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Electric boiler for heating of electrode type. Electrode boilers: operating principle, pros and cons, installation tips. Boilers of the Galan company

An ion or, as it is also called, electric electrode boiler is a direct-flow water heater that can quickly and efficiently heat liquid. The device is used mainly in dachas or country houses, since it is easy to install and permission for use is not required. The only significant drawback is that it is quite expensive to operate as the main method of heating in an apartment.

Instead of a heating element or coil in an ion boiler, electrodes act as heating elements. They have good efficiency and do not consume too much electricity compared to other electric heating devices. The design of the device is quite simple, so you can assemble it yourself.

Operating principle of an electrode boiler

As can be seen in the figure, when the polarity of the current changes, the direction of movement of salt ions in water also changes. In this case, the electrode and the device body are used as contacts.

The operating principle of such a device is based on the electrolysis process, that is The role of the heating element is played by the water itself. However, there is one condition: for water to begin to conduct current through itself, the presence of salts is necessary. The more impurities in a liquid, the better it will conduct current. Charged particles of impurities or ions under the influence of electricity begin to move from contact to contact (electrodes). Since the current in a conventional electrical network is variable and its frequency is 50 Hz, the ions change their direction from electrode to electrode 50 times per second.

The home network has a constant voltage of 220 V, hence, based on Ohm's law, as the resistance decreases, the current increases. But water is still not a good conductor, unlike metals such as aluminum or copper, so as the current increases, it begins to heat up. Thanks to this, the efficiency of electrode boilers is close to 100%.

IMPORTANT! The power of the water heater directly depends on the amount of impurities in the water. The more salts, the more powerful the boiler.

This simple diagram clearly shows the simplicity of the electrode boiler design.

As a rule, a standard boiler is cylindrical in shape. An electrode, also cylindrical in shape, is installed inside the latter. In this case, the first contact in the device is the electrode, and the second is the housing itself. Based on this, there is a need to ground the water heater, since current can flow through its body.

If you decide to buy an electrode heating boiler, the problem of grounding disappears. Most factory models have a body coated with polyamide. The latter plays the role of an insulator. Also pay attention to the size of the water heater. Usually this is a small cylinder with a height of up to 600 mm and a diameter of up to 300-400 mm. Such boilers can develop a power of up to 6 kW, which is quite enough to power the average house or apartment.

Advantages and disadvantages of electrode heating boilers

We will compare electrode models only with other electric water heaters. Gas boilers will not be taken into account, which, of course, are much cheaper to operate, but require obtaining permitting documents on their use, availability of project, gas and other special conditions.

So, ion boilers can stand out among their analogues in the following ways:

Electrode boilers are the smallest heating elements. Which does not affect their performance at all.

• they are compact, have a simple design, so they are well suited for use in dachas or private homes;
• the devices are not afraid of voltage surges, since the latter only affects the power of the boiler, but not its operation;
• ion water heaters quickly heat up and cool down, so it is convenient to use any automated room temperature control systems with them;
• they are safe because even in the absence of water, the device will not deteriorate or cause a fire or short circuit, it simply will not work (there will be no closed circuit);
• they have excellent efficiency, reaching 98%.

Disadvantages of electrode water heaters:

• knowledge in electrical engineering is needed not only to build a boiler, but also to calculate the parameters of the liquid, its electrical conductivity and the amount of impurities;
• for the device to operate regular one will do water, for example, from any heating system, since such a liquid contains many free ions;
• Air should not be allowed to enter the boiler, as this will accelerate the process of metal corrosion, thereby reducing the service life of the water heater;
• you need to monitor the temperature of the water in the boiler, since if it exceeds 75 degrees, this will significantly increase energy costs;
• when installing the device, it must be grounded, especially for homemade devices;
• The power of the water heater directly depends on the coolant; high-quality and correctly made liquid can increase the power of the device and vice versa;
• they operate on AC power only.

You can use your electrode boiler as an instantaneous water heater by simply connecting it to the water supply system.

In addition, it is worth mentioning several features of the ion water heater:

• it can be used as a regular instantaneous water heater, and not just as a boiler;
• ease of assembly and installation, ease of repair have a positive effect on its popularity;
• very cheap, even if you buy a factory version rather than making it yourself;
• silent, has no effect on environment or human, does not emit toxins or harmful substances, so it can be installed anywhere.

No matter how good an ion boiler is, it is still not a worthy replacement for gas analogues. If it is possible to install gas equipment, of course, choose the latter.

Installation and operation of electrode water heaters

Although installing a heating system with an ion boiler is quite simple, you must first learn a few mandatory rules, without which the system will either not work at all, or will become unsafe and short-lived.

Mandatory requirements:

• equip the system with a pressure gauge that will help monitor the pressure in the boiler and pipes;
• be sure to install a safety valve so that the latter releases excess steam;
• it is worth installing automatic air vents;
• take care of the installation of shut-off valves, which must be located after the expansion tank.

The layout of a heating system using an electrode boiler is quite simple. The main thing is to install all its required elements. Namely: air vent and check valves, pressure gauge, drain and safety valves.

The boiler itself must be mounted strictly vertically, since water, when heated, turns into steam and tends upward. Cold liquid is supplied from below. The device must have a separate mount and not hang on pipes. Also don't install plastic pipes directly at the boiler outlet. The first 1.5 meters of the pipe must be metal. The rest of the heating system can be made of metal-plastic pipes.

Before starting the heating system with an ion boiler, it must be completely rinsed with special products. This way you will significantly increase the efficiency and durability of the entire system.

Another important issue is grounding. It must be made of wire with a diameter of 4 mm and having a resistance of no more than 4 ohms. The grounding must be connected to the zero terminal located at the bottom of the water heater.

Particular attention should be paid to the volume of the heating system. Follow a simple rule: for 1 kW of boiler power, the largest displacement is 8 liters. It is easy to calculate that for a power of, for example, 5 kW, the maximum permissible displacement will be 40 liters.

Volume calculation is an important component. If the calculation is incorrect, the efficiency of the device will decrease. The boiler will work harder, which means increased energy consumption and heater wear.

Aluminum radiators are the best choice for private houses with an electrode heating boiler.

For electrode devices regular ones don't fit cast iron radiators, since in their composition they contain a larger amount of impurities that affect the electrical conductivity of the liquid. Here the best choice would be aluminum or bimetallic batteries. It is better to choose those that have the smallest volume to reduce energy costs.

DIY electrode boiler

As mentioned earlier, an ion water heater has a relatively simple design, so you can make it yourself. Is it worth doing this, because you can buy a ready-made model in the store, although you will overpay a little.

So for self-made you need to buy or find in the bins the following materials and tools:

• tee and coupling;
• insulating materials;
• terminals for connecting the boiler to the electrical network and grounding;
• one or more (optional) electrodes;
• steel pipe large diameter(for the device body);
• welding machine;
• set of keys;
• gas key;
• valves, check and air valves, pressure gauge.

Take a large diameter pipe (about 100 mm) and preferably 250 mm long. Using a tee, you need to insert an electrode into it. Water will flow through the same tee. On the other side of the pipe, you need to install a coupling through which the already heated liquid will flow into the heating system.

IMPORTANT! The so-called zero coming from the socket must be installed on the pipe, and not the electrode. The phase is connected to the last one.

The process of assembling an electrode boiler is quite simple, the main thing is that the system is sealed and the electrode does not touch other metal parts.

When installing an electrode on a tee, install an insulator (for example, plastic) between them. Do not forget that the device must be sealed. If you want to connect a pipe and a tee to each other threaded connection, then you will have to order it from a turning workshop.

Weld a bolt onto the pipe and install a terminal on it to secure the future grounding. Install a coupling on top and weld a metal pipe (as mentioned earlier with a length of 1.2-1.5 meters), after which you can cover the entire structure with a decorative casing.

How to install an ion boiler

Most often, a gas or solid fuel boiler is used to heat a private home. If none of the options suits you, choose ion heating boilers. Specifications This type of boiler will pleasantly surprise you, because this device works thanks to a special method of heating water in the heating system.

Technical characteristics of the ion boiler

During operation, water ions move in chaos between the anode and cathode located inside the boiler. The current generated between them helps accelerate the ions and thus heats the coolant. Cathodes and anodes are made from a special durable material that does not rust.

The housing is made hermetically sealed to avoid a breakthrough if the system is connected incorrectly. The complete set of the heating device consists of a heating element, a relay protecting the boiler and a special thermostat that allows you to regulate the temperature.

