficult for inexperienced craftsmen to master, but you can still try. So, there should be four poles, each containing two ferrite magnets. They will be covered with metal linings slightly less than a millimeter thick to distribute a more uniform flow. There should be 6 main coils, rewound with a thick wire and should be located through each magnet, occupying a space corresponding to the length of the field. The winding circuits can be fastened to a hub from a grinder, in the middle of which a pre-machined bolt is installed.

The flow of energy supply is regulated by the height of the stator mounting above the rotor; the higher it is, the less sticking, and accordingly the power decreases. For a windmill, you need to weld a support-stand, and attach 4 large blades to the stator disk, which you can cut from an old metal barrel or a lid from a plastic bucket. At average rotation speed it produces up to about 20 watts.

Windmill design using neodymium magnets

If you want to learn about the creation, you need to make the base of a car hub with brake discs; this choice is quite justified, because it is powerful, reliable and well balanced. After you have cleaned the hub of paint and dirt, proceed to arranging the neodymium magnets. You will need 20 of them on a disk, the size should be 25x8 millimeters.

Magnets need to be placed, taking into account the alternation of poles; before gluing it is better to create paper template or draw lines dividing the disk into sectors so as not to confuse the poles. It is very important that they, standing opposite each other, have different poles, that is, they attract. Glue them with super glue. Raise the borders along the edges of the disks, and wrap tape or seal with plasticine in the center to prevent spreading. In order for the product to work at maximum efficiency, the stator coils must be calculated correctly. An increase in the number of poles leads to an increase in the frequency of the current in the coils, due to this, the device produces more power even at a low rotation frequency. The coils are wound with thicker wires in order to reduce the resistance in them.

When the main part is ready, the blades are made as in the previous case and secured to the mast, which can be made from an ordinary plastic pipe with a diameter of 160 mm. After all, our generator, operating on the principle of magnetic levitation, with a diameter of one and a half meters and six wings, at 8 m/s, is capable of providing up to 300 W.

The price of disappointment or an expensive weather vane

Today there are many options for making a device for converting wind energy, each method is effective in its own way. If you are familiar with the method of manufacturing energy-generating equipment, then it will not matter on what basis it is made, the main thing is that it meets the intended circuit and produces good power at the output.

Read in the article

Source of electricity

Tariffs for electricity services increase at least once a year, often several times. This hits the pockets of citizens whose wages are not growing as rapidly. Home craftsmen used to resort to a simple, but rather unsafe and illegal way to save on electricity. They were attached to the surface of the flow meter neodymium magnet, after which he suspended the operation of the counter.

If this scheme initially worked smoothly, then later problems arose with it. This was explained by several reasons:

Inspectors began to visit homes more often and conduct unscheduled inspections.
Special stickers began to be glued to the meters, under the influence of which the magnetic fields began to darken. Accordingly, identifying such an intruder was not a problem.
New meters began to be produced that were not sensitive to the magnetic field. Instead of standard models, electronic units appeared.

All this pushed people to search for alternative sources of electricity, for example, wind generators. If a person lives in areas where winds regularly blow, such devices become a “lifesaver” for him. The device uses wind power to generate energy.

The body is equipped with blades that drive the rotors. The electricity obtained in this way is transformed into direct current. In the future, it passes to consumers or accumulates in the battery.

A homemade wind generator can act as the main or additional source energy. As an auxiliary device, it can heat water in a boiler or power household lamps, while all other electronics operate from the main network. It is also possible to operate such generators as the main source where houses are not connected to electricity. Here the devices are powered:

lamps and chandeliers;
heating equipment;
consumer electronics.

A wind power plant is capable of powering low-voltage and classical appliances. The first ones operate on a voltage of 12-24 Volts, and the wind generator is capable of providing power at 220 Volts. It is manufactured according to a circuit using inverter converters. Electricity is stored in its battery. There are modifications for 12-36 Volts. They have a simpler design. They use standard battery charge controllers. To ensure home heating, it is enough to make wind generators with your own hands at 220 V. 4 kW is the power that their engine will provide.

Which wind generator to choose for a private home

A wind generator (wind turbine) is a device that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy and then converts it into electricity. The production of wind generators in Russia has grown significantly in recent years along with consumer interest. Today, the market offers imported and Russian wind generators with a capacity of 0.1 to 70 kW. You can buy wind generators for your home from the companies listed below, whose products are most popular among consumers:

Vetro Svet LLC (St. Petersburg), wind turbine power 0.25–1.5 kW;
SKB Iskra LLC (Moscow), power 0.5 kW;
LLC "GRC-Vertical" (Chelyabinsk region, Miass), power 1.5–30 kW;
Sapsan-Energia LLC (Moscow region), power 0.5–5 kW;
CJSC "Wind Energy Company" (St. Petersburg), power 5 and 30 kW;
LMV "Wind Energy" (Khabarovsk), power 0.1–10 kW.

There are domestic and industrial wind generators:

Household wind generators are wind turbines of small power, sufficient to provide energy to a private home. For their operation, a constant wind speed of 4 m/sec is required, and recent equipment developments make it possible to generate electricity in weak winds.
Industrial wind generators have a power of several mW. Such installations operate in the far north in areas with constant strong winds.

Necessary conditions for operating the helicopter generator:

average annual wind speed of at least 4 m/sec;
free space for installing a wind turbine (preferably on a hill);
there is no need to formally coordinate the installation with the local administration - you just need to notify it;
consent of neighbors to the installation - the noise created by the windmill can cause discontent among people living nearby;
In addition to the installation itself, you will need a lot of additional equipment: batteries, inventory installation, control system, mast.

