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Pyrethrum maiden is a beautiful and unpretentious plant for the garden. Maiden's chamomile is an unpretentious flowering perennial that was grown in monastery gardens Chrysanthemum Korean Terracotta

The flower called will appeal to everyone who loves the simplicity of chamomile. This flower resembles a daisy, but comes in a variety of bright, unusual colors. Pyrethrum maidenhead has buds white, depending on the variety, it resembles either a chamomile or a chrysanthemum. Pyrethrum will decorate any garden plot and at the same time does not require complex care.

, which is why it is sometimes called the maiden chrysanthemum. The name "pyrethrum" means "heat". In ancient times, this plant served more of a medicinal role than a decorative one; it was used to relieve heat and relieve fever.

Pyrethrum is sometimes popularly called Chamomile or Chamomile.

Features of the plant:

• Feverfew is a perennial plant, but more often gardeners grow it as an annual. Perennial Pyrethrum does not live long (no more than three years) and at the same time every year it decorative qualities weaken.
• The plant takes root easily and is very unpretentious in care, so it is easier to plant it on the site every year than to fight for its flowering for 2 or 3 years in a row.
• Some varieties of feverfew can grow up to half a meter in height, but there are also dwarf varieties no more than 10 cm high. Medium size flower height - 30-40 cm.
• Pyrethrum maidens has beautiful white buds. At the edges they have petals like those, and in the center there is a large rosette, reminiscent of a chrysanthemum.
• The bush itself is quite dense, branched, the greenery is dense, collected in the lower part. The leaves are bright green and pinnate.

Varieties of Pyrethrum Maidenfly are varied. Among them there are double flowers, pompom flowers, yellow and white. Most often, Pyrethrum maidens has buds of a delicate white color. Particularly popular are varieties called Dubble White, Goldball with terry bright yellow flowers, Virgo with beautiful white buds in the form of large balls.

IN wildlife Pyrethrum can be found in the Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia regions. Here in the summer you can see a huge amount of Pyrethrum of all possible colors. It was from the Caucasus that the study of this plant began more than two centuries ago.

Pyrethrum is usually propagated by seeds and less often by cuttings. The seed method is simpler and has a higher survival rate. Reproduction, planting and care will not require any special effort. Some gardeners recommend planting pyrethrum and forgetting it, it will grow on its own. However, for this you need to choose the right place, plant the plant on time and take care of the soil. If the conditions of your region or the soil on the site do not allow you to not care for the plant at all, it is better not to neglect the rules of care.

Pyrethrum propagation methods:

• If you want to propagate pyrethrum this same summer to get more bushes, take young root shoots of the plant. Dig them out carefully so as not to damage the roots. This will not cause any harm to the mother plant. Plant the dug up shoots in pots or directly into the ground, but carefully cover them with film.
• To propagate Pyrethrum by seeds, you must first collect them. You need to collect the seeds in the fall, when the flowers fade. The seeds are dried and stored in a dark, dry room until spring.
• Pyrethrum reproduces seedling method. In March, the finished seeds are sown in a container with prepared, nutritious, moist soil. need to be distributed on the surface of the soil and carefully sprinkled with a thin layer of soil. There is no need to try to sprinkle the seeds thickly; they will interfere with each other when pecking. After planting, the container with the seeds is taken to a bright but cool place. The temperature should be no more than 20 degrees. After this, the seeds will begin to hatch. If you see that you have planted the seeds too often, you can thin them out after the leaves appear. As soon as the seedlings grow, they are planted in separate cups. When the seedlings adapt and become stronger, they can be planted in open ground. It is better to do this in May, when it becomes warm enough.

The place for planting Pyrethrum must be chosen especially carefully. They can be grown in partial shade, but it is better to choose a well-lit place. In this case, for the first 2 weeks it is better to protect the plants from the midday sun so that the young shoots do not get burned.

Pyrethrum grown from seeds does not retain the quality of the mother plant. When planting, flowers of any color may appear. Plants grown from seeds begin to bloom 2-3 months after planting.