The ion boiler allows you to install several closed heating systems in one room. This heating device is compact and can be mounted in any more suitable place. The efficiency of such a boiler is almost 100 percent.

Installing a cathode and anode in the system allows energy losses to be reduced to zero. At 20 square meters It consumes about one kilowatt per hour. During boiler operation, the water in the system heats up much faster compared to other types of boilers. The low start-up inertia allows the coolant in the radiators to be heated to the required level in a short period of time. In addition, the boiler has increased protection against power surges. If there is no coolant in the heating system, the boiler does not fail.

Installation of an ion heating boiler

The area, that is, 48, is multiplied by the height from floor to ceiling, that is, by 2.6. From this it is calculated that to warm up one meter it will be 0.025 kilowatts. A boiler with a power of 3 kilowatts is enough to heat the entire room.

1. To shut off the coolant in case of system failure or replacement of the coolant, a ball valve is installed.
2. To ensure uniform running and distribution of water across the batteries, a circulating pump is installed.
3. The filter cleans the incoming coolant into the boiler from scale and rust.
4. A drain valve is mounted on the return pipe at the bottom to remove water from the system.
5. An expansion tank is required to collect the resulting excess water when it heats up in the system.
6. The automatic module for turning on the boiler starts the boiler with the specified parameters.
7. After this, the air intake is installed.

For an ion boiler to operate in the correct mode, water must have a certain density. When replacing any boiler with an ion one, you first need to drain the system old water and fill in a new one. In addition, an inhibitor is added to it. Distilled water is taken for the heating system.

To connect the boiler to the heating system, steel pipes without galvanization are used. After 120 centimeters from the boiler, the pipeline can be made of a different material.

An ion boiler allows you to quickly and efficiently heat a room, so read carefully technical characteristics. Ionic boiler you can install it yourself if you do the calculations correctly and follow the step-by-step instructions.

Ion heating boilers: technical characteristics

Thinking about which heating boiler to choose? Evaluate the benefits of ion heating boilers for your home. Watch the video and find out the unique features of this...

Ionic heating boilers

In places where there is no access to a central heating system, electric boilers are often used. They work on the principle of converting electrical energy into heat using a coolant (water or antifreeze) moving along pipeline system. One type of electrical equipment is ion heating boilers. Let's look at everything in more detail.

Initially, all electric boilers, according to the method of connecting to the network, are divided into: single-phase (220V) and three-phase (380V). They also come in single-circuit (capable of providing only room heating) and double-circuit (with the ability to additionally heat water for household use).

According to manufacturing technology, they are divided into three types:

• Electric boilers with heating element (heating element)
• Induction boilers
• Electrode (ion) boilers

Electric ion boilers

Such boilers operate on the principle of heating water (coolant) using the ionization method. This process happens as follows:

When the boiler is turned on, water molecules are separated into positive and negative ions, which oscillate between two electrodes (anode and cathode). During this process, it is produced thermal energy. It is immediately transferred to the coolant, which distributes it throughout the heating system.

Such units are used as an autonomous heating system. They differ from boilers with heating elements small in size, as well as a block of electrodes, which has high performance and efficiency. Additionally add to the water, which plays the role of a coolant. table salt. This is necessary to increase the electrical resistance of water. To avoid metal corrosion or scale formation, antifreeze designed specifically for ion boilers is poured into the system instead of water.

Electrode boilers were initially used only for military purposes to heat submarines or warships. After which, slightly changing the design, the developers began to produce boilers for domestic or industrial use.

For example, a Galan brand boiler is produced in accordance with all established standards of military equipment, since manufacturers specialize in the manufacture of devices for submarines and ships.

Ion boiler "Galan"

For domestic use, Galan brand boilers are produced in the “Ochag” series, which has several models:

« Hearth2» – intended for heating a room of no more than 80 m3. The power consumption of the unit is 2 kW. The boiler operates from 220 V. With normal thermal insulation of the room, electricity consumption fluctuates within 0.5 kW/hour. The recommended amount of coolant fluid varies between 20-40 liters.

« Outbreak 3"- Can warm up a room with a volume of 120 m3. The boiler power is 3 kW. Energy consumption is within 0.75 kW/hour. Liquids to warm up the system require from 25 to 50 liters.

« Hearth 5"- used in rooms with a volume of no more than 180 m3. The boiler has a power of 5 kW. Consumes about 1.25 kW/hour. The coolant volume varies between 30-60 liters.

“Hearth 6” is capable of heating 200m3. Power consumption is 6 kW, and consumption is 1.5 kW/hour. Recommended from 35 to 70 l. coolant.

Only the specially developed liquid “Potok” can be poured into the Galan boiler system, which prevents pipe corrosion.

Ionic boiler "Coterm"

The Coterm brand boiler for domestic use is produced in the Summer Resident series, which is characterized by high efficiency (98%).

The most popular model of this series is “Coterm m-1”. This unit is used to heat a room with a volume of no more than 200 m3.

The Coterm ion heating boiler is capable of operating in three power modes: 1.2 kW-1.7 kW -3.5 kW. The unit weighs 7 kg.

The coolant volume should not exceed 45 liters. Average electricity consumption varies within 1.5 kW/hour.

Anode (ionic) heating boilers

Energy-saving technologies remain a priority in all areas. They show the greatest efficiency in the field of heating. This approach is associated with a constant rise in fuel costs. Equipment manufacturers offer various options heating devices. One of them is anode heating boilers.

Design features

In order to understand what we are talking about, let us recall the student and/or military background of many of those who are now reading this article. We are talking about a method of boiling water, for which some used a boiler, while others used a simple homemade design. These are two blades, fixed at a short distance from each other and connected by a 220V power cord. When this “boiler” was placed in water, heating occurred literally within 2-3 seconds and violent boiling began. This is precisely the principle on which an anode heating boiler works.

A homemade boiler is an analogue of a modern ion boiler

Please note that conducting experiments with heating water is dangerous to life and health. On the one hand, a short circuit may occur, on the other hand, a person runs the risk of electrical injury (electric shock).

The convenience of using such devices lies in the fact that it is possible to install electrode heating boilers in parallel into an existing heating system that works, for example, with a gas boiler. The coolant in both cases remains the same. But manufacturing companies produce not quite standard heaters, in which water is simultaneously used as both a coolant and a heating element.

The main elements of the module are:

• steel tube;
• inlet/outlet pipes;
• terminal for connecting wiring;
• heating electrodes;
• high quality insulation.

Cathode heating boilers outside have a powerful steel body. The walls are made of sheet metal up to 4 mm thick. Several electrodes up to 20 mm are located inside the household structure. They are made of a refractory alloy having long term operation.

Modern electrode ion boilers do not have an intermediary material between the anode and cathode. Heating from both terminals occurs directly from the coolant itself, water. Accordingly, there is practically nothing to “burn out” inside the cavity. Appearing after long-term operation scale on tubes in electric electrode boilers is cleaned off with ordinary sandpaper.

Difference from heating elements

The individual characteristics endowed with electrode heating boilers allow them to be distinguished from heating elements:

• in heating elements, at the initial stage of start-up, the working tubes are heated, and electrode boilers, made by hand or purchased in a specialized store, begin to heat the water immediately after start, which reduces inertia;
• ion heating boilers have positive reviews, as they are 20-0% more economical than devices with heating elements;
• thanks to alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, the electrodes move between the terminals and create a chaotic movement that promotes heating; this feature reduces the starting current for the electrode heating boiler, reducing the load on the electrical network

The anode and cathode change places at a speed of 50 r/sec

• A do-it-yourself electrode boiler made or produced at a factory has smaller overall parameters than other household analogues.

Such features ensure significant distribution of this heating system.

Positive performance characteristics

Homeowners do not have to completely give up gas if the premises already have wiring from radiators and mains installed. Often such ion heating boilers play a duplicate role in ready-made systems. Although, if the cost of gas rises faster, then they can be used as the main source of heating.

Their positive properties include:

• high degree of reliability;
• temperature is controlled automatically;
• real efficiency reaches 99%;
• installation additional equipment may not be carried out;
• startup and operation in systems designed to operate on gas;
• increased efficiency.

An electric electrode boiler operates exclusively on alternating current. Switching to constant voltage is not allowed.

Thanks to the built-in automation, the exposed optimal temperature held for a specified time. Promote economical use You can program the system to lower the temperature on weekdays, when no one is home, and raise it in the evening, as well as on weekends.

