Water pumps for plumbing. Water pump for a private house. Calculating water pressure
The quality of water supply to a home affects many factors that shape the comfort and coziness of the home. The work of many household appliances may be impaired or even impossible if there is little or no water pressure. At the same time, it also happens that the pressure in the system is exceeded, and if in the first case no special troubles are expected, then in the second a rupture may occur threaded connections, welded seams, which threatens flooding of your apartment and neighbors.
The most dangerous thing is pressure surges in the system, especially sudden ones. Appliances is designed for a pressure of 4 bar, and any change negatively affects its condition. The problem is serious, but there is a solution.
Issues with poor quality water supply are solved by water pumps for home plumbing, which allow you to correct many shortcomings. In cases of lack of water pressure, it is necessary to use a booster pump for the water supply; the device will regulate the water pressure and increase the pressure to an acceptable level.
Useful for supplying water from a well to a residential building. submersible pump into a well for water supply, which pumps water, immersed in the bottom of a well or borehole.
An alternative to it can be a surface pump, used in wells or wells of shallow (up to 9 meters) depth, located above the surface of the water and sucking liquid through a submerged hose. Such pumps may well provide autonomous water supply for a private home.
An intermediate option is a semi-submersible pump, somewhat inferior previous models according to its characteristics, but also has its own advantages - ease of installation and maintenance.
A pumping station is a unit that also includes a storage tank, a hydraulic accumulator, the purpose of which is to accumulate water for transporting it to intake points.
In what cases should water pumps be used?
The decision to use a pump that increases pressure in the water supply is always forced, dictated by the general condition of the water supply networks. Residents suffer the most upper floors multi-storey buildings, or if the house is located on high points of the terrain, large water intake is also negatively affected when the area is insufficiently supplied.
It should be remembered that all pumps that increase water pressure in the water supply operate in different modes, and the pressure they create does not always solve the problem completely.
Therefore, when choosing a pump, you need to take into account its characteristics and know the pressure in your system.
Water pump prices
Installation required pumping equipment raises a legitimate question: how much will it cost? How much will the expected expenses hit your wallet and will they be excessive? Are the prices for water stations for home plumbing high, and is it profitable to purchase them?
The average price of water pumps for home plumbing is usually not very high and is affordable for everyone. There are many models that have quite budget prices, the cost of which does not exceed 10,000 rubles, which seems to be a completely acceptable expenditure on this issue.
The desire to buy a pump that increases the pressure in the water supply system is easily feasible from a financial point of view; the whole task lies in making the right choice pump type and model.
How to connect the pump to the water supply?
The purchase of a pump or station necessitates its connection to the system. If an autonomous water supply is equipped with power from a well or a well, then the issue can be resolved by simply connecting the supply pipe to local system water supply at home.
The search for a solution to how to connect a pumping station to a water supply network in a centralized water supply network often leads to errors. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account the technical condition of the water supply pipes in order to avoid problems with leaky systems. Secondly, you need to take into account the quality of water; if necessary, you need to equip a water treatment system.
Before connecting the pump to increase the pressure in the water supply, you must obtain Required documents and permits from Vodokanal, SES and district utility systems, since independent insertion into water supply lines is strictly prohibited, and they promise considerable fines and other troubles. The received documents will contain all the information about the insertion point and other technical details.
After completing all the paperwork, you can begin installation. At the insertion point, the pipe is cut, a storage tank is connected, to which a pump for the water supply is connected, and power is supplied. The equipment is configured and adjusted according to the required operating mode. At this point, the connection of the pumping station to the water supply can be considered completed and you can use it.
Apartment pump
The best option for increasing water pressure in an apartment is a pump with automatic operation, cooled by the pumped liquid (“wet rotor”). Such a pump turns on only when necessary, which significantly increases its service life. It is practically silent during operation.
