Drain ladder with dry seal. A dry seal is the best protection against the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer. Which drain is better: with a dry or hydraulic seal?
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Dry seal is the best intrusion protection unpleasant odors from the sewer
One of the most popular devices in drainage systems is the sewer drain ladder. They are intended for receiving and discharging wastewater from horizontal surface floor into the sewer system. These devices were found wide application in residential, public and industrial buildings. The design of the ladder must provide the following functions:
- drain water quickly and efficiently;
- filter wastewater from large contaminants;
- prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room.
Advantages and scope of dry drain
Until recently, only ladders with a hydraulic seal were produced. A water seal is a specially filled water seal that prevents unpleasant odors from the sewage system from entering the room. Such a seal requires periodic updating in the form of a spill of water. The most common problem when operating sewer drains with a hydraulic seal is the drying out of water and the unpleasant odors that the sewer system is rich in easily penetrate into the room, causing inconvenience to people.
Scheme of assembly of ladders with straight and oblique outlets
Let's figure out what can cause the water seal to dry out. There are many reasons, and the most important among them are: the drain is used occasionally (for example, it is placed in a guest bathroom, in a shower room of a hotel complex, or is intended to drain water in case of an emergency leak, and not for regular everyday use), heated floors, elevated temperature indoor air, hot climate, failure of the water seal due to errors in the design of the sewerage system.
Currently, requirements are becoming more stringent; people need comfortable use of devices, eliminating additional labor costs for servicing devices.
The way out of this situation is to use a ladder equipped with a dry seal, and this solution is becoming increasingly popular.
This device does not allow the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the absence of a water seal and does not require frequent maintenance. A dry seal for sewerage can work either independently or in conjunction with a water seal, when each of them complements each other.
Dry shutter device
The most common devices:
- Membrane. Under the pressure of water passing through the drain, the valve opens, and after the water passes, the spring moves the membrane to its original position. Access to unpleasant odors is reliably blocked.
- Float It works due to the fact that the float is always on the surface of the water seal, and when the water evaporates, the float ends up at the very bottom and closes the passage.
- Pendulum. Under the influence of gravity mechanical device constantly strives to take a position blocking the sewer pipe.
- Based on the molecular memory properties of the material. Tubes made of elastic material are used, which always tends to return to its original shape.
Dry and combined drains are made of durable materials (mainly a plastic body and a grate made of of stainless steel) on modern equipment. The lineup these devices expand, you can choose a dry ladder equipped check valve to protect against the entry of wastewater from sewer system in case of flooding, and also select models that can be used in unheated rooms under conditions subzero temperatures, as well as heavy-duty, able to remain sealed under significant impact loads.
Main technical parameters
When choosing any sewer drain, including those with a dry seal, you must pay attention to a number of the following important technical points: direction of the outlet and its diameter, throughput and its height. The outlet of the ladders is either located horizontally (straight and oblique outlets are made) or vertically (pointed down). Next parameter, which must be taken into account is the diameter of the outlet. There are ladders with 50 and 100 mm. In residential construction, drains with a nominal bore of 50 mm are mainly used; they must ensure the removal of wastewater in an amount of at least 0.7 l/s. Drains with a nominal passage of 100 mm are installed in public premises and on industrial facilities, they must ensure the removal of wastewater more than 2.1 l/s. When selecting a sewer drain, great attention should be paid to such a parameter as the height of the drain (in modern models height ranges from 7 to 18 cm). Ladder made from quality materials, has an almost unlimited service life.
Installation of a sewer drain
Installing a dry device is no different from installing a drain with a water seal. It must be remembered that from quality installation, correct connection to the sewer system and the proper selection of the drain depends on its service life, safety of water leakage and aesthetic appearance after finishing. Installation of a drain entails some lifting of the floor in the shower room or other room in which it is necessary to drain waste water from a horizontal floor surface. It is extremely important to create a slope of the floor to direct water towards the drain.
