Engineered plumbing: what is it. Types of engineering plumbing. Types of plumbing for bathrooms and toilets What is included in the concept of plumbing
Reliability factors
Another factor that directly affects the safety of the installation is the quality of installation. Even strict European standards are not able to protect the consumer from problems caused by improper assembly of the system. This means that the myth that a wall-hung toilet will not withstand certain loads will remain a myth only if you use high-quality plumbing fixtures and strictly follow the rules for its installation.
Is there an extra centimeter?
Some manufacturers claim that wall-hung plumbing - good way win a few free centimeters. Such statements, by the way, gave rise to speculation about that. that this equipment is used as the only possible option in small bathrooms and nothing more. However, there are also such consumers. for whom the compactness of the design raises serious doubts, because they will have to fit not only a toilet or sink, but also a frame with a drain barrel. A false wall will also steal a few centimeters.
According to the phantom, a lot depends on the dimensions of the plumbing and the method of its fastening. For example: the length of a regular floor-standing toilet together with the flush barrel is approximately 60-70 cm. Standard length hanging bowl - 50-60 cm.
The frame will require at least 10 cm. You can really save a lot of space if there is already a niche in the wall where you can mount the frame. On the other hand, the statement that the installation steals a lot of space is also not true - too many factors influence its size. Therefore, myths about the dimensions of wall-hung plumbing fixtures in every special case can be either confirmed or refuted.
Is hanging plumbing expensive?
There is an opinion that wall-mounted toilets and sinks are quite expensive. In reality financial side The choice between suspended or floor-mounted equipment is not entirely clear. The thing is. that the market for our usual plumbing fixtures is filled with both expensive and cheap models. There are simply no economical options in the segment of suspended analogues.
The specifics of their installation and operation require too much strict requirements to the materials from which the products are made, as well as to the production technology, which ultimately creates a considerable cost. Therefore, it is reasonable to compare only high-quality plumbing fixtures from trusted brands, and in any of its manifestations it will not be cheap. Another thing is that such stringent requirements are not imposed on floor plumbing, which is why there is also an economy segment. Of course the cheapest floor standing toilet will cost several times less than the cheapest suspended one.
Hanging plumbing - complex installation
Many people are afraid of the complexity of installation. Or maybe it’s a familiar, long-studied floor design. The technology is really not the simplest, but it can be mastered if desired. Naturally, European manufacturers encourage you to use professional help. Returning to the financial issue, it is worth clarifying that this will not be cheap. Professional installation may require an amount equal to the cost of all purchased plumbing fixtures.
Realizing that this approach is alien to the domestic consumer, Russian manufacturers although they remind you of the importance of a professional approach, however, when self-assembly They recommend using instructions and video tutorials from the Internet.
Of course, you need to understand that, without basic skills and knowledge, it is better not to take risks and really trust the installation knowledgeable people. But even here it is worth checking the quality of work. Firstly, after installation there should be no unnecessary parts left, especially fastening elements. All of them must be involved. Secondly, the fastenings must be located in the places specified in the instructions. To avoid problems with operation, with internal parts reservoir, it is necessary to remove all the oil film. Otherwise, the parts may stick to each other.
Where to find components for hanging plumbing
There is also an opinion that the parts necessary for assembling the structure are difficult to find on sale. Here, of course, a lot depends on nearby stores, because it happens that for installation floor plumbing You have to search for details for quite a long time. But once you have found a wall-hung sink or bidet, it means that the same store will also have everything you need to install it. Parts can be purchased as a set or, if the bathroom has any design features, purchase in parts. Of course, it can also happen that, having acquired, it would seem, everything necessary, in fact it turns out that something is missing.
grinding of some adapter or pipe. Some problems may arise with their search. For a myth to remain just a myth, it is better to do everything at once necessary measurements and make a list of the required parts.
Meanwhile, behind the wall...
A cistern hidden behind a false wall is a reason for many to abandon hanging plumbing. The concerns are quite understandable. When the water tank is in sight, any leak can be noticed fairly quickly. In the case of hanging installations There is a belief that you can only find out about a leak from your neighbor downstairs.