It should be taken into account that there is universal species pumps, and there are pumps only for cold or only for hot water. These points should be taken into account when selecting equipment in order to avoid mistakes and unnecessary rework later. If the problem is the lack of water in the tap, but everything is in order on the lower floors, then the use of a self-priming station is required, which can “pull” water from a depth of up to 8 meters. But first you need to make sure that the reason is precisely insufficient pressure, and not clogged pipes.
Equipment setup
The procedure is designed to ensure optimal pressure in the system. The equipment should be turned on at minimum network values of 1.5 - 1.8 bar, and turned off at about 4 bar. The values are approximate; in each specific case they may be different.
The basic principle is to turn on the pump when minimum pressure, and shutdown - at the desired maximum. The pump must not be allowed to run dry to avoid its destruction or failure. Do not exceed pressure so as not to cause destruction of welds of pipelines and threaded connections of equipment.
Things to remember
The installation of pumping equipment in a private house must be carried out taking into account low temperatures V winter period. All water stations for home plumbing must be located in a sufficiently warm place to prevent freezing of pipelines and possible rupture.
In addition, electrical safety standards and regulations must be observed. fire safety when connecting wiring and installing equipment.
The use of pumping equipment, like any other, requires constant monitoring technical condition, carrying out maintenance and, if necessary, repairs. Then the pump will last for many years and solve all problems with water supply.
Sometimes summer residents are concerned about this: what is the best pump to buy for home water supply at an affordable price?
There is no definite answer to this, since the conditions for water collection from wells or wells vary greatly.
The quality of the water, its depth, the distance to the residential building and some other factors also play a decisive role here.
When going to the store to make a purchase, it is better to find out in advance suitable characteristics pumps that will be the best under the conditions of your summer cottage.
The first thing you need to pay attention to is all the water points where liquid is supposed to be delivered from the well. These include:
- water consumption in the house (bath, shower, toilet, kitchen, washbasin)
- watering plants
- the presence of an outdoor or indoor pool
- construction of a bathhouse, etc.
This is required in order to determine fluid consumption and performance.
The main characteristics of the well, which influence the technical characteristics of pressure equipment for delivering water to places of consumption, are as follows.
The depth of the water is very important, because this factor has direct influence on the type of pump selected.
You can measure the distance from the surface of the soil to the bottom of the well using a cord with a weight attached to the end.
In this case, two levels of water are distinguished: dynamic and static.
The elevation of each level depends on the flow rate of the well - the column of water located in the cavity of the well.
The static level is determined by the location of the water surface after standing at rest for several hours.
The dynamic level is studied experimentally. First, measure the distance from the ground to the mirror, then draw out 10 buckets of water for 10 minutes and determine the distance again.
Or they let the pump run for half an hour and calculate the difference in the distances of the water surface level before and after it starts working. If it turns out to be small, then it is considered that the well has sufficient flow rate.
Such a check will allow you to correctly determine the performance and prevent breakdown due to “dry running”, in which it will exceed the natural flow of water into the well.
The diameter of a log house or well must be known to calculate the volume of liquid present. This value is calculated to determine the power of the pump. It is based on the maximum volume of water consumed during rush hour that equipment is selected.
Temperature parameters and seasonality of use of a technical device are very important characteristics For correct operation pump For year-round or summer season V warm time years are absolutely necessary different types devices.
All of the above factors play important role and priority in this case cannot be given to any of them.
Therefore, when choosing a pump, you need to take into account the type of device that best suits all parameters, so that the operating period lasts a long time and without breakdowns.
If you have no experience in such matters, then it is better to consult with technical specialists in the store, for whom you will need to indicate the listed information about the well and expected water consumption.
Calculating water pressure
- centrifugal
- vibration
Advice! If the depth of water reaches 15 meters or more, then a well pump will provide a better water supply system than a surface pump.
For wells where the water surface is located in the area of 3-8 meters from the soil surface, an inexpensive and productive surface type of equipment is quite suitable. They have special hydraulic accumulators (receivers) and automation, which are designed for use in frequent activations.
There are two differences in the type of suction: self-priming (due to the removal of air, liquid is drawn into the discharged cavity) and with a submerged element to capture the medium.
