Connection of a flat roof and a pitched roof. Features of a flat roof: pros and cons of its use. Types of floors used
This option for arranging the upper part of the building is used, as a rule, in the construction of “high-rise buildings”, as well as various administrative, industrial, warehouse and some other buildings: pavilions, showrooms and the like. Despite the fact that flat roof there are a number of disadvantages, this does not reduce popularity similar design, including in private housing construction.
Advantages of flat roofs
Firstly, the installation of a flat roof can be done independently, rather than inviting assistants or hiring professionals, as, for example, when constructing a roof complex configuration(, hipped and the like). Consequently, their work will not have to be paid (we are not talking about large areas, where it will be problematic to cope alone).
Secondly, the construction of such a roof provides significant savings both in materials (money) and in time (the covering area is much smaller than with a pitched roof). You won’t have to make numerous calculations or order a project (which will be expensive), assemble complex system rafters, installing jibs, extensions, and so on. In addition, there are no restrictions on the choice of type of roofing.
Third, a flat surface is much easier to maintain and repair, which also provides significant savings in the long term.
Fourth, the ability to choose arrangement options. A flat roof can either serve only as a traditional “cover” for a house, or be used (inverted). For example, greenhouses, summer gardens, solariums and the like are mounted on it. Even helipads are being built. This fully compensates for the inconvenience due to the lack of attic space.
Flaws
- Increased requirements for waterproofing. Since the roof is located horizontally, water falling in the form of precipitation will stagnate on it. You can use , for example.
- Debris will constantly accumulate (for example, fallen leaves), so such a roof will have to be serviced more often.
- Lack of attic (attic) space
What to consider
- The maximum load that the roof will experience (for truss structure). This means the weight of the frame itself, roofing material, layers of insulation and insulation, as well as possible snow cover. In addition, you need to count on the fact that the roof must withstand the weight of people who will subsequently walk on it.
- The purpose of the building and the possibility of further use of the surface (for example, equipping a terrace). Depending on this, the type of overlap is determined.
Work technology
The simplest version of a flat roof is when reinforced concrete slabs are laid (for example, a garage, shed). Everything here is extremely simple. A so-called “layer cake” is arranged on the surface: vapor barrier, if necessary - insulation material, waterproofing layer. For the equipment of the latter, roll materials are most often used.
Insulation of a reinforced concrete slab can be done by pouring a layer of expanded clay and placing a cement screed on top. Slag and some other materials are also used.
Traditionally, roofing felt is used for waterproofing, which is covered with bitumen mastics on top. It is necessary to take into account that this material will last no more than 5 years, and then you will have to do repairs. It is more expedient to lay it as a “waterproofing” polymer materials eg membranes. Liquid rubber is also great.
Since the installation of slabs requires the use of special equipment, when independent device A flat roof can be equipped with a simple rafter system made of wood.
First of all on the upper parts load-bearing walls supports are laid - Mauerlats. The most commonly used material is timber. It must be taken into account that these structural elements must be rigidly fixed to prevent the possibility of their horizontal displacement.
Therefore, first along the entire length of the walls in their upper end surfaces metal pins are walled up. Their length is calculated so that after installing the mauerlats they rise above the beam by about 5 cm. Threads must be cut at their ends.
If the masonry is old, then a “ribbon” of concrete mortar. After this, in each wooden blank Pre-designed holes with a diameter slightly larger than the cross-section of the metal “fingers” are drilled. First, strips of roofing material (or similar waterproofing material), and then Mauerlats. They are mounted on pins, and a washer is put on top of each and with the help of a nut the beam is securely fixed at the installation site.
Next, the floor beams are laid. It is necessary to take into account that the roof should protrude beyond the dimensions of the house by 50 - 60 cm (the required overhang). This will protect both the walls and the blind area from water flowing from it, as well as from raindrops.
Construction of a supporting frame. Depending on the type, it can be either solid (boards, slabs) or cellular (lathing).
