DIY disc grinding machine. Homemade wood sanding machine: design and assembly steps Homemade belt sanding machine
- Materials for assembling the machine
- Engine selection
- Assembly of drums and tape
- Build process
The main function of wood sanding machines is finishing natural material using abrasive elements. Machines and devices of various types can have a wide range of capabilities and allow sharpening knives, grinding decorative and furniture products, and also perform internal and external polishing of workpieces.
Modern units are capable of ultra-fine polishing, giving products an ideal smooth surface . One of the advantages of such equipment is excellent performance and high efficiency both when performing a rough roughing process and during high-speed grinding.
In production you can often find calibrating, disc and oscillating (spindle) types of grinding units. No less popular are the disc sander, belt grinder and drum polisher. The kinematics of all grinding devices without exception, be it a calibration or polishing sample, is based on rotation or movement wooden part along a straight or arc path and simultaneous rotation of the working part of the unit, but this applies to stationary machines. If you mean hand tool, then we are not talking about the movement of the workpiece, but only the grinding machine moves. Returning to stationary grinding machines for wood, we note that it is better to perform high-quality surface treatment of large-sized products on belt samples. Factory equipment is not cheap, so many owners of small home workshops are increasingly interested in how to make a belt sanding machine themselves.
Design of belt units
To have an idea about the manufacture of a sanding unit with an sanding belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:
- an abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the frame;
- a pair of drums (drive and tension cylinders). In this case, the kinematics provide for the launch of the driving element using an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
- metal or wooden table, and the first option makes it possible to work with more complex parts;
- an electric motor with a power of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m/second;
- a hood that removes wood dust.
There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are to be processed on this unit. Every experienced master will confirm that working with equipment is more comfortable if the person being processed wooden element inferior in length to the working surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sanding machine will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, belt units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint coatings, will handle the processing of edges and ends, sand curved shapes and polish a flat wooden piece of furniture.
Materials for assembling the machine
Many novice carpenters make a grinding machine from a drill, but we propose to create an improved tool. Before assembling a belt sanding machine with your own hands, you need to decide on the material for the manufacture of its main components. For example, it is better to make a desktop from thick metal, giving preference overall dimensions canvas within 500x180x20 mm. We draw your attention to the fact that the larger the bed, the more functional it is and the more varied the parts that are planned to be processed will be.
Table
Making a working surface looks like this:
- Cut off one side of the metal sheet.
- Carry out markings.
- Three holes are drilled at the end of the cut fabric, through which work surface bolted to the frame.
Engine selection
A homemade wood grinding unit is equipped with a motor, and in this case an electric drive from a washing machine is suitable, although you can choose any motor with a power of about 2.8 kW, capable of performing an average of 1200-1500 rpm. The drive is tightly fixed in a stationary state to the frame.
Assembly of drums and tape
Now we have to make two drums for the surface grinding unit, for which we will need a sheet of chipboard, from which blanks of 200x200 mm are cut and a package with a diameter of 240 mm is assembled. After assembly, the structure is machined to a diameter of 200 mm. The drive cylinder is installed on the drive shaft, and it is this that will drive the abrasive material. The tension element is fixed around the axis of the frame on bearings.
Make sure that the belt can easily touch the tabletop, which is achieved by ensuring a bevel on the side of the drum.
When assembling the drums, do not forget that they inner diameter should exceed the outer one by several millimeters. This is necessary so that the tape is placed in the middle of the cylinder and does not slip off. Now we need a sanding belt, for which abrasive sanding material, cut into strips and then glued together with a high-quality adhesive, is suitable.
Drum grinding unit
Just like industrial designs, household units can have different configurations, although, as noted earlier, their kinematic diagram and operating principle are similar. Above we told you how to assemble belt sanding equipment, and now we’ll find out what to use to make a homemade drum sander.
In this case, instead of a stretched abrasive belt, the homemade product is equipped with a disk shaped like a drum, which is used to polish wooden blanks. As in the previous case, this simple type of aggregate is created quickly and without much difficulty, and here we also don’t need complex circuit or intricate drawings.
Build process
When building a drum sanding machine with your own hands, you can use asynchronous motor from the washing machine, and in addition to it from old typewriter remove pulleys, belt and useful electronic parts. Sanding drums are usually made from bars cylindrical, wooden rings, cardboard or plastic pipes.
