How is the TNP fiberboard brand translated? What does it mean? Fiberboard: classification, selection and areas of application. The difference between chipboard and fibreboard
Produced from plant materials, pre-crushed and pressed under high pressure. This material is not new for the construction market, but even with more modern innovations, the fiberboard is also used stably and successfully.
Manufacturing process
Often the raw material for fiberboard is wood chips. It is obtained through waste production from sawmills. That is why the low cost of raw materials allows us to obtain the same inexpensive product.
The production process of wood fiber panels is fully automated. Raw materials on initial stage heated with hot steam, then crushed. Grinding can be in both coarse and fine formats - respectively, defibrator and refiner.
The next step will be the introduction of a binding component into the wood raw material, which can be paraffin and other resins. Paraffin is added to improve the moisture resistance properties of the board, and resins determine the strength of the panel. Antiseptic substances can be added as an additional component to ensure disinfection of the material.
The density will depend on the pressing temperature. Important role Uniform supply of raw materials and final processing under the condition of air baths also play a role.
To improve the appearance of sheet material, several types of surface treatment are used - laminating (applying a decorative film), laminating (treating sheets with a special protective film), and treating with paints and varnishes.
Kinds
These panels have high quality technical characteristics and in combination with affordable price are of interest for the construction and renovation process, as durable boards for interior decoration, for the furniture industry and as thermal insulation material. So versatile application Fiberboard is determined by its types - soft, hard and super hard.
Each type of these panels characterizes the degree of density, which directly determines the direction of application of the material. Before purchasing, be sure to study the product labeling, since fiberboard, which would be an excellent material for roof insulation, is absolutely not suitable as a flooring for laminate flooring.
Types of high-density fiberboard and their application
The packaging of fibreboards also contains characteristics that subdivide the material by brand:
- “T” – untreated surface (front);
- “TS” – finely dispersed fibrous surface;
- “T-P” – the front side is tinted;
- “T-SP” – combines “TS and T-P”;
- “T-V” – untreated surface, increased water resistance.
There are other markings, among them there are those that, in turn, are divided into grades (I and II) depending on the density, thickness and processing of the front surface.
Medium and low density
Fiberboard, which has average density- This excellent material for roofing, since its advantageous characteristics are determined by its high levels of heat and sound insulation.
At low density, the material will be highly porous, which undoubtedly affects its strength, but such boards are always in demand, as they are good insulating boards.
Specifications
Strength
One of the main qualities that are determined by the technical characteristics of fiberboard boards is bending strength. This parameter is indicated in kgf/cm2. Use the panels as follows:
- For insulation works– no more than 20 kgf/cm2;
- for finishing work – from 150 kgf/cm2;
- for production – from 500 kgf/cm2.
Moisture resistance
The second most important parameter that is taken into account when choosing fiberboard is hygroscopicity. This criterion characterizes the absorption of moisture by a material when immersed in water for a day. The hardest types of fiberboard have this indicator within 12%, while semi-solid ones - up to 40%. Compared to cheaper chipboard and more expensive MDF the wood fiber panel will be “in the middle”. So chipboard absorbs moisture very quickly and immediately becomes deformed. But MDF can be used both for outdoor work and for interior decoration rooms where humidity is high - swimming pools, saunas, etc.
Thermal conductivity
No less important is the thermal conductivity of the panels. This indicator is especially important when choosing soft varieties wood-based materials of this type. The coefficient should not exceed the absolute value, which is measured by six hundredths of conventional units.
Myths about the dangers of fiberboard
Before choosing wood-based materials, the buyer always has a question about naturalness. The question is correct and deserves special attention.
First of all, raw materials. Wood chips, and less often waste from processing plants with a rough structure (corn, cotton) are a natural product, which means they do not harm human health.
With binders everything is also simple. Myths about formaldehyde resins, which are in large quantities, have long been untrue. At the legislative level, the ban on their use has been in place for a long time. And if you purchase a product from a manufacturer or supplier who indicates all the labeling data on the packaging, you are guaranteed to avoid counterfeiting.
