Wood pantograph. Types of copy-milling devices. Self-production of the machine. DIY wood copying machine Pantograph for wood carving
Wood is one of the main materials that people use in everyday life for the manufacture of furniture, interior decoration, decorative architectural elements, household and garden supplies and much more.
Wood copying machine.
One or two things can be done hand tools or using woodworking equipment.
But how to process a large number of completely identical products with the least amount of labor and time? In this case, copying machines will come to the rescue. One of them is copying milling machine on wood.
The article discusses its structure and principle of operation, and also offers some advice to those who want to make the device themselves.
Copy-milling machines (CFS) are designed for processing wood parts using the copying method. Types of method:
- contour or 2-dimensional (2-D) milling;
- volumetric or 3-dimensional (3D) copying.
One method or another is used depending on the shape of the product being processed.
The main advantage of copying machines is that you can produce any number of parts with curvilinear contour, which are a copy of the original instance. They will all be absolutely identical. At the same time, the machine has the flexibility to switch to processing another part, just change the standard.
Therefore, their scope of application is quite wide: from small-scale production to mass production. Along with fairly large machines for industrial use, there are compact desktop devices. Copying machines are used in furniture production, woodworking shops, in carpentry workshops of individual entrepreneurs.
Milling heads (milling cutter) are often used as a working unit in small machines. Its rotation frequency is sufficient to ensure the required surface quality (no chips, splits, burrs).
Examples of processed products
Below is shown a far from complete composition of products manufactured using FSC:
- furniture parts - fronts, headboards, backs, legs of chairs and armchairs;
- interior items - fireplace frame, wooden panels, frames, stands;
- souvenir products - figurines, boxes, medallions;
- building structures - framing arched windows, filling paneled doors;
- architectural elements - bas-reliefs, decorative friezes and borders, window casings(slotted or relief), cornice carving;
- decorative fencing - elements of railings, balusters, screens with ornaments, fence details;
- wooden elements of the weapon - butt, fore-end;
- handles of gardening tools, for example, an axe.
As you can see, the listed parts have significant differences from each other, both in size and shape. If we group them according to the most common features, then it becomes obvious that To process parts belonging to the same group, your own design (layout) of the machine is required.
The principle of operation of the copier
To replicate the product, one of the copies is used, which serves as a template. The head with the cutting tool (mill) is connected into one unit with a copy probe.
With 2-dimensional milling, the probe moves along the generatrix of the copied contour, and the rotating tool repeats this movement, resulting in a copy of the template.
When to mill volumetric part, the copying tip scans the 3-dimensional model and forces the cutter to move along an equidistant (similar) path. The nature of the movements of copying machines is of 2 types:
- The template and the workpiece are stationary, the cutting head moves in longitudinal direction, removing a certain amount of material in one double stroke.
- The template and the workpiece (one or more) rotate, and the cutter moves radially along the copier. As a result, it repeats the profile of the copied section. In this case, the cutting unit or part is evenly moved along the longitudinal axis of the product.
A particular type of copying and engraving work is the milling of drawings or ornaments according to a template, which is a pasted paper copy printed on a printer.
As a program for creating a drawing, you can use AVTOCAD, Compass, Word, Paint and others. To avoid tearing the paper, a soft insert (wood or plastic) is inserted into the copying tip.
Choosing the layout of a homemade machine
What you need to know when starting to develop your original device.
First of all, you should determine what parts it is intended for. Next, you should select the forming movements and the number of machine axes. To process flat parts using the contour copying method, 2 axes are sufficient: longitudinal and transverse movement. Parts with low relief require another movement (perpendicular).
However, if the terrain is steep, then the tool axis must be additionally rotated to ensure best conditions for processing. That is, there are already 4 axes. In some cases, 5 or more axes will be required. When imagining the processing technology in your head, you should take into account everything possible situations. After manufacturing the machine, add additional movements may prove problematic.
Finally, the machine must be configured in such a way that control forces are minimal. This means that moving parts should be as light as possible. Think about which layout is better to choose: horizontal or vertical. Firstly, the convenience of work, as well as loading and unloading of workpieces, depends on this. Secondly, with a vertical arrangement, the chips fall directly to the floor or into a trough, and do not accumulate on the base or in the mechanisms of the machine.
The milling head should be selected as high-speed as possible. This is important factor, affecting the quality of processing (the height of the scallops from the cutter decreases).
Some examples
Pantograph
Photo 1: machine for cutting letters.