How to make a windmill with your own hands

Vertical wind generators are the most efficient and simple to manufacture and operate, which makes them quite common, whether it is a spiral or a direct mechanism.

Of great importance is both the purpose of creating a wind generator and the area on which it will be installed, which should be taken into account when planning.

There are main points that require mandatory attention when creating a wind generator. The first thing that should be determined is, of course, the engine of all progress, the heart of the entire system - a generator, which you can either purchase or make yourself, which, in essence, requires certain dexterity and skills, however, with the right desire, a beginner can do it . Depending on the goal, you want a serious device with 10 kW, 5 kW (5kW) or a less powerful one with 12V, or a smaller and simpler bicycle-type wind turbine, used as an electrical installation on the balcony of an apartment.

The wind turbine can be equipped with almost any generator:

Be it the well-known rural tractor generator;
Part from an old computer or computer;
Or maybe it’s a low-noise car engine;
The engine element of the washing machine, only its performance matters.

Next, we decide on the blades - those very rotating objects that resemble the blades of a mill. Blades can also be made from a large number of materials, the most promising and widespread of which are, for example, plywood, plastic, sometimes tin (barrel edges, for example), PVC material, and so on. During manufacturing, all significant factors should be taken into account - both the influence of centrifugal force and the size of the blades, wind flow on the ground and others. It is most rational to create a winged design, due to increased efficiency, by influencing the distribution of wind flow.

The next step is the manufacture of a device for determining wind speed and direction - a weather vane. It is something like a metal flag that changes its position in accordance with the wind currents. Almost any relatively strong but light layer of metal can serve as a weather vane.

Mast - a wide range of improvised means can also be used in its role, for example, a durable water pipe. It is quite possible to make a homemade wind machine (homemade) yourself, as has already been described, from the maximum available means, and the strength of the windmill depends on the materials used and the thoughtfulness of its use in specific conditions. The simplest representative of such devices is quite capable of creating electricity to illuminate a room, charge devices, and, if desired, even to provide the basic needs of a relatively small country house.

Powerful models

Independent production of powerful models of wind generators requires a lot of effort and theoretical preparation. First of all, it requires the creation of a powerful generator that requires calculations, correct assembly, use quality materials. In addition, it is necessary to make a rotor that operates in weak winds, but is capable of creating sufficient force for the generator. You will also need appropriate electrical current processing devices, a frame, a mast and other structural and electronic elements.

Wind generator with a capacity of more than 1 kilowatt

Windmills of similar power are commercially available. Purchasing an installation allows you to obtain a finished device with pre-known parameters, made of appropriate materials. Prices for such equipment start from 30,000 rubles, which is not affordable for every user.

In addition, related electronics, batteries and other equipment will be required, which will approximately double the costs. The high cost of installations is the main reason for the proliferation of do-it-yourself wind turbine models.

Do-it-yourself vertical windmill (5 kW)

There are several options for manufacturing a device of this power:

rotor design
chain of sail impellers installed in series
use of an axial generator on neodymium magnets

Choice of the most convenient option depends on the level of preparation and technical base user. Vertical structures are recommended that are independent of wind direction and do not require installation on high masts.

Multi-bladed carousel designs based on the Savonius rotor most successfully meet the requirements. There are also industrial installations of this class, the purchase of which will speed up the resolution of the issue and will allow you to obtain a professionally manufactured complex with guaranteed parameters.

Verticals

Wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation are most suitable for self-made group of devices. They have a simple, understandable design. They do not require a large number of rotation units and are undemanding regarding wind direction. The capabilities of this group have given rise to a large number of design options, some of which should be considered in more detail.

Sun

The Savonius wind generator is one of the oldest developments, which saw the light of day in the 20s of the last century. The device consists of two blades sufficiently large area, curved in the longitudinal direction. IN cross section they resemble the Latin letter S. At the same time, they are slightly shifted towards each other, somewhat overlapping the working sides.

When exposed to wind flow, one of the blades receives force on the working part, and the second - on reverse side. The shape of the blade helps to cut the flow, part of which goes to the side, and the other part slides onto work surface the second blade, increasing the torque.

Expert opinion
Energo.House expert Fomin O. A.
Mining engineer, builder.

Based on the Savonius design, many models of wind turbines have been developed with an increased number of blades, greater efficiency and sensitivity to weak winds.

Daria

Darrieus's design was proposed almost simultaneously with the Savonius rotor. Its basis is blades shaped like an airplane wing and located vertically tangential to the circle of rotation. An odd number of blades is required, otherwise the counterbalance force will be excessively high. The lifting force of the blades contributes to a high rotation speed, which is 3-4 times higher than that of a Savonius rotor.

There is still no mathematical description of the operation of the device, but developments made on the basis of the design exist and are constantly being updated. There are a large number of models of private wind generators with enough power to power a small home.

Orthogonal

Orthogonal designs are the most efficient of all the basic models of vertical wind turbines. They have high speeds, sensitivity, and performance. The design consists of several blades (usually three or more), located at some distance from the axis parallel to it. The Darrieus rotor discussed above is one of the representatives of orthogonal devices. The disadvantages include high loads on the rotation unit, contributing to the rapid failure of moving parts.

Helicoid

Helicoid designs are based on the basic orthogonal type model, but with significant changes to the geometry of the blades. They are curved along the circle of rotation, obtaining a shape close to a spiral. As a result, significant stabilization of rotation is achieved, wear of moving elements is reduced, and the structure as a whole acquires durability, strength and reliability.

