Installation instructions for flexible bitumen shingles. How to lay shingles: bitumen product How to lay soft shingles on a roof
Due to its good performance characteristics, flexible tiles, or as they are also called, are becoming increasingly popular soft roof, all the work can be done with your own hands, which will significantly save your budget. The cost of the material itself is several times cheaper than other coverings for the roof of a house.
Soft roof structure
In construction reference books it is called bitumen sheets, sprinkled with multi-colored crumbs. Flexible tiles are produced in the format of a rectangular sheet with one-sided figured cutouts of complex and simple shapes, where the relief is based on a rectangle, oval or polyhedron.
Material structure multilayer, the order of layers is as follows:
Thickness soft roof varies within 3-4 mm - depending on the manufacturer and is characterized by a rich color scheme. Installation of flexible tiles is carried out on a prepared plywood or tiled surface.
Advantages and disadvantages of coating
Before installation, you should weigh the strengths and weaknesses of the material in order to be prepared for various surprises.
The presence of characteristic differences in the material in terms of advantages or disadvantages does not categorically indicate that a soft roof should or should not be used.
Installation instructions and requirements for it
The instructional steps will help you learn how to install shingles. They must be followed in order to simplify the work process and guarantee high-quality results upon its completion.
Installation of flexible tiles requires strict adherence to instructions due to the complexity of the process and the need for experience, as well as special knowledge in construction industry. At the time of installation, it is necessary to make intervals between the components of the sheathing and observe the optimal linear parameters of the underlying surface.
Minimum permissible slope value when laying flexible tiles with your own hands - 12 degrees, but the underlying surface must be smooth and solid. Humidity indicator building material it is desirable that it does not exceed 20% of its total weight.
Installation of a soft roof includes several sequential operations.
Fastening the base layer and underlayment.
Flooring made of boards or plywood is used as an underlying carpet for a soft roof, protecting the roof from leaking. If the roof slope does not exceed 30%, the lining layer is made continuous. When the degree values of the angles are large, the flooring is attached only in particularly dangerous places - where the cornice is located, the end of the structure.
Installation of the underlying surface start from the bottom of the slope, gradually moving towards the top. The flooring is overlapped with a width of 0.1 m. This allows you to protect the surface from leakage. The fasteners are nails at intervals of 0.2 m and glue. The glue seals the surface, and the nails secure it. After fastening the underlying surface under the tiles, the process of installing a drainage system begins.
Installation of curtain rods.
Installation of eaves overhangs is done so that it is better to secure the gutter for the drainage. Then sheets of steel are laid on them and on the end on top of the underlying layer. The main thing is to overlap with a width of 20 mm. Fixed steel sheets using special nails, nailing them in a zigzag in increments of 0.1 m. In the area for racks, the interval between the fasteners is 3 cm - necessarily thicker than 2 sheets.
Marking.
It is recommended that you first make markings that will guide during installation flexible tiles - the instructions imply this stage primarily for beginners in this matter, but also experienced craftsmen It also doesn’t hurt to have some insurance just in case. It is performed directly on the roof using ordinary chalk.
Due to the small size of the rows, they tend to move to the side during execution construction work. On a large surface this is very noticeable, and then the structure will not be entirely strong if all parameters are not followed exactly.
From bottom to top, preferably closer to the edge, you need to draw a pair of parallel straight lines so that the segment between them is 0.5 m long. In the perpendicular direction from them, straight lines are drawn for rows at intervals of 0.25 m.
Laying soft roofing and fixing it.
Installation of flexible tiles begins from the outermost section of the slope - from the bottom:
By following the instructions, as well as acquiring skills in laying tiles yourself, you can not only save cash on roof installation, but also learn how to do it correctly so that the roof is resistant to deformation and influence climatic factors. All in your hands!
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Soft roofing material combines a whole group of roofs that are similar in installation technology and materials used. At its core, any soft roof is a waterproofing carpet. Such roofs include bitumen shingles, mastic materials (more details: " "), euroroofing felt, polymer membranes.
Do-it-yourself soft tiles
Bituminous shingles are used when the roof slope to the horizon is more than 12 degrees. At smaller slope angles, water will be retained in the joints between individual tiles, which will lead to rapid deterioration of the material.
It is better to install such a roof in the warm season, when the air temperature is 5 degrees or more. This requirement is due to the nature of the material itself. Blocks of tiles - shingles, are attached to the base with nails or a self-adhesive layer of the inner surface. Tightness is ensured due to the influence of direct sun rays, which solder separate sheets between themselves. In the case of negative air temperatures, such an effect can hardly be achieved, and therefore the result will be a not very reliable roof. In addition, at subzero temperatures, bitumen shingles lose their elasticity and become brittle, making it impossible to create curved structures, such as a row of ridge tiles.
How to make a soft roof
Installing a roof is a complex task that includes a number of specific stages.
Preparing the base
Moisture-resistant plywood, OSB board or edged board are used as the foundation on which the soft roof will be laid. It is also allowed to use other building materials with a flat surface and a humidity of no more than 20%. The seams of such cladding must have a certain gap. For plywood and OSB boards, a minimum gap of 2-3 mm is allowed; for edged boards, a gap of 5 mm must be left. This is necessary so that when expanding under the influence of temperature and moisture, the base does not begin to deform. On edged boards, annual rings are centered down.
Ventilation device
This system is designed to ensure proper quality of air circulation, which prevents the formation of condensation on the back side of the base. If you neglect this stage, then soon rafter system may begin to rot, and in winter ice and icicles may form on it.
Roof ventilation includes the following elements:
- vents in eaves overhangs;
- ventilation outlets;
- the gap between the waterproofing and the base is at least 5 mm.
To ensure that the attic is properly ventilated, shingle manufacturers recommend that the vents be distributed evenly along the entire ridge.
Lining layer
The arrangement of a soft roof includes the organization of a lining layer. It is mounted on eaves overhangs, ends and from top to bottom. For roof slopes greater than 18 degrees, you can make a lining layer only in those places where there is the greatest likelihood of leaks. Ridges and valleys are covered with a layer 25 and 50 cm wide, respectively. In this case, the valleys are equipped with a lining layer on both sides.