According to reviews, electrode boilers have a good emergency shutdown system. If a possible coolant leak is detected, the device will automatically turn off. Also, short circuits do not occur in these heating devices.

The coolant for such equipment can be purchased directly from the manufacturer, who will provide the appropriate quality composition.

Disadvantages of the system

In addition to the advantages, each system has its disadvantages. Ion electrode boilers have the following disadvantages:

• increased requirements for electrolytic water quality;
• it is necessary to carry out mandatory grounding of the device in order to reduce possible risks of working with an electrical device;
• it is advisable to maintain the water temperature in the system no higher than 70-75 0 C in order to reduce energy consumption;
• the cathode and anode need periodic descaling to ensure greater efficiency for the ionization process;
• the system requires mandatory coolant circulation, so a water pump must be installed in it.

Voltage drops are not dangerous for the boiler itself, but they are necessary for the accompanying automation. A UPS or, at a minimum, a surge protector will help you avoid damage from an unstable network.

Rules for safe operation

The optimal water temperature for operation is 50-75 0 C. This information is indicated in the device passport. In closed and open systems, expansion tanks must be used.

Exit from the boiler to the expansion tank in open system must not have any shut-off valves.

Do-it-yourself installation of an electrode boiler into the system must be accompanied by the installation of an automatic air valve, a pressure gauge for measuring the operating pressure and an explosion safety valve at the highest point of the system.

It is possible to install it in the heating circuit as an additional heating source, but in this case it is necessary to bring the quality and type of coolant into proper condition.

Not all radiators can work with ion boilers, and the quality of the coolant is suitable for some. With very big reservations, cast iron radiators can be used.

When installing, one and a half meters of supply pipes to the boiler must be made of non-galvanized metal. After this section, the use of metal-plastic is allowed.

Grounding according to PUE standards is mandatory. The cable should have a cross-section of 4-6 mm. Minimum electrical resistance it must be no higher than 4 ohms.

If possible, the entire system of pipelines and consumers must be flushed before installation. clean water. It is allowed to use special chemicals, helping to clean highways.

After the coolant has been used up, it must be properly disposed of. It is not allowed to pour it into sewers, water bodies or into the ground.

When making calculations, they are guided by the following parameter: 8 liters of coolant must correspond to 1 kW. To operate in the 10 l per 1 kW mode, the device will be turned on almost constantly, which may negatively affect its performance properties.

VIDEO: Heating a private house. Electrode boilers

Anode (ionic) heating boilers: negative and positive reviews, advice on choosing

Anode heating boilers are still a rare phenomenon in our lives, but they are extremely effective. What is it and where can it be used.

Ionic boilers. Cons.

Question, a client came and wants to install an ion boiler, he asks what the trick is, and I’ve been playing on the plumbing stage for 10 years (that is, working), but I’ve only seen these boilers from afar at exhibition stands.

Please. Need information, especially the cons.

I need cons. only They!

1. An ion boiler is a domesticated product similar to a “student’s boiler” (two blades, 2 matches between them, all connected with a thread)
2. It does not have fantastic efficiency. The calculated power is still 100 W/sq.m
3. For normal functioning This unit must be filled with a special electrolyte, which is recommended to be changed every 2 years (I heard the price is 2 euros/liter).
4. Of my friends who fell for the advertisement, they changed everything a year later to ordinary heating element boilers. (3 pcs)
5. Grounding is MANDATORY.

Elden! fellow countryman, thank you.

Happy to help

1. The power when warming up is high (equal to the installed one), then gradually decreases.

Although the manufacturer declares a decrease in power as the temperature rises.

A couple of times, they installed and “launched” Galan in their own brine! I observed a different picture: the higher the temperature, the greater the current. Although the manufacturer declares a decrease in power as the temperature rises.

Chesslovo saw how the current was decreasing. But that was 5 years ago. then it was “a product of declassified defense technologies.”

apparently this means that when heating, the thermostat will turn on and the heater will operate cyclically (on - off), accordingly, energy consumption will be less

Here you go. And in the advertisement it is written in BIG letters that electricity consumption is from 0.5 kW, and then in small, small letters it is written the average daily. And people behave. Apparently not everyone is friendly with “arihmetic” and calculating that 0.5 kW/hour is 360 kW/hour per month + the pump will add at least 34 kW/hour per month (45 W around the clock). And this is all without taking into account heat loss.

Well, people don’t know that the beast “FREE” is not found in our latitudes

For example, I am engaged in the sale of KULON boilers (respectively ionic), many have already been sold, installed in 2 years - not a single return. The clients are satisfied with everything.

These boilers are a total waste of money in everyday life. They came from military applications, where their main advantages were simplicity, low cost and high power (200-400 kW) with small size and weight. Everything else is a big minus.

Brine destroys aluminum radiators within a few years. Cast iron lasts longer, but it also corrodes completely from the inside. This is why it is recommended to change the electrolyte so often. There are no real statistics on how long circulation pumps designed for clean water or antifreeze with anti-corrosion additives last on this brine, but I think not for long. Especially pumps with a wet rotor (and they are the majority on the market).

They do not have any supernatural efficiency, the same 99% as conventional boilers with heating elements. A huge disadvantage is the electrical hazard. Almost perfect grounding of the core is mandatory, otherwise dangerous potential may appear on all pipes and batteries. Considering the practically zero resistance of the electrolyte, death from touching in the absence of grounding is guaranteed. Naturally, no RCDs can be installed, because Leaks on the housing are normal.

IMHO – these boilers are an extremely harmful and HAZARDOUS solution for health. In normal countries, it is prohibited to sell something like this for household use. It never occurs to anyone to install engines from fighter jets on civilian aircraft.

These boilers (coulombs) are filled with ordinary water, not electrolyte. It is recommended to change every year. It requires grounding like any other household appliance (for example, a Washing Machine).

All ion boilers must be filled with low resistance electrolyte. Without it, they cannot theoretically work. In this type of boiler, heating occurs due to direct heating electrolyte between the electrodes. If the electrolyte has a high resistance, then there will be no current between the electrodes, or it will be negligible. Naturally, there will be no heating.

Confused with a washing machine, etc. household appliances These boilers are not allowed, because In all household electrical appliances, current-carrying lines are isolated from the housing, and grounding serves to prevent voltage from appearing on the housing in the event of an insulation breakdown. With normal insulation on the housing there should be no potential. An RCD operates on this principle, controlling the occurrence of leakage current. In ion boilers (popularly called electrode boilers), two electrodes are lowered into a conductive brine between which electric current flows. The third electrode (and often the second) is the boiler body, which must be carefully grounded. Between the electrodes (electrode) and the body there is a powerful electric current is nothing criminal.

I’m responding to your topic, I think my knowledge can help someone. I have been installing ion boilers in Latvia for a year and a half now.

To begin with, I would like to note that they are not ionic, that is, there are ionic ones too, but few people install them, because they are expensive and are intended mainly for some industrial premises, for home use We install only electrode ones, these are the boilers that are discussed on the Internet. And the word “ionic” is a marketing ploy, in my opinion.

There was a lot of talk here about saving and spending. Yes, it’s true that all the kilowatts squeezed out of the network will be lost as heat in a ratio of 1 to 1, you can’t imagine anything here, but the main feature of electrode boilers is that instead of the usual coolant, a non-freezing electrolyte with low electrical conductivity is used. current Therefore, as the temperature increases, the conductivity increases and the boiler produces more power, which leads to energy savings. energy due to more uniform heating of the house.

I don’t want to engage in advertising, I’m an installer, but our company does not use the manufacturer’s brine and electronics, the original brine is toxic and unstable, and also of an incomprehensible color, we made our own based on safe substances, and besides, it looks very “show-off”.

As for electronics, we use European electronics. modules, most importantly, allowed us to insert into the system main sensor, which stupidly turns the boiler on and off depending on the temperature premises, which is installed by the client himself, in my opinion this sensor contains 20-30% savings.

As for the numbers, there are many examples, but there are a couple of objects where everything worked out well and turned out very economically. For example, a house of 200 sq. m. heating, heated floors and radiators are connected on the same comb with the floors, therefore the temperature of the radiators is also low. In short, it turned out to be an average of 70 bucks per month of winter for light. I would like to note that the house was built according to a thermal design.

Well, I think I told you everything.

To begin with, I’ll note that in any case, gas is better. I recommend it as a support for granular and wood-burning boilers.