When starting to make a wood grinding machine, cut a segment from the pipe, equal to length the main grinding element so that it is slightly shorter than the rod, to which it will subsequently be fixed. End caps equal to the diameter of the pipe, with holes in the middle, are cut out of a sheet of plywood. The plugs are fixed in the end sides of the pipe using screws.
Now you can install the rod axle, fixed with reliable glue. The surface of the pipe is covered with sheet rubber, which will ensure a better fit of the workpiece. The emery cloth is attached in a spiral to the surface of the drum with a stapler, and sanding drum ready.
The body and working surface of the unit are made of wood or thick plywood. The movable part of the desktop in front is attached to an adjusting screw, and at the back it is mounted on hinges. The engine is hung on the lower part of the body, where a hole is made in advance, and the drum, made by hand, is attached to the upper part of the frame. The rod (axis) sits on both sides on bearings fixed to the side posts. At the final stage, the pulleys are installed on the axle and the belt drive is pulled through. To consolidate the knowledge gained, we suggest watching the video.
Treatment metal parts and preparations are performed in several ways. Special equipment is used to remove a small layer of material, sharpening or grinding. The cost of factory models is high, and they do not always have the required functionality. Therefore, many home craftsmen prefer to make a metal grinding machine with their own hands with certain operational and technical qualities.
Characteristics of grinding machines
For domestic use, it is recommended to choose simple diagram manufacturing - belt or disk grinding machine. The workpiece will be fed manually; in addition, a support table can be provided to fix it. There is no point in trying to make a complex internal grinding design or with a honing function. Manufacturing costs will be high, and practical use for a home workshop is minimal.
- Electric motor characteristics. Power - up to 500 W, speed - 1400.
- Maximum speed belt movement – 330 m/s.
- Possibility to change the tilt angle of the moving belt up to 45°.
- The diameter of the grinding disc is up to 230 mm.
- Execution type: desktop.
- Availability of end and side tables. They will be used to fix the workpiece.
The simplest option for making a grinding machine is to use a sharpening machine. However, processing can only be carried out with the end of the disk, the width of which is limited. This scheme is only relevant for sharpening tools or processing small parts and workpieces.
Belt Sanding Machine
The best option for domestic use would be the tape model. Structurally, it consists of a system of shafts on which an abrasive belt is installed. Changing the angle of inclination and degree of tension occurs using spring mechanism. It is recommended to make the frame wooden, as it is easier than producing a steel body.
Used Consumables and components:
- Guide drums. They are made from hard wood. Recommended diameter: 15 cm.
- Bed. It is also made from wooden blanks. The configuration depends on the dimensions of the machine and is determined independently.
- Drum mounts. These could be pins with bearings.
- Electric motor and torque transmission mechanism. A belt drive is used. To adjust the speed, discs are used under the belt. various diameters installed on the motor shaft.
- Tension mechanism. Necessary for adjusting the tension of the sanding tape. It is a lever mounted on a frame with the function of changing the height position. The design includes springs for smooth tension changes and a lock.
The assembly of the structure is carried out in stages. According to the developed scheme, components are made. They are then mounted on the frame. It is recommended to place the electric motor start button in convenient place for quickly turning on or off equipment. You can also install a protective shield made of polycarbonate.
Disk model
In some cases there is a need to process large area metal blank. Using a belt sander will not be acceptable, since it is difficult to achieve uniform removal of material over the entire surface. For these purposes, a disk model is required.
You can do it in two ways:
- Modernization band press. The area of the frame is increased; a shaft with fastenings of a wooden disk (with 4 screws) with a diameter of up to 230 mm is installed on it. The drive is a belt drive, with the same speed switching. Additionally, a support table is manufactured.
- . It consists of an electric motor, on the shaft of which a fastener for a wooden disk is mounted. The disadvantage of this design is that it is impossible to change the rotation speed of the grinding wheel.
Another design option for a grinding machine is to install the shaft vertically. An abrasive belt is attached to the outer part of the cylinder. Such models are used for processing wooden structures.
No home craftsman can do without hand power tools. But sometimes there comes a time when such a tool is not enough, and the help of serious equipment is required. For example, a belt sanding machine can process the surfaces of large parts. Industrial units are too expensive, so many craftsmen make their own grinding machines.