This prospect is naturally frightening. Manufacturers give an eloquent example of this: in the process overhaul In a Swiss hotel, suspended plumbing installed 40 years ago was dismantled. Having opened the false walls, the workers discovered perfectly serviceable equipment that could serve for many years to come. The story is compelling, but don't forget about our national characteristics and some subtleties in general.
Firstly, it’s worth repeating, a lot depends on the quality of the plumbing and its installation. Secondly, adjustments must be made for water quality. And a lot depends on him. If there are no problems with this. then the operation of the equipment will be simple and pleasant. And yet, even in this situation, you need to install a filter rough cleaning at the login.
If the water is hard, plaque will most likely appear and even high-quality equipment may become unusable over time. But even in this case, you can keep the situation under control. The flushing system is removed through the drain button, so it can be inspected and, if necessary, repaired.
This is essentially the only thing vulnerable spot in the installation. The remaining parts that remain immured in the wall are made of plastic and therefore are not subject to significant changes.
And yet, if possible, it would be useful to make a small hatch for control, as well as for carrying out the necessary repair work. Another detail that makes the system safe is the backup outlet through which it drains excess water directly into the sewer if the tank is overfilled for any reason. In addition, European manufacturers provide a ten-year guarantee on their products, which cannot but captivate. 
Wall hung plumbing not suitable for your home?
There is a belief that hanging plumbing is more suitable for public places than for a home bathroom. Most likely, this can be explained by the fact that it first appeared in public toilets, and over time gained wide popularity in shopping centers and hotels. The latter is the result of the fact that the installation technology is convenient and simple for mass installation of equipment.
However, this does not make the installation an attribute only of public bathrooms, because it is convenient to use, looks aesthetically pleasing, and fits into almost any style. Wall hung plumbing is especially convenient from a hygienic point of view. Firstly, the tank is hidden behind the wall and does not need to be washed. Secondly, and this. Perhaps most importantly, there is no support, which usually collects difficult-to-remove dirt. It would seem like little things, but very pleasant.
To summarize, we can say that hanging plumbing has a place in our everyday life. But only in its punchy performance. If the question of saving arises, it is better to abandon this idea completely: the technology does not tolerate any falsehood, and high-quality equipment cannot be cheap. It would also be useful to understand why exactly this is needed. non-standard solution. Ease of cleaning is, of course, an important, but far from decisive factor. It’s a completely different matter if the desire to be in trend serves as a weighty argument.
Plumbing equipment includes: sinks, toilets, cisterns, taps, shut-off and dismountable valves (valves and gate valves), siphons and many other devices that are not visible under decorative panels. Next we will look in more detail different types plumbing, from the simplest to the more complex.
Siphons
Siphon is one of the most important sanitary devices. Thanks to this simple device unpleasant odors from the sewer cannot enter the premises. Otherwise, it is also called a water filter or shutter. Siphons can be of two types: double-turn and bottle (example in Fig. 105). Today, the double-turn siphon is considered obsolete. But, nevertheless, he copes with his task. Bottle siphons are more common due to the fact that they are made of plastic, which means that they are convenient, compact, easy to install and quite easy to maintain. Buy a bottle siphon can be complete with all connecting elements, gaskets and seals. The modern bottle siphon is equipped with an additional pipe to which you can connect drain hose washing or dishwasher machine.
Rice. 105. Siphon device:
a – nickel-plated bottle; b – double-turn steel with revision
As we know, all thermoplastics have a large linear expansion coefficient when heated. And since this property in relation to siphons is their advantage, since their connection to the sewer system should not be of a rigid type, which means that additional sealing of the joint is not necessary. The siphon outlet is simply placed in the pipe, and an elastic coupling serves as insulation. Thanks to which installation of a plastic bottle siphon it only takes a few minutes, since there is no need to prepare various solutions for sealing joints, caulking the socket, and the like.
Connection method for a plastic bottle siphon shown in Fig. 106.
Rice. 106. Appearance and connection diagram of a PVC siphon:
1 – siphon body; 2 – outlet; 3 – square; 4 – socket with insulation; 5 – sewer pipe
In addition to plastic siphons, we also produce steel bottle siphons . By appearance siphons made of steel, of course, benefit, but installing a steel siphon is much more difficult.