The main disadvantage is that our system does not provide a jumper, because it is not economical, therefore, when closing all thermal heads or electric heads. drives for warm floors the boiler remains without circulation and boils. The next minus = electrolyte, if the system is not new, then the old coolant will remain in it, mixing with ours, its characteristics change, but this is not scary if there was water or antifreeze in the system, but if there is some kind of fancy additive, then problems begin.

And of course, power is still a powerful thing, and the network should not be weak. For an average house (150 sq. m.) at the last degrees it takes 18 A from each phase.

Ionic boilers

Question, a client came and wants to install an ion boiler, he asks what the trick is, and I’ve been playing on the plumbing stage for 10 years (that is, I’m working), but these boilers are only from afar at exhibition stands... - Mastergrad Forum

There are situations when using electricity to heat a private home becomes the only option worthy of consideration. Gas pipelines, unfortunately, have not yet reached the level of ramifications to reach everyone. Solid fuel The heating system requires constant attention from the owners of the house, a mandatory separate boiler room, storage areas at least minimum supply of firewood or briquettes (pellets). Diesel fuel boilers are very expensive in themselves, require large installation costs and precise adjustments, and cannot do without preparing a large container with a volume of several cubic meters for storing liquid fuel.

So, in such a situation, there is nothing left to do but switch to electric heating of the home. There are many options for solving this problem. For example, this could be using cables, mats or infrared films. Modern ones, which are easy to hide behind the decoration of the ceiling or walls, are gradually gaining appreciation. But still, the usual water heating systems remain in first place in popularity, into which, in this case, an electric boiler crashes. But here options are also possible - heat sources can be ordinary - with heating elements, induction various types. And the most controversial, causing considerable, sometimes even heated discussions, are ion heating boilers.

These devices are credited with absolutely fabulous heating efficiency indicators, for example, efficiency above 100%, and are incredibly criticized for the fact that they can usually quickly render the heating system unusable, praised for ease of installation and compactness, and at the same time “ostracized” for its low level electrical safety. As usual, in reality the truth is somewhere in the middle... Let's try to understand this, without bias, citing in the article both the positive qualities of such boilers and their inherent disadvantages. In addition, the most popular brands will be considered, indicating their technical characteristics. various models and approximate price level. And finally, as the presentation progresses, attention will be paid to some issues regarding the installation of such equipment.

How does an electrode (ionic) heating boiler work?

Probably everyone who has ever lived in a student dormitory or served in the army knows the simplest device for boiling water, which made it possible to brew a cup of tea in literally a matter of seconds. Two metal plates (old razor blades or even metal shoe shoes), spaced with a small air gap from each other, connected to a 220 volt power cable.

The simplest boiler is a kind of “prototype” of an electrode (ion) heating boiler

Such a “device”, lowered into a glass and connected to power, ensures a rapid, unusually violent boiling of water. A this is a fairly clear example how an ion (or electrode) boiler is designed in principle.

(By the way, you should not repeat such experiments at home - this is unsafe both from the point of view of a wire fire from a short circuit and from a high probability of getting an electrical injury).

Conductors placed in an electrolyte solution (and ordinary, non-distilled water is, to a certain extent, an electrolyte due to the salts dissolved in it), when voltage is applied to them, they cause ionization of the solution and the movement of ions in the opposite direction: anions - to cathode and cations, respectively, to the anode.

This would lead to the electrolysis process if the supplied current were constant. But when connecting to household mains voltage, the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second (frequency 50 Hz). Instead of a uniform movement of ions, they begin to oscillate rapidly in a medium that offers considerable resistance to this. As a result, very rapid heating of the liquid occurs - that is, the coolant, which is used to transfer energy through heat exchange points.

By and large, the developers of such a scheme managed to get rid of the “middleman” - a heat-generating electric coil made of materials with high resistivity. The role of the heating element is assumed by the coolant-electrolyte itself. This is what is attributed to special properties efficiency and economy of this method of converting electrical energy into heat.

Right away, it is probably necessary to clarify some of the terminology used. IN various sources You can find the name of this technique as both “electrode” and “ionic” boilers. Moreover, some manufacturers even try to make a distinction between these concepts - they say that in ion installations it is possible to to a certain extent control and regulate the number of ions involved in the process of heating the coolant. Understanding heating specialists regard such statements as nothing more than a marketing ploy to highlight their products against the general background. But even if this is true to some extent, the merit lies not in the design of the boiler, but in the complexity of the electronics of the control unit and the quality of the coolant electrolyte. And the boiler itself was and remains electrode.

General structure of an ion (electrode) boiler

This method of quickly heating a liquid is certainly not some kind of innovative development. As a physical phenomenon, this has been known for a very long time, and its practical application in order to obtain thermal energy for heating premises was mastered in the middle of the 20th century. It is generally accepted that the first detailed boilers were developed for the needs of the fleet, or more precisely, for heating submarine compartments. And one of the requirements for any military equipment of those years was maximum simplicity and the highest reliability. Ion boilers fully met these requirements. There are absolutely no moving mechanical parts in them, and the internal “electrical equipment” is such that there is simply nothing to burn out in it. And the active service life of such a water heater, in fact, was determined by the strength and corrosion resistance of its body.

However, only in the early 90s were they developed, patented and put into production for use in heating systems of residential buildings. By the way, despite the fact that a quarter of a century has passed since then, neither the layout diagram nor appearance These devices have not undergone major changes. All improvements to this equipment are made, for the most part, in the area of ​​modernization of control systems, to some extent - in selection the most optimal, resistant materials for the housing and electrodes and the chemical composition of coolants.

Despite the fact that Similar boilers are produced by several companies, domestic and foreign, all of them are basically similar in layout, and differ only in minor details.

The layout of almost all electrode boilers is very similar - a vertically located cylinder with a thickening at the power connection point

It is always a vertically located cylinder, with a thickening on one edge - there is an electrical switching unit. There are always two threaded pipes - for the coolant inlet (in the terminology of heating systems - “return”) and for the outlet of the heated liquid (supply pipe). More often they are located as shown in the figure - the “return” pipe is on the side of the cylinder, and the outlet is on top. Although, occasionally there are models in which both threaded pipes for insertion into the system are located on the side.

Electrodes are located inside the housing.

If the boiler is designed to operate from a single-phase 220 V network, then this is one electrode, which will be located in the center of the cylinder. The role of the second in this case will be played by the inner surface of the “glass” in the body.

Three-phase boilers are more powerful. Here the electrode block will consist of three rod elements isolated from each other, also located in the common “glass” of the boiler body.

It is clear that the electrode block has a reliable sealing system that prevents the electrolyte (coolant) from leaking out. Reliable electrical insulation is provided for the contact part and the outer surface of the boiler body itself - for this purpose it is covered with a layer of polyamide.

The dimensions of the boiler are usually not too large - this depends on its total power and on the specific model. This will be discussed in more detail in the section on the main manufacturers of such equipment.

Most often, there are no longer any control or adjustment devices on the body of the boiler itself. But every boiler must be equipped with an electronic or electromechanical control unit of varying degrees of complexity.

These control units allow the boiler to be turned on only to maintain the set heating mode. Thus, the system can be equipped with one temperature sensor ( on the pipesupply of heated coolant) or even two (an additional one is on the return pipe). The maximum heating temperature and its hysteresis are set on the control unit (Δt°, that is, the difference in temperature values ​​in both directions, at which a control signal is generated to turn the boiler power on or off).

In some control systems that can be more finely tuned, it is possible to set the nominal temperature value in the “return” and the hysteresis value for it. There are also more “sophisticated” control schemes that are typical for certain equipment manufacturers.

About the advantages and disadvantages of ion (electrode) boilers

Much has been written about the advantages of electrode boilers and, often, contradictory. Let's look at it one by one:

Advantages - truth and speculation

• Electrode boilers are different highest efficiency, close to 100%. This - pure truth, but with some reservations.

By the way, you can come across publications that claim that the efficiency even exceeds this threshold - 100%. More precisely, it says that the coefficient is higher than that of conventional boilers with heating elements by 30 — 40%. There is no way to believe this.

Indeed, any electric boilers have a high efficiency, tending to 100%, no matter what heating principle is used: resistive (heating element), induction or ionic - almost all electrical energy is converted into heat and is ultimately transferred to the coolant. The only question is how quickly the boiler reaches the design heating temperature - at the start-up stage, a boiler with heating elements will, of course, require a little more time. And so, no one has canceled the law of conservation of energy, and one cannot expect any miracles from an electrode boiler.

