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Sewage tank for a private house - which type to choose, advantages and installation. Sewage tanks for a summer residence: the best solution to a complex problem Sewer tank in a private house

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Since, due to this, the size of the cesspool is limited, it is permissible to use metal barrels only in summer cottages, where it is not planned to live permanently, and the amount of wastewater will be small. A small sewage tank would be inappropriate in a house where several people live permanently.

The main advantage of metal containers is their high strength, due to which they can withstand severe mechanical loads.

However, they have many more disadvantages, which is why their use is limited:

Advantages of barrels made of polymer materials:

• corrosion resistance, so the containers can last 30-50 years;
• high mechanical strength, which is almost similar to metal products;
• Most types of plastic are resistant to aggressive chemical compounds, which are part of sewage waste;
• The plastic sewer barrel is completely sealed and does not require additional waterproofing.

However, such containers also have significant drawback– despite their large volume, their weight is insignificant. For this reason, the tank may be pushed to the surface under the influence groundwater or frost heaving of the soil. Therefore, the construction of a septic tank requires that the sewer tank be well secured.

How to bury a tank with your own hands

Before burying a sewer container, you need to decide on its location. You also need to know in advance how to properly bury a septic tank so that you don’t have to redo everything later. There are certain sanitary standards regarding the distance to residential buildings, water sources, and site boundaries. It would be a good idea to entrust the choice of location for installing a septic tank to a specialist who will take into account the location of buildings on the site, communications, groundwater level and other nuances.

A plastic barrel for sewerage is installed in a pre-prepared pit; its dimensions must be larger than the tank. Thanks to this, if necessary, it will be possible to insulate the structure and securely fasten the barrel. The depth of the pit should be such that the intake hole and the supply sewer pipe are at the same level.

How to bury a barrel under a sewer, procedure:

1. At the bottom of the pit, a crushed stone or sand cushion more than 20 centimeters thick is created.
2. After this, the base is concreted, and a frame with anchors or hinges is installed for further attachment of the container.
3. After 5-7 days, the concrete foundation becomes strong enough and the barrel can be installed.
4. The container is attached to the foundation using steel strips or a bandage of cables.
5. If necessary, the septic tank is insulated with polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam (read: "").
6. Before backfilling the soil, the container must be filled to a certain level. During this work, it is important to take into account the manufacturer’s recommendations - depending on what polymer material the barrel is made of, the features of backfilling may differ.
7. The barrel is connected to all inlet and outlet communications, ventilation pipe, after which it is finally covered with soil.

Currently, containers made of polymer materials are the most common - this is due to their advantages over metal products. An important role in this is played by their durability and ease of installation.

Sewerage from barrels is created quite simply with your own hands, which makes it possible to save on the services of specialists. If the barrel was securely fastened, and all installation requirements were followed, including the manufacturer’s recommendations, then the container can last for several decades.

Do-it-yourself sewerage in the country- this is the plan for the summer for many summer residents. And if you are one of them and do not have a clear idea of ​​​​the capabilities of an autonomous sewage system, then this article is for you. It will not discuss the rare possibility of connecting to central networks, since it is rare even in elite villages.

Sewerage at the dacha - making a traditional cesspool

The principle of a cesspool: a pit with straight walls is dug on the site. There must be a hole of sufficient size, the walls must be strengthened (forming concrete walls using formwork or plastering over a mesh). Crushed stone is often laid at the bottom of the pit, so the cesspool can be called a single-chamber septic tank.

Device standards. The use of a cesspool for sewage in a private house is regulated by several basic rules, including:

• the need to construct a bottom if the daily volume of wastewater exceeds 1m3. If the water flow does not exceed these values, then the bacteria living in the soil will have time to purify the wastewater. Otherwise, this will not happen, which will lead to groundwater contamination - wells within a radius of 30 meters may become unsuitable for drinking;
• within the city, concreting the bottom is mandatory;

• the bottom of the pit should be lined with crushed stone; to improve wastewater treatment, a layer of sand can be placed on top of the crushed stone layer;
• The calculation of the volume of a sealed cesspool is calculated depending on the volume of water consumed by one person on average per day - 150 liters. If 5 people permanently live in the house, then this is 750 liters per day or 0.75 m3. If you install a 10m3 storage tank, the pumping period will be 13 days;
• We calculate the storage capacity. If the house has a bathtub and water heating devices that run on solid fuel or electricity, then 1 person per day consumes, on average, 150 liters of water, but if the water heaters operate on gas, then 1 person consumes about 180 liters of water. If there are 4 people in a family, then 150 * 4 = 600 l or 180 * 4 = 720 l. The rate of water consumption per day is 0.6 – 0.72 m3. With a storage volume of 8 m3, waste must be pumped out every 10-13 days

Advantages and disadvantages of using a cesspool

Storage tank - an option for a sewage system for a summer residence

This device option similar to the previous one, except that the stacks and the bottom of the container are completely sealed. Wastewater is stored in a container until the sewage disposal truck is called.

Principle of operation: a storage sealed container is installed on the site, into which household waste flows, similar to a cesspool.

Device standards

• the container should be of sufficient volume so that you do not have to frequently call a sewer truck. Purchasing a septic tank that is too large is not economically beneficial. For 5 people, a volume of 8 m3 is quite suitable, the pumping frequency will be about 3 times a month;
• There are no restrictions on the use of this sewerage option in the country.

Advantages and disadvantages of using a sealed storage tank

environmentally friendly, as it does not pollute the soil, because the storage tank for the dacha is sealed; the installation is easy to operate and install; operation for more than 50 years; The groundwater level and soil type are not important. Advantages over cesspool in the country: emptying is possible without pumping - by replacing it with a similar container; There is no sticking of salts on the internal surfaces, which is observed in a conventional cesspool.

high operating costs, since permanent residence at the dacha you will have to call a sewer truck once every two weeks; the need for access to the storage tank. The length of the machine hose is 7 meters, of which 3 need to be lowered into the hole.

Conclusion: the use of storage capacity is more modern solution than building a cesspool. However, its design is not advisable in all cases and given the fact that you agree to pump it out more often than a cesspool.