Caring for Pyrethrum is very simple. In order for the flower to grow and bloom well, it is enough to follow the minimum care rules:

1. Despite the fact that Pyrethrum maiden is unpretentious and requires almost no care, you need to regularly remove weeds from the flowerbed. This is necessary not only to maintain a beautiful and well-groomed appearance, but also for better flower growth. Weeds deplete the soil and take away nutrients; it is especially important to weed the flowerbed during the period of active growth of Pyrethrum. When the flower grows, it copes with weeds on its own, suppressing their growth.
2. Pyrethrum does not need frequent watering, but if the summer is hot and dry, you need to water the plant as needed. Make sure that the soil does not dry out or crack. The plant tolerates drought well, but with a long absence of moisture, the flowers begin to become smaller and the colored buds begin to lighten. Do not abuse the durability of Pyrethrum.
3. Like anyone garden flower, Pyrethrum needs to be fed periodically. It needs to be applied to the soil four times per season. You can buy a ready-made complex at a gardening store. mineral fertilizer in granules. It is convenient to plant and add to the soil of flower beds.
4. If you want to grow Pyrethrum as perennial, take care of . In the fall, when the plant has faded and the seeds have been collected, you need to trim off the dry stems and faded buds. To help Pyrethrum survive the winter better, cover the soil around the roots with leaves or hay. If winters are harsh in your area, cover the entire plant with spruce branches. This coating will protect the flower from freezing.
5. Pyrethrum maidens blooms for a very long time. After winter, perennial Pyrethrum begins to open its first buds in May-June. After this, the buds dry out and spoil the appearance of the flowerbed. If you carefully trim the flower and remove the buds, this will activate the growth of new ones, renew the plant and give the flowerbed a well-groomed appearance.
6. During rain, it is recommended to lightly loosen the soil near the roots. This will allow oxygen to penetrate to the roots, and a crust will not form on the surface of the soil, which retains moisture.

Diseases and pests: control and prevention

Pyrethrum virginia has good protective properties and resistant to adverse conditions environment, but nevertheless sometimes the flower is affected by pests and diseases:

• . These are small green bugs that are located on the back of the leaves or on the shoots themselves. Insects secrete sweet dew, which creates favorable conditions for the development of fungal diseases. At the very beginning of the disease, the affected leaves can be removed and the plant thoroughly washed, washing away insects with water. If one of the plants is severely affected, it must be removed from the flowerbed and burned. You can spray the plant with an insecticide.
• Slugs. Slugs often like to feast on the leaves of Pyrethrum maidens. They are not difficult to spot, they are quite large pests, but they can hide. Slugs leave noticeable damage on the leaves of the plant. If there are a lot of slugs, they can destroy the plant in half a day. If you look carefully under the bushes and look under the stones, you can quickly spot them. Birds and hedgehogs fight slugs, so you can feed them to control pests.
• Gray rot. The causative agent of this disease is a fungus. The infection affects the fruits, buds, and leaves of plants. They become gray, wrinkle, and fall off. cure gray rot not easy. Often you have to destroy a plant, burn it, cultivate the land and plant the plants again the next year.
• Thrips. Thrips are insects that are often found on garden flowers. Thrips are very small, about 2 mm, and can be detected by the damage caused. The larvae are light yellow, the adults have wings. You can get rid of thrips only by removing the affected parts of the plants.
• Fusarium. Infectious disease, also caused by fungi. First, the roots begin to rot, and then traces of rot appear on the stems and leaves. This is a very common disease garden plants, therefore, all seeds and soil are recommended for prevention. Often the death of a plant due to fusarium is inevitable, so the plant is removed, burned, and the soil is treated.

At proper care and preparing the soil for sowing, many diseases can be avoided. The soil must be treated in advance to remove spores and larvae, and the humidity must be monitored.

More information can be found in the video:

Other names for this unpretentious plant are feverfew, matricaria exceptional, chrysanthemum maiden, tanacetum. And in the Middle Ages it was called mother grass and was grown mainly in apothecary gardens, as they thought the best remedy helping women in labor. Later, the plant attracted the attention of flower growers and interested breeders. After all, it is not only decorative and healing, but also improves the health of the area.