Smoother rotation mode provides uniform generation of electric current, which allows the devices to be used to directly power some consumers (lighting devices, pumps, etc.). For self-production, the design is quite a difficult task due to the complex geometric shape of the blades.

Barrel raking

This is the “popular” name for a multi-blade rotary (vertical) wind generator. The device has good balance, effectively captures the wind flow, and low noise level. For those who want to try their hand at making a windmill with their own hands, this design option is recommended as one of the basic types of design. The blades are made from galvanized steel sheets, cut along the barrels or other available material.

Frame - welded from metal profile- corner, pipe, etc. The peculiarity of the device is its invulnerability to strong gusts of wind - when the flow increases, a vortex cocoon is formed around the impeller, preventing the wind from penetrating inside the impeller. The flow simply flows around the device like a pipe.

Wind generator Lenz

A special feature of Lenz's design is the use of strong neodymium magnets instead of bearings. They hold the rotation unit in a “suspended” state, which ensures ease of rotation. The absence of friction contributes to the high durability of the equipment. The indicators are very impressive - rotation starts at a wind speed of 0.17 m/s, and the windmill reaches its nominal performance already at 3.4 m/s.

Final assembly

Wind generator device

Advice. To prevent the blade from breaking in strong winds, install a simple device - a protective weather vane.

How to make a wind generator from a car generator

The simplest option is to use a car generator as a windmill generator. Generators are inexpensive, can be easily repaired, are available on the market large selection. The cost is approximately $20 per 1 kW. They produce a stable voltage from a certain speed and are connected to 12 volt batteries.

Flaws:

require high speeds - from 1.5-2.0 thousand and above per minute;
inferior in reliability to factory generators for wind turbines;
They have a relatively short service life (up to 4000 hours of operation), which is compensated by their low cost.

To assemble a wind generator with your own hands from a 1.5 kW car generator you will need:

12 V car generator;
battery corresponding to the voltage;
converter from 12 to 220V, power 1.3 kW;
a small barrel (bucket) made of aluminum or steel;
charging relay and car warning lamp;
moisture-protected switch, 12V;
voltage monitoring device (old voltmeter);
copper wire with a cross-section of 2 mm;
fasteners (bolts, washers, nuts, clamps).

From hand tools you will need: metal scissors, grinder, measuring tape, pencil, screwdrivers, wrenches set includes pliers, electric drill with drills.

Several fundamental points in the manufacture of a wind generator:

Maximum efficiency can be achieved by converting a car generator to use permanent magnets. To do this, the field winding must be replaced with several ferrite magnets.
By milling a non-magnetic rotor from titanium or another non-magnetic material, magnetization of the rotor can be avoided.
To increase current generation at low speeds, you need to rewind the stator, increasing the number of turns by 5 times and reducing the diameter of the wire.
Installing neodymium magnets on the rotor will increase the generator power at low speeds. An even number of magnets are attached to a steel band, which must be attached to the base of the inside of the generator. When installing magnets, you need to alternate polarity to increase power.
A duralumin pipe is suitable for the manufacture of blades; the fasteners are made of steel. The blades must be balanced, and the structure must be lightened as much as possible by removing excess with a grinder and emery.

There are enough materials on the network with a detailed description of the work, so there is no need to repeat

How to make a wind generator with your own hands

To install this device at home you will need:

Thorough knowledge of an electrician;
Power supply. This may be an alternator or an asynchronous motor.
A safe place to install the device. Since the weight of individual household units can reach from 200 to 800 kg.
Niodymium magnets. This class of magnets has greater performance;

Various types of shapes. In our case, rectangular or round are more suitable

Wires of suitable cross-section;
Materials for mounting the frame and the windmill itself.

As described above, there are many design options. The noise background created by the unit depends on the dimensions and method of connecting the nodes. If you don’t want trouble with your neighbors, discuss this issue in advance, since individual units operate quite noisily, for example, like the self-assembled wind generator in the next video.

After all the preliminary steps have been taken, you will need to select a power source that suits your needs. If financial resources are limited, two budget options are possible:

Car generator;
Asynchronous motor from a washing machine.

Each option has its positive and negative sides.

Related article:

220V voltage stabilizer for home: which one to choose. In the article we will look in detail at what this equipment is needed for, types, connection diagrams, average prices and technical specifications how to do it yourself.

DIY version of a wind generator from a washing machine

To increase power, the engine is upgraded by replacing ferrite magnets with neodymium ones. It should be noted that installing magnets is a rather labor-intensive process that requires certain skills.

An example of the location of neodymium magnets in a washing machine motor

In order to save time and nerves, a simpler option is to purchase a ready-made rotor of a suitable size. It is rational to use such a motor in a device with small dimensions.

Making a wind generator with your own hands from a car generator

This option also needs improvement, since the standard model operates at 5000 - 6000 rpm. The modernization includes:

The device is equipped with neodymium magnets. They are installed in a strict order, that is, the poles alternate. For convenience, a template is cut out of thick cardboard;

Magnet Pattern

The stator winding is rewound. The number of turns increases, therefore, the cross-section of the wire decreases.
There are no magnets as standard, so the central shaft must be made of a non-magnetic material, such as titanium.

But even if all the requirements are met, for optimal voltage, the rotor must rotate at least 500 times per minute.

General negative characteristics:

Both options are short-lived and require annual repairs or replacement;
The generated power is not enough for a complete energy supply;
Needs significant improvement.

If you already have the necessary knowledge and roughly know how to make a 220V wind generator with your own hands, it will be more rational to mount a unit of higher power.

When assembling a horizontal or vertical wind generator with your own hands, ensure the rigidity of the entire structure, from the blades to the control braces. Unreliable structural components can lead to an accident.