Dry toilets for summer cottages

If the previous options are not suitable for you for some reason, then perhaps a dry toilet will be the solution to organizing a toilet in your country house with your own hands. Note that in this case there is no full-fledged sewerage system as such. There is only a solution for the toilet.

The principle of operation of a dry toilet: it has a tank for receiving wastewater, in which deodorization and purification of wastewater occurs. As a rule, a dry closet also has a second tank, which is filled with clean water (manually or from the water supply). Water is used for flushing liquid waste into the lower tank. Since they exist different kinds dry closets, it is worth separately describing the operating principle of each:

• electric - the waste tank has two parts that allow you to separate waste into solid and liquid. The latter are discharged into the sewer or drainage, and the solids are dried with a compressor. For the installation to operate, ventilation and connection to the electrical network are required;
• peat toilets are based on the processing of waste with peat. Their lower container is designed for 100 kg of waste, which will eliminate the need for frequent cleaning of the toilet, and the upper container does not store water - instead, peat pours out of the tank when you press the handle, which turns waste into compost. However, their power is limited. If more than 2 people use the toilet, then the peat will not be able to quickly absorb all the liquid waste. A hose must be installed to remove purified water. Installation of ventilation is required;
• The portable dry toilet has a receiving tank with a volume of less than 25 kg. Cleaning or even dissolving waste occurs with liquids, which can be formaldehyde, ammonium, or preparations from living bacteria. The former are very toxic; their use can be justified if there is no possibility of discharging disinfected wastewater into the sewer system. Ammonium liquids completely decompose after 7 days. Preparations made from bacteria are considered environmentally friendly, and some people use recycled waste as fertilizer.

Standards for installing dry toilets in the country

• need for ventilation
• the cost of portable dry toilets is $65; peat $70; electric $940;
• The cleaning frequency of a dry closet with a lower tank volume of 24 kg is up to 2.5 months for a family of 3-5 people. You should not wait until the bottom tank of a stationary dry closet is completely filled if its volume is large. Since cleaning 100 kg of waste is quite labor-intensive;

Advantages and disadvantages of dry toilets

most quick way organization of the toilet; easy to use and install; Possibility of installation in any room; it does not require electricity or a water connection to operate; no odor; service for more than 5 years. does not comprehensively solve the problem of sewerage in the country. At a minimum, other sewage systems must be installed for the shower and kitchen; the need for self-cleaning when filling; operation is impossible at sub-zero temperatures; Some models separate liquid and solid waste in the simplest way: the front compartment is for liquid waste, the rear compartment is for solid waste. Therefore, you can only use it while sitting. the need to use electricity, peat, disinfection liquids, etc.

periodic cleaning; This is not a comprehensive solution to the lack of sewerage.

DIY septic tank in the country

This type of sewage system in the country is the most modern and environmentally friendly.

Note: a septic tank can be called either a simple plastic tank or a container in which wastewater accumulates. The septic tank can be manufactured at a factory or sold using traditional building materials– reinforced concrete rings, brickwork, monolithic casting of reinforced concrete walls, etc.

Operating principle: a septic tank is a container divided into sections (1-3) in which wastewater accumulates, settles and is purified by special bacteria. The result of this process is sludge and clarified wastewater, purified by 50%, which requires further purification, which can be carried out artificially or naturally.

Septic tanks with natural cleaning

Septic tanks with artificial cleaning

Septic tanks with natural cleaning are underground settling tanks, which consist of two chambers - two wells connected at the top or a ready-made plastic container with two compartments. In the first compartment, the sewage settles and the residue falls out. The liquid part of the sewer moves to the second compartment. There, organic compounds are decomposed with the help of bacteria. Clarified wastewater is discharged into filter wells or onto filtration fields - it goes into the ground, where it is subsequently purified. For a family of 5 people, a field of 30 m2 will be enough. If the site has unsuitable soil, for example, sandy loam or loam, then the filtration field must be constructed with an artificial layer of soil from sand and crushed stone. In this case, the filtration field cannot be used when groundwater occurs at a depth of 2.5 meters from the surface. In this case, a filtration field can be built at the dacha with your own hands in an embankment, the height of which is calculated from the occurrence of groundwater. Having passed through the thickness of the filtration field, the purified wastewater is collected in receiving pipes and follows them into distribution wells and then into a ditch. Instead of a filtration field, a filtration well can be used

If using a septic tank with natural wastewater treatment is impractical due to the occurrence of unsuitable soil types or high groundwater levels, then a septic tank with artificial purification. Installing such a sewer system at your dacha with your own hands is also quite simple. And the wastewater is purified after passing through the settling tank using a biofilter and an aeration tank. A biofilter is a container in which aerobic bacteria purify wastewater. An aeration tank is the same biofilter, but it uses a pump to pass oxygen through the liquid and enhance the reaction. Keep in mind that the use of microorganisms requires regular use. If in use standalone installation there will be a break of two weeks, then your microflora private sewer may die and wastewater treatment will become impossible without the introduction of special bacteria.

Standards for using a septic tank for a summer residence

• the septic tank requires cleaning - up to twice a year, for which they call a sewer truck;
• Every 5-10 years, the filtration well or field must be recycled - contaminated drainage layer replaced with new sand and crushed stone. Today there are special powders on sale that, when used regularly, prevent silting of drainage;
• The groundwater level should be less than 2.5 m, there should be no boreholes or wells within a radius of 25 meters, the soil should have sufficient filtering capacity.

Advantages and disadvantages of septic tanks for summer cottages

Conclusion: the options described above will help in 60% of cases and will become an excellent autonomous sewage system in the country.

Now I will give the most thoughtful and economical option, which will cover 40%. This is a well for a septic tank, similar in design to a cesspool and a septic tank with natural cleaning (if the well is installed on sandy soil, then the throughput per 1m2 is 100 liters; If sandy loam soils under the well, then the throughput is 50 l). The filter well can be made of reinforced concrete well or brick; there should be holes in the walls with a total area of ​​10%, and the bottom should be made of gravel, sand and crushed stone. The sinuses of the well pit are filled with the same materials for drainage.