For roof slopes from 12 to 18 degrees, the lining is placed over the entire roof area, starting from the bottom, moving parallel to the eaves upward. The overlap between the lining strips in longitudinal direction should be equal to 15 cm, transversely - 10 cm. Fix the lining with special nails at a distance of 20 cm from each other. To achieve better tightness of the lining layer, the overlap areas are lubricated bitumen mastic.
Installation of cornice strips
The elements are made of metal. They are attached to the eaves overhangs directly onto the lining. Wooden strips are necessary to protect the edge of the sheathing from rain and wind. Fasteners are produced assembly nails with a wide head at intervals of 100 mm. At the junction of the cornice strips, an overlap of at least 2 cm is made.
Installation of gable strips
As in the previous case, the slats are made of metal. They are laid at the ends of the roof on top of the lining layer. The purpose of these strips is to protect the edges of the sheathing from the ends. Fastening is carried out similarly to the strips on the cornices.
Valley carpet
Necessary for additional protection of the roof from rain and snow. Choose it to match the color of the roof. Fix the carpet with wide-headed nails. The overlap is carefully glued with bitumen mastic.
Installation of cornice tiles
When laying soft tiles, remember that before starting work you must remove the protective film from the back of the tiles. Eaves tiles are placed at a distance of 10-20 mm from the edge of the eaves (more details: " "). In this case, each element of the tile is laid exactly end-to-end.
How to lay soft tiles on slopes
Laying the main part of the roof begins from the middle of the overhang towards the ends, according to. Under normal installation conditions, each tile is secured with four nails, but if the house is located in a region with strong winds or the slope of the roof slopes is steep enough, then it is necessary to use two additional nails in the center of each tile. This method of fastening is recommended by the manufacturers themselves - soft tiles have special perforations for nails.
I install the first row in such a way that its edge is located at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the upper edge of the eaves row of tiles (more details: " "). The joints are covered with “petals”. When laying subsequent rows, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the petals and the level of the previous row coincide. Along the edges of the roof, the tiles are cut and glued with bitumen mastic to a depth of at least 10 cm.
Before starting work, it is necessary to calculate the soft tiles. To do this, horizontal lines are marked along the base with chalk. They are used as a guide when laying rows of tiles. In case of defects in the geometry of the slopes or the presence of different additional elements (dormer windows, chimney and ventilation pipes, etc.) markings will help align the tiles in the correct, even rows.
Installation of ridge tiles
In order for the tiles to be laid on the ridge, they must be cut into three equal parts. Such elements are laid along the ridge with the short side. Each piece of tile is nailed with four nails. The next sheet is placed on the previous one with an overlap of at least 5 cm.
Euroroofing felt - do-it-yourself soft tiles
This rolled material belongs to the fused type category. It can be safely laid on roofs with zero slopes. It is only important to understand how to lay a soft roof correctly. To lay euroroofing felt, it is necessary to properly prepare the base. It must be clean and dry. In addition, the base must meet all requirements fire safety. The basis for laying such a soft roof can be any monolithic ceiling, but at the same time it must be equipped with slopes for water drainage. In addition, roofing felt can also be fused onto oriented strand board. If the roof is laid on old roof, which already has a resin cake, this will only enhance the properties of the new roof.
The prepared base is treated with special bitumen mastic. It is available in the market as a concentrate and in ready-made form. If there is already a layer of resin on the base, then there is no need to use mastic here. When buying it in a store, pay attention to the instructions on the package. It must indicate the time required for the mastic to dry completely. It is strictly forbidden to fuse roofing material before this time, as this negatively affects the quality of the resulting roof. Well, then you can do it following the instructions.
Work always begins from the point on the roof where work is carried out. Due to the fact that the drainage line runs parallel to the slope, water will not get into the joints between the individual strips of roofing material.
Laying euroroofing felt
The roll of roofing material must be unwound in such a way that it does not have folds, that is, absolutely straight. After this, you need to pull it well and fix one edge. To do this, the roofing material is heated with a burner until the indicating film on its surface melts (more details: ""). The edge of the material is glued to the base. After leveling and joining the attachment point, the roll of roofing felt is rolled tightly.
- Do not overheat the material. If you still cannot avoid this, you will have to buy a new roll of roofing felt, since overheating leads to damage to the material and inability to adhere.
- The finished surface is covered with a protective coating. It is important to exclude “bare” spots without protection.
- Strips of roofing material are fused with an overlap of at least 10 cm. For orientation, there is a special line on the strips of material.
Soft roof installation detailed instructions on video:
Particular attention must be paid to the junction of the roofing material to the ventilation ducts and other roof elements. To process such problem areas mastic is used for soft roofing. After drying, it acquires the same protective properties as the euroroofing material itself.
Often, snow is able to penetrate into places where water does not reach, which is why it is so important to properly treat the junctions. If work is carried out on the roof with large slope, then it is imperative to install snow guards (read: " "). In addition, it is necessary to take measures to prevent icing in winter, as well as to properly install drips and drainage systems.
As you can see, the technology for laying roofing felt is slightly different from the process of installing bitumen shingles (more details: " "). But in both cases, upon completion of the work, it is necessary to clean the roof of any debris and foreign objects. If you do not pay due attention to this procedure, the coating may become unusable in places where it comes into contact with foreign objects.
Private construction and the use of soft roofing is a fairly relevant topic. This material has a lot of advantages. Among them are light weight, absolute tightness, visual appeal, the possibility of use on the roof of a wide variety of shapes, long service life useful service and low cost of soft roofing. Moreover, the rain does not drum on such a roof, but rustles quietly. In addition to high performance and technical characteristics, the material allows you to install a soft roof yourself, without involving specialists in the work.
The concept of a soft roof
The soft roof is modern material, the base of which is fiberglass sheets impregnated on both sides with rubber bitumen. Rubber bitumen is highly airtight and moisture resistant, which is why soft roofing has become so widespread in the construction of buildings. Also, soft roofing contains a special coating that increases wear resistance and prevents the roll covering from sticking together.
Soft roofing is considered an ideal covering for roofs with a slope of at least 11 degrees. Therefore, when choosing a material for such strict requirements, be careful. Soft roofing is often called bitumen shingles, which are used as upper layer roofing pie and differs from other materials in its structure, which resembles rolled materials.