One of many accidents

Video: DIY wind generator 24V 2500W

How to calculate and select a wind generator

Wind is not natural gas pumped through pipes or electricity that uninterruptedly flows through wires into our home. He is capricious and fickle. Today a hurricane tears off roofs and breaks trees, and tomorrow it gives way to complete calm.

Therefore, before purchasing or making your own windmill, you need to assess the potential of air energy in your area. To do this, the average annual wind force must be determined. This value can be found on the Internet by request.

Having received such a table, we find the area of our residence and look at the intensity of its color, comparing it with the rating scale. If the average annual wind speed is less than 4.0 meters per second, then there is no point in installing a wind turbine. It will not provide the required amount of energy.

If the wind strength is sufficient to install a wind power plant, then you can proceed to the next step: selecting the generator power.

If we are talking about autonomous energy supply at home, then the average statistical electricity consumption of 1 family is taken into account. It ranges from 100 to 300 kWh per month. In regions with low annual wind potential (5-8 m/sec), a wind turbine with a power of 2-3 kW can generate this amount of electricity.

It should be taken into account that the average wind speed is higher, so energy production during this period will be greater than in summer.

Making a generator for a windmill

In order to assemble a wind power plant, we need a generator, and one with self-excitation. In other words, its design must contain magnets that induce electricity in the windings. This is exactly how some electric motors are designed, for example, in screwdrivers. But you won’t be able to make a decent wind generator from a screwdriver - the power will be simply ridiculous, and will only be enough to operate a small LED lamp at most.

It’s also not possible to make a wind power plant from a self-generator - it uses an excitation winding powered by a battery, so it’s not suitable for us. From a household fan, we can only make a scarecrow for birds attacking the garden. Therefore, you need to look for a normal self-exciting generator of suitable power. Better yet, splurge and buy a store-bought model.

It is really more profitable to buy a generator than to make it - the efficiency of a factory-made model will be higher than that of a home-made one.

Let's see how to make a generator for our windmill with our own hands.

Its maximum power is 3-3.5 kW. For this we need:

Stator - it is made of two pieces of sheet metal, cut into circles with a diameter of 500 mm. 12 neodymium magnets with a diameter of 50 mm are glued to each circle along the edge (slightly retreating from the edge). Their poles must alternate. We prepare the second circle in a similar way, but only the poles here should be shifted;
Rotor - it is a structure of 9 coils wound with copper wire with a diameter of 3 mm in varnish insulation. We make 70 turns in each coil, although some sources recommend making 90 turns. To place the coils, it is necessary to make a base of non-magnetic material;
Axle - it must be made exactly in the center of the rotor. Moreover, there should be no beats; the structure must be carefully centered, otherwise it will quickly be broken by the wind.

We place the stators and the rotor - the rotor itself rotates between the stators. A distance of 2 mm is maintained between these elements. We connect all the windings according to the diagram below so that we get a single-phase alternating current source.

DIY wind generator from a stepper motor

A stepper motor device produces about 3 W even at low rotation speed. The voltage can rise above 12 V, and this allows you to charge a small battery. You can use a stepper motor from the printer as a generator. In generator mode, the stepper motor produces alternating current, and it can be easily converted to direct current using several diode bridges and capacitors. You can easily assemble the circuit with your own hands. The stabilizer is installed behind the bridges, resulting in a constant output voltage. To monitor visual tension, you can install an LED. In order to reduce the loss of 220V, Schottky diodes are used to rectify it.

The blades will be made of PVC pipe. The blank is drawn on the pipe and then cut out with a cutting disc. The propeller span should be about 50 cm, and the width of the blades should be 10 cm. You need to machine a sleeve with a flange to the size of the motor shaft. It fits onto the motor shaft and is secured with screws; plastic “screws” will be attached directly to the flanges. It is also necessary to carry out balancing - pieces of plastic are cut off from the ends of the blades, and the angle of inclination is changed by heating and bending. The generator itself is inserted into a piece of pipe, to which it is also bolted. As for the electrical board, it is better to place it at the bottom, and connect power from the generator to it. There are up to 6 wires coming out of the stepper motor, which correspond to two coils. They require slip rings to transfer electricity from the moving part. Having connected all the parts together, we proceed to testing the design, which will begin to rotate at 1 m/s.

Wind-electric installation of rotor type

Let's figure out how to make a simple windmill with a vertical axis of rotation of the rotor type with your own hands.

This model may well meet the electricity needs garden house, various outbuildings, and also illuminated in the dark local area and garden paths.

The blades of this rotor-type installation with a vertical axis of rotation are clearly made from elements cut from a metal barrel

Our goal is to produce a wind turbine with a maximum power of 1.5 kW. To do this we will need the following elements and materials:

12 V car generator;
12 V gel or acid battery;
semi-hermetic switch of the “button” variety for 12 V;
converter 700 W – 1500 W and 12V – 220V;
a bucket, large saucepan or other large container made of stainless steel or made of aluminum;
car charge or battery charging warning lamp relay;
car voltmeter (you can use any one);
bolts with nuts and washers;
wires with a cross section of 4 square mm and 2.5 square mm;
two clamps for securing the generator to the mast.

In the process of completing the work, we will need a grinder or metal scissors, a construction pencil or marker, a tape measure, wire cutters, a drill, a drill, keys and a screwdriver.

Starting stage of installation manufacturing

We start making a homemade windmill by taking a large metal container cylindrical. Usually, old boiling water, a bucket or pan is used for this purpose. This will be the basis for our future wind turbines.