A country property is not considered sufficiently advanced for comfortable living if it is not equipped with a system for draining and recycling used on economic needs water.

By and large, this is a simple container for sewage in a private house, equipped with a whole set of devices for cleaning wastewater.

The ancestor of such structures is a simple cesspool, the construction of which is prohibited on sites, but they can still be found in operation.

Types of sewerage tanks in a private house

The task of processing waste water is not only its accumulation and periodic pumping; cesspools can also cope with this.

The liquid must be cleaned of harmful impurities and pathogenic bacteria, since it is dirty and contaminated water that is the source of serious diseases and even epidemics. Therefore, most residents of private houses strive to build an autonomous septic tank.

The most suitable for this purpose are plastic containers specially produced for septic tanks.

Tanks used as a reservoir for wastewater generated during their use serve to preserve liquid until filling. After this, it is pumped out by a specially equipped sewage disposal machine - a sludge extractor and taken out for processing to a specially equipped place.

Plastic tanks for sewerage in a private house come in various types:

• rectangular shape (Eurocube);
• cylindrical (tank);
• spherical.

Containers made of plastic are always made with ribbed walls, which increases their strength characteristics and does not allow them to deform when filled with liquid.

The main materials for the manufacture of such tanks are polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene. But vessels made of composite materials, which contain glass fiber or carbon reinforcing fibers. But such products are more expensive.

The volumes of tanks for plastic septic tanks are very diverse; the market offers vessels with a capacity of 500 liters to 100 tons in horizontal and vertical versions. This makes it possible to choose the method of installing the tank depending on the availability of free space on the site.

Advantages and disadvantages of plastic containers for sewage

Before purchasing a container for a private home, you need to clearly determine the ultimate purpose of its installation. The number of residents is taken into account. For a family of two or three people, a storage tank is quite sufficient, and for a country private house with five or more people living, the installation of a local treatment system (VS) will be required.

Before purchasing a tank, you should understand the strengths and weaknesses of its use. Positive qualities include:

1. Easy installation - a factory-made vessel can be installed on site in literally a matter of hours.
2. Using plastic containers is much cheaper than other storage options.
3. Simple maintenance, which consists of calling a sewer truck twice a season. With full quality pumping of accumulated wastewater, the cost of the operation ranges from 12 to 18 thousand rubles. depending on the equipment used and method of execution. Vacuum pumping will be more expensive. In addition, the road is paid; in the Moscow region, costs will range from 20 to 50 rubles per kilometer.

In accordance with the rules of SanPiN, pumping out of storage tanks is carried out at least twice a year.

1. Storage tanks can be installed on any type of soil, since their use is not associated with wastewater filtration.
2. The service life of such installations is 20-30 years.

The lightweight plastic tank can be installed even by one person, but this property is also negative point– the vessel may float if the groundwater level is high at the installation site, . Therefore, when installing such a system, it is necessary to use an anchor slab made of solid concrete. The container is attached to it steel cables or stripes on anchor bolts.

The disadvantages include the following points.

1. When using most types of containers, the smell still penetrates into the environment, creating an unpleasant atmosphere.
2. The need for regular cleaning of the waste container.
3. Limited capacity of the vessel, which in any case must be cleaned twice a year.

Plastic products are quite durable, especially if it is fiberglass reinforced option. But the material is fragile and susceptible to impacts, which requires special care during installation.

Selecting a storage tank for sewerage

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To choose the right vessel for a septic tank in a private country house, you need to take into account a number of circumstances:

1. First of all, the depth of soil freezing is taken into account. To prevent the barrel and its contents from freezing in the winter cold, most of it must be located in the ground below this level.
2. Each vessel for collecting waste water is equipped with a neck through which it is serviced. So, it should also be completely hidden in the ground. Only the top cover comes out, otherwise it will also freeze. Having measured the overall dimensions of the container, it is necessary to add about half a meter to them, which will give an idea of ​​​​the size of the pit.
3. The size of the septic tank is determined by its volume, and this also needs to be calculated. The approximate water consumption per person per day is 180-200 liters. Therefore, the total volume of a septic tank for a family of three must be at least 600 liters. If we are talking about a house that is visited periodically, you can use a smaller tank. Its cost and installation costs depend on the size of the container.
4. When installing it on a site, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of a tank truck approaching it. The length of the hose on it has its limitations. It is better if the pumping point is located at a distance of no more than 6 meters from the installation site of the equipment.
5. Unlike a cesspool, a septic tank is sealed, so standards for placement at a certain distance from most objects do not apply to it. But it is better to install it no closer than 10 meters from a residential building.
6. Usage plastic septic tanks will exclude the use of waterproofing, but the place where the pipes are connected to the container must be carefully sealed.

It should be noted that a resident of a private house, as a rule, is not limited to installing a storage tank. Typically, a storage barrel is only the first link in creating your own wastewater treatment system.

Next, a tank is installed for biochemical treatment of wastewater, which greatly accelerates the process of decomposition of harmful components, increasing the throughput of the installation. Cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are sold in abundance in specialized stores, and they are not difficult to purchase.

In addition, as a process of post-oxidation of wastewater. Processed this way drain water are cleared of contaminants by 95-98% and become suitable for use for technical purposes - for watering the garden or washing a car. If necessary, such water can be released directly onto the ground, where it undergoes additional purification.

The VOC system can be pumped out once every 2-5 years depending on the amount of sludge that has accumulated and is inhibiting the filtration rate.

Use of multi-chamber containers in the sewerage system

Local treatment facilities consisting of several chambers can radically purify water in wastewater. Each of them has its own processes that allow not only to maximally purify water from harmful impurities, but also to significantly increase the speed of wastewater processing. This allows the use of smaller containers, which saves on costs during purchase and installation.

Watch the video

The size of sewerage tanks in a private permanent residence must be quite large. As we have already calculated, even three people can organize up to half a ton of waste per day.

Consequently, even with a 5-cube storage tank, it is impossible to do without pumping it out every ten days. And this is already a lot of money; one such operation costs at least 12 thousand rubles.