A self-priming pump is suitable for pipelines in which it is not necessary to constantly maintain pressure, when drawing water at a depth level in the well of no more than 8.
Submersible
This type of pumping equipment is characterized by the housing being buried completely or partially in the water. They are oriented towards pumping liquid to high altitudes.
Their productivity is higher and they maintain pressure in the system more effectively than surface ones.
Pumps intended for immersion in water are provided with the following protective equipment:
- stainless steel or polymer housing is highly sealed
- electrical wiring is well insulated
- equipped with automatic protection
When choosing this type of pump, you need to take into account the flow rate of the well so that it high performance optimally provided water pressure in the system, but did not pump out the liquid completely.
There are types of multi-stage submersible pumps in the market that provide uninterrupted water supply in difficult situations.
When choosing this type of equipment, you should take into account the following features for its reliable operation:
- immersion depth no more than 7m
- there must be at least 1 m from the suction pipe to the bottom
- the device must be equipped with a filter and automatic protection
Well equipment options differ from downhole devices with a larger diameter due to the cooling jacket for the engine. For a home pipeline, it is better to choose a well pipeline. This is justified by the fact that this type has a lower price and greater productivity at the same power and pressure as for wells.
How to choose a pump for home water supply without a receiver
For home water supply, a receiver is sometimes used.
It is also called a hydraulic accumulator, a water tank.
This equipment allows you to accumulate hydraulic energy and release it to the water supply system at home, facilitating the operation of the pump.
It is very convenient to have such a tank in conditions of frequent power outages.
Now the market offers many different sizes of receivers for home water supply systems, but not in every case it needs to be installed.
How to choose a water supply pump without a receiver so that the operating conditions are the best for it?
When choosing a device, plan in advance what it will be used for and under what conditions it will work. It's better to mount it in plumbing system storage tank if the water supply is intermittent.
For example, when frequent use kitchen faucet or bathroom. Under such operating conditions, the sediment will break down and wear out faster due to such frequent switching on/off.
Given that permanent job a pump without intermittent shutdowns does not require a hydraulic accumulator. Usually he does an excellent job of watering the plants or filling the pool himself.
Choosing a pump for water supply to the estate
When choosing a pump for home water supply, you need to consider the following conditions for their use. For surface devices:
- The optimal height of water rise is located at 7-8 m.
- Maximum performance is achieved when using the device to a depth of 9m.
- groups of self-priming pumps are used to draw liquid from a shallow source and require filling with water before being put into operation
- equipment with normal suction take advantage of increasing the pressure of the medium in the system
- It is possible to compensate for the loss of pressure when operating at great depths of a surface pump if you use a device with ejectors that maintain water circulation
For submersible or well pump:
- the submersible type is very similar to the well type, but differs in the height of water rise - no more than 10m
- the minimum depth of the suction pipe to the bottom is at least 1 m, since silt and sand will be captured from the bottom of the source
- focus on the main operating parameters of the well pump - productivity (on average 1 cubic m/day per person) and pressure
How to determine which pump will be better given the same technical characteristics Oh? Here you need to take into account some features of water use.
For example, if the house is supposed to be supplied with liquid from a well, and the plantings on the site can be watered from a river or pond, then it is better to choose a surface pump. It allows you to pump water from a shallow depth, literally a few centimeters.
The equipment is quite easy to move from one place to another.
A submersible pump is inconvenient to move and the depth required for its operation is lower than for a surface pump. If it will be pumped from only one source, then it is better to use a submersible or well type of equipment.
The unit operates almost silently and is invisible. The only requirement for its operation is to protect it from “dry running”, which can quickly damage the device.
Here are the main characteristics and operating conditions that are worth paying attention to for those who want to buy a pump for home water supply.
Keep in mind that for each plot and family, the conditions and purposes of its use vary, so you need to choose it based on your individual needs and the capabilities of the existing well. If you prepare in advance, you can buy the most suitable equipment to ensure uninterrupted supply of water needs.