Used for flat threads. Its design is based on a geometric figure - a parallelogram. One of the properties of this mechanism is that the nodal points describe equidistant curves during movement. Moreover, if the link is lengthened, then its end point will travel a greater distance. This property allows the mechanism to be used for scaling.
The photo shows that the total length with the copying tip at the end is approximately 2 times longer than the side of the parallelogram. This means that the mechanism is magnifying. If you copy a shape with a tip, the cutter will reduce it by 2 times. This will reduce copier errors. Do not forget that the drawing or template is enlarged.
To make a pantograph you will need a purchased router and several dry boards. Apparently it doesn't get any cheaper.
Machine with plane-parallel mechanism
Photo 2: contour milling
The scope of application is also contour milling.
Unlike a pantograph, a curvilinear trajectory is obtained by adding two mutually perpendicular movements. The 3rd axis is used to insert the cutter into the thickness of the part. The weight at the opposite end of the swing frame is designed to balance the system.
Please note a small design flaw: it is better to place the load on threaded rod to allow for adjustment.
Volume milling machine
Photo 3: volumetric milling
At the bottom of the frame there are 2 rotating attachment points for the copier and the workpiece.
The milling head is mounted on a balanced swinging frame, which during operation moves along mutually perpendicular guides.
Instead of linear bearings or sliding bushings, as in the previous device, roller carriages are used here. The advantage of the design is the open base, which makes chip removal easier.
Duplicarver-2
Photo 4: machine for flat-relief and sculpture carving
Serial machine for flat-relief and sculpture carving. An example of simplicity: they say about such structures - two sticks, two rolling pins. Has 5 controlled axes:
- 4 turns (side arms, rotating frame, head, work tables);
- lateral movement of the head.
Longitudinal movement is obtained by adding two rotations: levers and frame. A German milling cutter with a power of 500 W and a spindle speed of 10 - 30 thousand revolutions per minute is used as a power head. Easily carried by one person (weight - 28 kg).
Duplicarver-3
Photo 5: processing of long-length volumetric threads
2 more rolling pin guides (an additional linear axis) have been added to the previous machine, and the rotary work tables are located vertically. As a result, it became possible to process long volume threads.
Below are some drawings that may be useful in making a homemade device.
Drawing 1 - pantograph device
Drawing 2 - diagram of a router mounted on a pantograph 
Drawing 3 - carriage for installing a router on a flat-bed copier
Video: presentation of a homemade copying machine
Do-it-yourself CNC copying machine - is it possible?
All the devices discussed above have manual control, that is, despite the increase in productivity, the person remains chained to the mechanism. This type of work is quite monotonous and tedious. In mass and large-scale production, copy-milling machines equipped with computer numerical control (CNC) are used. All work on such equipment comes down to loading blanks and removing finished products. As an example, the photo shows a similar machine.
A copying machine differs from a conventional CNC milling machine by the presence of a programming system. A traditional CNC machine operates from a control program compiled by the operator in a system, for example, ARTCAM, according to a 3-D model, which is developed at the design stage by a design engineer. If the product was created by a sculptor or designer, it must first be digitized, that is, a 3-D model must be created. This work is performed by a software engineer.
On a CNC copying machine, the control program is compiled by the system itself. When installing a copied product, an additional CNC attachment probes the part and creates its 3-dimensional model, from which a control program is automatically generated. Considering the high cost of components, problems with purchasing a CNC system, making a CNC copying machine yourself is something out of the realm of science fiction. It’s easier to make a CNC milling machine (not a copying machine), although not everyone can handle this either.
For those who are going to start their own business, making crafts from wood, as well as for professional cabinetmakers, a self-made copying machine will be of great help. It can be successfully used for decoration country estate, outbuildings, playgrounds and other facilities. Jewelry work, it would seem, will be done effortlessly and with high quality.
IN modern world, in the community of people who love to do things with their own hands and who do not shy away from technology, such a thing as a desktop CNC machine is extremely popular. Although these devices have become quite accessible, they still remain expensive. Cheapest Chinese version, today, will cost you 700-800 American money and it will probably not work right out of the box, but will require some effort to bring it to fruition. Building a CNC machine yourself can be cheaper, but usually requires access to various kinds woodworking and metalworking equipment and the ability to use it to produce parts with high precision.
But people are always looking for ways to achieve their goals using affordable means.
In some tasks for CNC machines, namely when you need to repeat the same part many times, a pantograph, invented back in 1603 by Christoph Scheiner, can help - a device for copying maps, plans and other vector drawings.