The floor in the room in which the sewer drain is installed must be a system consisting of several layers:
- material that provides thermal and sound insulation (for example, polystyrene foam);
- concrete screed;
- membrane material with waterproofing properties;
- a concrete screed that sets the required slope towards the ladder;
- ceramic floor tiles with a rough surface and a minimum percentage of water absorption, which is laid on a special adhesive solution.
When implementing installation work When connecting to the sewer, you must remember that the drain grate is installed flush with the floor surface and should not protrude above the tiles located in the immediate vicinity. The tiles are laid starting from the ladder. The thickness of the joints between the tiles should not exceed 2 mm; when sealing the joints, water-resistant grout is used. After completion of the work, the ladder is securely concreted into the floor.
Opt for a dry sewer drain and you will be able to forget about the musty smell from the sewer, and you will not need to regularly replenish the water seal with water.
This device will serve you for many years, perform its functions reliably and delight you with ease of maintenance.
Floor drainage systems are very popular because they allow you to use shower cabins without purchasing trays. The water flows directly onto the floor, from there it goes into the sewer. The drainage of water into the sewer pipes is provided by drains for showers, mounted directly in the floor.
Plumbing fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs or showers are connected to the sewer; no other way to remove used water in apartments has yet been invented. The pipe through which the draining water is supplied to the socket of the sewer system, willy-nilly, turns out to be a conductor of unpleasant odors from the bowels of the city sewer into the apartment atmosphere.
To prevent stench from entering the room, various seals are used. The classic solution to this problem is a siphon, the design of which allows you to create a water plug, called a water seal, which restrains the passage of gases from the sewer. But if, when draining water from a kitchen sink, a siphon of any size offered is suitable, then for a shower stall it is not so simple, since the height of the siphon requires a certain amount of free space to accommodate it.
The functions of the ladder are simple and few:
- Collection of drained water;
- Delivery of collected waste liquid through a discharge (drain) pipe to the sewer;
- Filtration of wastewater from polluting components in order to prevent emergency blockages;
- Creating a barrier to the passage of foul-smelling gases from the sewer through the outlet (drain) pipe into the room.
The dimensions of the drains most often range from 70 to 120 cm. Since the outlet pipe must have a slight slope of about 3 degrees relative to the horizontal floor (see figure), to accommodate the drainage system, a margin of free space between the drainage area is required (then there is a shower floor) and concrete base under the floor about 8 - 20 cm.
For concrete floors of high-rise buildings, the option of recessing in the floor is categorically unacceptable, since installing a drain in the shower floor in this way means emergency weakening concrete floor over the head of the neighbor below. In this case, you have to build a small podium or raise the level of the bathroom floor. To raise the floor level it is enough concrete screed 4 cm thick.
If free space is limited, which requires the installation of a siphon, drain ladders are installed to ensure the removal of used water directly from the horizontal surface of the room. Depending on the degree of localization of the drain, the shower drain is located:
- On a small floor area in the form of a drainage channel or gutter;
- Exactly anywhere in the room.
Types of shower drains
Drainage gutters or channels
They have rectangular section, consist of a protective grille and a housing. The most preferred place to place them is at the entrance to the cabin or near the wall. The plumbing market offers:
- straight,
- curvilinear,
- channels angular in shape.
Grille designs incorporate numerous design concepts, such as illuminated shower gutters! Consumers clearly do not want simple rectangular channels to resemble street storm drains.
They work similarly to the channel drainage method, that is, sending wastewater through pipes into the sewer system. And the shapes of point drains are also diverse, that is:
- Square,
- Round,
- Triangular.
But if square and round drains are installed at any point on the floor, then corner options designed to mask the drainage area.
In the corner of the bathroom they are almost invisible, while due to the specific placement of square and round drains, it has become fashionable to install decorative grilles of the most expensive options. For example, the brass grille shown here, made to look like gold, will cost the customer 10 thousand rubles.
Design of drain for shower cabins
In accordance with functional purpose, the ladder includes:
- Drain body made of stainless steel or plastic;
- A seal that serves as a barrier to stench from the sewer;
- A protective grille that allows you to decoratively adapt the shower drain to tiles and other flooring options in the bathroom;
- Pipeline.