The simplest classification of water pumps can be built based on the position of the unit relative to the water source. And according to this principle, the range of pumps can be divided into two groups:
- A segment of submersible units, which will include pumps lowered into a well or borehole.
- A segment of surface units, which will include pumps in contact with water through an intake pipe.
Moreover, within the segment, the structural differences between the units are minimal. But submersible and surface pumps differ slightly more than completely from each other. Therefore, further in the text we will consider each type of pump in more detail.
Submersible pumps for wells and wells
Such pumps “dive” directly into the source. Therefore, the diameter of the cylindrical body of such units ranges from 90 to 150-200 millimeters. That is, a submersible pump can be placed in a well with a ring diameter of 90-100 centimeters and in a well outlined by a 10-centimeter casing pipe.
At the same time, water intake is possible both from shallow depths - 7-9 meters, and from a more buried level - 30-40 meters. The pressure of the unit (the height of the water column pushed to the surface) ranges from 20-40 to 80-100 meters. But here you need to take into account that every 10 meters horizontally is equal to one meter vertically.
The design differences between submersible pumps concern only the design of the aggregate part. Such equipment operates from a centrifugal or vibration pumping mechanism. At the same time, centrifugal pumps provide good performance, pumping hundreds of liters of water per minute, and vibration units can get liquid from the greatest depth and do not react to the degree of contamination of the pumped medium.
Installation submersible unit occurs according to a simplified scheme. We simply lower the pump into the well for water supply (or into the well), hanging it in the shaft on a cable made of of stainless steel. In practice, this operation looks like this:
- You unpack the pump and connect it to the outlet fitting pressure pipe through which the liquid will flow. The length of the pipe is equal to the depth of the well minus half a meter - the unit will “float” exactly at this level. The diameter of the pipe is selected according to the pump passport.
- Next, you unwind the power cord and attach it to the intake pipe with polymer ties, which you can buy at a “computer” store. The length of the power cord in branded models is usually equal to the pump pressure. Therefore, you will not have problems with the outlet.
- After this, you need to secure the pump to a cable, which is threaded through special ears in the upper part of the unit body. And the fastening must be reliable. Therefore, it is supplemented with a bolt clamp or simply “riveted” the free end of the cable in a copper tube.
- The next step is to fix the cable on a console laid across the neck of the source shaft.
- Finally, you lower the pump into the shaft, holding it only by the cable. Manipulations with the pipe or power cable are strictly prohibited!
At the same time, you need to understand that the pump “drowned” in the well not forever. It will have to be removed to the surface to clean the working chamber or during disinfection of the walls of a well or well.
As a result, it can be argued that submersible pumps will be useful to both owners of shallow wells and property owners artesian wells. Moreover, the performance of such a unit is sufficient to pump liquid over a fairly significant distance - up to 100 meters. In addition, a submersible pump can operate for quite a long time: after all, the body of such a unit is cooled by water from a well or borehole. Therefore, submersible pumps operate longer than surface units.
If you own a deep well located a considerable distance from your house, then ideal option pressure unit for your autonomous water supply It will be a submersible pump.
Surface water pumps and stations
Such a pump is mounted in a caisson (a well above the shaft of a well or a well), a building above a source, the basement of a house or an extension to it. It is not recommended to install surface pumps in the house itself (or rather, in the residential part of the building) - they make quite a lot of noise during operation.
Water intake, in this case, is possible from a depth of 8-16 meters. Moreover, only pipes with an ejector are immersed to the bottom mark - a special nozzle that increases the pressure in the intake branch. Without an ejector, the pump will only lift water from a depth of 5-6 meters. Therefore, surface pumps and stations are sold either with a built-in ejector or with an external (remote) unit. Well, if this device is not included in the package, you can always purchase it separately.
The strength of the surface pump is the physical accessibility of the unit. The connection of the pumping station to the water supply and well/borehole is carried out on the surface. Therefore, you can clean the working chamber even without dismantling it water fittings. And even a child can replace the filters.