A classic pantograph consists of two vertices, one of which has a pointer handle, which is used to trace the pattern being copied. The second contains a writing instrument, which, through a system of levers and hinges, repeats the movements of the first vertex, drawing a copy on the second sheet. Often, pantographs have the function of scaling the original image.
Simple and brilliant idea. Now, how to copy a certain volumetric object? To do this, you need to add a Z-coordinate connection to the pantograph and replace the pencil with a drill, or better yet, a high-speed spindle, and we will get a 3D pantograph.
Machines for copying wooden products on this principle are produced, for example, by the American company Gemini, but their prices are such that for this money you can buy a good CNC machine from China. Therefore, it is more interesting what the DIY community has achieved in this area.
Frank Ford makes acoustic guitars. At the same time, he has to make many identical guitar parts, such as string holders. Tired of doing it manually, but not wanting to bother with buying and setting up a CNC, he made a duplicator for himself. Because High copying accuracy was important to him; his instrument was made entirely of metal. The probe used to remove the mold and the spindle are fixed on a common frame, which moves only along the Z axis. Movement along the X and Y axes is carried out using a table on which the workpieces are fixed. Another original thing in its design is that it uses a pneumatic drive operating at 40,000 rpm as a spindle.
However, although this is a homemade, it is still an expensive version of the 3D pantograph. There are also cheaper ones.
For example, Adran, dreaming of his own CNC machine, but not having the funds for it. I built myself a duplicator from a Dremel drill, three metal guides and wooden strips standard sizes from the store. A regular screwdriver is used as a probe. Its design can be easily repeated, because he posted the drawings and all the manufacturing stages on the Instructables website.
However, a hand drill is not the most successful tool for such work; its material removal speed is rather low. This is what Matthias Wandel from Canada used in his 3D pantograph hand router. Which gave him enough power to quickly copy objects in the tree. As an example of working with such a duplicator, here is his video where he makes a copy of the shape of an old rotary telephone (English).
Its design can also be repeated, because he has posted plans and manufacturing instructions on his website, Woodgears.ca. Even if you are not fluent in English, you can easily understand the whole process from numerous photographs.
If the topic of 3D pantographs interests you, then on English-language resources examples of such devices can be found under the tags: carving duplicator, duplicarver, pantorouter.
Making a simple copying machine with your own hands at first glance seems like an easy task. There are a lot of photos on the Internet ready-made structures, which impress with their originality and ease of manufacture. Many people are eager to do something like this. But when the homemade copying machine is assembled, it turns out that not everything is so smooth.
Copying machines come with milling and turning. In terms of prevalence, the first place is occupied by milling and copying machines. They are more functional and allow you to get not only round copies, but also free-form copies. They will be discussed in this article.
The biggest problem with a home-assembled milling and copying machine is backlash and vibration. Many home craftsmen complain that when copying a sample, the resulting product has many inconsistencies and flaws that appeared when changing the direction of the molding cutter and shaking supporting structure. In addition, they add to the trouble of bending and bending of the workpiece, associated with an increase in internal stress due to wood sampling. Therefore, when making a copying machine, it is impossible to immediately avoid all the shortcomings. As a rule, after assembly it is necessary to bring the structure to acceptable parameters for some time.
In any case, it is better to make a homemade copying machine not universal, but narrow-profile, that is, optimized for the manufacture of specific products that you need. For example, to efficiently produce wooden part guns, propeller screw and voluminous text, different ones are needed technical solutions, and if they are combined in one machine, then there may be side effects, which will be difficult to fix. Therefore, it is more practical to assemble machines for some a specific task. This approach will avoid many difficulties and unjustified costs.
The size of the machine is also an important factor. The larger the workpiece you plan to process, the more massive the structure should be. Vibrations transmitted from the cutter drive must be absorbed by the mass of the machine's supporting structure. And the guide axles must not only withstand the load, but also have a margin of safety so that they do not bend. At independent design For a milling and copying machine, the optimal parameters for the smooth running of the cutter are selected experimentally.
The principle of operation of a milling and copying machine is as follows: a milling cutter for sampling wood and a probe are installed on a movable frame, which is used to guide the original. The frame lowers to wooden blank, and the milling cutter removes excess wood. The whole point of the design is to ensure simultaneous movement of the cutter and probe in three planes, as well as rotation around the transverse axis. For this purpose, metal guides or wooden hinge systems are used. Wood absorbs vibrations better, is easier to process and has a lower cost. The video at the bottom of the page shows a homemade copying machine for creating flat-relief images and three-dimensional inscriptions with in a non-standard way movement in space. Moreover, this design provides for a twofold reduction in scale. You can download the drawings of the milling and copying machine in one archive at the bottom of the page.