In principle, nothing is impossible, but due to the problematic adjustment of the metal water seal to the installation site, a lot of time and effort is spent. And to shorten the pipe you have to cut the metal.
In fact, all that matters is the convenience and ease of cleaning a clogged pipe. To clean a clogged pipe, you just need to unscrew the lid (bottom of the glass) and remove the blockage.
Depending on their location relative to the toilet, flush cisterns can be high or low.
Today, you are unlikely to see high-mounted flush cisterns; they are practically no longer used. Several reasons influenced this course of events. Firstly, this type of flush cistern is more difficult to maintain and repair, and it is also not as convenient to use as a low-mounted one. cistern.
Semi-automatic flush cistern of siphoning type, high location, consists of:
— cast iron body;
- covers;
- lever - a lever connected at one end to a flexible siphon, and at the other to a holder.
The principle of operation of such a tank is as follows: when the handle of the holder is lowered, the siphon tilts, the water collected in the siphon passes through it into the flush pipe, which leads to the toilet. It siphons until everything flows out of the tank. After which the siphon returns to its original place, and its tank is filled with water again. To prevent water from flowing through the top of the tank, a special float is placed in it. The float, in turn, is connected to the valve stem using a lever. As the tank is filled with water, the float rises, the rubber stopper is pressed and blocks the access of water to the tank. The float mechanism is attached to the tank body.
The valve is connected to the water supply via a coupling. The tank is filled with water through a filling pipe connected to the house's water supply.
The float valve (example in Fig. 107), which is installed in the flush tank, must meet the following requirements:
– it should open when the tank begins to empty at a pressure in the water supply from 0.03 to 1.1 MPa and shut off the flow of water into the tank as soon as the tank is filled with water to the specified level. In addition, it should not allow water to leak through closed valve, since water will come through the top and no lid will save;
– it must ensure a stable water level in the tank during pressure fluctuations in the water supply of the house, that is, an increase or decrease in pressure in the network by 0.05 MPa and the water level in the tank should not independently change by more than 5 mm.
Rice. 107. Float valve device:
1 – pressure washer; 2 – gasket; 3 – saddle; 4 – membrane; 5 – rod; 6 – float lever; 7 – lever axis
Low-mounted flush cisterns (example in Fig. 108) are made of earthenware (ceramic), cast iron or plastic. The semi-automatic ceramic cistern consists of a main body with a lid, a drain valve, a float valve and a drain fitting. As soon as you press the handle of the flush lever, the flush valve bulb floats up and the water flows out through the vacated opening into the toilet. As soon as the water level in the tank drops, the bulb also drops and is sucked into the fitting hole, thus blocking the access of water to the toilet. At the same time, the float mechanism is activated: the float lowers and the float valve opens through the hole through which water enters and fills the flush tank to the specified level.
Rice. 108. :
a – low-mounted semi-automatic; b – plastic; 1 – body and cover; 2 – release lever handle; 3 – overflow; 4 – drain valve; 5 – gasket; 6 – float valve; 7 – drain fittings; 8 – glass; 9 – grid; 10 – central pipe; 11 – bell; 12 – release button
In a plastic tank, a plastic drain fitting with a piston siphon is installed. The drain fittings of this tank consist of a kind of glass with a grate at the bottom, which is covered with a polyethylene membrane, as well as central pipe with a bell with a float installed on it. When you press the release valve (button), the bell lowers, charging the siphon which activates the tank, that is, drains water into the toilet. In fact, tanks without float valves are considered more reliable in operation, since there are no water leaks and other things.
During normal, without interruption, operation, the flush tank should be filled with water by 85% in just 1.5-2 minutes after the previous drain at a network pressure of 0.1 to 1.2 MPa. At the same time, there should be no reverse suction of water from the flush tank into the water supply network of the house when a vacuum is formed in it, that is, water from the filled tank should not flow out after its operation ceases.
The reservoir must be activated by pressing its release lever once.