The weak point of surface aggregates is that they are complicated commissioning works. The pump can only be started when the intake pipe is full connecting the working chamber and the well.
As a result, when installing surface pressure equipment, it is customary to adhere to the following procedure:
- First, prepare the supporting surface. A small podium is poured on the floor, and a special bracket is mounted on the wall.
- Next, the pump or station is installed on a supporting surface distant from the power source (socket) by the length of the cord. Moreover, a typical pump is equipped with a two- or three-meter cable. The equipment is fixed using bolts, placing anti-vibration pads between the base and the supporting surface.
- After this, you need to attach a tee with a vertical outlet, closed by a shut-off valve, to the pump intake fitting. When starting the pump through this valve, you will have to fill the intake pipe and the working chamber of the unit.
- A filter is mounted in a glass housing to the free side branch of the tee. Moreover, the filter element may have to be changed frequently. Therefore, its body must be collapsible.
- A coupling receiving the intake pipe is connected to the free outlet of the filter. And since the majority external pipes made of plastic, the coupling must be either crimped or welded with a metal insert.
- The intake pipe is led to the shaft of the well or well along a trench, after which it is lowered into the well, equipped with a sinker - a rubberized ball. The immersion depth of the intake tube cannot be more than 8-10 meters. Well, at the end of the intake fittings, before immersing it, you need to install a strainer and a check valve that prevents water from draining back into the well after the pump is turned off.
If the pump is equipped with a remote ejector, then it must be installed in front of the filter and check valve, connecting to the pressure pipe of the unit with a separate pipeline. Therefore, two pipes go from such pumps to the well - an intake line (through which water is pumped to the surface) and a pressure fitting (through which pressure is supplied to the ejector). Of course, this complicates installation somewhat, but the performance gains cover all these inconveniences.
As a result, we can say that surface pumps will only be of interest to owners of shallow wells or wells drilled to the second aquifer. But given the simplicity of the installation process and easy maintenance, these units are no less popular than their submersible counterparts.
Pumps that increase water pressure
In addition to submersible and surface pumps In domestic water supply systems, you can find another type of unit - a pressure booster pump. Indeed, with a sufficiently branched network, one can observe a power deficit of the main pressure equipment, which is unable to push the required volume of liquid through the pipes.
In this case, the pressure is “saved” by a booster pump for the water supply system - a circulation unit embedded in the pipeline in front of the central or intermediate collector.
In this case, such a pump is mounted only in tandem with a storage tank that accumulates the water supply necessary to “accelerate” the pressure. Otherwise, the working chamber of the pump will very quickly fill with air, and the device itself will burn out. That is why such “pressure amplifiers” must be used with great caution.
The process of installing a booster pump is indecently simple: you simply cut the unit into the pipeline behind the manifold, using a pair of valves and adapter fittings. The pump is mounted on a supporting wall using standard “clips”. That is, you cut the pipe, install fittings on the free ends to which you attach the valves, and connect the ends of the fittings to the inlet and outlet fittings of the pump, orienting the unit in the direction of fluid flow in the pipeline.
Let's summarize. If you have deep well– buy a submersible pump. If you have a shallow well, buy a surface unit. Not enough pressure - buy it additional device to increase pressure. That's all the secrets.
Purchasing a country house or country cottage area, almost all owners are faced with the problem of lack of central water supply. To solve this problem, wells are drilled, but even if you find an artesian well on your property, you will not be able to provide your house with water. For normal life, a home pumping station is installed, thanks to which water rises to the surface, passes through filters and is supplied to the house.
Is it possible to get by with just a pump?
When there is a source of water on the site, you need to select the right equipment to ensure its lifting and transportation to the house. Most the usual way to do this - install a submersible water pump for wells. The principle of its operation is that it will start and supply liquid every time you use plumbing fixtures. If the water in the source is below the pump level or a power surge occurs, the unit will not turn on and the liquid will not flow to the plumbing.
A household pumping station, consisting of a pump and a container for accumulating a reserve volume of water, will help you make your stay outside the city more comfortable and provide a constant water supply. If the unit cannot pump water from the well, the water pumping station will connect the membrane tank to the water supply.