Now making a copy of, for example, a three-dimensional inscription will not be difficult. You can also make a template for creating 3D text yourself. To do this you will need a printed sketch, a couple of cardboard sheets, glue and a stationery knife. We glue the sheet with the sketch and the cardboard together so that the paper does not wrinkle. After drying, use the edge of a stationery knife to carefully cut out the letters exactly according to the sketch. A template height of 2 mm is usually enough to prevent the probe from slipping.
Download the copying machine diagram
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Copy-milling machine “Duplicarver”
The “Duplicarver” copy-milling machine is designed for wood carving, copying sculptures and flat-relief products.
Today it has no analogues on the Russian market in terms of price-quality parameters, and has received wide recognition among professionals and those who are just beginning to master carving.
The machines comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 010/2011 “On the safety of machinery and equipment” and have a declaration of conformity registered in Federal service for accreditation (Rosaccreditation) under the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
Registration number of the declaration of conformity: EAEU N RU D-RU.AB93.V.06056
Our company produces three models of machines.
Duplicarver-1 and Duplicarver-2 allow you to perform two types of threads.
- Volumetric or sculptural carving.
The main type of carving performed on these machines. You will be able to make copies of various sculptures, both simple and complex.
- Flat relief carving. These can be various door panels, panels and other products with a relatively shallow pattern depth. At the same time, the dimensions of the products are limited only by width, and their length can be any, within reasonable limits, of course.
Duplicarver-3 retained all the capabilities of Duplicarver-2 and acquired completely new ones.
Now it is possible to produce long volumetric threads.
- Long volumetric thread.
Do-it-yourself copy milling machine for wood
The most typical objects of carving are gun stocks, table legs, balusters stair railings, long lamps, tall figurines and any other objects whose size corresponds to the working capabilities of the machine.
The working tool of the machine is a high-quality milling cutter produced in Germany. The control system allows you to smoothly change the rotation speed of the cutter from 10,000 to 30,000 rpm.
The machine works very reliably and accurately. You can master the techniques of working with it quite quickly, within a few days. The machine gives real pleasure from the results of its work. The payback period for the machine is one month. Start browsing our website with a photo gallery of works, watch video clips, and you will get an idea of the capabilities of the Duplicarver copy-milling machine.
A copy-milling machine for wood is universal equipment, designed for copying products in two- and three-dimensional format. This unit can copy finished product two-dimensional type, as well as using special copiers and three-dimensional models.
In addition, the technique is often used to engrave profiles and a wide variety of decorative elements. Also, a copy-milling machine for wood can be “entrusted” with simple traditional milling work, which it can handle on a par with traditional milling machines.
This technique is inherently unique, since with its rather primitive device it is able to copy quite complex designs, including very thin handmade.
Such machines can be found in a wide variety of enterprises, including large ones. industrial facilities large-scale production.
The copy-milling unit specializes in milling curved parts.
This is done by copying a template.
Do-it-yourself copying and milling machine for wood
It is the templates that make it possible to make the process as accurate as possible, eliminating manual work and, accordingly, the human factor. This feature of the technology guarantees that the resulting parts will be identical and their shape will be the same.
In this case, the master can use either one template for all parts, or use already manufactured parts as a template.
In fact, every part produced on such equipment can act as a sample, which confirms the amazing accuracy of the technology.
If this is not enough for you, you can improve the accuracy of your machine.
To do this, you should equip it with a special copying device. It is called a pantograph and is designed to transmit extremely accurately the movement of the copy head to the main device processing the workpiece. If the template has many “fine” details, it makes sense to select a copy-milling machine for wood, which has a pantograph as an option.
Design Features
This unit allows you to process profiles or relief.
Processing is carried out special tool, made of hard alloys. We are talking about cutters. The cutter completely repeats the movements of the copier - a device that reproduces the contours of the template. This master device is equipped with a mechanical or other connection with a tracking system responsible for the trajectory of the tool.
What can perform the functions of a copier for such a machine?
This can be a three-dimensional or flat sample, an outline drawing or a reference model. A special probe actually traces the contours of the workpiece, which are transferred to the tool. In some modern units, instead of a probe, a photocell can be used, which is characterized by increased accuracy.
Pantograph – important element copy-milling machine for wood.