Styling tools
Flexible roofing can be laid by 1 person. The only requirement for the roof surface, which we have already mentioned, is a slope of no more than 11º. But the maximum slope angle is not limited. Laying a soft roof with your own hands requires the following materials and tools: a hammer, a knife, mastic, sealant, a mastic trowel, roofing nails, eaves and end strips, waterproofing carpet, ridge-eaves strip and work gloves.
Ventilation device
The ventilation system is able to provide air circulation, which is necessary to prevent condensation from occurring on the lower part of the base. Neglecting this stage when laying soft roofing on the roof will cause the rafter system to begin to rot, and ice and icicles will form in winter.
The constituent elements of the roof ventilation system are ventilation ducts and outlets, gaps between the waterproofing and the base (minimum 5 millimeters). Natural ventilation can be provided by ventilation holes that are distributed evenly under the eaves.
Lining layer
Cornice strips are made of metal and attached to the overhangs of the cornices on a lining. They are required to protect the edges of the sheathing. Gable strips are also made of metal; they are attached to the ends of the roof to protect the edges of the sheathing. The valley carpet provides additional protection of the roof from precipitation. Choose it according to the color of the flexible tiles.
In places where leaks are most likely, you need to create a lining layer: on valleys, roof ends and eaves. A special feature of the installation is compliance with the direction (bottom to top) and overlap: in the longitudinal direction - 150 millimeters, in the transverse direction - 100 millimeters. It is customary to coat the overlap areas with bitumen mastic.
It is customary to reinforce the valleys and ridges by 500 and 250 millimeters, respectively. In this case, the valleys must be equipped with a lining layer on both sides, and along the ends and eaves overhangs it should be laid to a width of at least 400 millimeters.
The lining is nailed to the base with galvanized roofing nails every 200 millimeters. The underlay not only protects the roof from moisture, but also from destruction if the installation of the soft roof is suspended.
Preparatory work
The base to which you will attach the soft roof must be solid. This is precisely why the process of installing a roof made of soft tiles differs from roofs for which other materials are used. For example, metal tiles must be laid on a sheathing in which a gap is allowed between the beams, which is explained by the high rigidity of the metal tiles. A soft roof does not possess these qualities and therefore requires preliminary installation of a solid foundation.
For arranging the base, you can use oriented strand boards, moisture resistant plywood thickness from 9 millimeters, as well as tongue and groove or edged boards. If you have chosen a board as the base, it is recommended to first keep it in a stack until an equilibrium moisture level is reached.
Buy material in winter and use in summer. The width of the boards is no more than 100 millimeters. It is desirable that the material has the same thickness and is sawn to band saw. The maximum moisture content of wood is 20%.
The video about the technology of laying soft roofs shows that such materials need to be laid with the seams shifted - staggered, leaving a gap of 1 centimeter between them. The surface must be dry, clean and smooth. The quality of installation and service life of the soft roof will depend on these conditions.
The roofing pie must have the following layers: waterproofing layer, laid on the rafters; mineral wool insulation if you are planning to install an attic; waterproofing roofing carpet laid overlapping on the base from the outside.
Subtleties of installing a soft roof
To cover a roof with a soft roof with your own hands, in addition to having free time, you also need good weather. It is customary to carry out work in warm, dry weather, and the air temperature should not fall below plus 5 Celsius. If, due to necessity, it is necessary to lay a soft roof in the winter at an inopportune time, the tiles must be kept in a building with room temperature. You can also use a hot air burner.
Choosing one temperature regime is explained by the characteristics of shingles - a sheet consisting of 3-4 “tiles”. It can be attached to the surface with nails or using a self-adhesive layer located on the inside. The tightness of the tiles is ensured by the heat of the sun; under its influence, the sheets are soldered to the base and to each other. This does not happen when sub-zero temperatures, and high-quality insulation does not work.
Soft tiles should be used simultaneously from 5-6 packages and selected one element at a time to avoid sharp differences in shades in case it is necessary to repair the soft roof with elements from another package. It is this property that constitutes another advantage of this material: a slight difference in shades facilitates the process of replacing tiles and decorates its matte surface.
Choice of mastic
To lay the top layer of a soft roof, you should use a bitumen-polymer material, which allows you to create a continuous elastic coating that can withstand temperature and mechanical deformations of the base. According to the technology of laying soft roofs, it is recommended to use cold and hot mastics to attach rolled material to the roof.
Cold mastics are traditionally used for the internal layers of the roof, and the hot substance is used as an external coating. Cold mastics include roofing felt and bitumen, and hot mastics include tar and roofing felt. The mastic used must contain bitumen and a pulverized mixture or fiber filler. Among the dusty materials are lime, gypsum and ash.
Production of bitumen mastic
You can buy bitumen mastic, but you can also make it yourself. To do this, take bitumen, which is close to 80% of mastic, and filler. By taking 2 portions of bitumen and diesel fuel per 1 portion of filler, you will get a cold mixture. The bitumen needs to be heated to 180 degrees while diesel fuel and filler are being prepared elsewhere. Both boilers can be mixed only after the water has evaporated in the bitumen.
To make hot mastic you need to use a boiler. The bitumen in it should be heated to 200 degrees, and filler should be added slowly. It is important that during the procedure the temperature does not drop below 160 degrees.
To check the quality of the mastic, you need to lay it at an angle of 45 degrees, after preheating the mastic to 60 degrees. The video about laying a soft roof shows: if the coating drains, then its quality is poor. If it does not drain, then you should let it dry. When drying out quality material cracks will not appear.
Laying a soft roof
Before direct installation For the roof, run a solution of bitumen and diesel fuel over the wood surface. Then slowly coat with mastic, then lay down glassine and roofing felt. It is customary to start installation from the middle part of the cornice and move towards the ends to the right and left. On the underside of soft tiles, before applying, you need to remove the film that protects the glue.
If you are using cold mastic, then you need to wait 12 hours after applying the layer, only then can you apply a new layer. When covering with hot mastic, you can apply layers one after another. Each roofing element must be nailed in the amount of 4-6 pieces.