• With equal heating power, electrode boilers are the most compact and lightest in weight among their “brothers”. It's hard to disagree - this is true. They are especially noticeable compared to induction heaters, which are always distinguished by their massiveness and overall dimensions.
• An electrode boiler does not require the installation of a chimney system - like any other boiler powered by electrical energy.
• There is absolutely no possibility of overheating and failure due to coolant leakage from the system. Indeed, an important advantage: the electrodes do not contact each other in any way, and the lack of liquid leads to a complete open circuit - the boiler, by definition, cannot operate in such conditions.
• Heating of water occurs very quickly, which, according to the laws of thermodynamics, is accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure in the system. It is possible to do without a circulation pump.

It would seem that everything is correct, but for some reason such systems are still not used without a pump. Firstly, it is completely unproductive to direct part of the energy to ensure circulation (with a pump, consumption for these purposes will be lower, and the process will be more controlled). And, secondly, we can talk about such a powerful pressure surge only when the system is starting up. In the future, when the control switches to maintaining the temperature within the established hysteresis, this process will not differ in any way from all other boilers.

• The inertia of such a boiler is the smallest and h all electrical varieties. Therefore, there is the possibility of very precise and rapid operation settings that will help save on energy costs.

A classic example of how two expressions are combined in one expression. completely unrelated statements among themselves. Indeed, inertia is low. First of all, due to the fact that the mass of the boiler itself is insignificant, and heating of the liquid begins faster. Regarding energy costs - they, at the same time, as we have already found out, efficiency depend, rather, on the level of thermal insulation of the building, that is, on the existing heat losses. But the efficiency of switching and the accuracy of settings is unlikely to have any tangible effect on both the comfort of living and efficiency. Is it possible that such a boiler will turn on and off more often, which, by the way, is not even particularly good.

As for the accuracy of the settings, this is still a very controversial issue. If we take into account the nonlinearity of the electrolysis heating process and the special requirements for the quality of the electrolyte, then perhaps controlling a conventional boiler looks like a much simpler task.

• Voltage drops do not affect the operation of the boiler - its power may only change, but operation will not stop.

Reading about such an “advantage” is even somewhat funny. By and large, voltage drops are also not afraid neither ordinary boilers nor heating elements. But complex automation, which regulates and directs the operation of any boilers, requires a certain stability of power supply. And electrode boilers are no different from others in this regard.

• Electrode boilers can be installed in the heating circuit as additional energy sources.

Indeed, it is possible, but in this case you will have to bring the state of the coolant to the one that is required specifically for an electrode (ion) boiler.

A very “solid” battery of electrode boilers!

It is also possible to install several boilers in parallel with the same power - in this case it will be possible to stepwise adjust the total heating power - by turning on all or a selected number of heaters.

• The operation of electrode boilers is absolutely harmless from an environmental point of view.

Question about porn. Yes, there are not and cannot be any harmful emissions into the atmosphere - but this is typical for all electric heaters. But due to the composition of the coolant, electrode boilers can even pose a certain environmental hazard. Often it contains very toxic substances (such as ethylene glycol), and the spent electrolyte, when replaced quite often, requires a special disposal procedure - simply drain it onto the ground or even into sewer system– is strictly prohibited.

• The cost of electrode boilers, compared to other electric ones, is the lowest.

This is indeed true, but one cannot help but notice one “marketing trap”. Very often the cost of such boilers is indicated without taking into account the price of automation units. Conventional boilers, with heating elements, are usually assembled in one housing with all the built-in electronics, temperature sensors, thermostat, etc., therefore the price for them is appropriate.

The cost of control equipment must also be taken into account immediately, since without it all the advantages of electrode boilers are literally reduced to zero - uncontrolled heating of the liquid will not only be uneconomical, but also extremely dangerous!

Disadvantages of ion boilers

Honestly, if you just look at the list of disadvantages of electrode boilers, then any desire to get involved with this type of heating disappears. However, let the reader judge for himself, since some of the “cons” are clearly far-fetched and do not deserve special attention.

• Sometimes the disadvantages include the fact that the electrode stake requires only alternating current - with constant current, the process of electrolysis of the coolant will begin with its chemical decomposition.

Considering this a drawback is the same as complaining that a car does not want to run on alcohol, and a home TV refuses to work on a AA battery. Each device has its own capabilities and its own energy sources, and this has nothing to do with disadvantages.

• The need to equip the heating circuit with a circulation pump.

This has already been mentioned above, but such a “disadvantage” is inherent in almost all home heating systems, with the exception of open ones with natural circulation. And even then, it is also recommended to install pumps in them - this affects the uniformity and overall efficiency of heating the home.

• Special requirements for the quality and chemical composition of the coolant.

Here, you can’t argue; indeed, the electrode boiler will not work with any liquid that gets into it. Several criteria must be combined here - the possibility of ionization (for example, distilled water will not work in principle), relatively low electrical resistance (if the value is high, the current simply will not flow through the liquid). And at the same time, we must not forget about high heat capacity, resistance to freezing, operating temperature range, environmental friendliness, etc.

Many manufacturers of electrode boilers directly give recommendations on the use of specific brands of coolants, which they often produce themselves. Moreover, there are cases where warranty service for equipment was refused due to violations of recommendations.

Many craftsmen are very critical of factory formulations and recommend using saline solutions(brines) made independently. But independently selecting the optimal composition, without special equipment for testing electrical conductivity, is an extremely difficult task. This approach is complicated by the fact that over time the electrical characteristics of the coolant can change significantly, and in addition, they largely depend on the current heating temperature.

In a word, selecting the right coolant for the system in the case of electrode boilers turns into a very troublesome task. And if we also take into account that replacement of the entire volume of working fluid will have to be carried out before each heating season...

• Not all heating radiators can be used in conjunction with electrode boilers.

The honest truth is that for such a heating system, either or aluminum radiators are recommended. Moreover, when choosing aluminum, you should also pay attention to the quality of the material - is it a primary metal, or a processed product. The fact is that the processed metal will necessarily contain a large number of impurities - oxides, and they can very seriously disrupt the chemical composition of the electrolyte, sharply increasing or decreasing the electrical conductivity, which will unbalance the operation of the system.

Cast iron radiators are very undesirable for two reasons. Firstly, their very significant heat capacity can exceed the normal heating capabilities of an electrode boiler, and it will work almost non-stop. And secondly, old cast iron batteries, as a rule, are not distinguished by internal cleanliness, the pipes lend themselves to truly high-quality washing due to the porosity of the surface, and can quickly render the coolant unusable for operation. And no one has canceled the corrosion of ferrous metals, and any electrolyte is always characterized by increased corrosion properties.

As an exception, modern cast iron radiators made in Europe may be suitable. They have a smaller volume and a higher quality of metal.

• Electrode boilers have particularly increased requirements for grounding.

By and large, any powerful electrical installations must have reliable grounding of the frame. But if in most cases it is - means protection against accidental phase breakdown on the housing, then in the example with ion boilers everything is more serious. Their metal body is directly involved in the work process, and therefore, indeed, grounding becomes of utmost importance for ensuring safety. Moreover, the standard RCD unit is not applicable in the case under consideration, since there will be a voltage leak one way or another, and the power with such protection will be constantly forcibly turned off.

You can find out how to do it correctly by following the link to the corresponding article on our portal.

• There are strict restrictions on the maximum heating temperature - up to 75 degrees.

It's more likely no no wealth, but the peculiarity of the operation of such a heating circuit. The fact is that the electrical conductivity of the liquid changes nonlinearly, and at temperatures above 75 ° WITH there may be unnecessary waste of energy without increasing power. However, this temperature should almost always be enough for high-quality heating. And the upper heating limit, by the way, exists for any boilers (including gas and solid fuel) and this must be monitored by automation.

• The electrodes become overgrown quite quickly, due to the specific nature of the work, and require regular replacement. Probably too no no prosperity, and operating costs - any equipment eventually requires replacement of consumable parts.
• It is impossible (in any case, extremely undesirable) to use such a boiler in an open-type heating system.

This is true - the electrolyte itself is a rather aggressive environment for the elements of the heating system. If air oxygen still has free access to the coolant, its ability to cause corrosion will increase many times over, but the necessary chemical composition to ensure the required electrical conductivity may change for the worse.