- Vapor barrier.
- Insulation. For flat roofs there is a nuance. Absence attic space deprives such a building of an “air cushion” from above. Therefore, insulation is carried out both outside and inside. But at the same time, you need to take into account the weight of such material, since it is an additional load on the rafter system.
- Waterproofing.
- Roofing covering.
- Finishing of overhangs.
This is only a general list of necessary activities. The technology for performing work on each item depends on both local conditions and the selected materials.
- Any “wood” used in construction must be well dried. The moisture in its structure gradually “leaves” (natural shrinkage of the material), which leads to a change not only in the volume of the workpiece, but also in its deformation (for example, twisting).
- Wood has two significant drawbacks: it burns and is susceptible to rotting. Therefore, before using it, all wooden parts of the structure are pre-treated with fire retardants and antiseptics. It is better to spend money on these products than to suffer from frequent repairs later.
- When installing mauerlats, you need to constantly monitor their horizontalness using a building level. Otherwise, the roof will be skewed. If necessary, either the tape is leveled or a rigid lining is made under the Mauerlat.
- To prevent stagnation of water on the roof, it is advisable to make it with a certain slope (approximately 3 0 - 5 0). As a rule, the decline goes towards the rear side of the building. To do this, the height of the front mauerlats increases, so the floor beams will lie with a slope.
Flat roofs nowadays are undeservedly forgotten and not spoiled by the attention of developers. In private housing construction, they are found mainly in the southern regions, where heavy rains and snowfalls are rare. Hip roofs, on the contrary, have become firmly established in the projects and minds of homeowners.
This state of affairs can be explained simply: until recently, builders did not have reliable and durable waterproofing.
Standard roofing felt - cardboard impregnated with bitumen - cannot resist moisture and temperature changes for long. Even a thick 4-layer coating from it has to be changed after 6-8 years.
Today, interest in flat roofs is beginning to grow.
There are several reasons for this:
- Economic benefit. The cost of arrangement is lower than that of a tent structure (simpler design and smaller area);
- Additional effective area. There is a possibility of it rational use(flower garden, playground, recreation area, swimming pool);
- Availability of maintenance and operation (cleaning drains, installing air conditioners, antennas, inspecting coatings, ventilation and smoke ducts);
- A layer of snow acts as additional thermal insulation, reducing heating costs.
- Original appearance building.
Types of flat roofs
Strictly speaking, you will not see a completely flat roof on a building. Any of them has minimum slope from 1 to 4% required for precipitation runoff.
There are four types of flat roofs:
- unexploited;
- exploited;
- green (lawn);
- combined.
Unused roofs are found on industrial buildings.
Operated roofs have found application in public and private construction. They are equipped with recreation areas, cafes and restaurants, and used as parking lots and helipads.
Green (lawn) coverings are made to decorate buildings, as well as when there is not enough space on the site. In addition to the aesthetic function, they perform an important practical task. A layer of plant turf is an excellent heat and sound insulator.
Combined roofs with a flat surface are the most common option. Comfortable stay on fresh air surrounded by green grass and flowering plants everyone likes it.
According to the method of drainage, houses with a flat roof are divided into two types:
- With internal drain;
- With external water discharge (along the perimeter of the roof).
Internal drainage is cheaper than external drainage because it does not require a large number of gutters, pipes, funnels and high-altitude work to install them. It is more difficult to perform. Errors when creating a slope, poor-quality sealing of joints lead to leaks and damage to the integrity of the protective layer of waterproofing.
In operation, flat coverings with internal drainage are more profitable. In winter, icicles do not grow on the eaves of such a roof. Drainpipes pass inside the building and therefore do not freeze. Cleaning debris funnels is easier and easier than hanging gutters.
Device Features
According to the method of arrangement and arrangement of structural layers, experts distinguish two types of flat roofs:
- Classic;
- Inversion.