Using a tape measure and a construction pencil (marker), apply markings: divide our container into four equal parts.

When making cuts in accordance with the instructions contained in the text, under no circumstances cut through the metal all the way through.

The metal will have to be cut. For this you can use a grinder. It is not used for cutting containers made of galvanized steel or painted sheet metal, because this type of metal will certainly overheat.

For such cases, it is better to use scissors. We cut out the blades, but do not cut them all the way through.

Now, while we continue work on the tank, we will remodel the generator pulley.

In the bottom of the former pan and in the pulley you need to mark and drill holes for the bolts. The work at this stage must be treated with the utmost care: all holes must be located symmetrically so that no imbalance occurs during the rotation of the installation.

This is what the blades of another design with a vertical axis of rotation look like. Each blade is manufactured separately and then mounted into a common device

We bend the blades so that they do not stick out too much. When we perform this part of the work, we be sure to take into account which direction the generator will rotate.

Usually the direction of its rotation is clockwise. The bending angle of the blades affects the area of influence of air flows and the speed of rotation of the propeller.

Now you need to attach a bucket with blades prepared for work to the pulley. We install the generator on the mast, securing it with clamps. All that remains is to connect the wires and assemble the circuit.

Be prepared to write down the wiring diagram, wire colors, and pin markings. You will certainly need it later. We fix the wires on the mast of the device.

This drawing provides detailed guidelines for assembling the overall structure and general view devices are already assembled and ready for use

To connect the battery, you need to use wires with a cross section of 4 mm². It is enough to take a segment of 1 meter in length. That's enough.

And in order to connect a load to the network, which includes, for example, lighting and electrical devices, wires with a cross-section of 2.5 mm² are sufficient. Install the inverter (converter). For this you will also need a 4 mm² wire.

Advantages and disadvantages of the rotary windmill model

If you did everything carefully and consistently, then this wind generator will work successfully. In this case, no problems will arise during its operation.

If you use a 1000 W converter and a 75A battery, this installation will provide electricity to both video surveillance devices and burglar alarm and even street lighting.

The advantages of this model are:

economical;
elements can be easily replaced with new ones or repaired;
no special conditions are required for operation;
reliable in operation;
provides complete acoustic comfort.

There are also disadvantages, but not too many of them: the performance of this device is not very high, and it has a significant dependence on sudden gusts of wind. Air currents can simply disrupt an improvised propeller.

DIY windmill. Fun or real savings

Let’s say right away that making a wind generator with your own hands that is complete and effective is not easy. Proper calculation of the wind wheel, transmission mechanism, selection of a generator suitable for power and speed is a separate topic. We will give only brief recommendations on the main stages of this process.

Generator

Automotive generators and electric motors from washing machines with direct drive are not suitable for this purpose. They are capable of generating energy from the wind wheel, but it will be insignificant. To operate efficiently, self-generators need very high speeds, which a windmill cannot develop.

Motors for washing machines have another problem. There are ferrite magnets there, but the wind generator needs more efficient ones - neodymium ones. The process of self-installation and winding of current-carrying windings requires patience and high precision.

The power of a device assembled by yourself, as a rule, does not exceed 100-200 watts.

Recently, motor-wheels for bicycles and scooters have become popular among DIYers. From a wind energy standpoint, these are powerful neodymium generators, optimally suited for working with vertical wind wheels and charging batteries. From such a generator you can extract up to 1 kW of wind energy.

Motor-wheel - a ready-made generator for a homemade wind power plant

Wind generator source of electricity

Utility rates are raised at least once a year. And if you look closely, in some years the price of the same electricity rises twice – the numbers in payment documents grow like mushrooms after rain. Naturally, all this hits the pocket of the consumer, whose income does not show such sustainable growth. And real incomes, as statistics show, show a downward trend.

Until recently, it was possible to combat rising electricity tariffs in one simple but illegal way - using a neodymium magnet. This product was applied to the flow meter body, causing it to stop. But we strongly do not recommend using this technique - it is unsafe, illegal, and the fine if caught will be such that it will not seem small.

The scheme was simply great, but later it stopped working for the following reasons:

Increasingly frequent control rounds began to identify unscrupulous owners en masse.

Control rounds have become more frequent - representatives of regulatory authorities are visiting houses;
Special stickers began to be stuck on meters - under the influence of a magnetic field they darken, exposing the offender;
The meters have become immune to the magnetic field - electronic metering units are installed here.

That's why people started paying attention alternative sources electricity, for example, wind generators. .
Another way to expose a violator stealing electricity is to conduct an examination of the level of magnetization of the meter, which easily reveals facts of theft.

Another way to expose a violator stealing electricity is to conduct an examination of the level of magnetization of the meter, which easily reveals facts of theft.

Wind turbines for homes are becoming a common sight in areas where wind blows frequently. A wind power generator uses the energy of wind air flows to generate electricity. To do this, they are equipped with blades that drive the generator rotors. The resulting electricity is converted into direct current, after which it is transferred to consumers or stored in batteries.

Wind generators for a private home, both home-made and factory-assembled, can be the main or auxiliary sources of electricity. Here typical example work of an auxiliary source - it heats water in a boiler or powers low-voltage household lamps, while the rest of the household appliances operate from the main electrical network. It is also possible to work as the main source of electricity in homes not connected to electrical networks. Here they feed:

Chandeliers and lamps;
Large household appliances;
Heating appliances and much more.

Accordingly, in order to heat your home, you need to make or purchase a 10 kW wind power plant - this should be enough for all needs.