Belt Sanding Machine Design
Wood is widely used to make all kinds of products and parts. In order to process wooden blank properly used various equipment. Careful, high-precision processing of wood is carried out on belt sanding machines, which, as a working tool, have an abrasive belt.
The design of the grinding unit includes:
- An abrasive belt that can be positioned horizontally or vertically. It is installed on the frame and placed between the rotating drums.
- Lead and slave drums. The rotation of the drive drum occurs due to an electric motor, which transmits torque through a belt drive. The rotation speed of the leading element, and therefore the speed of movement of the belt, can be adjusted by specially established surface treatment modes.
- The equipment table can be wooden or metal. More complex workpieces can be sharpened on a metal base.
- The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be capable of providing the belt with a normal speed of 20 meters per second.
- A special mounting hood must be installed so that during technological process it was possible to remove dust generated during operation.
Length of the machine and its working tools depends on the length of the products, which will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the working surface.
What are grinding machines used for?
As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing machining products for final stages production. Belt sanders can work with both wood and metal.
Woodworking equipment is capable of finally level the surfaces, remove roughness and irregularities in the form of elevations or depressions, remove burrs, grind curves, do internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.
Metal cutting machines work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and rectangular blanks and with plain and alloy steel. They are able to polish efficiently and in a short time large diameter pipes and round timbers.
In addition, belt sanders intended:
- for sanding products before the paint coating procedure;
- for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
- for processing flat surfaces;
- for grinding curved surfaces.
Manufacturing instructions
Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.
What to make the bed out of?
It is best to make a desktop from thick iron. The ideal dimensions of the canvas are 500x180x20 mm. However, the larger the dimensions of the frame, the more options various parts it can be processed.
Large work surface will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. To make it you will need:
- Cut one side of the canvas prepared for the table using milling machine on metal.
- Make markings.
- Drill three holes in the end of the cut piece.
- Secure with three bolts work site on the bed.
Selecting and installing a motor for the machine
The motor for the unit can be a motor from a washing machine. If this is not available, then you can select a motor whose rated power will be up to 3 kW, and the operating intensity will be about 1500 rpm. The power unit for the grinding machine should be tightly and securely fixed to the frame.
Master and slave drums
You can make such elements for a grinding machine yourself from a material such as chipboard. To do this you need:
- Cut out chipboard sheet workpieces measuring 200x200 mm.
- Assemble a package 240 mm thick from the resulting blanks.
- Fold everything and grind until optimal diameter at 200 mm.
- Attach the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
- The driven drum is secured around the machine axis on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure the tape touches the work surface softly.
When making drums, it is worth considering that diameter of their central part should be a couple of millimeters larger than the outer diameter. This is necessary to ensure stable operation of the equipment, since the flexible tape will be located in the middle of the drum.
DIY sanding belt
As sanding belt you can take several sanding strips. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued together. Ideal option the basis for the canvas will be a tarpaulin.
Having assembled the structure from all the selected elements, you can safely begin processing the wood.
Sanding machine from a hand sander
Taking a hand-held grinder as a basis, the remaining parts of the equipment can be made with your own hands from chipboard, pine and birch bars. The U-shaped stop is glued with PVA glue, the remaining elements of the unit are connected with screws.
The base of the machine can be connected by loops two pieces of chipboard. For greater strength, the hinges are secured with M6 bolts.
The grinding machine is installed to the base using bars, which are pre-fitted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.
The grinder is attached to the front suitable size furniture confirmants. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.
The machine is attached to the base from the back with a block and two screws. To ensure that the thrust pad and the grinding plane are in line, pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body.
In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, you can make a groove for moving a small carriage, which may be useful I use an electric planer for sharpening knives.
After securing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can be used.
Having studied the options for making a belt sanding machine with your own hands and strictly following the instructions, you can acquire multifunctional equipment. Such equipment will be capable of not only grinding wood products, but also sharpening any cutting tools.
Nowadays, there are no surfaces that are not smooth. Smoothness is achieved through various grinding devices. Professional equipment costs big money and not everyone will be able to purchase it, moreover, such machines have a fairly high weight and dimensions.