Components that can be added as a binder for the manufacture of fiberboard panels:
- paraffin – a substance from boundary hydrocarbons;
- rosin - extracted from coniferous species wood;
- pectol is a raw material obtained from the processing of tall oils;
- emulsion of synthetic resins of non-aggressive origin.
All of these components in no way emit harmful fumes in their original form. That's why correct operation Fiberboard guarantees its long-term functional qualities.
Fiberboard is construction material, consisting of wood fiber pressed under high pressure. It is successfully used in furniture production, construction, and repair work. Let's take a closer look at the varieties and properties of all types of fiberboard.
Basic properties and technical characteristics of fiberboard
The properties of fiberboard include the following:
- This material is not subject to deformation and does not warp over time;
- High moisture resistance;
- High strength and durability;
- Environmentally friendly. Fiberboard does not emit harmful substances.
According to GOST standards, the main technical properties The fiberboards are as follows:
- Density from 100 to 1100 kg/m3;
- Maximum operational humidity 3-12%;
- Thermal conductivity 0.046 – 0.093 W/mK.
It is worth noting that fiberboard for a long time does not swell at air humidity above 50%, as well as during prolonged immersion in water.
Types of fiberboard
In total, there are 5 types of fiberboard, differing in technical characteristics and scope of application.
Soft porous fiberboard
In most cases, it is used as insulation and soundproofing material. In this case, the slab is used as a substrate for floor or wall materials. The maximum thickness of fiberboard is no more than 25 mm, and the density is 350 kg/m3. The main disadvantage is the low strength of the building material. Soft fiberboard is divided into three grades: M1, M2 and M3.
Semi-solid fibreboard. Widely used in furniture production: the back walls of cabinets and the bottom of kitchen drawers are made from it. Density – up to 850 kg/m3, thickness – up to 12 mm. Brand – NT.
Solid fiberboard
Used for the manufacture of panel doors. main feature– low porosity of the building material. Density – up to 800 – 1100 kg/m3, thickness – up to 6 mm. Brands – T, T-V, T-P, T-S, T-SP.
Extra-hard, high-strength fiberboard. It is used for the manufacture of interior doors, partitions, arches. Density – from 950 kg/m3, thickness – up to 5 mm. Brand – ST.
Noble fiberboard
It is not officially described in GOST; companies independently develop its standards. This building material combines best properties all four varieties. The boards can be painted or laminated and used as furniture upholstery or decorative paneling.
Fiberboard is an abbreviation for wood-based panel material made from wood, polymer and adhesive materials. The described products belong to economy class materials. Fiberboard is used for furniture manufacturing, repair, construction, industrial production. It can serve as a replacement for expensive materials of natural origin, replacing expensive ones, but not inferior in quality.
Features of fiberboard material
Wood waste is most often used to make fiberboard, but natural raw materials are used for expensive sheets. Using a hot press, wood waste, antiseptics and synthetic resins are mixed to achieve the desired thickness and density. Based on the quality of pressing, the following types of material are distinguished:
- Soft - this option is used for floors and cladding; it has a density of one hundred kilograms per cubic meter. It is a competitor to drywall.
- Semi-solid - has a density of four hundred kilograms per cubic meter, furniture is made from it.
- Solid has a density of eight hundred and fifty kilograms per cubic meter, and is indispensable in construction.
- Superhard has a density of one thousand kilograms per cubic meter, a universal option for use in carriage building and furniture production.
- The insulating material has a low density and is used in areas with minimal mechanical stress.
- Finishing has a laminated side and is used for decorating a home or furniture; it has a low density and is not suitable for strong mechanical loads.