A wind power plant can power both traditional electrical appliances and low-voltage ones - they operate on 12 or 24 volts. A 220 V wind generator is made according to a scheme using inverter converters with electricity stored in batteries. Wind generators for 12, 24 or 36 V are simpler - they use simpler battery charge controllers with stabilizers.

Pay special attention to choosing the appropriate number of blades. The most popular are wind generators with 2 and 3 blades

However, such installations have a number of disadvantages.

When a generator with 2 or 3 blades operates, powerful centrifugal and gyroscopic forces occur. Under the influence of the mentioned forces, the load on the main elements of the wind generator increases significantly. Moreover, at some moments the forces act in opposition to each other.

To level out the incoming loads and maintain the integrity of the wind generator structure, you need to perform competent aerodynamic calculation of the blades and manufacture them in exact accordance with the calculated data. Even minimal errors reduce the efficiency of the installation several times and increase the likelihood of an early breakdown of the wind generator.

When using data from aerodynamic reference books, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments

When high-speed wind turbines operate, a lot of noise is created, especially when it comes to home-made installations. The larger the blades, the louder the noise will be. This point imposes a number of restrictions. For example, it will no longer be possible to install such a noisy structure on the roof of a house, unless, of course, the owner likes the feeling of living in an airfield.

Keep in mind that as the number of blades increases, the level of vibration generated during operation of the wind generator will increase. Two-blade units are more difficult to balance, especially for an inexperienced user. Consequently, there will be a lot of noise and vibration from windmills with two blades.

Give your choice to a wind generator with 5-6 blades. Practice shows that such models are the most optimal for self-production and use at home.

It is recommended to make the screw with a diameter of about 2 m. Almost anyone can handle the work of assembling and balancing it. Once you gain experience, you can try to assemble and install a wheel with 12 blades. Assembling such a unit will require more effort. Material consumption and time costs will also increase. However, 12 blades will allow you to receive power at the level of 450-500 W even with a light wind of 6-8 m/s.

Keep in mind that with 12 blades the wheel will be quite slow, and this can lead to various problems. For example, you will have to assemble a special gearbox, which is more complex and expensive to manufacture.

Thus, the best option For a novice home craftsman, there is a wind generator with a wheel with a diameter of 200 cm, equipped with 6 blades of medium length.

Rotary installation

Such a DIY wind generator is capable of generating enough electricity to illuminate a small garden house, outbuildings, as well as several lanterns in the yard. Such windmills are made from a car generator or starter, and therefore, in order not to purchase expensive equipment for its manufacture, we will consider a device that will generate up to one and a half kilowatts. To do this you will need the following materials:

12 volt car generator;
gel or acid battery (you also need a 12-volt one);
sealed switch;
voltage converter from 12 to 220 V and 700–1500 watts;
large container made of stainless steel or aluminum for making blades. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 20–25 cm may also be suitable;
battery charging relay with voltmeter;
fastening fittings, i.e. bolts and nuts;
wires having a cross-section of 4 and 2.5 square meters. mm;
two clamps for mounting on the device mast;
a metal pipe of sufficient length to be used as a mast;
and, of course, various instruments: metal scissors, grinders, keys, screwdrivers and drills with a set of drills.

Manufacturing algorithm

An example of cutting out wind generator blades

The first step is to make the fan blades of the future wind generator for a private house with your own hands. An old big one works well for this. aluminum pan, but there are options here. You need to mark it with a pencil, and then cut the container along the marked lines using a grinder or metal scissors, leaving small sections uncut at the top and bottom, i.e. as shown in the picture. The blades should be the same, and their number depends only on the preferences of the master.

The cut blades are bent in the desired direction. It must be remembered that the direction of rotation depends on the direction in which the blades are turned, and the speed at which the propeller will rotate the generator depends on the angle of rotation and size. Cut them out more convenient with an angle grinder, but if the metal is thin, metal scissors will do just fine.

The situation is a little more complicated with plastic pipe. It must be divided lengthwise into four parts, after which “plugs at the top and bottom” must be made for each of the semicircular sections, and then assembled into one screw to make something similar to the first option.

Next, using a drill, mounting holes are made in the generator shaft and the finished propeller, after which the blades are fixed to the rotor shaft with bolts. You can do similar work using a gearbox, increasing the rotation speed of the generator - this is at the discretion of the master himself.

After the work has been done, all that remains is to secure the wind generator using clamps to the mast and stretch the wires along it.

Wind turbine design diagram

Assembly of equipment on the ground

Because The optimal length of a wind power plant mast is 5–13 meters; its base must be filled with concrete for good stability. It also makes sense to think through options for how to lower the wind generator for your home or get to it in the event of a breakdown.

The wires coming from the wind generator itself are connected through a charging relay to the battery. Next in the circuit there is a converter, from which a voltage of 220 volts will already flow into the distribution board.

All equipment must be protected from precipitation and direct access by children. The switch is installed on the mast, at an accessible height, and breaks the positive wire from the wind generator to the charging relay. Thus, if it is unnecessary or the wind is weak, you can relieve the load by allowing the blades to rotate “idle”.

It is very important to turn off the load when the wind is too strong, which can damage both the generator itself and the battery charging relay. . But there is a more powerful option for making a wind generator with your own hands at home.

Of course, it is a little more complicated, but still, if you follow the rules and operating procedures, it is quite possible to make such a device.

But there is a more powerful option for making a wind generator with your own hands at home. Of course, it is a little more complicated, but still, if you follow the rules and operating procedures, it is quite possible to make such a device.

Electrical diagram generator

The principle of operation of a wind turbine

A wind generator or wind power plant (WPP) is a device that is used to convert the kinetic energy of wind flow into mechanical energy. The resulting mechanical energy rotates the rotor and is converted into the electrical form we need.