• It is inadmissible to use heated water for domestic and technical needs (with a single-circuit heating system). This drawback can be eliminated by installing a boiler indirect heating, of course, having correctly calculated the overall capabilities of the system.
• Very big difficulties when starting the heating system.

We are not talking about the installation of the boiler itself, its installation and piping - here we have experienced craftsmen There shouldn't be any special problems. The main problems, as already mentioned, are the correct selection of the chemical composition of the coolant and fine adjustment of the system. It is not recommended to carry out such activities on your own; you will need to invite experienced specialists.

The same can be said about regular preventive measures in preparation for heating season, since it is almost impossible to correctly assess the condition of the coolant and the overall performance of the system without accumulated experience and without special equipment. This means that you will have to put up with the annual call of the relevant specialists.

Find out how to do it, and also read the detailed instructions in the article on our portal.

Electrode (ion) heating boilers on the Russian market

Thanks to their advantages, and despite their rather numerous disadvantages, ionic heating colas remain very popular in the Russian open spaces. Several domestic companies are engaged in their production, and products are also supplied from foreign countries. To help the reader with the choice of equipment, a brief overview of the most popular brands will be given

Electrode boilers "Galan"

The products of the Moscow company Galan are, without a doubt, a pioneer in the domestic market for equipment of this type, and it is possible that throughout the world too. Release them mastered back in the early 90s based on our own patented development. There are no exact statistics, but, most likely, “Galan” still holds the “palm of championship” in this area, in any case, in terms of mentions on the Internet and in terms of positive reviews, these boilers are definitely in the lead.

Model range of electrode boilers "Galan"

Today the company produces three main models, each of which has several gradations in terms of heating power level.

The smallest ones are “Galan-Ochag”. Weighing only 500 g, these “babies” are capable of efficiently heating quite large volumes - up to 200 m³, delivering power up to 5 kW. The cost of such boilers is from 3300 to 4000 rubles. More modern model– “Galan-Ochag-Turbo” can be slightly more expensive – up to 6,000 rubles.

In private residential construction, the most popular are single-phase and three-phase electrode boilers "Galan-Geyser". They have two heating power thresholds - 9 and 15 kW, and this should be enough for a quite respectable country cottage with a total volume of sealed rooms up to 450 m³. The average cost of such boilers is 6 to 7 thousand, and “Geyser-Turbo” is about 8 thousand rubles.

The most powerful are the electrode colas in the Galan-Vulcan line. They are all designed to operate in a three-phase network, have a power of 25 and 50 kW, and are intended for heating fairly large structures. The price for them is over 10 thousand rubles.

Basic parameters of electric heating boilers	VULCANO 50	VULCANO 25	GEYSER 15	GEYSER 9	HEATH 6	HEATH 5	HEATH 3
Consumption voltage, V	380	380	380	220/380	220	220	220
Heated room, m³	up to 1600	up to 850	up to 550	up to 340	up to 250 up to 200	up to 120
Coolant volume, liter	300-500	150- 300	100- 200	50-100	35-70	30-60	25-50
Current consumption, max, A	2×37.9	37.5	22.7	13,7/40	27.3	22.7	13.7
Peak power consumption in kW, at water temperature 90ºС	50	25	15	9	6	5	3
Power consumption in kW, average for the heating season, (6 months – 4320 hours) from October 15 to April 15.	up to 36000 kW	up to 18000 kW	up to 12000 kW	up to 8000 kW	up to 6000 kW	up to 5000 kW	up to 3000 kW
Recommended outlet temperature, °C	60	60	60	60	60	60	60
Coupling diameter for connecting the boiler to the heating system	32	32	32	32	25	25	25
weight. kg	11.5	42130	42130	42130	0.5	0.5	0.5
diameter, mm	130	130	130	130	35	35	35
length, mm	570	460	410	360	335	320	275

If the basic models of Galan boilers themselves remain practically unchanged, then the control automation is constantly being improved. Thus, it is recommended to purchase control units for modern household-grade boilers " Galan - Navigator» in various designs (price - from 6 thousand).

There may be other proposals - for example, equipping the Galan boiler with an ABB or Hager circuit breaker, a modular digital coolant thermostat "BeeRT", which will simultaneously regulate the performance of the circulation pump, and a room thermostat "by air" COMPUTHERM Q7" . Such a system is fully agreed with the boiler manufacturer, but its cost, of course, will be somewhat higher.

Video: variety of Galan boilers

Prices for the Galan heating boiler range

Heating boilers Galan

Beryl"

Another popular Russian product is the Beryl family of electrode heating boilers.

They are produced in two sizes, depending on the power supply used - 220 or 380 volts, and on the installation power, respectively - up to 9 and up to 33 kW.

Single-phase electrode boilers "Beryl" Dimensions of the three-phase modification "Beryl"

A characteristic feature of all Beryl boilers is the top location of the power connection unit - this somewhat simplifies both installation and maintenance. Even to replace the electrode block, in most cases it will not be necessary to dismantle the entire boiler from its piping.

Name of boilers, control systems:	Price, rub.
BERIL ion boilers and automation (manual power change, step 200 (600) W)
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
	8450
Control unit "Euro" for 220V and 380V boilers	14000
BERIL ion boilers and automation (automatic / manual power change, step 600 W)
380V boilers with triac unit 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	20000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function)	15000
BERIL ion boilers and automation (automatic / manual power change, step 2000 W)
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 100 kW	75000
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 130 kW	100000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function) for 100 and 130 kW boilers	25000
Electrode boilers BERIL and automation
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
Boilers 380V; 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	8450
Control unit ETsRT GEKK for boilers 220 and 380 V	8500
BERIL thermal modules of unlimited power with one control unit
Boilers 380V 33 kW with triac unit - 1 pc.	20000
Control unit GEKK 63/3M TsSU for module operation in PID mode	20000
Control unit GEKK 60/3 TsSU for operation of the module in group control mode	25000
Coolant BERIL V.I.P. propylene glycol based
temperature -35C (-45C crystallization temperature) polye canister 20 liters	2200

By the way, it is some models of Beryl boilers that are positioned as ionic boilers - because, according to the manufacturer, they implement the ability to control the overall level of electrical charges. Such products can be equipped with control units of varying complexity:

Control unit for boilers "Beryl" CSU "Euro"

TsSU "Euro" control units allow you to manually adjust the heating power of the coolant in steps of 200 W.

1 – connection block (power contactor);

2 – step boiler power regulator;

3 – automatic overload protection;

4 – thermostat control unit, according to the coolant heating level.

Beryl ion boiler with triac unit

More expensive models, with automatic control and regulation of power at each specific moment in time, are equipped with a special triac unit (pictured) and a PID system - electronic temperature control. It is believed that the PID controller, which consists of an amplifier, integrator and differentiator, most quickly and accurately estimates the heating level taking into account the immediate future and generates control signals that allow saving up to 20% of energy.

Line of boilers EOU (Energy Saving Heating Installation)

This is also a Russian-made product. Simple in design, relatively inexpensive, but quite easy to use, the boilers cover a power range from 2 to 120 kW. They can be produced for single- and three-phase current networks, differing in size.

Dimensions of electrode boilers "EOU"

Such boilers are popular not only in our country, but also in neighboring countries, and last year the products received certification from the Customs Union.

The table shows technical data and intermediate level prices for boilers operating on a 220 volt network, as the most popular in domestic conditions:

Technical data	Unit measurements	Single-phase modifications
		1/2	1/3	1/4	1/5	1/6	1/7	1/8	1/9	1/10	1/12
Operating voltage	Volt	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220
Power consumption	kW	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	12
Heated room volume	m³	120	180	240	300	360	420	480	540	600	750
Heated area	m²	40	60	80	100	120	140	160	180	200	250
Electricity consumption per day	kW	2-16	3-24	4-32	5-40	6-48	7-56	8-64	9-72	10-80	12-96
Raising water in a water system (without pump)	m	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	13
Weight, no more	kg	3
Price of the device, without control panel	rub.	4200	4300	4400	4500	4600	4700	4800	4900	5000	5100
Price of a set of components for the control panel	rub.	1410	1990	1990	1850	1850	1850	2540	2540	2540	2540

Despite the unpretentious design of EOU boilers, the manufacturer gives them a factory warranty of at least 10 years, and the total service life is estimated at 30 years.

Video: examples of using EOU electrode boilers

Imported electrode boilers

In addition to Russian-made boilers, models produced in some neighboring countries are in demand.