Fiberboard markings and dimensions
When choosing fiberboard material, you need to pay attention to the product labeling and many other criteria. For example, soft panels are divided into three varieties with the letter M and numbers from one to three. As for solid panels, they have the following designation:
- T - ordinary solid fiberboard panel;
- TP - solid panel with coating on one side;
- TS - solid panel with a face made of chips;
- TSP - solid panel with the front side coated and with the addition of chips;
- ST - regular super-hard panel;
- STS is a super-hard panel with chips interspersed on the front side.
Any type of fiberboard has a thickness of three centimeters and two millimeters. The length ranges from two meters fourteen centimeters to two meters seventy-five centimeters. The width of the sheets is one meter twenty-two centimeters and one meter seventy centimeters.
Scope of use of fiberboard and advantages of the material
Today, fiberboard is a very popular material used for wall decoration, flooring and furniture. The wood composition of the panel retains heat very well, has high sound insulation abilities, and helps create coziness. The material has a low cost, which distinguishes it from other similar options.
Strong and weak sides material directly depend on indicators such as thickness and density. Depending on the purpose, soft and different hardness products are chosen. The required sheet size and color scheme are also selected.
The material is easy to clean; just wipe the sheet with a damp cloth, but it is worth keeping in mind that you cannot wet the surface of the sheet too much, and you should also not use synthetic detergents.
If you need to cover the surface of the walls with fiberboard material, you do not need to specifically level the wall for this; the main requirement is a dry surface.
The material has high performance and is durable, and reasonable cost sheets makes the purchase of fiberboard a priority.
The surface of the product can be painted or repainted to update the look or to add newness. Also applicable is the use decorative plaster, which will in no way affect the quality of the material.
Fiberboard is one of those few materials that have virtually no disadvantages. There is only one disadvantage of the material - insufficient thickness. Longitudinal load does not have any effect on the panel, but the transverse one will definitely disrupt the integrity. This requires special care and attention when installing sheets on the wall. It is extremely important not to leave air gaps between the fiberboard sheet and the wall, because the panel may be damaged during the cladding process.
Laminated fiberboard advantages and disadvantages
Laminated fiberboard sheets are attractive and multifunctional. They are used for furniture production, in construction, during finishing work. the material is made in various color solutions and different textures. The material is thin and very flexible when compared to chipboard sheet the same performance.
Laminated fiberboard panels can be cut into parts of the required shape and size. This does not require special equipment. It is enough to use a regular jigsaw, but for speed, it is ideal to use an electric tool.
Laminated fiberboard sheet is an environmentally friendly material with high technical characteristics; it can serve as a raw material for processing. The cost of the panel is quite affordable, and its excellent characteristics suggest that the material is a priority for use in construction and repair.
Laminated fibreboard sheets have standard sizes, but differ in thickness. TO strengths materials include its resistance to mechanical stress, a wide range of colors and textures, excellent imitation of trees different breeds, immunity to thermal effects. You can safely place hot objects on the surface of the panel.
To summarize, we can say that the advantages of laminated fiberboard are:
- water resistance;
- ease of processing;
- optimal price;
- homogeneity;
- high strength.
But the material also has disadvantages. The main and serious disadvantage of the panel is the content of formaldehyde resins in the material.
Application of fiberboard for floors, walls or doors
Fiberboard sheets are widely used for wall cladding, finishing flooring or furniture making. Before carrying out any work, you should prepare properly: take measurements, think through the nuances.
Whatever you plan to do with fiberboard panels, answer the important questions:
- how much money can be spent on purchasing materials;
- make a drawing and calculate required amount material, if you find it difficult to do it yourself or have doubts about the correctness, ask professionals for help or calculate online using special calculators on construction sites;
- do not rush to purchase goods here and now, monitor construction market, you may come across promotions and sales of remaining balances;
- try to take advantage of discounts on bulk purchases, purchase everything at the same time, this will help save on delivery;
- It’s not necessary to buy a tool for the job, especially if it’s a one-time job; look for it from friends or rent it.