Its design includes a special guide pin. It moves along the copier, accurately capturing any geometric features of the figure. In this case, the proportions of the pantograph arms determine the relative size of the final result.
Classification of copy milling machines
Today it is possible to divide all the machines on the market according to many parameters.
The following units can be distinguished by drive type:
- Copying machines with two- or three-dimensional pantograph;
- A universal unit located on a rotating arm;
- Equipment equipped with a round or rectangular table;
- Copiers with electric, hydraulic or mechanical feed.
- Photocopying units.
There are also such units that differ from each other in the level of automation:
- Manual desktop type machine with mechanical clamp.
- Automatic copy-milling machine equipped with pneumatic clamp.
- Stationary automated machine with pneumatic clamp and three-spindle attachment.
Conclusions
Copy-milling machines occupy a place of honor in the woodworking industry.
Without them, manufacturing a part with complex relief would take a lot of time. With the advent of such technology, labor productivity on an enterprise scale increases tenfold.
This is why purchasing such a machine can be a very valuable investment for a craftsman.
COPYER a, m. copyier germ. copyen, Kopiershablone. A part of a copying machine that transmits movement to a tool that reproduces on a workpiece a given surface profile corresponding to the profile of the copier. SIS 1985. Copier processing. Leping 1,738. || How does the cutlet machine mechanism work?
The disk with the pistons rotates, the piston rods rest against the copier below, as if rolling on the copier either uphill or downhill. Therefore, the pistons themselves either rise above the protrusions of the copier, or fall under the action of a spring. The copier can be rotated 180° using the handle.
PIO 1997 2 43. - Lex. SIS 1979: copy/…
Copier`Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary`
copier`Russian spelling dictionary`
kop\’ir, -a
Russian spelling dictionary. / Russian Academy Sci. Institute rus.
Homemade copying machine
V. Vinogradova. - M.: “Azbukovnik”. V. V. Lopatin (executive editor), B. Z. Bukchina, N. A. Eskova and others. 1999.
Copier'Efremova's Explanatory Dictionary'
A part of a copying machine that transmits movement to a tool that reproduces the workpiece specified by a template, drawing, etc. profile.
(German: Kopierschablone) - detail copier, having a shaped profile (shaped ruler, cam, washer, etc.).
Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary 2004
Copier
Page 1
The copying device consists of a copier mounted on the movable part of the device, along which the roller of the drive bracket, fixedly mounted on the vertical guides of the machine, slides from below.
The copier works as follows. Both cavities communicate with each other, for which a hole is made in the piston. The hydraulic cylinder rod is tl tr fastening, and the cylinder tzd 1 is fastened.
Copying devices are made either in the form of adaptations to existing machines (lathes, milling, etc.), or are organically built into them and form copying machines or semi-automatic machines.
The copying device can be mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, and the rotation of the spindle unit and table can be single or double index.
Copiers can also be installed on horizontal milling machines.
The copier (Fig. 73) is used to process shaped surfaces with fairly high accuracy.
The copying device of this machine works using the inductive method.
Pattern copiers can achieve accuracy down to 0.02 mm.
Do-it-yourself copy-milling machine - we create reliable equipment!
The copier consists of three separate parts: the copier posts (right and left), the sensor slide, and the sensor. The copier stands are installed on the support body and can be moved along the support guides to install the copier when setting up the machine.
The copier is designed for longitudinal and transverse copying. To do this, a special holder with a roller is attached to the turret head, which rests against the copy ruler. The copy ruler is installed at the required angle to the horizontal and secured in this position.
Copiers of this type (Fig.
6.25) are equipped with two piston engines: with an inclined washer 6 - for the driving movement and 5 - for the follower movement.
Copiers can be rationally used on rotary machines. Single-column rotary machines model 1541 from the Sedin plant, as well as new domestic machines, are equipped with copying devices. Foreign companies Schiess, Frorip, Gidings, Webster and Bennett and others manufacture machines of appropriate designs that allow the installation of copying devices.
Copiers can be mechanical, electrical or hydraulic. Holder 6 with copier 7 is fixed in the turret socket, and body 2 is fixed in the side support tool holder.
The cutter / processes the shaped profile.
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When milling, copying devices are used, i.e. pantographs, which have a high cost. You can assemble a pantograph for a router with your own hands.
Making a pantograph
A milling cutter equipped with a pantograph allows you to repeat while working parallel lines processed product. This procedure facilitates the production of shaped parts, various ornaments and patterns. In addition, using a pantograph you can make various inscriptions on metal and wooden plates.