When laying rolls according to the instructions for laying soft roofing, make a 7-10 cm overlap. In all cases, it is recommended to follow the overlap rule: place each top row so that the fastening joints of the previous one are covered. The next new layer is shifted depending on their number (with 2 layers - by half, and with 3 - by a third).
Along the edges of the roof, trim off the excess and glue with mastic. Thanks to the properties of modern soft roofing materials, the useful life of the roof covering is about 30 years. But this does not mean that you can forget about preventive measures.
Installation near ventilation pipes
Proper insulation of joints and careful fastening of material require space around antennas and pipes. Installation of a soft roof here is easy provided that passage elements are used. Without such components, the tightness of the coating is compromised. Even before laying the bitumen shingles, you need to outline the places where you will install ventilation and pipes.
Then you need to cut holes around which the edges of the lining carpet will be glued with mastic. Spread the top surface of the carpet along the contours of the elements that need to be glued and nailed. Place the tiles on top of the mastic.
It is recommended to treat the joints between the upper part of the passage element and the bitumen shingles with sealant. Having completed the work to the ridge line, you need to use special ridge elements of flexible tiles, which are bent over it, glued to mastic and nailed.
Soft roof repair
Frequency repair work What needs to be done with the roof of the house depends directly on the base on which you installed the tiles, and on the cost of laying a soft roof. Wood lumber, cement and concrete screed- they all react differently to soft roofing, which causes certain damage.
Cleaning the damaged area
Immediately before starting repairs, determine whether such work is needed at all and to what extent. To do this, assess the extent of damage present. If in roll covering holes have formed, it is recommended to fill them with mastic, observing the sequence of materials used for this.
Repair roll roofing should only be done in a clean area. And this is very problematic, because the roofing material contains a special coating. For this reason, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the area where repair work will be carried out.
Crumbs can be removed by using process oil. Anthracene oil is best suited for cleaning roofing felt, while solar oil is used for roofing felt. Clean with a regular rag or brush. With this treatment, you can remove the coating and soften the surface for further repairs.
Repair work
After preparing the damaged area, you can proceed to the main work. For small defects, you can use regular mastic with a patch. But this solution is not suitable if all roofing layers are broken.
If several layers of the roof are damaged at the same time, it is recommended to clean the area from the old layer of mastic and dirt, and then dry it. After this, you need to prepare a mastic mixture with the addition of sawdust or sand. This mixture should be used to fill all existing damage so as to even out the edges. The mastic should extend at least 10 centimeters on all sides of the patch.
Using hard brushes and brushes, mastic can be applied in the most hard to reach places. If you are working on small area, then it is advisable to use a simple spatula, which allows you to apply thick mastic and mass with sawdust. If a “water bubble” occurs in the roof, repairs must be carried out in the same way as in a situation with a regular hole. The main thing is to determine in time the source where the water comes from.
If cracks appear in the roofing material, it should be cut to the bottom layer. Then clean off excess mastic and debris, after which the area is dried and filled with new mastic. You can do without a cut if the cracks are small. They should be covered with a patch and mastic. If small cracks appear throughout the entire area of the soft roof, it must be prepared and covered with heated mastic.
Restoration of sprinkles
After repairing the soft roof, it is necessary to replace the removed layer of topping in place to avoid unnecessary heating of the material and melting of the mastic. To do this, smooth the surface and cover the roof with sand. Excess coating that does not stick to the roof will be removed over time. However, if you want, you can remove it yourself.
Now you have learned what advantages a soft roof has - tightness, long term use and reasonable price for laying a soft roof. Follow our instructions carefully to install flexible tiles correctly. Use the recommendations regarding the choice of mastic and its preparation. And if minor problems arise during the operation of the roof, re-read the information about repairing soft roofs.
The main elements for ensuring normal temperature and humidity conditions of the roof are vapor barrier and insulation required thickness(depending on the region), windproofing material, ventilated under-roof space.
Shingles with the same color codes and manufacturing dates should be used on the same roof. The shades of bituminous shingles from different batches may vary slightly. To avoid color imbalance, Euromet specialists recommend mixing tiles from several packages before starting installation. To make it easier to separate the shingles from each other, the packaging can be slightly bent and shaken before opening.
If the roofing installation is carried out at temperatures below +5° C, the packages with tiles must be kept in a warm room before installation. The self-adhesive layer of material must be heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
When cutting a soft roof, a special board should be placed under it so as not to damage the bottom covering.
During storage, Shinglas bitumen shingles must be protected from direct sunlight, since under their influence the adhesive layer can sinter with the protective film. Pallets of material cannot be stacked on top of each other.
You shouldn't walk on roofing in sunny and hot weather, marks and stains from shoes may remain on it. It is recommended to move on the roof using special manholes.
Materials used
Shinglas
Flexible tiles SHINGLAS differs from similar products of others Russian manufacturers a wide range of colors and cutting shapes. Currently, there are about 50 products on the domestic market. various models flexible tiles Shinglas.
Underlay carpet TechnoNIKOL
Self-adhesive backing materials:
- ANDEREP ULTRA – self-adhesive underlay carpet increased strength. High reliability of the material is achieved due to a durable polyester base and high-quality bitumen-polymer binder. The top protective layer of the lining carpet is made of fine-grained sand.
- ANDEREP BARRIER is a baseless self-adhesive material. A thick reinforcing film is used as the top protective layer. The absence of a base allows you to maintain integrity waterproofing material in case of base deformation.
Lining materials with mechanical fixation:
- ANDEREP PROF – has a durable polyester base and a non-slip polypropylene top coating. Thanks to special bitumen- polymer mixture the material can “self-heal”, that is, it maintains tightness in places where nails enter.
- ANDEREP GL is a lining material with double-sided protection of the polymer mixture by layers of fine-grained sand.
TechnoNIKOL valley carpet
The TechnoNIKOL valley carpet is a rolled bitumen-polymer material. It is made on the basis of polyester, has a protective coating of coarse-grained basalt granulate. Used as a waterproofing layer in valleys and places that are subject to the greatest loads.
Junction strips, cornice and gable overhangs
Metal elements with a special protective (anti-corrosion) coating.