Fiberboard sheets can be attached in several ways: with clamps, mastic or nails. This type activity does not require special knowledge and anyone can do it home handyman. The material cannot be mounted on any surface immediately after purchase. First, the panels are unpacked and left for about two days at room temperature. They must adapt to the humidity of the room. There is no need to specifically level the walls, but if they are very crooked, then you will still have to do some manipulations to give them a marketable appearance.
Eat various options for attaching material, one of the most popular is the use of fasteners-locks. Glue is also used to attach the material to the base. The material can be attached to the frame using nails. What is preferable to choose is up to you, but it is better to get advice from a person who understands the issue of installing fiberboard.
Necessary tools for installing fiberboard
A huge variety of items can be made from fiberboard panels. To do this, you need to collect a set of tools so that nothing distracts you from your work. The main materials and tools are:
- plumb line on a nylon rope;
- building level;
- electric drill with various drills;
- screwdriver;
- screwdriver;
- long measuring tape;
- triangle for trimming fiberboard sheets;
- felt-tip pen or marker;
- roller;
- stepladder for working at height.
For a one-time job, you don’t need to buy anything; you can borrow from friends or at construction sites that rent tools. But nothing super rare is needed for installing fiberboard panels. Almost everything can be found in a home craftsman's storeroom.
Supplies you will need:
- panels;
- slats for sheathing;
- final corners;
- fastening materials;
- liquid Nails;
- antiseptic solutions;
- primer;
- tape foil;
- insulation (if necessary);
- putty (if necessary).
If you want to make a beautiful and unusual floor, buy decorative material. If you are laying material with the prospect of using a top layer - laminate, parquet and the like, the appearance is not important, you can save money on this. When purchasing material, pay attention to the following points:
- the coating must be the same size;
- there should be no differences in thickness;
- The surface of the sheet should be uniform and uniform.
How to properly process fiberboard sheets with your own hands when painting
In order for the material to serve for a long time, it is necessary to carry out all the preparatory work correctly:
- The fiberboard surface must be coated with a primer, the surface must be allowed to dry, and this must be done only once;
- The structure of the panel is heterogeneous, so applying paint with a brush is problematic; you need to use a roller or spray gun.
If the material requires cutting, you need to practice on small pieces. Only after this they begin to work on large sheets. Cutting fiberboard sheets is not easy; you need some skill.
Using fiberboard for external and internal work
Fiberboard is used both in private households and in production. The scope of use is varied:
- insulation;
- soundproofing;
- thermal insulation;
- production of formwork;
- door manufacturing;
- wall decoration;
- manufacturing various types furniture;
- for finishing of carriages of ground and underground modes of transport;
- floor finishing;
- production of shields;
- production of blanks.
Very often the material is used for the manufacture of arches and wall installations.
Plywood or fiberboard material features
The debate about which material is better continues to this day. Each product has its own strengths and weaknesses and therefore there is no objective answer. You can use each of the materials and replace them with analogues.
Plywood serves many purposes as it is universal material. For example,
- wall cladding;
- floor arrangement;
- roof sealing;
- furniture manufacture;
- mechanical engineering;
- production of containers;
- shipbuilding.
The leaves are made from various types of trees: birch, aspen, linden, alder, conifer, maple.
Plywood is available in two types: laminated and sanded.
The advantages of the material are its properties:
- plywood is an environmentally friendly material;
- has excellent air permeability;
- allows you to create excellent sound insulation;
- has low weight and does not create a load on the structure;
- has an attractive appearance, this allows you to do beautiful decor premises;
- simple installation system.
As you can see, material such as fiberboard is widely used in construction and repair. High performance Fiberboard panels allow multifunctional use of the material. If you still have videos about the main uses of fiberboard, watch the video in which you will find a lot of important and useful information.
Fiberboard – what it is, not everyone can answer right away. And some 50 years ago only technically literate people knew about this material, although its appearance stretches back more than a century and a half and even further.