Maiden chamomile can be recommended even to those gardeners who do not have the opportunity to devote a lot of time to plants. This flower is light-loving, but can also grow in partial shade. It is not picky about soil, but the most lush bushes grow on fertile garden soils.

Maiden's chamomile feels great in the openwork shade of garden trees and shrubs, protecting them from harmful insects. Pyrethrum infusion - good remedy against sawflies and caterpillars.

To prepare it, you need a bucket of water and a couple of medium-sized chamomile bushes. Leaves and flowers are infused for 24 hours. Before spraying, filter, dilute with water in a 1:1 ratio and add a little soap for better adhesion of the solution to the plants.

Maiden's chamomile is drought-resistant. Does not like waterlogging, especially long-term. It is not dangerous from spring and autumn frosts. The plant can be replanted even during flowering. You just need to preserve the earthen lump.

Most quick way propagation of pyrethrum - division of overgrown bushes. But more often it is bred by seeds. Flowering begins 80-100 days after sowing.

Even the most common species of pyrethrum is very beautiful. The inflorescences resemble chamomile, only they are smaller. Dressy short (15-20 cm) garden variety with golden leaves.

Tall (up to 60 cm) forms are suitable for cutting. Species plants tolerate winter well and self-sow abundantly.

Varietal maiden chamomile is more thermophilic. It is advisable to cover it for the winter or grow it annually as an annual plant. The most common are two domestic varieties: Snezhny Shar and Zolotoy Shar.

Chamomile calendar

January - March. Sowing seeds for seedlings in the house. Seeds can be sown in dark winter months, if you provide the seedlings with additional lighting. Early sowing allows you to decorate your house with flowering bushes during the May holidays. Shoots appear in 7-11 days.

April. Sowing seeds for seedlings in greenhouses.

May-June. Transplanting. The height of the bushes should be at least 25-30 cm. For the first two weeks, the seedlings need light shade. Sowing seeds in open ground for late flowering. Weeding self-seeding, transplanting.

July. Mass flowering. Transplanting flowering bushes (if necessary) to new places. Fertilizing on poor soils. Watering in dry weather. Removing faded inflorescences. Sowing seeds for flowering in June next year.

August. Trimming faded inflorescences. Formation of bushes. Collection of seeds. Some “garden orderly” bushes are hung on trees in the garden.

September. Flowering continues, adult plants are not harmed by frosts down to -4.

October. Trimming the above-ground part. Insulation by mulching the soil and spruce branches of varietal chamomile.

Good luck and stay healthy!

My acquaintance with the girlish daisy happened this year. I cannot say that it was love at first sight. Rather, it was difficult choice, based only on logic. See for yourself what came of it.

It all started with a problem - a small Christmas tree has been growing in my garden for two years now. And I want the area around her to turn into a flowerbed in which she would be the soloist. Based on these considerations, I began searching for a neighbor for her.

Searching for a neighbor

I wanted the plant, firstly, to be perennial - then, having worked hard once, every spring I would receive a well-groomed flowerbed that would exist without my participation. Secondly, a plant was needed that could grow in full sun, because... There is still practically no shade from the spruce, and the place where it is planted is in the sun from dawn until 4 o’clock in the afternoon.

Another important condition for me was color. I wanted the flower not to contrast with the tree, but to seem like its natural neighbor; for this, the nearest green neighbors - blue or yellow - suited me.

Also the most important criterion Given the height of the plant, something quite compact was needed so that the spruce would be the main one in this composition. When I formulated these requirements for myself, an exciting search process began. I started with yellow color range, because I liked the idea of ​​a yellow-green flowerbed more.

The first person I paid attention to was Adonis. I found its foliage, similar to pine needles, interesting. But upon closer examination, it turned out that this plant is quite whimsical both in cultivation and in care. It didn't suit me.

The next contender, Doronicum, was not suitable due to the short flowering period.
My beloved rudbeckia did not fit in height, but it found a place in another flowerbed.