The classic roofing “pie” is equipped using the following technology:
- a slope is made from cement-sand mortar on reinforced concrete floor slabs;
- lay vapor barrier and insulation;
- lay down waterproofing membrane or roofing felt carpet;
- if the coating is to be used, the waterproofing is protected with ceramic tiles.
Classic design flat roof
The main disadvantage of the traditional design is the vulnerability of the outer insulating layer from solar ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.
Working to solve this problem, engineers came up with the idea of an inversion coating. In it, the main structural elements (insulation and waterproof membrane) are swapped. Waterproofing is hidden under polystyrene foam, which external influences protected by a gravel ballast layer or a tile finish.
Inversion coating design
The technology of work is changing accordingly. A waterproof carpet made of roofing felt or EPDM membrane is glued to the slab or spread on it, fixing it in places adjacent to the parapet.
The slope in this case is created in one of two ways:
- Mortar screed on the slab;
- Insulation, changing the thickness of its installation.
Installing thermal insulation on a flat roof
Water intake funnels and pipes are installed at the lowest points of the slope. In addition to them, ventilation is installed to remove water vapor that accumulates in the area of contact between the vapor barrier and the insulation.
When arranging a covering designed for planting plants, the structure is supplemented with a top layer of waterproofing. Drainage layers of gravel are poured over it, geotextiles are laid and a fertile layer of soil is poured.
In addition to roofing coverings laid on reinforced concrete slabs, designs for houses with a flat roof on wooden beams have been developed.
Construction technology in this case may include the following operations:
- Beams are mounted on the walls in increments of 50-100 cm, fixing them to the masonry with anchor pins. The cross-section of the beams depends on the span width, the design load and can range from 10x20 cm to 15x25 cm;
- Lay on beams OSB boards, tightly joining them together;
- Spread the waterproofing membrane in 2 layers, carefully gluing the joints of the sheets.
- Thermal insulation is made from durable (extruded) foam, gluing it to the membrane. A slope for water drainage is created by laying insulation in layers of different thicknesses;
- The heat insulator is protected from above cement screed, reinforced mesh or tiled.
Examples of private houses
There are many supporters of flat roofs among developers. They are attracted by the ease of construction, low cost of work and the possibility of placing a site for summer recreation.
A thick layer of snow on a flat roof is not a problem, but additional insulation
The design of buildings with such a roof fits perfectly into the style of minimalism, providing project developers with a wide field for creativity.
Spacious, comfortable and nothing superfluous is the motto of everyone who chooses a house with such a roof. Pitched roof visually makes the building heavier, while flat, on the contrary, makes it light and airy.
External view of the facade one-story house with a flat roof compares favorably with the rather boring variations of the “teremkovy” character.
On it, most often you will not see gutters and pipes, the water from which gets on the walls and spoils the appearance of the finish. Internal drainage is efficient, practical and invisible.
Many people associate a flat roof with urban high-rise buildings. And very few people draw in their imagination Vacation home with a flat roof, which combines saving precious space and the possibility of creating luxurious places to relax on the roof.
Flat roof pie.
In the age of modern building materials and new technologies, it is possible to successfully build private houses with a flat roof, without fear of the surprises of our unpredictable climate. But the full extent of pleasure from a flat roof can only be experienced when the builders and the customer himself listen carefully to the advice of a specialist in installation technology and the selection of the necessary components of the roof structure. Only under such conditions will a flat roof serve for a long time for more than one generation of the inhabitants of the house, without requiring additional costs.
What are the advantages of flat roof designs?
Until recently various designs and the parts for the device were either very expensive or not reliable and functional enough, which did not at all benefit the popularization of roofs of this type, especially for private developers.
However, life experience proves that, being under the influence of stereotypes, we are too biased towards many problems, as a result of which we do not always judge things objectively. The main thing is from many existing options choose the most adequate and correct one to avoid mistakes.