In contact with
Origin of material
The ancestor of fiberboard can be considered paper made in Ancient China in the second century BC. new era. To produce it, chopped wood was mixed with water and then dried. Fiberboard was patented by Lyman in 1858. Munch developed the American's idea, put the production of fiberboard on an industrial basis and used hot pressing. Creating slabs high density The world owes, again, to the American Mason, who in 1924, due to an error, received a “wet” version of the manufacture of this unusual material.
Name
To create fiberboard, which is interpreted as fibreboard, wood fibers are used, converted into a homogeneous mass by pressing or drying.
The strength of the material depends on the quality of the fiber weave.
During the production process, adhesive additives and water-repellent chemical additives are used.
The result is sheet material rectangular shape, ideal for the furniture industry, construction.
Fiberboard is often confused with hardboard, but the error is insignificant. Hardboard: what is it, how does it differ from wood fiber board? Having the same characteristics, materials differ in characteristics. As a rule, hardboard has a higher density; slabs made from it differ in one decorative, “glossy” side.
Compound
Fiberboard compares favorably with other materials that use wood, since fine-structured waste from the woodworking industry is used for production, which increases the economic effect and does not harm the environment. Fiberboard is made from shredded wood chips, crushed wood, or firewood. Adding paraffin or rosin to the mass increases moisture resistance. Physical and mechanical properties the material is increased by synthetic resins. In addition, antiseptics and fire retardants are added.
Important! Fiberboard is highly porous, so when painting the fiberboard surface it will require 2-3 times more paint than ordinary wood.
Manufacturing process
Fiberboard production has not changed its pattern for half a century. The beginning of the process looks like this:
- With the help of washing and absorbent substances, the wood pulp is freed from debris, sand, and clay.
- Metal particles are removed from dried wood chips using a magnet.
- The fibers are ground sequentially.
- The resulting mass is mixed with paraffin and resins in a defibrillator.
There are two ways to make wood fiber boards. When “wet”, part of the prepared mass is glued together using water-repellent substances, after which everything is sent under the press. The dry method eliminates the initial washing of the wood; instead, it is dried.
Kinds
The division of fiberboards by type is determined by the density of the material. Now the industry produces fiberboard with low and medium density (soft), from semi-hard varieties (semi-hard), with hard and super-hard density (semi-hard).
Soft
The type has a porous structure, low thermal conductivity and is not durable. Density is limited to 150–350 kg/cm. cube Fibreboard thickness – from 8 to 25 mm. The slabs are marked with the letter M with the addition of numbers 1, 2, 3. Due to low strength characteristics, soft fiberboard is used as a cushioning material. It is used as thermal insulation and sound insulation. The material differs from plasterboard more easy installation and lower cost. Soft look Fiberboard is an excellent underlay for floor coverings and allows you to obtain perfectly smooth surfaces
Half hard
This is fiberboard with a density of about 850 kg/cm3. The thickness of semi-solid fiberboard varies from 6 to 12 mm. Most often it is used as the back walls of various furniture and as a backing for flooring. Fiberboard is widely used as a packaging material (box making).
Hard and extra hard
The most durable of all types of fiberboard. Has low porosity. Density – from 800 to 1000 kg/cm3.
Using wood fiber boards of this type, the back walls of various furniture are made, ensuring the production drawers and panel doors.
Discharge solid type fibreboards continue to be super-hard. Their density is above 950 kg/cm. cube
Hardboard is used for cladding external and internal surfaces premises as flooring. It is used to produce interior partitions, doors and frames.
From super-hard fiberboard it turns out good furniture. A house made of fiberboard can be used as a temporary or country house building.
The division of hard and super hard fibreboards is determined by strength characteristics, as well as the density and type of the front panel. Fibreboard marking gives comprehensive information about the material (see Table 1):
Types of surface finishes
Noble
Treated fiberboard or fiberboard is distinguished by its presentable decorative appearance. For its production, wet fiberboards are used.
This material has a multi-layer coating. After careful priming, several layers of varnish are applied to the front panel. The coatings are based on high-quality acrylic dispersions.