And so, when I was already desperate to find something suitable, a plant called pyrethum caught my eye. Or as it is also called maiden daisy. I couldn’t say that I really liked the flower that looked at me from the photograph. No, it initially gave me mixed feelings, and seemed nondescript to me, despite the brightness of the color. But it perfectly suited my requirements - perennial, low, yellow in color, able to grow in the sun and undemanding to care. So, I decided to try it.

Sowing seedlings

And so the treasured bag was bought. There were quite a lot of seeds inside, I even separated them so as not to grow extra seedlings, because in the spring everyone is precious square centimeter window sill. The manufacturer writes that the seeds can be sown both in open ground and for seedlings. Having seen the seeds, I decided to start with seedlings, because many years of experience show that small seeds don't germinate very well open ground.

Sowing in the middle zone was carried out on March 21. I sowed almost on the surface, sprinkling only 3 mm - according to the recommendation from the bag. I regretted it almost immediately; the seeds sprouted quickly, amicably, and began to fall due to the fact that they were only lightly sprinkled. We had to urgently fill them with soil.

Pyrethum grew quite quickly - and on April 10 it was ready for planting in open ground, the only pity is that the soil was not yet ready for pyretum. I had to simmer the seedlings on the window for another 20 days. So the seedlings can be safely sown on April 10, and on May 1 they will be ready for planting.

Landing at a permanent place

Transplanted to permanent place in May, planted at a distance of 20 by 20 cm, although the manufacturer recommended a distance between plants of 25-30 cm. But the bushes were so small that such a distance seemed huge to me. Later, watching the growth, I understood where this recommendation came from - pyrethum bushes very well. Each plant produces 5-6 shoots, and the bush becomes quite lush.

But despite this, I did not regret that I did not listen to the manufacturer. I don’t know why, but almost a third of the plants I planted disappeared. As a result, the flowerbed turned out to be half empty. So it was possible to plant even more often; it would be better to pull out the extra plants than to watch such a picture all summer.

Disadvantages of feverfew

I have not yet figured out the reasons for the loss of such a large number of plants. But there was a feeling that they were burning from the bright sun. Having pulled out one bush, I was even more inclined to this guess. The roots of the plant, although long, are located near the surface. Drying out the soil immediately affects the general well-being of the plants.

And although watering was regular, sun rays, apparently, negated all my efforts. And the plants, deprived of sufficient moisture, dried out. The maiden daisy began to bloom towards the end of June, at first rather sparsely, then more and more abundantly, and in mid-July they showed all their beauty.

Moreover, I liked both the yellow pompoms and the foliage - emerald green, complex in shape.

But the joy is beautiful blooming flower bed, was short-lived. Already in August, the first seeds began to ripen and the bushes began to look untidy.

Next to the newly formed shoots were completely dried flower stalks. This gave the flowerbed such an unkempt look that I could hardly restrain myself from complete destruction landings

What stopped me was the fact that perennials often do not show all their beauty in the first year, and I decided to wait until next spring to draw final conclusions. But I am categorically not happy with the way my flowerbed looks by the end of summer.

Although the very idea of ​​combining spruce with yellow flowers seems successful to me. If you look at the flowerbed from a different angle, it turns out quite tolerable.

Well, we are waiting for next spring. I prepared and sowed the required area ripening seeds, so as not to be left without daisies if suddenly the already grown bushes do not survive the winter. We just have to wait and see what comes of it. But so far the feverfew has left behind very mixed feelings.

Originality and unpretentiousness are the two main criteria by which gardeners choose summer flowers for flower beds. The maiden chrysanthemum fully satisfies these requirements: the spectacular flowering of lush white inflorescences, baskets, independent of watering and planting location, makes this flower ideal option for decorating a flower bed, ridge or mixborder.

Features of the variety

Maiden chrysanthemum (Pyrethrum) - unpretentious perennial asteraceous plant Aster family. In the wild it is found in North Africa, in the Middle East and Southern Europe. In conditions temperate climate middle zone In Russia it is grown as an ornamental garden crop, cultivated as an annual.