According to architects, buildings in the spirit of constructivism, which brings a minimum of details and simplicity of design, are now becoming fashionable again. As a consequence, in better side The attitude of customers towards flat roofing is changing. In Europe the design flat covering houses are called fashionable architectural feature project. A house with a roof without slopes looks more modern.
Until recently, a flat roof was a complete taboo for most consumers. According to some, it was simply tasteless, others were afraid of heavy precipitation in the form of snow, and still others believed that a flat roof was an undertaking that required prohibitive financial costs. Nevertheless, experts cite a lot of obvious advantages for buildings with this design:
- In most cases, a flat roof is equipped as a green recreation area.
- Saving material, because the area of the flat coating less area pitched with the same architectural basis.
- Laying a flat roof is much more convenient than a pitched roof - it is easier to install the covering under your feet rather than in an unsafe position at a high altitude.
- Maintaining flat roofs is not an extreme mountaineering activity, but rather a routine procedure.
- Plus, the design of flat roofs makes it possible to obtain additional space without increasing the outline of the structure.
By the way, in developed countries, the possibility of using a flat roof is most relevant in megacities. Here, the problem of ecology has increasingly come to the fore, and therefore raising elements of gardens, parks, vegetable gardens and lawns from the ground to the clouds has become a very popular thing. And most importantly, if you want your flat roof to provide reliable protection, it must be installed correctly using durable modern building materials.
Components of a flat roof
Typically, a flat roof is based on load-bearing base(it can be a reinforced concrete slab or profiled a metal sheet), on which heat-insulating material is laid over a vapor barrier layer, which is protected from precipitation by a waterproofing layer.
It is characteristic that all components of the roofing “pie” are of equal importance, and if at least one of them is unsuitable, the entire structure will be damaged. The basis of the work on installing a flat roof is an integrated approach, which consists of determining the type of coating and implementing the best design solution when considering all operational and technological properties, such as fire resistance, water resistance, ease of maintenance, labor costs during installation, aesthetic qualities, etc.
Specialists pay special attention to sealing seams, choosing fastening methods and elements, arranging technological components of the coating (junctions to parapets and pipes, drains, corners, superstructures, etc.) and making through holes. And it goes without saying that the operation of the roof will not depend on any damaging factors if the various components of the structure are made of impact-resistant and weather-resistant materials that are resistant to corrosion processes and exposure to UV rays. Exclusion of at least one detail from common system is fraught with the most undesirable consequences.
Depending on the type of waterproofing, it can be glued, mechanically secured, or loosely laid. Much attention should be paid to the quality of fasteners and the method of their installation, especially for materials that are laid to the base of the roof with mechanical fastening.
If the rules for laying roofing are neglected, the following undesirable consequences may occur:
- Breakdown of waterproofing by strong gusts of wind.
- Loss of bearing capacity of the base due to electrochemical corrosion in the “wrong self-tapping screw + corrugated sheet” system.
- A clogged or frozen funnel, causing the roof to fill with moisture and leaks.
The roofing “pie” consists of the following layers (from bottom to top):
- Vapor barrier.
- Insulation.
- Waterproofing.
Insulation of a flat roof
Types of flat roof insulation: one, two and three layers.
The base of a flat roof is load-bearing slab, made of monolith, reinforced concrete or metal profiled sheet. On top it is covered with a vapor barrier material, which protects the insulation from water vapor, thus preventing it from swelling from getting wet and ensuring the preservation of all properties. After this, thermal insulation is installed on the roof, which, in turn, is covered with a waterproofing carpet to protect it from precipitation.
For a flat roof, there are one- and two-layer thermal insulation systems. Nowadays it is more often used in construction two-layer system. It works like this: the bottom layer, 70-200 mm thick, is assigned the main function of thermal insulation, while the top layer, which is 30-50 mm, is responsible for the redistribution of mechanical loads. Despite the smaller thickness, the second layer is more durable and has more high density. This distribution of flat roof covering layers makes it possible to significantly reduce its weight and, thereby, the load on the floors. The insulation must meet the following requirements:
- Low thermal conductivity and water absorption.