Roofing nails
Special galvanized nails are used. The diameter of the nail stem is from 3 mm, the head is from 9 mm, length is 25-30 mm.
TechnoNIKOL mastic No. 23 (FIXER)
Bitumen-polymer mastic for gluing flexible tiles and other bitumen-based materials to various surfaces.
Ventilation elements TechnoNIKOL
Elements for equipping the required number of supply and exhaust openings to provide under-roof ventilation.
Terminology
1) Visible part
2) Overlapping part
3) Cutout
4) Self-adhesive strip
5) Tile, tab, petal
1) Gable overhang
2) Cornice overhang
3) Endova
4) Rib, ridge
5) Horse
6) Fracture of the clivus
7) Adjacency
Roofing material consumption
Roof tiles. Each package of Shinglas soft roofing series "Country" and "Jazz" contains a quantity of tiles sufficient to cover 2 m 2 of roofing (including overlaps). In packages of Shinglas flexible tiles - for 3 m 2 of roofing. Calculation of the amount of material should be made taking into account the coefficient, the value of which depends on the complexity of the roof. The waste of bituminous shingles with cutting shapes "Accord", "Sonata", "Dragon Tooth" together with ridge-eaves tiles is up to 5%. For the rest of the tiles, when calculating the amount of material, waste should be taken into account at the level of 10-15% (including consumption for the starting strip, ridges and roof ribs).
Roofing nails. Required amount roofing nails are determined at the rate of approximately 80 g per 1 m 2 of roofing.
TechnoNIKOL mastic No. 23 (FIXER). For the valley carpet, 400 g of mastic per 1 line of space is consumed, for the end parts - 100 g per 1 line of space, for sealing the junctions - about 750 g per 1 line of space. Do not dilute the mastic with solvents and apply it in a thicker layer 1 mm, this can lead to leaks and swelling of the material.Preparing the roofing base for installation
1. Installation of flooring under flexible tiles
Quite strict requirements are imposed on the base for soft tiles. It must be rigid, continuous and even (differences in height of no more than 1-2 mm are allowed). The large-panel flooring is laid with staggered seams; self-tapping screws or rough nails are used to secure it. During installation wood flooring you need to pay attention to the fragments of the annual rings and lay the material so that their bulges face down. If the installation of a base made of OSB-3 or plywood is carried out in the cold season, a gap of 3 mm wide should be left between the sheets. This will avoid deformation of the flooring during thermal expansion of the material in the summer.
Before installing the boardwalk, you must first sort the boards by thickness. They are laid so that the thickness of the base changes gradually. In this case, thicker boards are laid closer to the eaves, and thinner ones are laid near the ridge. The joints of the boards must be located on supports; in these places the boards are fixed with at least 4 nails. If damp wood is used, the boards are secured with 2 screws on each side.
To strengthen the eaves overhang, metal eaves strips are used. These elements protect the roofing material in the eaves area from the effects of precipitation. The eaves strips are attached to the edge of the solid base with roofing nails. The nails are driven in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 12-15 cm from each other. The planks are laid overlapping, the width of the overlaps should be 3-5 cm. In places where there are overlaps, nails are driven in increments of 2-3 cm.
The underlayment carpet is installed over its entire area for any roof slope. In the area of eaves overhangs and valleys, self-adhesive lining material ANDEREP or other similar material is laid. It serves as an additional protective coating in areas of the most likely leaks.
On eaves overhangs, the width of the self-adhesive underlayment should be 60 cm greater than the width of the eaves overhang. The width of the cornice overhang is measured from the plane inside outer wall buildings as shown in the picture. The bottom edge of the carpet should be 2-3 cm above the edge of the cornice strip.
A self-adhesive lining carpet 1 m wide is laid in the valleys (each slope is covered by 50 cm). It is desirable that the carpet be continuous along the entire length of the valley. If two or more sheets are used, they are laid overlapping. The width of the overlaps should be 30 cm, the seams should be carefully taped.
Underlay material with mechanical fixation ANDEREP or other similar material is installed on the remaining surface of the roof. The canvases are laid parallel to the eaves overhang. Installation of the underlay carpet starts from the bottom roof slope and gradually move up towards the ridge. The width of the overlaps in the longitudinal direction should be 10 cm. An exception is organic-based lining materials (for example, BiCARD). For them, when laying on a roof slope with a slope of up to 30°, the width of the overlaps should be 60 cm, and with a slope slope of more than 30° - 10 cm. The overlaps of the sheets in the transverse direction are made 15 cm wide.
The underlay carpet is secured with galvanized nails with wide heads; the nails are driven in at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. Overlapping areas 8-10 cm wide are coated with TechnoNIKOL No. 23 mastic.
Note. When installing with cutting shapes “Accord”, “Sonata”, “Trio”, “Beavertail”, it is allowed to install the lining material only in places where leaks are most likely. It is laid in strips 50 cm wide along the perimeter of the roof (and along eaves overhangs up to 60 cm above the plane of the inner surface of the walls, see figure), 1 m wide in the valleys, 50 cm around the perimeter skylights and 1x1 m around the passage elements. The terms and conditions of the warranty change and become similar to those for products from other manufacturers. Climate in different regions Russia is significantly different, therefore this note does not apply to all regions, but only to the Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District and Northwestern Federal District.
4. Strengthening gable overhangs
To strengthen the gable overhangs, metal end strips are used. They are fixed on top of the lining material with roofing nails in increments of 12-15 cm, the nails are driven in a checkerboard pattern. The end strips are laid with an overlap, the width of the overlaps should be 3-5 cm, in these places the nails are driven in every 2-3 cm. When installing a Shinglas soft roof, the gable strips are coated with mastic and the upper corners of the outer shingles are cut off.
5. Preparing the valley
There are two ways to install Shinglas soft roofing in valleys – open and the “undercut” method. The preparation of the valley depends on which method will be used.