What is the advantage of the station
In addition to the fact that the kit (factory or assembled) includes a storage tank, the pumping station for private use includes a surface unit, not a submersible one. This makes it possible to draw water even from a source of small diameter. You just need to lower a pipe with a check valve into the source, and forward movement to the surface will begin. This is relevant for dachas, in cases where drilling a large well is impractical.
In temporary homes where there is no need for a constant and large volume of water, it is recommended to use household stations.
If water flows only to 1-2 points of intake or only for watering the area, it is worth drilling a needle well. Only a surface unit is also mounted into such a source, since a regular submersible one simply will not fit (the smallest diameter of the downhole unit is 8 cm). Such household pumping stations water is served strong pressure into the pipeline even to the second floor of a country estate.
The principle of operation of pumping stations: pumping water as needed into a special reservoir - a hydraulic accumulator
However, in addition to the obvious advantages, water supply pumping stations also have disadvantages, namely, the installation of devices in rooms where the temperature does not drop to negative values, and systematic after-sales service. The water pumping station can pump water from a well up to 8 meters deep. However, there are installations equipped with an ejector, which gives them the ability to pump water from great depths.
Types of water supply installations
When you come to a specialized store to buy a pumping unit for a private home, you will certainly come across a variety of types. What's the difference between the devices?
Based on the type of water absorption, household water pumping stations are classified:
Devices with a remote ejector
They pump liquid from a depth of 50 meters. In this case, the ejector must be lowered into the source. The low noise level of the installation allows it to be located in the house. If the water source is located deep, this type of station becomes indispensable. The weak point of the device is sensitivity to impurities, as they clog and damage the ejector. It is also worth considering what deeper well, the lower the throughput of the installation.
Stations with built-in ejector
Pump only from a depth of up to 8 meters. Can be used for contaminated fluid and sand wells. The main disadvantage is high noise, so they are mounted in caissons or extensions.
By drive type
According to the type of liquid supply, a pumping station for private use can be equipped with storage or membrane tank. In the first case, the tank is mounted in the upper part of the house, the pump pumps liquid into the container, and from it the water spreads through the pipeline. The advantages of such a system include efficiency, since they turn on only when the tank is empty to a certain level. However, significantly more installation has disadvantages - low water pressure in the pipeline, risk of flooding of the house, large overall dimensions.
Today, more in demand hydraulic installations, that is, equipped with a membrane tank or a hydraulic accumulator. Such systems are small-sized and can be installed in basements or separate extensions, since the pressure in the accumulator is regulated. The installation also has disadvantages: a small supply of liquid in the membrane container and such an installation is more expensive.
By installation method
Water supply pumping stations based on the type of water intake source are:
- Surface - a water pump for supplying liquid is installed at the top, and the pipe attached to it is lowered into the source. This mechanism is easier to control and maintain. Such a system should be installed if water is drawn from a depth of eight meters or less.
- Submersible models are more economical and easier to install, but also cost more. This unit has a waterproof body and is completely submersible in water.
How to avoid making a mistake when choosing a system?
Having decided to install pumping unit For country house, many find it difficult to choose necessary equipment. What should you focus on? When selecting a system, it is necessary to take into account the following technical characteristics:
- Pump power - as a rule, ranges from 0.6 to 1.5 kW. They are selected depending on the number of water intake points, the distance from the well to the pump and the volume of water that enters the well per unit of time.
- System performance - selected taking into account the productivity of the source specified in the documents. For a private home, a unit with throughput from 3000 l/hour to 6000 l/hour, and for a summer residence 600 -1000 l/hour.
- Volume storage capacity- is selected based on how much reserve water is needed in case the electricity is cut off or the liquid in the source fails to rise.
- The material of the hydraulic accumulator is cast iron, plastic and steel. The most affordable ones are plastic, but they have a short service life. The best option in terms of price and quality - steel containers.