- Fire safety.
- High vapor permeability.
- Compressive and peel strength of layers.
Drainage device
It is very important to ensure the free escape of wet vapors from the roofing. Necessary elements are ventilation accessories. As a result of human activity, water vapor is continuously generated inside the building. Due to the convective process and diffusion, it rises upward and, when cooled, condenses in the space under the roof. This process is especially intense in winter time. It negatively affects both wood and metal. If too much condensation accumulates, wet spots form on the ceiling and mold develops. In addition, moisture accumulating in thermal insulation material, reduces its properties, which leads to increased costs for heating the room. To avoid such situations, you need to take care of the proper removal of moisture from the outside of the building.
With this task the best way This is done by special roofing components - a roof fan, otherwise called an aerator. The aerator consists of pipes different diameters made of plastic or metal, which are covered with umbrella-shaped caps.
The operation of the aerator is based on the pressure difference caused by the flow air masses. Its design allows moisture vapor to be removed from under the roofing without damaging the latter.
On flat roofs, aerators are placed evenly over the entire surface at the highest points of the roof plane at the junction of the thermal insulation boards with each other. It is advisable to install aerators at the same time as the roof itself. Otherwise, the cost of installing ventilation increases significantly.
There are a large number of components for installing a flat roof. The need for their use is determined. For example, in Western countries, much attention is paid to equipping roofs with natural smoke removal devices, which enable people to safely leave the building in the event of a fire.
The reliability of the roof also depends on its slope. There are no completely flat roofs, because to drain water you need, albeit a very small, slope. For a flat roof it is measured as a percentage.
It is not advisable to install roofs with a slope of less than 2 percent. The most the best option is a slope of 2.5 percent. In this case, the structure is freed from water in a short time, providing more comfortable conditions for the functioning of the roofing material. With a good slope, even a small defect in the roofing will be insignificant.
One more important element roofs are gutters that “carry away” moisture and snow along a given route. This is most often done on a flat roof. Special fittings or fittings located on the roof surface effectively drain water during heavy rainfalls, eliminating flooding of the roof. Their location and quantity must be determined taking into account the design rules for these structures and construction requirements for the design of drains and sewerage systems for buildings. The required number of funnels on the roof depends on its operating conditions, architecture and amount of precipitation. The funnel comes with a special filter that protects the drain from foreign objects getting into it. To prevent the water in the drain from freezing, the mouths of the funnels are equipped with special thermal cables, which guarantees rapid drainage of water at any time of the year.
They are more often used in private houses, because the internal one is more suitable for constructing flat roofs of large industrial buildings. External drainage is usually performed using overflow windows, which are installed in the parapet along with roof storm drains. Ideally, self-regulating thermal cables should be used in this case, since the storm inlet and overflow window, due to their design, are susceptible to icing in winter.
Choosing drainage system, due attention should be paid to the choice of structural materials. For example, products made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) are less susceptible to icing than metal ones.
The choice of one design or another largely determines the possibility of using the attic as an additional living space, resolves the issue of the need for insulation and determines the type of roofing covering.
A flat roof is a specific option that does not allow the attic to be equipped as a living space (due to its absence).
But it offers a lot of possibilities for using the territory as an auxiliary site, a place for placing equipment or as a private recreation area, separate from the external space.
A flat roof can provide many interesting possibilities in this regard, but there are limitations to its use.
The main feature of a flat roof is almost horizontal surface. such surfaces are low - up to 8 degrees, it is needed only for drainage of rain or melt water.
According to the conditions of the plane location, there is practically zero wind load (with correct device without hanging edges) at maximum snow cover.
Wherein, the roof structure has a complex multi-layer structure, ensuring the tightness of the coating and the working condition of the insulation.
Most favorable conditions operation of flat roofs:
- Small amounts of snow in winter. It is most suitable for use in regions with warm or little snowy winters, when removing snow from the roof does not cause difficulties.