It is important! It is necessary to be able to correctly determine the required wastewater flow. If a bathhouse requires a device with a passage of DN 100 mm, then for apartment conditions it is sufficient to install a drain of DN 50 mm.
Which shutter should you choose?
The type of seal used, or more precisely, the method of preventing the passage of odors towards the living room, is fundamental to the development of the design of the models drains. As already mentioned, just a small amount of water is enough, which plays the role of a water plug, and the task assigned to the water seal will be solved.
With constant use of the shower (meaning use at least once every one and a half to two weeks), its level remains unchanged, since it is replenished with each passage of the next batch of drains. 
Immediately about the disadvantages of the “wet water seal”
With occasional, irregular use of the shower stall, and, accordingly, the drainage system, sooner or later complete evaporation of the liquid from the valve will occur. Will begin " gas attack» aggressive gas environment from the sewerage system, resulting in the appearance of unpleasant specific odors. A shower drain with a water seal is not able to withstand such periodic use, so it is not used in baths or utility rooms, which may not be visited for months.
Since the operation of a “wet water seal” is in some cases ineffective due to the drying out of the water plug, logic dictated the need to use, figuratively speaking, a dry water seal that does not depend on the presence of water in the siphon.
What does "dry shutter" mean?
The operation of shower drains with a dry seal is based on the return of the actuating elements to their original working (locking) state after the end of exposure to the flow of drainage. Here are some popular dry seal options:
- Membrane type, the actuator of which is an elastic membrane that opens when exposed to flow to allow liquid to pass into the sewer. When the flow dries up, the membrane will return to its original state, ensuring the tightness of the device;
- Pendulum type, equipped with a pendulum valve with one fixed point. Passing drains deflect the valve from its equilibrium position, and gravity forces return it to its original state.
- Float type, which is a symbiosis of dry and hydraulic valve designs. The float valve (ordinary balls play its role in homemade products) floats in the presence of liquid and does not interfere with the drainage of liquid. When the water evaporates, the float will fall into the nest and close the passage valve. During the next discharge, the structure will be filled with water, and the ladder will begin to work as a water seal.
The use of the dry principle of operation ensures reliable operation of the entire drain system during its irregular operation, which provokes the evaporation of moisture from the hydraulic lock. Reliability and durability of operation will also be enhanced by stainless steel shower drains, which are absolutely indifferent to contact with the chemically aggressive water of our water supply systems.
The drain HL 310 NPr is used in interior spaces for drainage of wastewater from the floor level. The drain is equipped with a 50 mm water seal (“dry” siphon Primus), which does not allow sewer odors into the room when it dries out. The permissible load on the ladder is a maximum of 300 kg. Throughput - 0.5 l/s. Drain temperature - no more than 85°C (short-term drainage of water with a temperature of up to 100°C is possible, but for the drain volume - 100-200 liters). Outlet - vertical DN 50/ 75/ 110. Weight of the ladder HL 310 NPr - 0.7 kg.
The 310NPr drain has: a polypropylene extension with a 123x123 mm subframe, into which a 115x115 mm stainless steel grid, “dry siphon,” is inserted. The body is made of polyethylene with a “plate” for catching waterproofing.
The price of the ladder HL 310 NPr is 2237 rubles.
Installation features of the HL 310NPr drain: The height of the extension element of the drain is adjustable from 12 to 70 mm (it is cut to the height of the screed). You cannot cut the body! Because this will lead to a decrease bandwidth. If it is necessary to increase the height of the ladder, HL extensions (340 N and 85 N) are used. If the drain is installed in a gap in the waterproofing, then the rubber sealing ring is not placed on the extension element. The absence of a ring allows water that gets on the waterproofing to flow freely into the sewer through special channels in the extension element and the drain body. If used as waterproofing sheet material type - bitumen sheet, EPDM or PVC membrane etc., then for a sealed connection of the waterproofing with the drain body it is necessary to use a stainless steel flange HL83.0 (for EPDM/PVC membrane) or HL83.H (for bitumen sheet). Flanges are not included in the delivery set and must be ordered separately.