Along the axis of the valley (1) on top of the self-adhesive lining material (2) a TechnoNIKOL valley carpet (3) is laid with a horizontal offset of 2-3 cm. On the bottom side, the valley carpet along the perimeter 10 cm from the edge is coated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic. When using open method valley devices, the valley carpet can be replaced with a metal strip with an anti-corrosion coating. This replacement is appropriate for regions with hot climates. The valley carpet (or metal strip) is secured with roofing nails; they are driven in at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge of the material in increments of 20-25 cm. It is advisable to lay a continuous (without overlaps) valley carpet along the entire length of the valley. If this is not possible, parts of the carpet are laid overlapping. The overlaps are made 30 cm wide; the material in these places must be carefully glued.
Undercut method
When installing a valley using the “cutting” method, there is no need to install a valley carpet.
6. Marking the roof slope
The markings are guide lines that, when laying soft tiles, help to align them vertically and horizontally. This is especially true in the case of incorrect geometry of the roof slope and the presence of any structures embedded in the roof. Vertical lines are applied in increments equal to the width of the shingles of ordinary tiles. 5 rows of material should be placed between the horizontal lines, so they are applied approximately 80 cm from one another. It should be remembered that the markings perform only a guiding function and are not a guide for fixing the bitumen roof.
Before installation, shingles from several packages are mixed or sheets are taken from them one by one.
If Shinglas will be installed at low temperatures (below +5°C), the packaging must be placed in a warm room (+20°C) for at least a day in advance. From there, several packages are served immediately before work begins. The self-adhesive strip on the tiles should be heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
When working on the roof, the material should be cut on a supported board so as not to damage the underlying roof covering.
In sunny and hot weather, you should not walk on the laid roofing, as marks and stains may remain on it. You need to move along the roof using special manholes.
2. Rules for fixing ordinary tiles
Each shingle is secured to the base with galvanized nails with wide heads. The number of fasteners depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. For a slope of up to 45°, each shingle is nailed with four nails; for slopes greater than 45°, with six nails. The nails should be placed evenly and driven in so that the heads do not cut into the surface of the soft roof, but are in the same plane with it (see figure).
The location of fasteners for all forms of Shinglas cutting is shown in the figure. On both sides, shingles are nailed at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge.
3. Starting line
For the starting strip, use universal ridge-eaves tiles or shingles of ordinary soft tiles with cut petals.
Ridge-eaves bitumen shingles are used as a starting strip when laying Shinglas with “Accord” and “Sonata” cutting shapes. It is laid on top of the cornice strips 1-2 cm above their bend (see figure). The width of the indentation from the bend of the eaves strips depends on the slope angle and the length of the roof slope. The longer and steeper the slope, the wider the indentation should be.
When installing flexible Shinglas tiles with cutting shapes “Beaver Tail”, “Trio”, “Accord”, “Sonata”, shingles with cut petals are used for the starting strip. Before laying, their lower side in places where there is no adhesive layer must be coated with TechnoNIKOL mastic. Patterns from ordinary tiles are mounted in the same way as ridge-eaves tiles.
The starting strip for sheets with the “Dragon Tooth” cutting shape is made from ordinary tile shingles; there is no need to cut them. Their installation is carried out similarly to ridge-eaves tiles.
4. Laying the first, second and subsequent rows of tiles
On long roof slopes, it is recommended to start laying the material from the middle of the slope, this will make it easier to level it horizontally. 1-2 cm are retreated from the initial (central) strip and the first shingle is installed (see figure). In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the joint of the shingles of the first row does not coincide with the joint of the elements of the starting strip.
Installation must be done in diagonal stripes (see figure).
Depending on the cutting shape, the soft roof can be laid in diagonal strips, in the form of a pyramid or a vertical strip (see pictures). The shingles of the second row begin to be laid from the middle of the slope, with a horizontal shift in any direction by half a blade relative to the shingles of the first row. In this case, the lower edge of the tabs of the second row of shingles should be located at the level of the upper edge of the cutouts on the shingles of the first row.
The sheets of the third row are mounted offset by half a blade relative to the shingles of the second row in the same direction as when laying the previous row.
It is recommended to coat the outer shingles of ordinary tiles in places where there is no adhesive layer with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic to a width of 10 cm from the edge of the roof. Their upper corners are cut by 2-3 cm for more efficient water removal.
Note: laid with an offset of 15-85 cm relative to the previous row. In this case, there is no need to adhere to a special order, general drawing should turn out abstract (see figure).
In the valley area, ordinary tiles are mounted on top of the valley carpet on two roof slopes (see figure). Each shingle suitable for the valley is additionally secured in the upper part with roofing nails (2) at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley (1). Then, using laces, beat off two lines (3). The ordinary tiles are cut along these lines, having first placed a board under them so as not to damage the valley carpet. The upper corners of the shingles approaching line 3 are trimmed to remove water (4). On the bottom side in places where there is no adhesive layer bitumen roof coat 10 cm from the cutting line with TechnoNIKOL mastic (5).
The width of the valley gutter depends on the location of the building and the size of the water flow from the roof slopes; it can range from 5 to 15 cm. If the building is located among trees (for example, in a forest), then the gutter is made wider to facilitate the removal of leaves. When the water flow from the slopes is significantly different, to prevent water from washing away the roofing material, the valley gutter is shifted towards a smaller water flow.
Undercut method
When installing a valley using the “cutting” method, first the shingles and levels are laid on a slope that has a smaller slope angle (see figure). In this case, sheets of ordinary tiles must extend onto the steeper slope by at least 30 cm. In the upper part, each shingle is additionally secured with roofing nails (2) at a distance of at least 30 cm from the axis of the valley (1). When the slope with a smaller slope is completely covered, tiles are laid on the second slope. On a steeper roof slope, at a distance of 7-8 cm from the valley axis, mark a line (3). Along this line, sheets approaching the valley from a steeper slope are cut (it is recommended to adjust a board under it so as not to damage the underlying material). The upper corners of the outer shingles are cut to remove water (4). On the bottom side, in places where there is no adhesive layer, these shingles are coated to a width of 10 cm with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic (5).
6. Arrangement of ribs of slopes and skates
Method No. 1
When applying this method, ridge-eaves tiles are used. It is first divided into three parts by perforation. Ridge-eaves tiles are used when installing “Accord”, “Sonata”, “Dragon Tooth”.