Also, the tank with a float valve is equipped with an overflow device, which ensures that water is drained into the toilet with a water flow rate of at least 0.35 l/s when the water level in the tank exceeds the overflow level by 15-20 mm.
The industry produces earthenware, semi-porcelain and porcelain toilets with flushing devices in mass production.
Depending on the design of the bowl, toilet bowls can be plate-type or visor-type. But depending on the type of release, they are divided into straight and oblique (at an angle of 55-60°). Depending on the location of the flush tank, there are models with high-mounted tanks and those installed on the toilet shelf. In the latter case (this best option) connection of the toilet bowl with the flush cistern performed using a rubber cuff.
A possible option is usually due to design solution when the flush cistern is installed separately from the toilet. The toilet shelf (for installing the flush cistern) can be cast together with the main body and can be manufactured as separate part. It is also connected to the toilet body using a rubber cuff.
Plate toilets can be either with a straight or an oblique outlet, but canopy toilets can only be with an oblique outlet. Also, the design of the toilet already includes a water seal, thanks to this seal, to put it mildly, unpleasant odors from the sewer do not enter the room. A plate toilet with direct and oblique outlet (example in Fig. 109) consists of a bowl, a water distribution chute, a water seal (siphon) with an outlet. The flush pipe from the tank is connected to the toilet through the neck.
Rice. 109. Disc toilets:
a – with direct release; b – with oblique release; 1 – release; 2 – bowl; 3 – neck; 4 – water distribution chute; 5 – hydraulic valve; 6 – toilet base flush; 7 – shelf
At the back of the toilet body there is a shelf with two holes in it, thanks to which it is possible to attach a seat. And at the base of the toilet there are four holes for bolts. With their help, the toilet is attached to the floor.
IN recent years The “Compact” model toilet (example in Fig. 110) with a low-lying flush cistern, which is installed on the toilet shelf, is becoming increasingly popular. This model is very easy to install and maintain. And also one more the most important properties model "Compact" is its hygiene, since hygiene in the bathroom and toilet room very necessary.
Rice. 110. Visor toilet "Compact" with oblique outlet at an angle of 60°
The bathroom and toilet are such small spaces, but they are of great importance for the residents. An indispensable component of these rooms is plumbing equipment. Under this complex phrase are hidden objects familiar to everyone, which every person uses several times a day every day.
Plumbing equipment is a special group of mechanisms and means that are in one way or another used by humans for heating, sewerage, ventilation, heat, gas and water supply to a home. In other words, plumbing ensures compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards in the room, and also creates additional conditions for a comfortable stay.
What applies to plumbing equipment?
In fact, this list can be continued for a very long time, because plumbing includes several dozen types of equipment that are directly or indirectly involved in the functioning of different systems in the bathroom and toilet.
Plumbing and its division according to different criteria
First of all, each master divides plumbing equipment according to its purpose. There are items intended for installation in the bathroom, and others for use in the bathroom. There are types of plumbing fixtures that are distinguished by their versatility. For example, expensive faucets can sometimes be found in restaurant toilets. In this case, small washbasins are usually installed. Also, faucets and sinks are an indispensable attribute in the kitchen, or more precisely, in the part of it where food is prepared.
You can also divide plumbing equipment according to other criteria. There are basic plumbing items - bathtubs, toilets, sinks, and there are auxiliary elements, which include hoses, faucets, fittings. The first in this case are completed structures, ready for direct use. The latter only help the former to function normally. Auxiliary elements often sold separately. This was done for the purpose of saving, for example, during repairs, when only a certain part requires repair or replacement, the cost of which is much lower than the complete product.
The best plumbing. Where and by whom is it produced?
This question is quite complicated. If previously almost all high-quality plumbing fixtures were produced exclusively in several European countries (Switzerland, Germany, Austria), today the situation is different. It is difficult to give the palm to any one country, because each brand differs from others in its quality characteristics.