Chrysanthemum "Matricaria"

The name "pyrethrum" comes from the Greek word "pyrethos", which means "heat": the plant was previously used as a fever medicine to reduce body temperature. There are other names:

• Matricaria is exceptional;
• Feverfew;
• Maiden's chamomile;
• Chrysanthemum maiden White stars;
• Chrysanthemum maiden snowball;
• Chrysanthemum Snowball;
• Tanacetum.

This bushy compact plant has a highly branched stem strewn with numerous miniature inflorescences, from 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter. They resemble snowflakes in shape (semi terry varieties) or snowflakes (terry varieties) with a small creamy center. In many double forms, basket flowers are collected in apical spherical corymbose inflorescences. This, by the way, is where the English name of the latter came from - chrysanthemum maiden snowball.

This chrysanthemum is also used in floristry. Maiden chrysanthemum is resistant to cutting; in a vase with water it remains fresh for up to 2 weeks. Modest and elegant look great in mono bouquets and also go well with other flowers.

(Tanacetum parthenium, Matricaria parthenium) - perennial herbaceous plant family Asteraceae (Asteraceae). It is known by several names: "pyrethrum maiden", "matricaria exceptional", "chrysanthemum maiden" and "tanacetum". The species maiden daisy and its lovely flowers look good garden forms. Sometimes a perennial is criticized for being a shameless weed. This is a consequence of the vitality and unpretentiousness of the plant, which grows, blooms and reproduces remarkably even when no one cares for it.

Not everyone knows how useful plant is a maiden daisy. In the Middle Ages it was called the "mother herb". Plant name (Greek) parthenos- “virgin”), most likely due to the fact that maiden chamomile helps with painful menstruation. In those distant times, maiden chamomile was kept in apothecary gardens and monastery gardens as a remedy to help women during childbirth. They gave it at high temperature and fever as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent.

Maiden's chamomile can also be used on the farm. First of all, as a reliable repellent natural origin. And how nice it is that openwork bushes with light green foliage remain fresh, and sometimes even bloom, even in the gloomy pre-winter period!

Caring for maiden chamomile

Place. Maiden's chamomile is light-loving, but grows well in partial shade. It is planted in flower beds, flower pots and balcony boxes. Gardeners who favor environmentally friendly methods of pest control can leave a few bushes under garden trees, next to bushes and in garden beds.

Soil. Maiden chamomile has no special predilections for the composition and structure of soils, although luxurious bushes often grow on fertile garden soils. Maiden chamomile seedlings feel good even between paving slabs, in the cracks of the blind area, near humus heaps or, unexpectedly for everyone, they find themselves in flower pots with indoor plants.

Watering. Pyrethrum maiden steadfastly tolerates temporary drought. But prolonged waterlogging is dangerous for him.

Winter hardiness. Maiden's chamomile easily tolerates spring and autumn frosts. In winter, its bushes often do not freeze out, but get wet. Once on our site in the place where at the end of summer a delicate lawn of numerous young daisy bushes turned green, in the spring for a long time the huge heavy snowdrift did not melt. When the snow completely melted, it turned out that only a few withered bushes remained from the emerald carpet. I had to clean the area with a rake and sow lawn grass.

Trimming. A maiden chamomile bush will bloom continuously and for a long time if all faded inflorescences are regularly removed. It’s easier and faster to cut off faded top part garden shears.

Reproduction. Maiden chamomile is replanted even at the moment of flowering. The main thing is to preserve the earthen lump. Dividing adult overgrown bushes is a simple and accelerated propagation option. The seed method is also simple. Especially when the plant itself does this: its self-seeding will appear in a variety of places. Seedlings grow very quickly, they tolerate transplantation well and easily settle into a new place. Flowering begins 80 - 100 days after emergence.

Maiden chamomile bushes grow everywhere

Varieties of maiden chamomile

Species(that is, the simplest) girlish daisy looks very cute. The inflorescences look like a tiny daisy. Once you rub the bright light green leaves, a sharp but quite pleasant smell appears.

It is easy to create carpet plantings from the species of maiden daisy, which can be used to decorate uneven places, trunk circles, “draw” patterns on lawns. When sowing masses, it is important to prevent the appearance of seeds so that you do not have to fight self-seeding.