It’s not difficult to make a homemade pantograph; all you need is 4 ruler levers. Three such levers should be long, and one should be short. In addition, you will need to make several holes in them to attach the axles.
The axles will be used to install the mechanism and attach the rod. The axial mechanism is a pin with a cap at the end. The copying part should resemble a compass element in which the stylus is attached. Such a rod part can be made from the tip of a plastic knitting needle. Such a tip will glide gently during operation and will not damage the original part.
You will also need an axis on which the entire mechanical part devices. It must be equipped with a heel that acts as a stop. The last or outer guide will act as a fastener for the entire structure using a special boss.
Such a boss should be made of an aluminum cylinder. In its lower part you need to attach 3 stings, which can be made from small furniture nails. These nails will be used to secure the base to the plate being processed.
Return to contents
Completion of work
The next step is to assemble the copying mechanism for the router. To do this, you need to prepare the following components:
- 4 rulers;
- 8 brass bushings.
Rulers should be made of plexiglass or plastic, their thickness should be 4-5 mm. You can also use plexiglass as a material for making rulers. Next, we mark these linear parts. This process must be approached very carefully, since the slightest mistake in size may cause the pantograph to malfunction.
Holes are drilled on the marked markings. In this case, their alignment must be maintained. To achieve this, you need to put all the rulers together and drill holes in them at the same time.
Then you need to insert brass bushings into the prepared holes. When installing them, a slight tension should be observed: this will help the bushings to stay more tightly in the rulers. In order to secure the axial parts in the bushings, you need to make special clamps. They can be made from hardened steel wire, the diameter of which should be 1-1.5 mm.
Then the boss is assembled. Blind holes are made in its lower part, which can be punched with a core. The nails must be installed in such a way that they protrude from the body of the boss by 2-3 mm.
Having prepared all the necessary parts of the pantograph, they are assembled.
During this process, you need to ensure that all moving parts move smoothly and easily.
In this case, all prepared holes should be marked. According to this marking, you can scale the manufactured copy of the part.
Information about the manufacturer of the engraving copy-milling machine 6L463
Manufacturer of engraving copy-milling machine 6L463 - Lviv Milling Machine Plant, LZFS, founded in 1952.
6L463 engraving copy-milling machine with pantograph. Purpose, scope
The machine is designed to perform engraving and small copy-milling work in contour mode.
The machine can engrave inscriptions and patterns on stamps, plates, boards, panels, inscriptions on dials, rulers, as well as milling shallow molds for plastic, rubber, etc. The ability to work on the machine using a counter-pattern allows using a flat copier to engrave various inscriptions and patterns on spatially complex surfaces.
Main characteristics of the engraving copy-milling machine 6L463
Manufacturer: Lviv milling machine plant LZFS.
- Copy scale - 1:1 ÷ 1:50
- Diameter of the largest circle of the pantograph at a scale of 1:1 - Ø 200 mm
- Dimensions work surface product table - 200 x 320 mm
- Dimensions of the working surface of the copier table - 250 x 400 mm
- Maximum longitudinal travel of the table (X) - 200 mm
- Maximum lateral travel of the table (Y) - 125 mm
- Maximum vertical travel of the table (Z) - 250 mm
- Spindle speed - 1260..15900 rpm
- Spindle drive motor - 0,27 kW; 2770 rpm
- Machine weight - 300 kg
Having fixed the spindle using a special bracket, you can perform milling work on the machine by manually moving the workpiece table. The copying movement on the machine is carried out manually by moving the tracer of the probing device along the contour of the copier.
The machine can be equipped wide range devices and accessories that expand its technological capabilities: for constructing arcs, circles, and ovals, for securing plates during engraving, a dividing device, a vice, rotary vice, tilt-rotary table, letter and number templates, a device for sharpening engraving cutters, etc.
Working on a counter-pattern using a flat copier allows you to engrave various inscriptions and patterns on spatially complex surfaces.
The copying movement on the machine is carried out manually by moving the tracer of the probing device along the contour of the copier.
The machine can be used in mechanical, mechanical assembly and tool shops of machine-building enterprises.
Machine accuracy class N according to GOST 8-77. The roughness of the treated surface is R a 2.5 microns.
Intermediate level sound LA should not exceed 71 dBA.