Ukrainian-designed and produced Forsazh boilers are interesting in that they are equipped with a special casing - a casing, which increases the operational safety of the installation and still makes its appearance more attractive.

Boiler "Fast and Furious" in the box

The line of Forsazh boilers is represented by five models operating from 220 V, with a power from 3 to 25 kW. All of them are equipped with a control unit of our own design - an electronic digital temperature controller (EDRT).

Set - “Forsazh” boiler with electronic digital temperature controller

The basic characteristics of Forsazh electrode boilers are given in the table:

Parameter name	Execution options
	FAST AND THE FURIOUS 3	Fast and Furious 5	FAST AND THE FURIOUS 9	FAST AND THE FURIOUS 15	FAST & FURIOUS 25
Rated voltage, V	220
Permissible deviations from the rated voltage, %	±10
Rated frequency, Hz	50
Rated current in one phase at a coolant temperature of 63°C, A	13.6	22.7	13.6	22.7	37.9
Rated power consumption, kW	3	5	9	15	25
Electronic digital temperature controller (EDCRT)	ECRT-3	ECRT-5	ECRT-9	ECRT-15	ECRT-25
Coolant	Special coolant "Forsazh-M"
Coolant volume in the heating system, l	20 - 40	30 - 60	60 - 120	100 - 200	160 - 300
Coolant operating pressure (cold)	0,1 - 0,15
in the heating system, MPa (bar)	(1 - 1,5)
Maximum permissible pressure, MPa (bar)	0,3 (3)
Maximum volume of heated premises, m 3	100	170	300	450	750
Overall dimensions, mm	265x135x88		470x190x136
Nozzle diameter	1,25"
Weight, kg	1.85	1.95	6.05	6.4	6.85
Execution according to the degree of protection against moisture	IPX3

And finally, we can mention a device developed and assembled in Latvia – the STAFOR boiler. It is interesting for several innovative solutions, including the use of a “Faraday cage” - separation of the protective and working zero.

Of all the boilers it has highest scores safety, and the only one of its kind - has been fully certified according to the very strict requirements of the European Union. This boiler is fully equipped with its own electronics. In addition, with it you can purchase not only a branded coolant, but even a special additive, STATERM POWER, which allows you to timely adjust the chemical composition of the electrolyte to adjust the boiler power.

So, the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of such heating boilers are clear to the reader. He is familiar with the variety of models and approximate price levels. All that remains is to make your own choice - “for” or “against”.

Most private home owners face the problem of individual home heating. One of the options for solving the issue is energy-saving electrode heating boilers, which are considered highly efficient, reliable and safe to operate. They make it possible to set the desired heating temperature for radiators and ambient air, as well as maintain the indoor microclimate according to the specified parameters around the clock.

A little history

Electrode heating boilers it was proposed to be used in domestic conditions back in the 80s of the last century. The idea belonged to Dmitry Kunkov, and the invention received a patent. Until this point, such equipment was used in the military industry and installed on submarines and naval ships. The Russian company GALAN was able to improve the invention by developing a unique and fundamentally new electrode-type water heating boiler, which was introduced to the market in 1992.

Two years later it appeared production model, the operation of which in the heating system has confirmed the fact of a significant reduction in energy consumption used for heating premises in comparison with previously produced heat generators. Today heating devices“Galan” is widely used in villages remote from communications and hard-to-reach places, in warehouses and railway stops, in areas of natural disasters and urban cottages.

Construction of electrode boilers

Electric mini-boilers "Galan" of electrode type are available in three modifications:

• single-phase CHAGS have a power of 2, 3, 5 and 6 kW;
• three-phase GEYSER and VULCANO - 9, 15, 25 and 50 kW.

They are compact in size and light in weight. The most powerful device weighs 11.5 kg, its diameter is 180 mm with a length of 570 mm, and it can heat a space up to 1650 m3. The smallest boiler has a diameter of only 35 mm and a length of 275 mm, its weight does not exceed 0.9 kg, and the heated room can reach 120 m3.

Ion boilers consist of several elements. On the metal body there are inlet and outlet pipes, allowing unhindered circulation of the coolant (water or antifreeze). Thanks to the housing, ionic processes occur, as it acts as an ionizer. The top of the case is protected by a plastic casing, which improves the electrical insulation of the device and reduces its heat transfer. Inside a single-phase boiler there is one electrode, and a three-phase boiler there are three electrodes with a terminal group brought out.

Galan electrode boilers are supplied assembled. The automation system that allows you to control and monitor the heating system is not included in the equipment package, so it must be purchased additionally. In addition, you need to buy expansion tank and, if necessary, a pump.

Without installation of automation, GALAN company warranty period does not allow the boiler to work.

The manufacturer also declines responsibility in the event of incorrect installation, or operation of the electrode heat generator, the presence of mechanical damage and the presence of foreign objects in the system.

Advantages of electrode heating equipment

Galan heating boilers have undoubted advantages compared to other types of boiler equipment:

• high efficiency (up to 98%) is obtained due to the direct conversion of electricity into heat directly in the coolant;
• electricity savings of up to 40% occur through the use of automation and adjustment of thermal conditions;
• simple installation is ensured by the small size of the devices and convenient connection of pipes;
• the ability to integrate into existing heating systems eliminates the need to re-lay pipes;
• the permissibility of parallel connection of boilers allows you to increase the power of the heating system many times over;
• the reality of installing a backup boiler eliminates the sudden stop of heating the coolant.

Operating principle

Electrode, or ion, boilers do not require special permits for installation of equipment, which cannot be said, for example, about gas heating units.

When the Galan device is turned on, the coolant is heated by splitting liquid molecules into ions of different polarities. Each of them tends to a positively or negatively charged electrode plate.

During operation, there is a constant change in the direction of the current, so the plates are not “overgrown” with ions.

As a result of the disintegration and movement of particles of the liquid medium, the release of thermal energy and an increase in pressure begin, which leads to rapid heating of water or antifreeze inside the system. The coolant, having warmed up, begins to be pushed upward, and its place is taken by a cooled portion of the liquid. The resulting pressure allows low-rise mansions to do without a circulation pump.

The coolant in an ion boiler is one of the constituent elements of the electrical circuit, therefore, in its absence, the heating process does not occur. The automation, in this case, turns off the device, so there is no need to fear a fire. The boiler will stop working if a short circuit occurs, and if the temperature of the ambient air or radiators rises above a predetermined level. It is not for nothing that Galan ion boilers are classified as a “smart home” system.

Ion boilers are prohibited from being used to heat running water from a water supply system, as well as directly pumped liquid media from wells, reservoirs and boreholes. This type of boiler equipment is intended only for closed heating systems.

It is necessary that the water used as a coolant clearly corresponds technical specifications, described in the passport of the Galan electrode boiler. It is strictly forbidden to pump it from the hot water supply pipeline, otherwise the service life of the device will be too short.

It is also not allowed to install ion boilers on underfloor heating systems. The fact is that the operating temperatures of the coolant of the electrode heat generator under optimal operating conditions are significantly higher than those required for the normal functioning of the “warm floor”.

If cast iron radiators are installed in the house or the existing system contains large diameter pipes, then the use of ion boilers is not recommended by experts. The problem here is the increased volume of coolant and the heterogeneity of internal surfaces heating batteries. But there is still a way out of the situation. In this case you will need:

• use of a more powerful electrode device;
• installation of a coarse filter on the return line;
• use of a mud filter or sedimentation tank;
• Pre-flushing of cast iron radiators.

Ion boilers in systems must be installed strictly vertically so that the terminal group is at the bottom. When using plastic pipes in the heating system, they will need to be replaced with black (non-galvanized) metal pipes in the area from the outlet pipe of the heat generator. Its length should be 2-2.5 meters.

If the coolant level in the expansion tank decreases by less than a third of the tank volume, it should be topped up to the required level. But if unforeseen situations arise, the boiler will need to be turned off immediately. This must be done when:

• the appearance of overheating of wires and automation;
• presence of smoke and clouds of steam;
• no voltage;
• leakage or freezing of coolant;
• malfunction of the grounding device;
• presence of moisture on the body;
• pump failure.

After turning off the equipment, a technician is immediately called to fix the problems.

Today there are three types of electric heating boilers on the market: induction, based on heating elements and electrode. Electrode boilers are also called ion or ion exchange boilers, but these are the same devices.