Garden forms and varieties of maiden chamomile look great. Unfortunately, there are few of them on sale. This is a low-growing garden variety with golden leaves only 15–20 cm high. There are also tall forms up to 60 cm high, which are suitable for cutting.

Available for sale domestic varieties girlish daisy: " Snow globe", "Golden Ball", "Yellow Ball", mixtures of varieties and several foreign varieties. They differ in color, degree of terryness and size of the pompoms of numerous inflorescences. This compact bushes 30 - 50 cm high, which are easier to grow in annual crop. Varietal maiden chamomile is more heat-loving than species chamomile, so it is advisable to insulate it for the winter or grow it annually as an annual plant.

Maiden chamomile flowers

Care for feverfew (by month)

Winter (January - February). You can sow seeds even in such early dates, if additional lighting is possible. Such early sowing produces flowering bushes by the May holidays.

March. Sowing seeds for seedlings early flowering. Shoots appear in 7 - 11 days. In order not to thin out the seedlings, small seeds are mixed with dry sand. In a room, seedlings quickly stretch, so it is better to keep them on a windowsill next to a window, on an insulated glazed loggia or on a veranda.

April. Sowing continues. It can be carried out both at home and in greenhouses. In a greenhouse or under a film, the seeds are covered with a layer of soil of 3–5 mm. In cool spring, seedlings sometimes appear later, only after 15–18 days.

May - June. When planting seedlings, take into account that overgrown bushes need a space of about 25 x 30 cm. At first, the seedlings are shaded from the bright sun. Sow the seeds in open ground so that the maiden chamomile blooms by the end of summer. Self-seeding weeding. Transplanting overwintered maiden chamomile bushes and self-sowing to a new location.

July. Mass flowering of maiden chamomile. Transplanting self-seeding and flowering bushes to new places. Watering during dry times. Fertilizing on poor soils. Faded inflorescences are cut off to prevent mass self-seeding. Sowing seeds for flowering early next summer.

August. Trimming faded inflorescences. Transplanting flowering plants into pots and balcony boxes, transferring them to the veranda, balcony or windowsill. Watering in dry weather.

September. Flowering continues, as adult plants can easily tolerate frosts down to -4°C.

October, first half of November. In early winter, pruning the ground part. Mulching the soil or using varietal pyrethrums to cover.

Maiden chamomile bush

Practical benefits

From garden pests. Maiden chamomile bushes become “garden orderlies” if they are hung in the garden on fruit trees.

A few bushes of maiden chamomile will improve the health of the bed with garden strawberries and decorate it.

An infusion of chamomile leaves is used against sawflies and caterpillars. The concentrate is prepared one day in advance: place a couple of medium-sized pyrethrum bushes in a bucket with hot water and insist for a day. Before spraying, the concentrate must be filtered, diluted with water and soap added for better adhesion.

Insects indoors. From mid-summer, flies begin to become impudent. Try grinding dried chamomile flowers and leaves and pouring them into boxes (without lids) that are placed indoors. You can use gauze bags with fragrant powder. Flies do not like the smell of pyrethrum at all. In the old days, when household chemicals was much smaller, pyrethrum powder was considered popular and a remedy for bedbugs, cockroaches and moths. They were used to save pets from scabies mites.

In the Middle Ages, live maiden chamomile bushes were kept indoors. They were believed to purify the air. Smoke from burning dry chamomile was used to fumigate residential and utility rooms.

Headache and emotional state. Essential oil Pyrethrum helps with headaches and prevents migraine attacks (due to its antispasmodic properties). The smell of feverfew calms and stabilizes the condition nervous system. It can affect the mental state of hysteria. For treatment, the inflorescences and leaves of chamomile are used. In some countries (Poland, UK, USA) and in Latin America Tanacetum parthenium powder capsules and tablets are sold.

Notes of the aroma of girlish chamomile can be detected in expensive perfumes. Essential oil of feverfew, unfortunately, is very difficult to buy. I was told that only a few foreign companies produce it.

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