Dimensions working space of the machine 6L463
General view of the copy-milling engraving machine 6L463
Photo engraving machine 6l463
Photo of a milling machine based on 6L463
Photo of engraving machine 6L463
Location components engraving machine 6l463
List of components of the engraving machine 6L463
- Unit 1. Pantograph
- Unit 2. Bed
- Unit 3. Product table
- Unit 4. Drive
- Unit 6. Spindle
- Unit 9. Electrical equipment
Location of controls for engraving machine 6L463
Location of controls for engraving machine 6l463
List of controls for the engraving machine 6L463
- Handles for clamping carriages for setting pantograph copying scales
- Tracer (probing finger) of the palpating device
- Drive belt tension adjustment eccentric
- Copier table clamp nut
- Spindle vertical movement handle
- Local lighting switch
- Flywheel for longitudinal movement of the product table
- Handle for clamping the product table in the longitudinal direction
- Handle for clamping the product table in the transverse direction
- Flywheel for vertical movement of the product table
- Flywheel for transverse movement of the product table
- Table clamp handle in vertical direction
- Stop button
- Spindle rotation direction switch
- Start button (K&P)
Kinematic diagram of the engraving machine 6L463
Description of the components of the engraving machine 6L463
The engraving copy-milling machine with a pantograph model 6L463 is made in the form of a single-column structure with a vertical spindle axis and horizontal arrangement product and copier tables.
The bed is equipped with vertical guides along which the console carrying the machine's work table moves. Relative to the console, the desktop can move in the longitudinal and transverse directions. A carriage carrying a pantograph and a copier table is installed on the upper horizontal guides of the frame.
The machine's pantograph is made in the form of light levers and serves only to transmit movement from the tracer to the spindle.
The machine spindle is mounted in a special bracket, connected to the frame using levers.
An electric motor and a belt drive are used to drive the spindle rotation. The spindle rotation speed is changed using stepped pulleys.
General layout and operating principle of the 6L463 machine
The layout of the machine is characterized by a vertical arrangement of the spindle and a horizontal arrangement of the working surfaces of the tables.
The machine components are mounted on a rigid frame. A console moves along the vertical guides of the frame, carrying the slide and table of the product. The pantograph stand moves along the horizontal guides of the frame. The suspension and spindle drive are mounted on the frame.
The part being processed is fixed on the product table, and the copier on which processing is carried out is fixed on the copier table. The shaping movements are the movements of the pantograph. Table movements are adjustment.
bed
The bed and base are the main body parts on which the machine components are mounted.
On the left wall of the frame there are vertical guides along which the console with the product table moves.
A bracket is installed on the rear wall of the frame to hold the spindle and drive levers. In addition, a drive motor is installed on the rear wall, and electrical equipment is mounted in a niche.
Copier table
Copier table 10 (Pic.10) is designed for installing copiers used for processing. The copier table is mounted on the pantograph stand. The table is rotated around a vertical axis manually. Setting the angle of rotation of the copier table is carried out using the dial, fixing it with a handle. The copier table is equipped with dovetail grooves, which are used to install the font. In addition, it has T-shaped slots that can be used to install various devices. The stand, together with the copier table and pantograph, can move along the horizontal guides of the frame, which allows you to install the spindle within the plane of the product table at different copying scales. The rack is fixed with two bolts.
Pantograph
The pantograph (Fig. 10) carries out a copying movement on the machine. Copying using a pantograph (articulated parallelogram) is based on the principle of geometric similarity of triangles and is carried out according to the diagram below;
Pantograph of engraving machine 6l463
The copying movement on the machine is carried out by an articulated four-link pantograph (Fig. 10). Using carriages 43, 46, which have dovetail grooves, the pantograph is connected to the spindle body and to carriage 47. The pantograph hinge joints and the suspension of carriages 43, 46 are assembled on angular contact bearings with preload, which increases the rigidity and accuracy of the pantograph . Change gear ratio The pantograph (copying scale) is produced by moving the carriages along the arms 51, 52 of the pantograph, on which divisions are applied. The tracer (probing finger) 48 slides in the hole of the head and is pressed against the template using a spring. The trainer, depending on the height of the template, is installed at different heights from the plane of the copier table. The copier table 49 is installed on the plane of the carriage 47. Relative to the carriage, the table can be rotated at any angle within ±30°, or rotated by 90. The table is equipped with dovetail grooves, which are used for installing the font. In addition, it has T-shaped slots that can be used to install various devices. The carriage, together with the pantograph and the copier table, can be installed in various positions on the frame, moving along its upper guides. This allows you to install the spindle within the plane of the product table at different copying scales.