The wind turbine includes:

blades forming a propeller,
rotating turbine rotor,
the generator axis and the generator itself,
an inverter that converts alternating current into direct current, which is used to charge batteries,
battery.

The essence of wind turbines is simple. As the rotor rotates, three-phase alternating current is generated, which then passes through the controller and charges the DC battery. The inverter then converts the current so that it can be consumed to power lights, radios, TVs, microwaves, and so on.

Detailed device wind generator with a horizontal axis of rotation allows you to clearly imagine which elements contribute to the conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical, and then into electrical

This diagram of the operation of a wind turbine allows you to understand what happens with the electricity produced by the operation of the wind generator: part of it is accumulated, and the other is consumed

In general, the operating principle of a wind generator of any type and design is as follows: during the rotation process, three types of force effects occur on the blades: braking, impulse and lifting. The last two forces overcome the braking force and set the flywheel in motion. On the stationary part of the generator, the rotor forms a magnetic field so that electric current flows through the wires.

Image gallery
Photo from

To make a wind energy generator, an engine from unnecessary household appliances is suitable. The more volts per revolution, the more efficient the system will be.
A bushing is attached to the motor rotor, on which the blades of the device are fixed. It is better to close the frontal node protective casing
The front part with the motor and blades must be balanced with the tail part. The shoulder of the tail made of a pipe or lath should be longer; a shank of any shape is attached to its edge

Engine for a simple windmill

Specifics of connecting the motor to the blades

Balance between tail and front

Wind generator installation rules

Diagram of a homemade wind generator - main components

Making a homemade wind generator at home is relatively easy. Below you can see a simple drawing explaining the location of the individual components. According to this drawing, we need to make or prepare the following components:

Scheme of a homemade windmill.

Blades - they can be made from a variety of materials;
Generator for a wind generator - you can purchase a ready-made one or make it yourself;
Tail section – directs the blades in the direction of the wind, allowing for maximum efficiency;
Multiplier – increases the rotation speed of the generator shaft (rotor);
Mounting mast - all of the above components will be held on it;
Tension cables - hold the entire structure and prevent it from falling from gusts of wind;
The charge controller, batteries and inverter provide conversion, stabilization and accumulation of the received electricity.

We will try to make a simple rotary wind generator with you.

General operating principle

The main working parts of a wind generator are the blades, which are rotated by the wind. Depending on the location of the axis of rotation, wind generators are divided into horizontal and vertical:

Horizontal wind turbines most widespread. Their blades have a design similar to an airplane propeller: to a first approximation, these are plates inclined relative to the plane of rotation, which convert part of the load from wind pressure into rotation. An important feature of a horizontal wind generator is the need to ensure rotation of the blade assembly in accordance with the direction of the wind, since maximum efficiency is ensured when the wind direction is perpendicular to the plane of rotation.
Blades vertical wind generator have a convex-concave shape. Since the streamlining of the convex side is greater than the concave side, such a wind generator always rotates in one direction, regardless of the direction of the wind, which makes the turning mechanism unnecessary, unlike horizontal wind turbines. At the same time, due to the fact that at any moment of time only part of the blades performs useful work, and the rest only counteract rotation, Efficiency vertical wind turbine significantly lower than horizontal: if for a three-blade horizontal wind generator this figure reaches 45%, then for a vertical one it will not exceed 25%.

Since the average wind speed in Russia is low, even a large windmill will rotate quite slowly most of the time. To ensure sufficient power supply, it must be connected to the generator through a step-up gearbox, belt or gear. In a horizontal windmill, the blade-gearbox-generator assembly is mounted on a rotating head, which allows them to follow the direction of the wind

It is important to take into account that the rotating head must have a limiter that prevents it from making a full rotation, since otherwise the wiring from the generator will be broken (the option of using contact washers that allow the head to rotate freely is more complicated). To ensure rotation, the wind generator is supplemented with a working vane directed along the axis of rotation

The most common blade material is large diameter PVC pipe cut lengthwise. Along the edges they are riveted with metal plates welded to the hub of the blade assembly. Drawings of this kind of blades are most widely distributed on the Internet.

The video tells about a wind generator made by yourself

Do-it-yourself wind generators for 220 V

In order to assemble a wind catcher we will need: a 12 volt generator, batteries, a converter from 12 v to 220 v, a voltmeter, copper wires, fasteners (clamps, bolts, nuts).

To ensure that the wind generator turns out to be practical and of high quality, it is better to read the detailed instructions before making it.

The manufacture of any windmill involves the following steps:

Manufacturing of blades. The blades of a vertical wind generator can be made from a barrel. You can cut parts using a grinder. A propeller for a small windmill can be made from a PVC pipe with a cross-section of 160 mm.
Making a mast. The mast must be at least 6 meters high. At the same time, in order to prevent the twisting force from tearing off the mast, it must be secured with 4 guy wires. Each guy rope needs to be wound around a log, which should be buried deep in the ground.
Installation of neodymium magnets. Magnets are glued to the rotor disk. It is better to choose rectangular magnets, in which the magnetic fields are concentrated over the entire surface.
Winding generator coils. Winding is performed with a copper thread with a diameter of at least two mm. At the same time, there should be no more than 1200 skeins.
Fixing the blades to the pipe using nuts.

If you have powerful batteries and an inverter, the resulting device will be able to generate an amount of electricity that will be sufficient to use household appliances (for example, a refrigerator and a TV). Such a generator is perfect for maintaining the operation of lighting, heating and ventilation systems of a small country house or greenhouse.