- Wind force does not have a significant effect on the roof, therefore, the construction of such roofs in areas with strong or gusty winds is permissible.
For areas with cold and snowy winters, the use of flat roofs is only recommended for small commercial buildings having a relatively small area.
The use of flat roofs on residential buildings is more common in southern regions, where there is no problem with high snow pressure in winter.
Flat roof
The structure of the roofing pie
Some specific, classic composition roofing pie There is no such thing as a flat roof. Layer structure most often based on the following factors:
- Roof purpose;
- Floor type;
- Roofing material.
The decisive factor that determines the composition of the roof from the very beginning of construction is the purpose of the roof. It depends on it what material is needed for the construction of the floor, how exactly it will be insulated, and what kind of optimal material coverings.
Insulation of a flat roof from soft roof produced externally, since this method is much more convenient and reliable in terms of the tightness of the cake.
The general insulation technology looks like this:
- Base (concrete, wooden floor);
- Vapor barrier film;
- A layer of insulation;
- Upper layer waterproofing;
- Roofing.
This is the general plan, in practice it is often supplemented or complicated with the aim of more reliable protection from water penetration or the formation of cold bridges.
Roofing pie
One of the options for installing a flat roof is inversion roofing. This is relative the new kind pie designs that take into account the disadvantages of conventional options.
The fact is that a common problem with flat roofs is water seeping through the insulation into the ceiling and the appearance of stains and streaks.
To eliminate this phenomenon, inversion roofing is used when A reliable waterproofing carpet (often multi-layered) is installed between the ceiling and the insulation..
The composition of the pie is built as follows:
- Overlap;
- The waterproofing preparation layer is usually a construction primer;
- Waterproofing carpet;
- Geotextile layer;
- Insulation (optimally extruded polystyrene foam);
- Top layer of geotextile;
- Ballast fill layer of gravel.
If necessary, a rigid covering can be laid on top of the ballast layer to maintain uniform ballast thickness and ease of movement.
Inversion roofing cake
Is the roof based on wood or concrete?
Wood or concrete can be used as a base for a flat roof. Both options are acceptable, but not interchangeable.
So, wooden base used for small buildings, most often for economic purposes.
If there is no heating, then such a roof is not insulated, it is made simply rafter system and laid on top roof covering . However, wooden floors are also used for residential buildings.
This is due to the desire to lighten the roof and remove excess load from the walls (for example, with the frame construction method).
CAREFULLY!
This option imposes certain restrictions on the functionality of the roof, excluding the presence of heavy equipment, a large number of people, etc. on it.
More often, for used roofs of residential buildings, they use as a basis concrete slab . This overlap has a number of significant advantages:
- Reliability;
- No noticeable deformation from loads;
- Penetration of moisture into the material will not cause rotting;
- Finishing a concrete floor is easier than finishing a wooden floor.
Since it is produced externally, the lower surface of the concrete floor (ceiling) top floor) will be open, which allows you to use any available type of finishing - from simple painting to installing a stretch ceiling.
If the ceiling is made of wood (beams), then the finishing should be done taking into account possible deformation - “sagging” of the ceiling due to existing loads.
Sectional photo of the roof basics:
Wooden base
Concrete base
Flat roofs: arrangement of private houses
The composition of the roofing cake is never chosen at random. The main selection criterion is general purpose roofs:
- Lightweight. The roof serves only as protection from precipitation. Mainly used for auxiliary buildings for utility purposes;
- Exploited. This roof serves as a platform for placing various equipment, for the construction of recreation areas, small greenhouses, swimming pools, etc.;
- Green. On such a roof there is a lawn with grass, plants, etc. Serves as a mini-square for relaxation.
Depending on the purpose of the roof, the type of ceiling is selected, which, in turn, largely determines optimal type roofing material. Therefore, the composition of the roofing cake may have its own individual characteristics.