Edge. The shingles facing the edge are cut so that there is a gap of 0.5 cm wide between the tiles from adjacent slopes. Using laces, two approximate lines are beaten along the edge. Lay flexible tiles on the edge in the direction from bottom to top. The elements are mounted with an overlap, the overlaps should be 3-5 cm wide. The Euromet company recommends securing each shingle with four nails (2 on each side) so that the top one covers the fasteners of the underlying one.
Horse. The soft roofing on the ridge begins to be laid on the side opposite to the direction of the prevailing winds in the area. Its installation is carried out similarly to the installation of tiles on the edges of the roof.
Method No. 2
When using Shinglas flexible tiles with cutting shapes “Trio”, “Sonata”, “Dragon Tooth”, “Beaver Tail”, elements for covering the ridge and ribs can be cut from shingles of ordinary tiles. For the “Sonata” cutting shape, its upper part will be visible, and the lower part will be closed (see figure)
On the underside, in places where there is no adhesive layer, the elements are coated with TechnoNIKOL mastic before installation. Covering the ridges and ribs with patterns from ordinary tiles is carried out in the same way as with ridge-eaves tiles.
Important: When installing soft roofing Shinglas series " ", " ", " ", " " in conditions of low (up to +5°C) temperatures, it is recommended to bend the elements to warm pipe about 10 cm in diameter. This will prevent them from cracking.
7. Installation of SHINGLAS flexible tiles on curved surfaces (domes, cones)
On the roofs non-standard shape Shinglas flexible tiles can be laid in two ways - segmental and seamless. When using any of them, an underlayment must first be laid.
Installation of Shinglas on a dome or conical surface segmental method involves dividing it into segments. The size of the segments depends on the size and shape of the surface to be covered. The lines are broken off using laces. Row tiles are mounted on each segment, and ridge tiles are installed at the joints between them (similar to the ridge and ribs of the roof). The width of the ridge tiles must also correspond to the dimensions of the surface to be covered.
1) Metal tip (installed after installing the shingles);
2) vertical trim lines (slope marking);
3) a whole petal of tiles;
4) 1/2 petal of tile;
5) ANDEREP underlay carpet.
When laying tiles using the seamless method, special attention must be paid to marking the surface (see figure). First, marks are made on its base with chalk in increments equal to half the petal of the tile used. Lines are drawn from these marks on the backing carpet (5) to the top of the surface to be covered (the lines are connected at the top). Ordinary tiles are cut into individual petals, and the first row is assembled from them. The next row is shifted by half a petal relative to the previous row. The material for it is cut in accordance with the marked marking lines (2). When the width of the trimmed elements becomes half the original (4), whole tile petals (3) begin to be used again for the next row. In this order, the roof is laid to the top of the surface. The top is decorated with a metal tip (1).
8. Connection device
For a smoother bending of materials, a rail is nailed at the junction of the wall and the roof slope. triangular shape(see picture). It can be made from diagonally cut wooden beam with a cross section of 50x50 mm or use an ordinary wooden baseboard. If the wall adjacent to the roof is brick, it is pre-plastered and primed. The matching shingles of ordinary tiles are placed onto the nailed strip. Strips with a width of at least 50 cm are cut out of the TechnoNIKOL valley carpet. On the bottom side, they are treated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic over the entire surface and laid on top of the tiles. The valley carpet strips are positioned so that they extend onto the wall by at least 30 cm (and in regions with heavy snow loads even higher). The upper edge of the junction material is inserted into the groove and pressed with a metal apron. The structure is secured mechanically and sealed using polyurethane, thiokol or silicone sealant.
The method of sealing the junction of the roofing with ventilation pipes and chimneys is shown in the figure. From a valley carpet or metal sheet Patterns are made with an anti-corrosion coating, they are cut and bent in the indicated places. First, install the face pattern on top of the regular shingles that fit the pipe. Then the side and lastly the back patterns are laid. They are placed under shingles of material. A gutter 80 mm wide is made on the back and sides. The upper corners of the soft roof shingles that fit the pipe are cut to allow water to drain away. The underside of these shingles, in places where there is no adhesive layer, is coated with TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic to a width of 10 cm.
If the cross-section of the pipe is larger than 50x50 cm, and it is located across the roof slope, a groove is made behind the pipe (see figure). This will prevent excessive snow accumulation behind the pipe.
If the bottom of the roof slope is adjacent to the wall, a metal storm barrier is installed at the end of it (see figure).
9. Pass-through elements
For sealing places where communication pipes, antennas, etc. pass through the roof. use special passage elements (see figure). The passage element is secured mechanically (with nail connections). The shingles of ordinary bitumen tiles are laid on it, they are cut and fixed to the flange with TechnoNIKOL No. 23 FIXER mastic. A suitable roof outlet is then installed on the penetration element.
TechnoNIKOL roof ventilation elements are available in non-insulated and insulated types (see figure). They are part of room ventilation and sewerage systems. The use of polyurethane-insulated ventilation outlets is advisable in areas with long, frosty winters, since condensation does not freeze inside them. It is not recommended to install caps on sewer roof outlets, as condensation accumulates in them. If it freezes, it will prevent normal ventilation.
For a more aesthetically pleasing appearance of the roof outlet, you can install a cap on it without internal cuts (see figure). In addition to its decorative function, it helps prevent precipitation and leaves from entering the pipe.
Roof care
- In spring and autumn, it is necessary to inspect the roof to check its condition and timely identify defects.
- It is recommended to remove leaves and small debris from the roofing with a soft-bristled brush. Do not use sharp tools, as this may damage the tiles.
- Objects with sharp edges are removed from the roof by hand.
- Drains, gutters and pipes should be checked periodically and, if necessary, cleared of debris.
- If a large amount of snow accumulates on the roof, it is removed layer by layer with a non-sharp shovel. At the same time, a layer of snow approximately 10 cm thick is left to protect the roofing.
- From time to time, Euromet specialists recommend checking the condition (and, if necessary, repairing) metal parts, mounting holes, openings and other elements located on the roof.
Roof repair from flexible Shinglas tiles
SHINGLAS bituminous shingles are a repairable roofing material. If there are minor defects in the roofing covering, it local repair can be done independently. It is important to identify and, if possible, eliminate the causes of material damage. This could be, for example, installation errors, abrasions from nearby tree branches, the presence of depressions in which water stagnates, etc.