How does the Primus siphon work?
Siphon while draining water The water seal is drying out Siphon in a “dry” state
1. Siphon body
2. Float
3. Air in the float body
4. Water (water seal)
Components of the HL 310 NPr drain:
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grille HL 037Pr.1E |
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Mounting plug HL 037N.0E |
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To prevent unpleasant odors from the sewer from entering the premises, special structural elements. The simplest of them is a hydraulic or water seal. However, as practice shows, such a system does not always and not work effectively everywhere. Because in Lately Increasingly common drains are equipped with a dry siphon. It has the same properties as a water seal, but does not have its disadvantages. Design features dry drain allows it to filter sewage, separate large elements, thereby preventing blockages and accidents. However, the main function is to prevent foul odors from entering the living space from the sewer system.
- 1 Types
- 2 How to choose
- 3 Installation
Kinds
If you analyze the plumbing equipment market, you can find several types of dry drains:
- Membrane valves. Experts consider them to be the simplest in terms of design, but no less reliable. The main element is a spring-loaded membrane, which opens slightly due to the influence of water flow and removes wastewater. As soon as the water flow stops, the membrane closes and guarantees a tight seal.
- Pendulum gates. A similar drain, equipped with a dry siphon, has a valve with one fixation point. When the drain passes by it, the valve deviates from its axis, after which it returns to its original position due to the influence of gravity.
- Float valves. Some even manage to make them with my own hands. Essentially, a float ladder is a combination of a dry gate and a hydraulic gate design. It is a drain with a vertical outlet and a plastic valve built into it. If we are talking about own production, then use balls of the required size.
Float valves work according to the following principle. If there is a sufficient amount of water in the water seal, the ball floats and does not delay the drainage of wastewater. If there are long breaks in use, the water partially evaporates and the ball drops into a special slot. Due to this, the shutter is sealed. After draining, water re-enters the system, and the structure begins to work again as a water seal.
Dry drains have not yet gained the popularity they deserve due to their higher cost compared to standard solutions. Their work is based on the working elements used, which, due to their design, always tend to return to their original position after being displaced under the influence of waste flow.
How to choose
If you nevertheless decide to purchase a drain equipped with a dry siphon, it is important to pay attention to the conditions under which it will be installed.
- First, determine how much sewer will flow through. Ordinary apartment it is enough that the nominal passage of the ladder is 50 millimeters, and if this public bath or shower, then 100 millimeters.
- Height of the device structure. A ladder with a horizontal outlet can be installed in fairly cramped conditions, since its height is about 7-10 centimeters. The vertical type of shutter is more demanding in this regard, since it requires at least 15 centimeters of free space for installation.
- Before purchasing a device, make sure that all its elements are in good working order. Ideally, you can test the functionality of the product.
- Only by foreseeing everything technical nuances You can pay attention to external aspects. The ladder grating is made of plastic, metal, with various shapes, and so on. The choice depends directly on your wishes and requirements.
Installation
If you have already encountered the installation of a hydraulic valve, then a drain equipped with a dry siphon will not cause problems during installation. This is because there are no fundamental differences.
Important condition proper installation is to provide high-quality waterproofing for the system. To achieve this, use modern materials isolation. Under certain conditions and needs, sound insulation is also carried out, and the issue of insulation is not ignored.
The device should be installed in such a way that the ladder grating is flush with finishing floor. Due to this, you will not encounter discomfort during operation, and you will not hit it while walking around the room.
As practice shows, a drain of the dry principle guarantees trouble-free and reliable operation of the sewerage system. It becomes especially relevant when evaporation from the water seal occurs due to infrequent use or other factors causing water drainage.
Of course, it is not recommended to do the installation yourself without the appropriate experience and knowledge. To save energy and your own nerves, it is better to turn to specialists with the necessary qualifications. They will quickly carry out installation, provide truly reliable and effective work systems. You will be able to fully appreciate the advantages of this type of ladder.