Operating principle

This equipment differs from other electric boilers in the presence of open electrodes, to which current is supplied from the network (alternating with a frequency of 50 Hz). The electrodes are placed in water of a certain chemical composition. When a potential difference occurs in the electrolyte, which is water, the ions begin to move. Due to the constant change of potentials on the electrodes, the movement of charged particles is chaotic. When the ions move, a large amount of heat is released, which heats the coolant (water in this case).

Advantages and disadvantages

Is it convenient to use this type of boiler for heating? In principle, yes. It is especially good in places where the network voltage is unstable: even when the voltage drops to 180 V, the electrode boiler continues to operate. Its power drops, but it continues to work. What else is convenient about such a system: if you have competent automation and the correct connection of the boiler, the system is autonomous and can maintain the set temperature independently. Another positive point: if for some reason water disappears from the system, the equipment will simply stop working. It won’t burn, won’t deteriorate, but simply won’t work, since water, in this case, is the working medium. Without it, there is no current.

Now about the disadvantages. From the principle of operation of the electrode boiler, their main drawback emerges: they are demanding on the composition of the water. Not just any water is suitable, but with certain characteristics. When starting the system, it is necessary to prepare the coolant according to the recommendations of the boiler manufacturer. Usually this is a few teaspoons of salt or soda per liter of water in the system. That's all. You can also use special liquids that are produced by the same manufacturers. But this is for those who don’t want to bother at all.

On the other hand, by changing the composition of the water, you can “adjust” the boiler’s power to your needs: in principle, you can make it work with both more and less power relative to what is stated in the passport. It is only necessary to change the chemical composition of the coolant-electrolyte. Here it is important not to overdo it, otherwise you can “modify” the composition until the boiler completely and instantly fails. Therefore, stay within the limits specified by the manufacturer (as usual, “from” and “to” are indicated).

Another unpleasant moment. Even very much so. The current spreads in the water, and the water circulates in the system. And, in principle, it is not impossible to touch the radiator and receive a considerable electric shock. This implies another indispensable condition safe work when using electrode boilers for water heating: high-quality and reliable separate grounding is required. It will just help avoid such a situation.

Not the most pleasant moment is the need to periodically clean the system and replace the electrodes - they gradually become thinner and the heating efficiency decreases. In this regard, electrode boilers do not have any advantages over traditional ones. electric boilers with heating elements.

How economical are electrode boilers?

There is constant debate about the energy consumption of electrode boilers. Sellers and manufacturers claim that these boilers are more economical than heating elements. They even name a figure – 30%. Their opponents say that if the boiler is 6 kW, then it will consume 6 kW. No more, no less.

That's true. But owners of operating systems claim that they pay less for heating (some previously had heating elements, and some compare their bills with the bills of friends). Note that negative messages are written only by theorists who advocate the use of good old, well-known heating elements. There is not a single negative review from the owners (5 forums viewed).

There is one conditionally negative one: after 2.5 years of “excellent” operation, the efficiency of the system dropped significantly, and it was only possible to increase it partially, but not sufficiently, through careful preparation of the coolant. At first glance, a significant reduction in the power of the heating unit is possible for two reasons: the electrodes are worn out and need to be changed, or something is wrong with the automation. In any case, you need to contact service center to specialists.

How can an electrode boiler for water heating at home benefit? Due to the low inertia of the system: there are no intermediate carriers, and all the energy is immediately transferred to the coolant. This is important not only during system startup, but also to maintain the set temperature. As soon as the air temperature in the room (for greater comfort you need to monitor this indicator, not the temperature of the coolant) becomes lower, the system turns on. Heating begins instantly, without delays for heating the same heating element.

The situation is the same with the shutdown: the power supply is turned off, the heating stops. And again, there is no inertia, and the temperature remains stable, and there is no excessive wastage of electricity. That's true. But in order for everything to be as described, high-quality automation is necessary, and this, as we know, is not cheap.

Practitioners say that electrode and induction boilers are more suitable for the device than boilers using heating elements. They have more advanced automation and the temperature is maintained more accurately. But modern multi-stage boilers using heating elements can also regulate their power, although this transition is abrupt - turning on/off one or more heating elements gives a power jump. So, if you have to choose, preference for organizing water heated floors can be given to electrode ones. They are also good in this area, but they are much more expensive.

The advantages of using electrode boilers for water heating include their small size, low cost (even in relation to boilers using heating elements) and noiselessness during use (unlike induction boilers, which are sometimes very noisy). But here you need to take into account that in addition to the need for a separate power line, you will also need to build a separate grounding loop, and this is also a cost.

In general, it is impossible to say unequivocally whether electrode boilers are good or bad. There are some positive aspects, but there are also a fair number of negative ones. Actually, you need to decide in each specific case: as always, when there are several options, the problem of choice arises. But everyone makes their own choice. We are trying to present the situation as fully as possible, but it’s still up to you to decide.

Galan electrode boilers: table of characteristics and reviews

Therefore, it is quite difficult to suspect them of bias, and they persistently promote electrode boilers. They produce flow-type equipment. This is good because the installation of such a unit does not require approval from the boiler inspection department. Another positive point: electrode boilers from this manufacturer can be used in conjunction with another hot water boiler.

Now about the characteristics and prices. The data was taken from the official website, prices there are displayed in rubles, but due to the instability of the situation, we converted them to dollars at the current rate. Therefore, some errors are possible.

	Power consumption/voltage	Room volume m 3 / m 2	Coolant volume	Price	Dimensions
					Length	Diameter	Weight
Galan Hearth 3	2 and 3 kW/220 V	80-120 m 3 /25-40 m 2	20-50 l	67 $	275 mm	35 mm	0.9 kg
Galan Hearth5	5 kW/220 V	200 m 3 /65 m 2	30-60 l	69 $	320 mm	35 mm	1.05 kg
Galan Hearth 6	5 and 6 kW/220 V	250 m 3 /150 m 2	35-70 l	71 $	335 mm	35 mm	1.1 kg
Galan Geyser 9	9k W/220 or 380 V	340 m 3 /110 m 2	50-100 l	130 $	360 mm	130 mm	5 kg
Galan Geyser 15	15 kW/380 V	550 m 3 /180 m 2	100-200 l	136 $	410 mm	130 mm	5.3 kg
Galan Vulcan 25	25 kW/380 V	850 m 3 /285 m 2	150-300 l	142 $	450 mm	130 mm	5.7 kg

Important! The table shows the price only for the boiler itself. You also need automation, which, depending on the functionality and capabilities, costs from $50 to $150; you will need sensors (each about $15) as well as a circulation pump.

Of the entire range, mini-electrode heating boilers “Galan Ochag 3” are probably more suitable for heating a dacha. They will also be good for studio apartment. Available in 2 kW and 3 kW capacities. Boilers with a lower power of 1 kW have not yet been found anywhere. Reviews about all Galan electrode boilers are positive. But almost all of them indicate: you need to follow the rules for installing and preparing the system: check the water and bring its composition to the required levels, or fill in a specialized solution produced by the same company. Properly selected automation plays an important role. There is an announcement on the manufacturer’s website: “We are not responsible for the operation of boilers with non-recommended automation.”

Galan produces both electrode and heating element boilers

The most reviews come from owners of Galan Geyser 9 boilers. There are no dissatisfied people. Here are some facts that relate to the issue of electricity consumption by these boilers:

• House 135 m2 in Kharkov region. Galan Geyser 15 is heated. During the heating season 2012-2013, the meter showed 2750 kW.
• Room 120m2 in Dnepropetrovsk region. Galan Ochag 5 installed. The owner says that he “missed the mark” a little - he needs Hearth 6.
• House 150 m2 in Energodar (which is not specified). The cost of “Galan Geyser 15” for the 2013-2014 season in frosts down to -25°C per month on the meter is up to 1300 kW.

The reviews do not indicate the materials from which the house is built, how it is insulated and many other nuances, but certain conclusions can be drawn. Almost every review indicates that you need to monitor what kind of fluid is poured into the system. In one of the messages, a person repairing heating systems responded to a call: the electrode boiler had stopped heating completely. All due to the fact that the system was filled with ordinary, unprepared tap water. After working for a couple of weeks, the boiler stopped heating. After flushing the system and cleaning the electrodes, the coolant temperature still did not rise above 35 o C. The owner bought new electrodes and fluid for these systems, and after installation and repeated flushing, everything works.

In general, it turns out like this: electrode boilers are simple in design, but demanding to operate. Coolant parameters and high-quality automation are important.