Setting up and setting up an engraving machine 6L463
When starting to work on the machine, you must
1. Set the copy scale: to do this, you need to unscrew the screws 53 (Fig. 10) securing the carriages to the pantograph and set both marks so that they coincide with the corresponding scale marks marked on the arms 51, 52 of the pantograph and tighten both screws 53.
To obtain a copy scale not indicated on the shoulders, you must use the formula:
x = 300-(300/M); y = 107.5 (M-1) / (M=1)
Where M- copying scale (the ratio of the dimensions of the copier to the dimensions of the part).
X- distance from the mark corresponding to the 1:1 copying scale on the shoulder 52 to the mark on the movable carriage 43.
at- distance from the mark corresponding to the copying scale 1:1 on the shoulder 51 to the mark on the carriage 46.
Example:
It is necessary to obtain a reduction scale of 1:1.2.
x = 300 - 300 / 1.2 = 50 mm
Therefore, we set aside a 50 mm segment from mark “1” on shoulder 52 and install the carriage mark at this point.
y = 107.5 (M-1) / (M+1) = 107.5 (1.2 -1) / (1.2+1) = 9.77 mm
In the same way, we set aside 9.77 mm segment 51 from mark “1” on the right shoulder and install carriage mark 46 at this point.
To prevent the tracer from leaving the copier table when changing the copying scale, the latter can be rotated around its axis within ±30°. If necessary, the copier table can be rotated 90°. To do this, you need to unscrew nut 50 and lift the table so that the pin comes out of the carriage hole. Then, turn the table 90° and assemble everything in reverse order. 2. Place and clamp the template on the copier table, and the work piece on the product table.
2. Place and clamp the template on the copier table, and the workpiece on the product table.
3. Insert into spindle cutting tool. When engraving work, it is necessary to ensure a certain pressure of the tracer (probing finger) on the template. This is achieved by installing the tracer at the required height.
4. Place the part on the product table and align it relative to the cutting tool.
The workpiece is installed by moving the product table in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Rough installation of the workpiece in height is also done by moving the table of the product. Fine adjustment of the processing depth is carried out using the spindle handle.
5. Processing modes (cutting speed, speed, feed) in each case are set depending on the material being processed and the material of the tool.
Product table
The product table (Fig. 11) is designed to secure workpieces on it. The table can also be equipped with a vice or a rotary table.
The product table can be moved manually in three mutually perpendicular directions.
Electrical diagram engraving machine 6l463
6L463 engraving copy-milling machine with pantograph. Video.
Technical characteristics of the engraving machine 6L463
| Parameter name | 6L463 | 6G463 | 6E463 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic machine parameters | |||
| Copy scale | 1:1 ÷ 1:50 | 1:1 ÷ 1:100 | 1:1 ÷ 1:100 |
| Diameter of the largest circle of the pantograph at a scale of 1:1, mm | 200 | 210 | 210 |
| Dimensions of the working surface of the product table, mm | 200 x 320 | 250 x 500 | 250 x 500 |
| Dimensions of the working surface of the copier table, mm | 250 x 400 | 320 x 400 | 320 x 400 |
| Maximum longitudinal stroke of the table (X), mm | 200 | 300 | 300 |
| Maximum transverse table travel (Y), mm | 125 | 200 | 200 |
| Maximum vertical travel of the table (Z), mm | 250 | 300 | 300 |
| Longitudinal movement of the table (X) by one division of the dial, mm | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Transverse movement of the table (Y) per dial division, mm | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Moving vertical table(Z) per dial division, mm | 0,025 | 0,025 | 0,025 |
| Longitudinal movement of the table (X) per revolution of the dial, mm | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Transverse movement of the table (Y) per one revolution of the dial, mm | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Transverse movement of the table (Z) per one revolution of the dial, mm | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 |
| Rotation of the copier table, degrees | ±30° | 360° | 360° |
| The amount of micrometric movement of the spindle, mm | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dividing value of the spindle micrometric movement dial, mm | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
| Spindle quick approach stroke, mm | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| The amount of spindle movement when working on a counter template, mm | 10 | 10 | |
| Spindle speed, rpm | 1260..15900 | 1250..20000 | 1250..20000 |
| Number of spindle speeds | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| Electrical equipment and machine drive | |||
| Number of electric motors on the machine | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Main motion drive electric motor, kW | 0,27 | 0,25 | 0,25 |
| Overall dimensions and weight of the machine | |||
| Overall dimensions (length x width x height), mm | 1100 x 1000 x 1260 | 1120 x 1000 x 1260 | 1040 x 1000 x 1260 |
| Machine weight, kg | 300 | 260 | 250 |