Repair procedure:
- Eliminating the cause of damage to the roofing.
- Dismantling damaged material.
- Laying new roofing material. The joints between the new upholstery and the main coating are heated using a heat (construction) hair dryer.
Any owner of his own home wants his roof to be reliable and inexpensive. By doing the installation work yourself, you can save a lot. In order to end up with high-quality housing, it is necessary to use the technology of laying bitumen shingles. When choosing a soft covering, you need to lay it correctly. Only high-quality styling Using flexible tiles with your own hands will allow the roofing covering not to deteriorate for many years. At the end of the article, a video of the technology for laying flexible tiles will be presented.
The technology for laying soft tiles has some nuances that should not be forgotten. To understand some aspects of installing tiles, it is necessary to study this roofing material.
Advantages of flexible tiles
This base has the main advantages - it is light weight and low cost. The lightness of soft tiles allows you to make the foundation and house not very massive, thanks to this there is a saving on building materials and labor costs. Inexpensive cost roofing material allows it to compete with heavy types of roofing.
Other advantages:
- High frost resistance.
- Resistant to strong winds.
- Good tolerance to sudden temperature changes.
- High heat resistance.
- Consistency of color over time.
- Resistant to a variety of precipitation.
Preparation before laying flexible tiles
For the base for the tiles use:
Planed boards are used, and best of all, tongue and groove. They are laid in such a way that the joints hit the supports, spanning two spans. The boards should have a gap of five millimeters. It is necessary because wood can expand due to changes in temperature and moisture.
If plywood is used, the rafters must have such a distance that plywood sheets fell on the rafters. Ready the base must be level and rigid.
In addition, for installation you will need:
- Underlay carpet. Any bituminous material can be used for a new roof. If the roof is old, then use previously laid roofing material.
- Valley carpet. It is used for waterproofing junctions with ventilation pipes and walls.
Using necessary materials and tools, start preparatory work before laying flexible tiles.
First, a vapor barrier film is attached to the inside of the roof. It is nailed to the edges of the rafters, and attached to the ends with wooden planks. The film strips are secured with tape.
From the outside insulation is being laid. To fix it to the rafters, wooden blocks are used. A windproof film is placed on top of the insulation. It is secured with a counter beam. The sheathing is subsequently nailed to it. Then boards, plywood or OSB are laid, secured with self-tapping screws.
Do-it-yourself installation of soft tiles takes place in accordance with temperature restrictions. This is necessary due to the structure of the material. Very firmly flexible tiles are connected to each other at high temperature, which is achieved due to the sultry sun. At low temperatures, it may fall off the base to which it is glued. In cold weather, you can use a hair dryer to heat sheets of material. Sometimes the attic space is heated.
First, they spread it around the entire perimeter of the roof. underlay carpet, nailing him by:
- Along the cornice.
- In the valleys.
- Along the front overhang.
- On the ridge.
- In places where the roof slope is broken.
If the roof has a slope of more than 20 degrees, then the entire area is covered with lining carpet. Start from the bottom, spreading the carpet perpendicular to the sheathing. You need to nail it overlapping to a width of 15 centimeters with a fixation step of 20 centimeters. All connections are sealed with sealant or bitumen mastic. Nailed on top of the carpet cornice strip, protecting the sheathing from moisture. If the cornice strip cannot be nailed, then the cornice strip is wrapped under the sheathing and nailed in increments of 5 centimeters.
Then to the gable nail the end strips. To connect them better, you need to trim the edges with scissors and finally secure them. In the same way, the slats are adjusted on the ridge. They protect wooden sheathing and drain water from the ridge down.
Strips of ridge-eaves bitumen shingles are placed on top of the nailed eaves overhang strip. They are nailed, retreating from the edge 2.5 centimeters, joint to joint. These places are coated with bitumen mastic. Then the brackets, which are intended for gutters, are attached.
The valley carpet is applied as a second layer on top of the main one. Spread it in places where moisture can accumulate, in niches, at junctions. It is fixed with galvanized nails, and the edges are coated with mastic.
The most important stage of installation comes - laying flexible tiles with your own hands. Start laying from the central part of the slope. After removing it protective film, it is pressed firmly to the base. It is nailed along the top with four nails. The bitumen shingles are retreated from the strip of ridge-eaves by five centimeters. In this case, the perforation of the ridge-eaves strip must be completely covered with the petals of the glued tiles. It is trimmed along the edges of the pediment line and glued with mastic.
An important point in installation is the intersection with the ventilation and chimney. The base of the ventilation must be treated with mastic. Then a hole the size of the given size is cut out in the tile. ventilation device. After laying soft tiles, it the base is coated with bitumen mastic.
With a chimney everything is much more complicated. In the place where it is adjacent to the roof, three slats are nailed in the shape of a triangle, so that the right angle is at the base of the pipe. Then a lining carpet is nailed around the pipe, and the overlaps are coated with bitumen mastic. After this, the roofing material is laid so that its upper edge rests on the batten and rests against the pipe. A valley carpet is installed on top of the tiles. The sheets are partially glued and nailed to the roof, and the rest is lifted onto the pipe and glued with bitumen mastic. Upper part The carpet on the pipe is covered with an apron, and the seams are coated with sealant.
Below is Video instruction.
Final installation of soft tiles
The tiles are laid out row by row up to the ridge. Installation is carried out in such a way that all the petals of the material are located at the same level and cover the nails. The ridge is covered with ridge-eaves flexible tiles. To do this, it is divided and torn along the perforations. Remove the film from the adhesive side and put on the ridge, bending in the middle so that the short side of the tile is parallel to the ridge. Using nails, the tile is nailed to the side hidden under the next tile. You need to drive the nails in this way: two on one side of the ridge, two on the other. Many people install a ridge aerator on the ridge, which creates additional ventilation in the attic.
Thus, if you correctly follow the technology for laying flexible tiles, then such a roof can last a very long time. To prevent it from becoming overgrown with moss, it must be cleaned and washed with antiseptic agents every 5 years, and also monitor its condition. ventilation holes. Do you want to know how to install flexible tiles? The video below will help you.