Therefore, multi-stage wastewater treatment technologies are used so that they can be disposed of directly at the place of residence. This imposes additional responsibility on the user not only towards himself, but also towards the people living nearby.

Improving wastewater treatment methods makes it possible to do without pumping out liquid at all. After passing through the station, it can be drained onto the ground without consequences for final filtering when passing through the ground.

It should be noted that this cleaning method is not used on clay substrate soils, since they are usually waterproof.

How to determine the volume of a septic tank

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In addition, 20% of the volume is subtracted from the size of the first storage tank, taking into account the layer of sludge accumulated at the bottom. The fact is that in this container the main separation into solid and liquid components occurs.

In accordance with the requirements of SNiPs, the volume of water consumption by one person is about 200 liters per day. A septic tank must hold at least three times the supply of liquid. Easily determine your total water consumption country house, it is 2.4 cubic meters for a family of four.

At the same time, according to sanitary standards, the filtration process in wells must take place for at least 14 days, which allows for normal wastewater treatment.

It is easy to see that for a family of four, the estimated volume required will be 11.2 cubic meters. Of course, no one builds such septic tanks for the sewage system of a private house, using methods to increase cleaning productivity.

As you can see, the costs of wastewater treatment can be quite significant, but this is not the case when it makes sense to save on them. There are quite enough substances in wastewater that can be decomposed by the use of bacterial agents.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW! These are heavy fats that sink to the bottom and gradually mix with silt deposits. To remove them, it is advisable to use special filters that work with pumps, thereby increasing energy consumption. But security costs more.

Cost of septic tanks in the Moscow region

The cost of septic tanks has a wide range, which is due to the variety of designs and differences in product configurations. Containers of the same volume can differ significantly in cost. But, if we take average values, we can focus on the following figures:

• capacity 1.7 cubic meters - 10900;
• with a capacity of 3 cubic meters - 21000;
• 5.3 cubic meters – 33400;

The given data corresponds to the price list of the Anion company for plastic products.

Fiberglass products from the Germes-Plast OC company cost 60,300 for a three-cubic capacity, 78,900 for a five-cubic capacity, 124,100 for a six-cubic capacity.

The prices given do not take into account delivery to the installation site and the installation of the system itself.

Installation and installation

The largest part of the costs when installing a septic tank falls on the implementation earthworks, since the container is completely buried in the ground. It is necessary to ensure that at the beginning of the process an anchor concrete slab is installed at the bottom of the pit so that the container does not float to the surface during a flood or significant rise in groundwater.

The distance from the house to the septic tank should be. Slope connecting pipes should be 1-2 millimeters per meter of length. Reliable sealing of the connection points is important to prevent wastewater from leaking into the ground.

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A very important event is a preliminary examination of the soil base. The design of the septic tank largely depends on the quality of the substrate. Thus, in the presence of a clay substrate with practically zero filtering capacity, only infiltrates in the form of filter fields are used to discharge the purified liquid.

If the seasonal height of groundwater rise is more than 2 meters, then only discharge of treated wastewater directly onto the ground is possible. The height of the rise can be determined by the maximum water level in nearby wells and wells.

The quality of soils is determined by drilling an exploration well.

Operational Maintenance

The specificity of sewerage in a private house is that it is active. This means that initiated processes of processing the contents take place in it in order to obtain a certain result - the neutralization of wastewater. This is greatly facilitated by plastic containers for sewage in a country house.

In this regard, the basic rule of service sewer system is the purity of the contents of the wastewater in relation to agents that interfere with the work or simply destroy the environment of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.

• remains of rotting vegetables;
• content construction waste in the form of sand and cement;
• biologically non-degradable substances - packaging residues, films, candy wrappers and other similar items;
• water from water purification plants containing potassium permanganate;
• garbage and water after washing wild mushrooms;
• remnants of bleaching agents (Persol, Whiteness, etc.);
• medications;
• derivatives of fuels and lubricants;

Watch the video

The following can be disposed of through the sewer:

• toilet paper;
• washing machine drain;
• drains from the kitchen, bath or shower.

Septic tank maintenance activities include the mandatory restoration of the bacterial environment by adding pure cultures approximately every two weeks. Repairs and cleaning of silt deposits are carried out as they accumulate.

To make life at the dacha comfortable, it is necessary to carry out basic communications - water supply and sewerage. In suburban areas there is often no centralized sewerage network, so each house owner solves the problem independently. Periodic use of the home does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment; it is enough to install a septic tank.

Often in dachas, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is fully justified, but when installing plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer system in your country house with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping), and we will also demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photos and video instructions.

The sewerage system must be built in accordance with the developed project, which includes external and internal piping diagrams.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient option is to install a collector consisting of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

1. Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country house. You can dig a pit manually or using an excavator.
2. A sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed at the bottom of the pit. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
3. It is necessary to install formwork made of boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
4. It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe cuttings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer main and the overflow pipe between the sections.
5. The formwork is filled with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume using a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at one time.
6. In the first compartment, the bottom is filled with concrete, a sealed section is formed, which will serve as a sump. Here the wastewater will be separated into large solid fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that flows into the adjacent section. To better decompose solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
7. The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter the wastewater.
8. An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an angle of 30 mm on linear meter. The height of the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made, which provides better cleaning.
9. The ceiling of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made ones are used reinforced concrete slabs. Be sure to install a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and the hood. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump tank of such a system will be cleaned every 2–3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil on the site is clayey or the groundwater is located very close to the surface, it will not be possible to install a septic tank of this design. You can settle on a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and secured to a concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment station. Local stations are convenient and efficient; they are indispensable for large suburban buildings. The installation and commissioning of the device is carried out by specialists; the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

Laying the external main

It is necessary to lay a pipeline from the point where the sewer pipe exits the house to the septic tank. The main must lie at a slope that ensures the drainage of contaminated water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes must be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the depth of the trench is small, provide thermal insulation of the line.