If you get an inverter with 100 Volts and a 75 Ampere battery, the windmill will be much more powerful and productive: there will be enough electricity for both video surveillance and alarms.

To make a wind generator, you will need structural parts, consumables and tools. The first step is to find suitable constituent elements wind turbines, many of which can be found among old stock:

Generator from a car with a power of about 12 V;
Rechargeable battery 12 V;
Push-button semi-hermetic switch;
Inventor;
A car relay used to charge the battery.

You will also need consumables:

Fasteners (bolts, nuts, insulating tape);
Steel or aluminum container;
Wiring with a cross-section of 4 square meters. mm (two meters) and 2.5 sq. mm (one meter);
Mast, tripod and other elements to enhance stability;
Strong rope.

It is advisable to find, study and print out drawings of wind generators with your own hands. You will also need tools, including an angle grinder, a meter, pliers, a drill, a sharp knife, an electric drill, screwdrivers (Phillips, minus, indicator) and wrenches.

Having prepared everything you need, you can start assembling, following the step-by-step instructions that tell you how to make a wind generator with your own hands:

Cut blades of the same size from a metal container, leaving an untouched strip of metal of several centimeters at the base.
Symmetrically make holes with a drill for the existing bolts in the bottom of the container base and the generator pulley.
Bend the blades.
Secure the blade to the pulley.
Install and secure the generator on the mast with clamps or rope, stepping back about ten centimeters from the top.
Set up the wiring (to connect the battery, a meter-long wire with a cross-section of 4 sq. mm is enough, for loading with lighting and electrical appliances - 2.5 sq. mm).

Do-it-yourself 220 Volt wind generators are an opportunity to provide a dacha or country house free electricity in the shortest possible time. Even a beginner can set up such an installation, and most of the parts for the structure have been lying idle in the garage for a long time.

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Main types of wind generators and their features

There are two types of wind generators:

WITH horizontal arrangement rotor.
With vertical rotor.

The first type is the most common. It is characterized by high efficiency (40-50%), but has an increased level of noise and vibration. In addition, its installation requires a large free space (100 meters) or a high mast (from 6 meters).

Generators with a vertical rotor are less energetically efficient (the efficiency is almost 3 times lower than that of horizontal ones).

Their advantages include simple installation and reliable design. Low noise makes it possible to install vertical generators on the roofs of houses and even at ground level. These installations are not afraid of icing and hurricanes. They are launched from a weak wind (from 1.0-2.0 m/s) while a horizontal windmill needs an air flow of medium strength (3.5 m/s and above). According to the shape of the impeller (rotor) vertical wind generators very diverse.

Rotor wheels of vertical wind turbines

Due to the low rotor speed (up to 200 rpm), the mechanical life of such installations significantly exceeds those of horizontal wind generators.

Manufacturing instructions

A windmill can even be made from plastic bottles. It will spin under the influence of the wind, making noise. There are many possible schemes for arranging such products. The axis of rotation can be placed vertically or horizontally in them. These devices are mainly used to control pests in the garden.

A homemade wind generator is similar in design to a bottle windmill, but its dimensions are larger and it has a more solid design.

If you attach a motor to a windmill to fight moles in the garden, it will be able to provide electricity and power, for example, LED lamps.

Generator assembly

To assemble a wind power plant you will definitely need a generator. It is necessary to install magnets in its body, which will provide electricity to the windings. This type of device has individual species electric motors, for example, which are installed in screwdrivers. But it will not be possible to make a generator from a screwdriver. He won't provide required power. It is only enough to power a small LED lamp.

It’s also unlikely that you can make a wind power plant from a car generator. This is explained by the fact that in this case an excitation winding is used, which is powered by a battery, which is why it is not suitable for these purposes. A self-exciting generator should be selected optimal power or buy a ready-made model. Experts recommend purchasing it in finished form, because this device will provide high efficiency, but no one bothers you to make it yourself. Its maximum power will be at the level of 3.5 kW.

What you need to take:

Stator. It uses 2 metal sheets, cut into circles with a diameter of 500 mm. 12 neodymium magnets with a diameter of 50 mm are glued onto each piece. They are fixed, slightly retreating from the edges of the products, always with alternating poles. The same is done with the second circle, but the poles are shifted.
Rotor. The design includes 9 coils, which are wound with copper wire with a diameter of 3 mm. It is necessary to make 70 turns in all coils. To place them, you should equip a non-magnetic base.
Axis. This is done in the middle of the rotor. The structure must be centered, otherwise it will crumble under the influence of the wind.

Place the rotor and stator at a distance of 2 mm. The windings are combined in such a way that a 1-phase alternating current source is obtained.

Creating blades

In windy weather, 3.5 kW of power can be extracted from the finished device. With an average air flow intensity, this figure is no more than 2 kW. The device is silent when compared with models with an electric motor.

You should think about where to mount the blades. In the example under consideration, a simple modification of a horizontal wind generator with three blades is manufactured. You can try to make a vertical version, but its efficiency will be reduced. On average it will be 0.3. The only advantage of this design is the ability to work in any wind direction. Simple blades are made using the following materials:

Wood. Its disadvantage is the appearance of cracks some time after startup.
Polypropylene. Ideal for low power generators.
Metal. It is considered a durable and reliable material from which blades of any size can be made. Duralumin is best suited in this case.

It’s one thing to make your own wind turbine blades, and quite another to ensure the design is balanced. If all the nuances are not taken into account, a strong wind will easily destroy the mast. As soon as the blades are made, they are installed together with the rotor on the mounting platform where the tail section will be fixed.

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