So many good producers from Germany, their products fully reflect the responsible attitude towards the work of all plant employees. The brand is different classic design, which has a subtle hint of sophistication. This is a typically European style that is chosen today by millions of people around the world. The German brand, on the contrary, attaches paramount importance to design. Great creative installations will greatly enhance the space and make it charming. famous for its shower enclosures and enclosures, which are simple and very easy to use. Such plumbing - best solution For modern man who strives to simplify their life and space.
The Swiss brand is very popular, whose engineers themselves set fashion in the world plumbing equipment. On sale you can find everything you need: pipes, toilets, flush systems, hidden tanks. Everything breathes somehow contemporary art, and it is this bright and modern mood that will accompany the buyer all day.
Modern people are accustomed to living in a comfortable environment, and plumbing plays an important role in ensuring this comfort. If it is faulty, a real collapse occurs - a person cannot prepare food or carry out hygiene procedures, therefore, when buying plumbing for the house, you need to choose only high-quality products that will serve for a long time and reliably. Of course, over time, any plumbing equipment becomes unusable and requires repair or replacement, while every year on the market plumbing materials A large number of new products are appearing that are more modern and better than their predecessors.
Assortment of plumbing fixtures
The main types of plumbing equipment include toilets and bathtubs, showers and sinks, faucets and heated towel rails. You can also highlight the category of devices and accessories: installations for the installation of modern suspended structures, bathroom accessories, hatches and a variety of hand dryers.
Detailed information about all types modern plumbing can be read . At the same time, it is important to buy the necessary products only from reliable companies that have documents confirming their originality and quality. In this case, the plumbing fixtures will be used for many years, providing maximum comfort for people.
The most popular manufacturers of plumbing fixtures are Italians, Germans, Japanese, Americans and Austrians, however, among other manufacturers there are also reliable companies that produce inexpensive but high-quality plumbing fixtures.
As for the material, it can be made of metal, sanitary porcelain or earthenware, as well as ceramics. At the same time, the answer to the question of which plumbing fixture to choose depends on the interior of your home and your personal preferences.
Toilets and bathtubs
It is impossible to imagine furnishing any bathroom without a bathtub and toilet, which is why this particular plumbing fixture is the most popular among buyers. Today, an ordinary bathtub is no longer in such demand as before, as people have appreciated the advantages and ease of using shower cabins (for bathrooms large area) or cheap corners/boxes (for small bathrooms). By following the link http://www.gipostroy.ru/catalog/category/santehnika to the website of the online hypermarket "Gipostroy", you can familiarize yourself with the range of products and purchase any shower cabins at an affordable price.
As for toilets, as before, compact toilets are in fashion, but to give the bathroom modern style Many people prefer to install wall-hung toilets.
Plumbing fixtures for the bathroom and toilet are the main components of these premises. At the same time, the installation of plumbing plays a significant role, since the service life and the convenience of people living in an apartment or house largely depend on its quality. Replacing and installing bathroom fixtures with your own hands is not a difficult process.
- 1 Types of plumbing
- 1.2 Sink
- 1.3 Shower cabin
- 1.4 Toilet
- 1.5 Mixers
Types of plumbing
A set of plumbing fixtures that each is equipped with modern apartment, is fairly standard. However, without these elements to a normal person it is difficult to imagine everyday existence.
A modern and relevant list can include:
- Bathrooms and Jacuzzis;
- Toilets and bidets;
- Sinks, washbasins;
- Sinks;
- Faucets;
- Shower cabins.
From this list, only the sink falls out somewhat, since it is more of an attribute of the kitchen. However, special sinks are also installed in bathrooms, and they are used for soaking laundry, washing children or pets, and washing a large number of dishes after guests, which simply do not fit in a more compact sink in the kitchen.
If you are planning to replace the plumbing in your home, then you should choose it with special care. New devices must comply not only with generally accepted norms and standards, but also with your personal requirements and wishes.
Given the wide variety of plumbing fixtures, we’ll talk about each of the components separately, and also talk about their varieties.
- Acrylic. It is characterized by the ability to retain heat well, but requires careful care. In this case, installing plumbing fixtures yourself is allowed, since acrylic bathtubs easy to use. It is not uncommon to find acrylic models with Jacuzzi functions.