Fortunately, skillful hands our country has become adept at producing analogues of equipment for such a modest budget. Grinding machine also did not stand aside and was subjected to modernization of manual craftsmanship. It is with this homemade machine that we will continue to get acquainted.
There is a huge amount grinding equipment, which makes any wood surface very smooth. It consists of a frame on which a special frame with an electric motor is located (for homemade products, motors are used washing machines OK) and mechanism. The mechanism itself, in turn, includes shafts, pulleys and an abrasive belt.
Application area
They are used in all industries where wood is processed. Often, any rough products have an uneven and rough surface. Such blanks cannot simply be painted and put up for sale or installed anywhere. Therefore, for further processing of wood, all its surfaces can be sanded.
Grinding machines are also used for processing sagging and chamfering, and rounding corners. In addition, the grinding tool gives any surface a smooth leveling and calibration.
Types of wood sanding machine
Depending on the surface being treated, there are the following types grinding machines:
Belt sanding tool
This equipment uses an abrasive belt that is tensioned by two shafts. These shafts are driven by an asynchronous electric motor. During wood processing, the abrasive belt does not sag, but rests against the working plane, which has a low coefficient of friction. The tape can be positioned both horizontally and vertically. The advantage of this equipment is the processing of long workpieces.
Universal grinding unit
In this case, the machine has two working grinding surfaces. One is a ribbon surface, and the other is circular (disc). This universal machine created for the convenience of working on it. By the way, this configuration will significantly save your budget. This device uses only one motor. Based on this, when working on two working surfaces, the load on the motor will not increase much.
Drum grinding tool
In this case, the abrasive belt is wound on two rollers in a spiral manner. Under the rollers there is a tabletop with a smooth surface. The gap between the tabletop and the rollers is adjustable to the required distance. Using such a machine, you can calibrate the surface of a wood piece.
Disc grinding tool
The working area of this equipment is an abrasive wheel. A circle with Velcro is attached to the axis of the electric motor, onto which the abrasive is attached. After starting the engine, abrasive wheel rotates around its axis, thereby performing grinding. This type of machine has the ability to regulate the processing speed, and the number of axis revolutions will not decrease.
On each of four types machines can perform certain operations. Now that we have an idea of what grinding equipment looks like, it's time to disassemble the design of the machine.
In addition to the above machines, there are also portable ones. grinding machines . And that’s not all, in order not to spend money on machines, people came up with sanders from a drill, from Bulgarian. The fact is that attachments are attached to these tools and the same grinding is carried out.
Advice: If you still decide to purchase a factory grinding machine, then decide in advance on the work and loads that your device will undergo, and only then make the purchase. The same applies to homemade tools.
Calculation of power for the motor
Important! Before creating any homemade creation that performs grinding functions, it is extremely important to correctly calculate the power of the electric drive. After all, if the motor power is weak or, on the contrary, strong, then you will not be able to do any work.
Power calculation is carried out using a special formula, which belongs to the category of complex mathematical calculations.
The formula is as follows
P=q*S*(K+k)*U/1000*n
Where each designation means the following
- q - Means the pressure of the processed wood part on the plane of the abrasive blade (N/ square centimeter).
- k - Index of friction of the reverse side of the abrasive on the working surface.
- n - Efficiency of the entire system.
- K - Indicator of the working plane of the abrasive relative to the workpiece. The priority is the density of the wood and its grain size. The limits of this indicator range from 0.2 to 0.6.
- S - The area of the workpiece that comes into contact with the abrasive, measured in square centimeters.
- U - The speed of rotation of the abrasive, measured in meters per second.
When you calculate using the formula required power electric drive of your future unit, you can safely start assembling the machine as a whole.
It's time to get acquainted with the design homemade machine. Blueprints all four types of equipment can be found in free access for viewing and downloading, as well as downloading all kinds of photo scheme. As an example for visual study, consider a belt sanding tool.
Machine design and diagrams
Any assembly homemade equipment begins with the design of the frame or foundation of the future machine equipment. This can be done using metal material, or from wood material. The standard dimensions of the frame are 500 mm x 180 mm, and the thickness should be 2 cm.
After making the base, you can proceed to the next steps. An asynchronous motor can be installed in several places so that its operation is complete. Prepare a plane on the frame itself or make a platform for the motor, which will be attached to the end of the frame. The other side of the frame is designed to accommodate the shaft, with a pulley for the belt and rollers for the abrasive belt. The tape itself is installed with a slight slope. This is done so that the abrasive comes into smooth and accurate contact with the workpiece plane being processed.