The varnish layer protects the material from mechanical damage. At the same time, DVPO significantly increases its strength. It is usually produced with a pattern that imitates valuable species tree.
Parts and back walls of cabinet furniture are made from DFPO. This material is used to decorate ceilings and walls. Fiberboard panels with a refined front surface are used in the manufacture of doors and door frames.
Under laminate
Laminated fiberboard is excellent finishing material at finishing works, it is ideal for furniture production. In the process of creating LDVP, the standard mode for all fiberboards is used. The prepared material is placed under a press heated to a high temperature, which is ensured by the circulation of heated mineral oil. A matrix is attached to the press, which has the texture of a pattern intended for embossing on the front panel of fiberboard (in this way, a finish like brick, shagreen, and various types of wood is obtained). After covering the sheets with a special melamine film, which has a low degree of hardening, a heated press presses the design into the material. Thanks to high temperature and pressure, melamine resins begin to melt and penetrate into surface layer Fiberboard, merging with it into a single whole. This method eliminates adhesives from the process. Lamination can be done on both sides of the board. The material is highly durable and not susceptible to moisture.
The most common types of HDF:
- Under the lining. Acts as wall and floor covering.
- Tiled. Allows you to obtain an original finish.
- Sheet. Differs in versatility.
HDF is widely used for design interior spaces, such as facade walls of furniture, to create arches and interior ceilings.
Attention! In addition to aesthetic properties, laminated fiberboards have high sound insulation properties. They are great for finishing studios, auditoriums and rooms where silence is needed.
Laminated
When producing laminated fiberboards, decorative facing materials are glued onto the sheets. CDVPs are obtained using two methods:
- cold. After processing the sheets using brush rollers, they are treated with glue followed by application of a roll facing material. The strength of the connection is achieved by passing the panels between the rollers;
- hot or thermal lamination. The plates are heated by infrared irradiation. After applying the glue and decorative covering, the sheets are passed through hot rollers (calamanders).
Laminated fiberboard has a perfectly smooth, satin surface.
Sheet size standards
In theory, the size of a fiberboard sheet has no restrictions; it all depends on production capabilities. However, for the convenience of designing and working with the material in industry, there are standards that define standard sizes of fiberboard.
The thickness of the fiberboard is fixed by the following indicators:
- for soft – 8, 12, 16 and 25 mm;
- for semi-solid – 6, 8 and 12 mm;
- for hard and superhard - 2.5, 3.2, 4.5 and 6 mm.
The dimensions of fiberboards are subject to GOST 10632-2007 and are also determined for each type of fiberboard:
Soft ones are available in lengths: 1220, 1600, 1800, 2500, 2700 and 3000 mm, with a width of 1200 or 1700 mm.
Semi-hard, hard and super-hard have the following lengths: 2140, 2440, 2745, 3050, 3350, 3660 mm. Thickness – 1220, 1525, 1830, 2140 mm.
Due to its properties, wood fiber board has a number of advantages, namely:
- has high moisture resistance and can be used for external cladding;
- is an excellent heat and sound insulating material;
- easy to process and install;
- allows you to quickly obtain perfectly smooth surfaces;
- exhibits resistance to mechanical stress;
- It has long term operation;
- has a small mass;
- relatively inexpensive in price;
- easy to clean.
Attention! Scientists have found that the use of 1 million m² of fiberboard makes it possible to replace 16 thousand m³ of high-quality lumber, that is, save 54 thousand m³ of wood.
Flaws
Despite all its attractiveness, fiberboard material is not without its drawbacks:
- Narrow scope of application (with the exception of MDF).
- High toxicity. Processing fibreboards requires increased safety and ventilation measures.
- Low resistance to lateral loads. Installation of sheets must be carried out with extreme care.
- Due to its high fragility, it is impossible to perform fine milling work on the material.
The negative aspects do not in any way detract from the advantages of fiberboard, and every year this material expands the scope of its application.