So, for a flat roof of an outbuilding it will be enough:
- Rafters;
- Lathing;
- Roofing covering (metal profile, etc.).
Lightweight roof
For a used roof, which is used as a platform for installation solar panels, satellite television dishes or other equipment, the composition is much more complex:
- Concrete floor slab;
- Cement screed that forms a slope for water drainage;
- Waterproofing layer;
- Drainage material that removes water from under the upper layers;
- Insulation layer;
- Geotextile layer;
- Sand preparation layer;
- Paving slabs.
In this case, the outer covering is paving slabs, as a durable and cheap material.
ATTENTION!
At the same time, rain or melt water can quite easily penetrate the insulation layer, so it must be resistant to moisture, impenetrable to water, or, as an option, painlessly let water drain through drainage layer to the drain.
Operable roof
Pie diagram for creating a green roof:
- Concrete floor slab;
- Layer ;
- Multi-layer waterproofing carpet;
- Insulation;
- . It consists of a separating layer of reinforced screed, a double layer of technoplast (EPP and Green), and a geodrainage roll layer;
- Layer of soil with plantings.
In this case, there is a multi-stage waterproofing system that reliably cuts off the insulation material from the top soil layer. This cutoff, at first glance, is too complicated, necessary to guarantee the creation of a reliable barrier to water.
The soil is an active accumulator of moisture, which will certainly seep into the lower layers, so the complexity of the composition of the pie is fully justified.
Green roof
How to cover a flat roof
The material for covering a flat roof is selected based on its purpose.
Unused surfaces are most often covered with roofing felt and the joints are sealed with liquid bitumen.
IN Lately a large number appeared similar materials with improved characteristics that make it possible to more reliably protect the roofing pie.
Operated surfaces require a tougher and more durable coating. At the same time, the task of hermetically sealing the insulation from external influences is not removed, so most often a sand-cement cushion and a working layer - paving slabs - are laid on top of the soft roof.
Coating
Installation of a used flat roof
How to make a flat roof? First of all, you need to decide on the basic parameters - type of roof, structure, etc. Let's consider the option of installing an exploitable flat roof with concrete floor and external drainage using gutters:
- The surface of the floor is covered with a layer of slope-forming concrete screed (slope). To save concrete, a layer of gravel is first poured on a slope, after which a screed is laid on top. Since this stage refers to “wet” work, then It is recommended to cover the surface of the ceiling with a layer of primer or similar material.
- Laying vapor-waterproofing. As a material, you can use various fused films or roll membranes. Laying with overlap, seal the joints with tape.
- Insulation layer. Either stone mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam is used. The insulation is laid in several layers, minimum 2 layers. This requirement is caused by the need to prevent the penetration of cold through cracks in the joints of the insulation.
- On top of the insulating layer a layer of waterproofing is laid.
- Filling the ballast layer - gravel, sand, etc.. The role of this layer is double: protecting the film coating and draining water coming from melting snow or precipitation in the summer.
- On top of the ballast layer if necessary, a layer can be laid paving slabs for ease of walking on the surface. In this case, you will need an additional sandy preparatory layer, a direct substrate for the tiles.
The indicated sequence is one of the options; there are many similar methods that are equivalent in results, but differ in details.
The installation of a flat roof, traditionally considered an accessory of auxiliary buildings, can be carried out in such a way that the roof surface turns into an additional platform that can be used for various needs.
Depending on the climatic conditions of the area, the surface of a flat roof is turned into a green lawn, a technical area for placing equipment, or a recreation area.
All roofing options require careful arrangement and expensive materials. The quality of the result directly depends on the qualifications of the people performing the work and on the financial capabilities of the home owner.
But don't forget that you can build a flat roof with your own hands.
Investments in an equipped, usable flat roof are only worthwhile in regions with short mild winters and low average monthly precipitation. All other issues can be resolved and do not cause serious problems.
Waterproofing
Insulation
Useful video
In this video you will learn what the structure of a flat roof made of fused materials is:
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