- Cast iron. It also retains heat well and is covered with an impressive layer of enamel. More resistant to wear than the acrylic model, but the price is much higher. There is no particular variety in shape, they are mostly oval. Therefore, installation of plumbing in the form cast iron bathtubs often carried out by those who are not particularly committed to achieving exquisite design interior
- Steel. Cheaper than cast iron, more durable than acrylic. Unfortunately, the disadvantage is poor heat retention, which requires treatment with insulation.
- Marble or granite. Made from natural or artificial stone, perfectly maintain the set temperature. Competent replacement plumbers at marble bath relevant for large bathrooms, plus assistance is required due to the large weight of the product.
- Wooden. Bath for true connoisseurs unusual solutions. They are not suitable for active use, since the coating is not particularly durable. Perfectly serve as a bath for relaxing treatments.
- Glass. If you are a connoisseur of beautiful and unusual products, then this bath is for you.
Sink
Often, replacing plumbing involves installing a new sink. Which one to choose among the current variety? This largely depends on the tastes of specific buyers, so let’s look at the types of washbasins currently available. The sink can be:
- Steel. In its manufacture it is used stainless steel, sometimes with a special coating. They can have a variety of shapes and sizes, but are characterized by increased noise during operation;
- Marble. Exclusive, expensive, but very sophisticated solution;
- Ceramic. Perhaps the most popular type of sinks, which are made in different shapes, sizes and configurations. A serious drawback is fragility;
- Glass. A true designer delight. Plus, it requires increased attention when caring;
- Acrylic. Similar to a ceramic sink and slightly superior in terms of reliability and durability. The price, accordingly, is also slightly higher.
Shower cabin
It is not uncommon to replace plumbing fixtures by replacing a standard bathtub with a modern shower stall. They are also different.
- Prefabricated structure. During installation, individual components are used, namely pallets, curtains, walls and even roofs.
- Monoblock design. It is already completely finished product. Such plumbing fixtures can be installed with your own hands without any problems, which is why they are more popular than prefabricated structures.
Toilet
The most common toilets are made from ceramics. This is explained by aesthetic, sanitary, hygienic and other characteristics characteristic of this material.
Depending on the installation method, toilets can be divided into two types:
- Floor-standing;
- Hanging.
Each option has its own advantages and installation features. So, floor-mounted ones are easier to install, but hanging ones take up less space, facilitate the process of cleaning indoors.
It’s not uncommon to install a bidet in addition to a regular toilet. This element is already more modern design. Plus don't forget about latest developments in the world of plumbing, where manufacturers have managed to perfectly combine the functions of a toilet and a bidet in one device. Initially, it was considered a curiosity and many did not dare to buy it. Now the situation has changed dramatically. Similar sanitary ware for the toilet can already be found on the domestic market.
Faucets
Installing in the house new plumbing, you should definitely think about devices that are responsible for providing a flow of cold and hot water. As you understand, we are talking about mixers and taps.
It is not difficult to distinguish a mixer from a water tap. A simple tap only supplies cold water, while the mixer - cold and hot, mixing it to the desired temperature.
For a bathroom, it is best to use a faucet that has one tap, rather than two separate ones. From an operational point of view, such plumbing fixtures are much more practical and convenient.
When choosing a mixer, make sure that it is made from one of the following materials:
- Brass. Provides long term product services;
- Stainless steel alloy. Inexpensive, but much less durable analogue.
As for the water supply scheme itself, mixers can be divided into three categories:
- Two-valve. A separate valve is responsible for the supply and pressure of cold and hot water;
- Single lever. Water is mixed using a special cartridge. The work is carried out using one lever, which is responsible for both temperature and pressure;
- Electronic. A special sensor reacts to hand movement, thereby turning on the water supply. Temperature and pressure are adjustable special elements on the mixer body. From a practicality point of view, they are more suitable for toilets in public establishments than for home use.
As you can see, plumbing can be varied, and each individual component has its own varieties and features.
One way or another, you should choose exclusively reliable, high-quality plumbing fixtures, the performance of which will not cause you doubts. To do this, it is recommended to pay attention to trusted manufacturers, and trust the installation to professionals.