The average depth for laying a sewer system is 1 meter; in warm regions it is enough to go down to 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If it is necessary to make a turn, this place will be equipped with an inspection well. For the highway you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be airtight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of wastewater, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. These can be two/three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in volume. In two-chamber septic tanks, the septic tank occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber septic tanks ½. Here, preliminary wastewater treatment takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final wastewater treatment takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. In this way, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps avoid systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in addition to organic matter, wastewater also contains insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a structure will also have to be pumped out periodically to get rid of the sediment accumulating in the sump. This can be done with a fecal/drainage pump. The frequency of septic tank maintenance depends entirely on the size/volume/composition of wastewater.

To independently construct such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The water consumption rate per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of household members, you get daily norm water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m3. In this case, you need a septic tank with a depth and length of 3 m, and a width of 2 m. By multiplying all sides, you get 18 m3. Minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to drain pipe– 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually this sediment becomes denser and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be cleaned immediately. You should resort to cleaning a septic tank quite rarely. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge in 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewer equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological products with special enzymes appeared that convert sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment facility.

Bacteria need to be “fed” with oxygen to make their work more efficient. You can buy containers for a septic tank or make your own.

Before installing the finished septic tank structure, it is necessary to determine a suitable location for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house must be directed directly to the septic tank. It is better to avoid turning the pipeline, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab/screed. The dimensions of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise melt water in the spring the device's equipment will be flooded.

After constructing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done using cables placed in the ribs of the septic tank. In this matter you cannot do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to the communications, having previously dug trenches for the pipes, laid a sand cushion and installed the pipes. They should be laid at a slight slope - 1–2 cm per linear meter. The pipes are laid to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After this, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem you will need a polypropylene cord and a hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, you can insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the panel to a separate machine. It needs to be placed in a special corrugated pipe and place in the same trench as the sewer pipe. There is a septic tank special holes with stamps. The cable is connected to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your region is high enough, then insulate the septic tank. The insulation can be any heat-insulating material that can be used for laying in the ground.

After connecting the electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be filled with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure during the process of filling the soil, you need to pour water into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the level of backfilling of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with the finished plastic autonomous system to clean wastewater, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. Great inexpensive material to implement the plan - concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

• Affordable price.
• Unpretentiousness during operation.
• Possibility of performing work without the help of specialists.

The following disadvantages deserve attention:

1. Presence unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure completely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
2. The need to clean the chambers of solid waste using sewer equipment.

You can reduce the frequency of the need to pump out the septic tank if you use bioactivators. They reduce the amount of solid fractions by accelerating the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is carried out incorrectly, the septic tank will not be airtight, which will increase the risk of untreated wastewater penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be sealed, so this disadvantage of the system is rightly called conditional.

The design of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1–2 chambers designed for settling and purifying wastewater and a filtration field/filter well.

If there are few people living in your house and a minimum of plumbing fixtures are connected to the sewer system, then you can easily get by with a septic tank consisting of one septic tank and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have a lot of household members and many devices are connected to the sewer system, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must accommodate a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that to build a septic tank for 5 people you will need a septic tank of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that to install a septic tank in this particular case you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate septic tank chambers and a filter well. This work, of course, can be done manually, but it takes a long time and is very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earth-moving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the site where the settling chambers are installed must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of untreated wastewater penetrating into the ground. Before the beginning concrete works, part of the bottom of the pit should be drained to install settling tanks by laying a sand cushion on it in a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a solid bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires preparation of the base. Under it you need to make a cushion of sand, crushed stone and gravel at least 50 cm thick.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. Performing these tasks manually is very difficult. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is labor-intensive. And the bottom will have to be filled after installing the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Usually the rings are fastened together with mortar, but for greater structural reliability they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not be damaged due to soil movement.

Now it’s time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to connect pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they need to be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. WITH outside tanks must be treated with coating or weld-on waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders that are installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water entering will be minimized.

Installation of slabs/backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, which have holes for installing sewer hatches. Ideally backfill The excavation should be carried out using soil with a large percentage of sand in its composition. But if this is not possible, the pit can be filled with soil previously removed from it.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The system for treating wastewater from barrels, like a similar structure made of reinforced concrete, can be two- or three-chamber. Sewage will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The operating principle of this device is similar to the design of reinforced concrete rings.

To set up an autonomous sewerage system based on the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. These could be old metal/plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have a number of advantages over their metal counterparts:

1. A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
2. Barrels have high resistance to the aggressive effects of wastewater. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
3. The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at a permanent location.
4. Plastic does not require additional processing, unlike metal.
5. The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fastened when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are attached with cables to concrete base(it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). To avoid crushing plastic barrels, backfilling of soil should be done extremely carefully.

For seasonal use, sewerage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for sewerage installations is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a lid, you can use an appropriately sized piece of wood or one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig a corresponding pit, which also needs to be concreted - the walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not last long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, installing them as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not The best decision, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. And such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For installation reliable system It is better to use factory-made polymer barrels for wastewater treatment.

To make a septic tank from 220 liter barrels, you will need the following materials:

• geotextiles – 80 m2;
• sewer pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
• crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m3;
• corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º – 4 pcs.;
• plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l – 2 pcs.;
• coupling, flange – 2 pcs.;
• wooden peg – 10 pcs.;
• Y-shaped sewer tee – 4 pcs.;
• building level;
• drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m – 2 pcs.;
• epoxy two-component sealant- 1 PC.;
• glue for PVC – 1 pc.;
• plumbing tape – 1 pc.

Tools you will need:

• Shovel.
• Electric jigsaw.
• Rake.

For a dacha/small country house, if used sparingly, standard plastic barrels are suitable. Installing such a cleaning system is not difficult. If you do not pour black waste into the sewer, the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If there is a toilet in the house, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly by calling a sewer service.

For private homes with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewerage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes/tanks/tanks. The process of installing them in the ground is no different from installing barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewerage system to the house:

• there is a need for a large depth of the pipeline;
• On the way to the septic tank you will need to install an inspection well.