Tip: Before installing the abrasive strip on the rollers, you need to wrap a thin strip of rubber around them. This will reduce the strip slipping during operation.
As we can see from the diagram and drawing, the design of the grinding equipment is quite simple. All varieties of these machines are assembled according to the same scheme.
Tip: When assembling your future grinding unit, you must comply with all required dimensions, and also the calculation of all parameters must be done extremely seriously.
When the design is familiar to us, we can proceed to the assembly process.
Grinding machine assembly process
For assembly grinding tool The following items will be required:
- Wood board.
- Wooden blocks or metal profile pipe.
- Ball bearings.
- Electric motor.
- Rubber belt.
- Rubber belt.
- Metal pulley.
- Self-tapping screws, fasteners.
- Abrasive element.
- Working tools (drill, grinder, screwdriver, jigsaw, etc.).
- Welding machine (if the frame structure consists entirely of metal).
After we have decided on the materials and working tools, we can begin assembling all the parts and elements into one mechanism. To do this, the frame is assembled. It can be metal (consist of a metal profile pipe) or wood (consist of wooden blocks and solid wood).
When the bed is ready
You can begin installing the motor. The motor power should be no less than 2.5 kW and no more than 3 kW, with an engine speed of 1200 to 1500 rpm. A belt pulley is installed on the motor shaft. The motor is installed on one side of the frame. Motors are often used from washing machines used in everyday life.
On the other side
There is a shaft with bearings, on one side of which a pulley is attached, and on the other side a roller, on which an abrasive belt will later be placed. The shaft and motor pulley must be positioned in a level horizontal plane. The belt tension mechanism should be located in the same area.
Next from wood
Either a stand is constructed from plywood or metal, on which the remaining rollers will be placed and the sanding tape will be put on. There must also be a tension mechanism. In addition, there must be a working bar against which the abrasive belt will rub.
A start button is installed on the frame, usually at the end. The electrical circuit of the machine must be grounded.
After that
Once everything is done, you can make the first start and configure the equipment properly. When the settings are made, the first workpiece is run and the result of the work is checked. If everything was successful, it means that you did everything right.
For visual clarity and a complete understanding of the entire assembly process, you can download video instructions.
General reviews and summary
As a rule, on the Internet about this type of equipment only positive reviews. Indeed, when in everyday life it is necessary to give this or that wooden thing a smooth surface, then the presence of sanding tools is indispensable.
Video reviews
Video review of a homemade grinding machine:
Video review on choosing grinding equipment:
Video review of the belt sanding machine:
Video review of eccentric sanders:
Homemade disc grinding machine, made by a craftsman with his own hands: detailed photos manufacturing with description.
I decided to make a grinding machine for my garage. In the bins I found an old Soviet-made engine, power about 1 kW, 1420 rpm.
This means I completely disassembled this electric motor and cleaned it of rust using sandpaper and needle files.
On distribution box the nut was lost, I had to put the nut from the adapter on the plastic pipe.
I polished the body with GOI paste.
Then I cleaned and painted the casing, using primer, paint and varnish.
I ordered a plan washer from a turner. Outside diameter- 100 mm, 4 holes and one in the center, all with a diameter of 4 mm, the thickness of the washer itself is 4 mm. However, it turned out that the plan washer is put on the engine shaft with at least a little effort, but by hand, and it needs to be done with a little tension. The foil doesn't fit, it's too tight, so I applied a layer of primer.
Then I made a working surface - a chipboard disk. I bought 2 pieces of chipboard 16 mm thick, for coarse sandpaper and fine sandpaper. 5 or 6 layers of PF-170 varnish were applied in a circle.
To accurately install the disk, I did this: in the center of the plan washer (into a pre-drilled hole during manufacture), I drove a short nail and aligned it with drilled hole in the center of the disk, marked and drilled 4 holes in the disk for fastening.
He drowned the screw caps and placed them on epoxy resin so that they do not turn when tightening the nuts.
I made the bed from an old closet door.
I installed capacitors.
I glued sandpaper No. 60 to the disk with PVA glue. Maximum size the disk that can be used is 330 mm.