A sewerage system made from metal barrels does not require large financial investments or complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed to transfer liquid from one barrel to another and transfer to the filtration fields/drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located lower than the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated using polystyrene foam. After this, the pit and septic tank are filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels do not last long, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying

Scheme

This article discusses in detail sewage containers: plastic wells, storage tanks and structures for other purposes, their features and main varieties, technical parameters, including dimensions. The text contains all the necessary information to familiarize yourself with a brief overview existing assortment on the market, prices for products and rules for their selection, as well as further maintenance after installation.

Building a house in a country village or on a summer cottage is accompanied by additional costs for arranging a water supply system, since there are no centralized systems in such an area. The easiest way in this case is to buy a sewer barrel or another type of storage structure where all wastewater will be discharged.

These containers are safe for environment and are completely sealed, but at the same time they need regular maintenance, which consists of cleaning the tank from sediment. Installation internal sewerage in a private house is no different from installing a similar system in an apartment multi-story building. The only thing the owner will have to think about is suburban area- This is the process of recycling wastewater.

Most often, the storage capacity is a reservoir cylindrical. It is equipped with a pipe designed to collect liquid and which is used for wastewater treatment. The supply pipe leading out of the house at an angle is connected to the pipe. When the tank is filled, it is cleaned through the neck.

Helpful advice! To save money and avoid excavation work, you can install a storage structure on the surface. But in this case it will be spoiled appearance plot, so for aesthetic reasons it is better to hide the septic tank underground.

Advantages and disadvantages of storage septic tanks, their application

Main functions of storage structures:

1. Collection of waste and drainage from the side of a residential building.
2. Storage of wastewater for a certain period.
3. Providing comfort for the residents of the house.
4. Keeping the surrounding area clean.

Using storage tanks to collect wastewater has both advantages and disadvantages.

Why is it profitable to buy a sewerage tank with storage function:

• a simple installation system that allows the summer resident to carry out installation work with his own hands;
• environmental safety and no risk of environmental pollution due to the tightness of the structure;
• the price of a plastic storage tank for sewerage is significantly lower than the cost of building a septic tank based on other materials or an autonomous station designed for biological treatment drains.

The only disadvantage of such structures is the need for regular cleaning using specialized equipment. The frequency of such maintenance depends on the capacity of the tank, as well as the amount of drainage.

Which is better to buy a storage tank for sewerage: types of structures, their features

The offered range of containers intended for collecting sewage includes products of various modifications and sizes. The general classification of such structures is based on the material of manufacture. It is he who determines the cost of the product, its technical and operational characteristics, properties and installation features.

Concrete structures are used extremely rarely. This is primarily due to limited time service of a product made from this material and installed in the ground. Concrete is vulnerable to moisture, which causes its rapid destruction. In addition, the installation of such a container is accompanied by many difficulties and requires the use of heavy construction equipment.

Metal structures are also not highly reliable, although they are used much more often concrete products. This material is subject to corrosive destruction under the influence of aggressive environments and water.

Helpful advice! If you are going to buy a metal sewer container, it is better to give preference to products that have protective covering, both internal and external. In addition, all seams and joints must be filled with sealant to prevent contaminated wastewater from entering the soil.

The most optimal option for a summer cottage would be to buy a plastic sewer tank. These designs have many advantages compared to previous options:

• the material is not at all afraid of corrosion and does not react to the negative effects of aggressive environments;
• the product is light in weight, which simplifies the transportation and installation system, and also eliminates the use of special equipment;
• The container is monolithic, due to the absence of seams, and sealed.

Using sealant, you will only need to treat those areas where the plastic septic tank for sewage is connected to the pipe.

Sewage containers: plastic wells, their variety

A sewer well is a sealed structure that allows wastewater to flow through the system with minimal resistance.

The structure of such system elements is the same:

• bottom, equipped with or without a tray;
• shaft or extension section;
• cover or .

Recommended locations for installing wells apply to areas with relief differences in the area, at the entrance or exit of the main line, as well as pipeline branches. Installation of these elements in other places is also allowed if this is consistent with the system diagram and does not contradict the calculations.

The following types of wells are distinguished by purpose:

• distribution;
• examination rooms;
• drainage or storage.

In addition, the use of plastic wells for cable ducts is widespread. In this case, a network of communication cables runs underground, which are protected by a system of tunnels from the influence of groundwater and other destructive factors.

Externally, sewer wells produced by different manufacturers, have virtually no differences. The variability lies only in the size, the system of elevations where the exits and entrances are located, the absence or presence of a flow speed damper, and some technical features. The shaft of the structure is made in the form of a corrugated pipe.

The shape of the tray can be different:

• angular;
• cross;
• straight bore;
• trigeminal.

Helpful advice! To ensure the tightness of the well, it is recommended to use rubber seals.

Features of inspection and distribution plastic wells for sewerage, price

Viewing elements are installed in the most vulnerable areas of the system and are used to monitor its condition.

Such places include:

• side line joints;
• depth changes;
• zones where the diameter of the pipeline, its slope or direction changes.

The tray part, located at the very bottom, most often has a diameter of 80 cm. Here is the outlet and input of pipes, the diameter of which is in the range of 110-160 mm. The shaft is formed on the basis of extension sections 50 cm long. O-rings pre-treated with silicone are used as a fixing element to connect the sections.

The main function of a distribution well is to regulate the movement of fluid flows within the drainage system, stormwater or domestic sewage system. This procedure is carried out naturally due to the design features of the product.

The distribution well consists of the following elements:

• a tray with a high safety margin, equipped with ring-type stiffeners;
• necks;
• screw cap providing tight closure well.

In general, the design is reliable and airtight, thanks to durable fasteners and O-rings.

Price and sizes of plastic rings for sewerage, trays and Rodlex covers:

	price, rub.
Cover (150/800)	3050
Base (tray) (500/800)	4300
Ring (500/800)	4300
Extension neck (600/800)	4512
Ring (1000/800)	8750

Properties of plastic storage wells for sewerage

A storage or drainage well is considered the most difficult element to install, despite the standard structure in the form of a tray, cover and main sections. Its installation is carried out at the lowest point of the site where water will flow.

The storage well is filled from various sources:

• treatment facilities;
• drainage system;
• storm drains;
• septic tanks

But in terms of operation, such designs are simple. They do not require frequent cleaning.

Helpful advice! To construct storage wells, it is better to use solid bases with adjustable volume due to extension sections. The water that accumulates in the structure over time can be used for economic purposes, for example, for filling a reservoir or watering plants. In this case, you cannot do without a pump.

Price, sizes of plastic rings for sewerage, lids and Rodlex bases:

Features of polymer sand wells for sewerage

A prefabricated polymer sand well for sewerage is made on the basis of polymer raw materials with a small addition of sand. The structure is formed using the tongue/groove method from polymer rings. Thanks to this, the elements of the well fit together as tightly as possible, so there is no need for additional sealing. Seams can be treated with silicone.

The bottom is used as the basis. The structure itself is made up of rings, and the upper one should have the shape of a cone, where the closing hatch is installed. The cost of such wells is quite high, but there is an opportunity to save on installation work and further exploitation.

Advantages of polymer sand products:

• reliability and high safety margin;
• lightweight (maximum weight of any part does not exceed 60 kg);
• high resistance to static and mechanical loads;
• long service life (up to 100 years);
• convenient service system;
• simple transportation and installation system;
• high resistance to negative impact moisture and low temperatures.

Price of polymer rings for sewers, bottoms and cones Polex Plast:

Part name (height/diameter, mm)	price, rub.
Ring (200/750)	1120
Bottom (36/750)	1120
Cone (140/1000)	1280
Ring (200/1000)	1280
Bottom (36/1000)	1280
Ring smooth (200/1000)	1280
Cone with hatch (120/1000)	1600

Polymer sand well structures are universal and can be used for various purposes. They are able to withstand pressure up to 0.4 tons.

Buying the optimal plastic container for a septic tank for sewerage: price of products

On the building materials market you can buy plastic containers for sewerage various volumes and modifications. To create them, special production technologies are used to produce products with improved characteristics. Such material is capable of withstanding severe tensile or compressive loads, which makes it possible to use polymer septic tanks without fear that the soil may damage or deform the container during heaving and movement.

Why is it profitable to buy plastic container for sewerage under a septic tank:

• the lightweight structure allows transportation using a regular car;
• a simple installation system does not require the participation of specialists; the installation of a septic tank can be handled by two people;
• low cost of the product;
• inertia towards negative influence aggressive environments, due to which the terms of effective operational service are measured in tens of years.

Helpful advice! In order to reliably and efficiently install a plastic waste container, be sure to anchor it to a concrete slab. In addition, you will need to create a clay or concrete backfill around the container. Thanks to this, the septic tank will remain in its place, and will not float like a float in the soil.

Among the disadvantages of plastic waste containers, one can note their fragility under the influence of low temperatures. For this reason, experts recommend backfilling when installing a structure using insulating material.

Features and price of plastic containers for sewage: polypropylene products

Polypropylene is made from polymers. Despite the similar base, this material is much stronger than plastic, due to the inclusion of softening substances that increase plasticity.

The unique composition provides polypropylene products with many advantages:

• resistance to temperature changes;
• resistance to cracking due to temperature changes;
• long service life (about 100 years);
• tightness and waterproofness, thereby eliminating the possibility of contamination of water sources by wastewater;
• high resistance to the influence of steam during system sterilization and exposure to aggressive environments.

Products made of polypropylene have thick walls ranging from 5-20 mm. In addition, the design provides for the presence of stiffeners. These elements prevent the tank from floating and provide additional strength.

Average price of polypropylene septic tanks Maple:

Model	Capacity, m³	Dimensions, (height/width/length), mm	price, rub.
Klen-3	1	880/910/1200	22000
Klen-5	1,5	1100/1100/1500	30000
Klen-5N	1,5	1100/11001950	32000
Klen-7	2,5	1500/1300/1500	40000
Klen-7N	2,5	1500/1300/1950	44000

Features and price of plastic septic tanks for sewerage: polyethylene products

Polyethylene products are made from polymers with the addition of fiberglass threads. Thanks to this, the walls perfectly withstand such negative phenomena as soil movement and swelling. Containers respond well to stretching and smooth compression, but they are afraid of sharp impacts. Forceful impact can damage the tank and cause a crack to appear.

Advantages of polyethylene septic structures:

• light weight of the product;
• a wide choice of configurations, including spherical and square shapes;
• long service life (within 30-50 years);
• resistance to the negative influence of aggressive environments.

Like other plastic products, polyethylene containers are easily damaged under the influence of sudden mechanical loads.

Helpful advice! The storage volume should be selected taking into account the fact that one person needs approximately 1 m³. Thus, for a family of 4 or more people, you will need to buy a plastic sewer container of 5000 l or 5 m³.

Average price for Polex plastic products:

Dimensions, (length/height excluding neck), mm	Capacity, m³	Wall thickness, cm	price, rub.
1800/1200	2	1,8	25000
2700/1200	3	1,8	30000
3600/1200	4	1,8	39000
2900/1500	5	2,5	57000
3400/1500	6	2,5	80000
4000/1500	7	2,5	87000
4600/1500	8	2,5	95000

Selection of additional equipment for sewage treatment plants

Septic tanks are used to clean household wastewater in a private home. autonomous sewers and other types of structures.

There are two types of waste:

1. Black - drains from the toilet.
2. Gray – waste liquid from the kitchen, bathroom, sink and household appliances, for example, a dishwasher or washing machine.

Sewage waste accounts for about 30% of the total volume of wastewater. Most often, waste liquid comes from the bathroom and sink. On average, one person consumes about 160-200 liters of water per day. In most cases, mechanical and biological cleaning methods are used to clean the system, since these technologies are considered the most practical, safe and affordable.

Cost and features of a sewer riser in a private house

The sewerage system consists not only of a pipeline and a storage tank. For the system to function effectively, additional communication equipment in the form of a vent riser will be required. Such a pipe serves as a connecting element between the common highway and the atmosphere. The main task of the fan riser is to provide ventilation within the system.

Related article:

Types of products, their features and sizes, prices. Recommendations for choosing pipes and organizing drainage based on them yourself.

Installation of a drain pipe is necessary in the following cases:

• an autonomous sewer system is located near a residential building;
• the house has two or more floors with sewerage and water supply;
• the diameter of the sewer risers is in the range of 50-110 mm;
• exploitation country house is accompanied by the simultaneous release of a large amount of wastewater, for example, if there is a swimming pool or other type of water equipment on the site.

Fan pipes can be rigid, sliding, angular or straight. Some of them are equipped with a clamp, extensions or transition parts.

Average prices for vent pipes:

Item type	Diameter, mm	price, rub.
Flexible pipe	110	120
Straight pipe	110-180	350
Straight pipe	110-250	350
Pipe at an angle of 22.5º	110	400
Pipe at an angle of 45º	110	400
Pipe at an angle of 90º	110	450
Pipe eccentric	110	450
Straight pipe	110-400	450
90º angle pipe complete with check valve	110	3950
Straight pipe equipped with check valve	110-400	4650

Important! Fan pipe should rise above the roof by at least 50 cm. The optimal diameter of the elements is 110 mm, although the use of parts of other sizes is allowed. The pipe installation should be done on the leeward side. In this case, it is advisable to focus on the wind rose.

Why you need to buy a sewer pump: prices and equipment features

The sewer system organized at a summer cottage cannot function normally without regular cleaning of storage tanks or running wastewater towards the central collector. To effectively perform these tasks, experts advise purchasing fecal pumps for pumping out sewage. These devices represent a broad category of units, each of which is focused on specific operating conditions.

Based on the type of installation, the following types of pumps are distinguished:

• superficial;
• submersible type;
• semi-submersible devices;
• semi-submersible fecal units;
• pumping units for domestic use.

Having decided on a certain type of installation, you should first pay attention to the operating voltage of the pump. Most often, summer cottages are powered from a 220 V network, but there are also systems with three phases. For such cases, it is recommended to buy equipment rated for 380 V. The power level when choosing a pump is also important. In most cases, such equipment is operated in conditions high loads, so it is rare to find a unit whose power is less than 400 W.

Average price of fecal pumps for pumping out sewerage systems Gilex:

Modification	Water rise height, m	Depth, m	Power, W	price, rub.
Tugunok 140/6 5400	6	8	250	3300
Fekalnik 200/10 F 5301	10	8	880	4400
Fekalnik 230/8 5401	8	8	590	4400
Fekalnik 150/7N 5302	7	8	550	5900
Fekalnik 255/11 N 5303	11	8	1100	6900

What is the name of the sewer pumping machine and features of its use?

Special equipment designed to empty the sewer system at a summer cottage and remove waste for disposal is called a sewer truck. This type of equipment is used to clean cesspools, septic structures, and overgrown bodies of water, such as ponds. The equipment installed on the vehicle is completely sealed. Due to this, wastewater disposal is carried out in a safe manner.

The complete set of the sewer truck consists of the following elements:

• powerful pump;
• storage tank;
• hose;
• signaling device;
• pipes.

There are several varieties of such machines, which differ in the principle of suction of wastewater. In one version, the drainage of the sewer is carried out using a suction manifold on the motor, in another version a pump is used vacuum type. Relatively recently, sludge disposal machines have appeared, which, in addition to pumping out liquid, are capable of removing sludge deposits.

Note! The capacity of the sewage disposal machine is filled within 4-12 minutes. This depends on the capacity of the storage tank.

How do sewer pumping machines work in a summer cottage?

The operating principle of sewage disposal machines is quite simple. Pump equipment creates a vacuum in the container, as a result of which the waste liquid is sucked through the hose. This process is completely controlled by special sensors. When the storage tank on the vehicle is filled to the limit line, the equipment sends a corresponding signal.

In order to pump out sewerage in a private house without unnecessary problems, you need to call a car with the appropriate technical characteristics. This type of equipment may have different volume parameters, operating capabilities, and overall dimensions. There are no generally accepted standards, so it is better to call a technique designed to empty a septic tank of a certain volume. The capacity of sewer trucks varies between 3-15 m³.

Operating capabilities reflect the pump's power level, pump stroke length, and wastewater suction speed. In most cases, you can limit yourself to calling a small car, for example, GAZ. If the sewer system at the dacha is large enough, as is the capacity of the septic tanks, in such cases it is recommended to call a KAMAZ vehicle.

The design of the machine may contain additional elements, due to which opportunities are expanded. Some modifications of sewage disposal machines are equipped with two barrels or have a water tank.

How to pump out a sewer in a private house: price for services

If you clean your sewer system in a timely manner, you can save money on repairs in the future. The smaller the capacity of the car, the cheaper the pumping services will cost. The smallest tank is equipped with GAS, its capacity is 2 m³. This type of sewer truck is capable of pumping out one. In most cases, summer residents use the services of GAZ with a tank capacity of 4 m³.

Important! A vehicle with a capacity of 4 m³ or more should be able to drive as close as possible to the pumping site. The maximum permissible distance is 16 m from the hatch.

The cost of sewer pumping services depends on the following factors:

• volume of wastewater that needs to be pumped out;
• remoteness of the summer cottage;
• depth of the storage tank;
• features of the approach to the pumping hatch, its remoteness;
• working hours;
• additional procedures that the customer wants to carry out.

The average cost of pumping out 1 m³ of wastewater and then transporting it for disposal is about 300 rubles. The minimum volume of work for one call is 4 m³. The price of 1 hour of operation of sewage disposal equipment is about 1800 rubles.

In what cases is it necessary to call special equipment:

• the tank is full and there is an unpleasant odor in the area;
• the pressure in the taps has dropped;
• liquid in plumbing system rusty;
• cloudiness of the water in the well is observed;
• The storm drain system is clogged or does not perform its function well.

The comfort and service life of the sewer system is influenced by many factors. For this reason, it is very important to correctly calculate the system parameters and select the appropriate elements. Moreover, not only the quality of installation is important, but also timely sewerage care, cleaning and maintenance. Only in this case can the system last the entire period declared by the manufacturer.