- Protecting the system from overheating and idling - its presence in the device will significantly increase the price, but with increased fluid intake it is justified. Idle control and elevated temperature device involves stopping the device when there is no liquid in the well and preserving the device from breakdown.
- Control method (automatic, remote or manual) - thanks to automatic regulation The station turns on without additional intervention when the storage tank is empty and stops when the tank is full. This additional convenience for uninterrupted operation in private homes.
Domestic pumping stations for summer cottages, when liquid pumping is needed only seasonally, are preferably with manual control.
Pumping stations for water supply to homes and cottages are simply irreplaceable to ensure comfortable life. Similar devices are used for irrigation, and for the operation of sewerage systems, and to ensure drinking water residents. When deciding on fluid supply issues, it is important to make the right choice, otherwise a mistake can turn into a loss of comfort, Money and time.
VIDEO: Calculation of a water supply pump
Weaknesses and frequent breakdowns
As mentioned earlier, factory-made domestic water pumping stations have a large number of advantages:
- price, which, if you purchase the entire set, will be lower than if you purchase each element separately;
- compact dimensions allowing it to be installed anywhere;
- simple installation and easy maintenance, unlike submersible models, which have to be pulled to the surface every time;
- ready to use immediately after purchase - nothing needs to be assembled or twisted separately.
But there are also a number of disadvantages that put users in a difficult position regarding their choice:
- low height of the water column (no more than 8 meters)
Some users come up with a way out by digging a caisson to install equipment.
- the room where the device will be installed must be insulated - it simply cannot be started in frosty temperatures of -15°C;
- insulation of pipes running along the surface on the same bases is required;
- maximum hydraulic accumulator capacity 50 liters;
- noisy work.
And if the shortcomings are quite conventional and easy to fix, then breakdowns also need to be taken into account before choosing.
- When the power goes out, a water hammer follows, which is usually quite critical for the installation.
- The quality of water from a well does not always meet the standards, which leads to failure of the blades and contamination of the storage tank.
- Water consumption does not meet standards. The device passport provides for a certain number of on/off cycles. If this indicator is exceeded by 50%, the membrane in the accumulator ruptures.
It is easy to check the serviceability of the membrane - press the nipple on back side hydraulic accumulator. If there is a leak, it needs to be replaced.
- The pressure switch malfunctions, which increases the number of on/off cycles. This, in turn, leads to membrane rupture (see above).
In apartments, people don’t think much about it. How exactly does the water come in? All you have to do is open the tap and it starts flowing. In a private house where there is a well, everyone knows the price of water and what difficult work needs to be done to ensure its uninterrupted flow.
VIDEO: Water supply station. Main malfunctions, causes and recommendations for selection
Water pumps for home plumbing are necessary to ensure uninterrupted circulation of liquid and the required level of pressure in the water supply system of the entire area. Therefore, the selection of this equipment should be approached with all due care.
So let's look at its varieties and main characteristics.
Kinds
So, let's get started:
Submersible
Submersible devices are vortex, centrifugal and worm. Centrifugal ones are the most widespread due to their high practicality, and we will consider them:
These models are immersed directly to the bottom of the well itself, from where they supply liquid to the system.
Advantages:
- Affordable price.
- High level of power and performance. These models are ideal for servicing artesian wells.
- Small diameter, which allows you to get by with drilling a narrow well.
- Easy to use with your own hands.
- Long service life due to the absence of rubbing elements.
The disadvantage is the difficulty of carrying out repair work, which is associated with the need to lift the apparatus from great depths.
Connection:
- Connect to the device power cable, hose and steel cable.
- We dive to the bottom of the well.
- We fix the cable on the head.
Semi-submersible
These pumps are an intermediate link between submersible and surface models. They are inferior in terms of technical characteristics and cannot perform specialized tasks, but they have several advantages that make them more convenient when working with small, wide wells.
Namely:
- Easy maintenance. After all, this equipment does not require complete immersion.
- There is no need for complete sealing.
The connection looks almost the same as in the previous version, only you need to avoid getting it wet. top part device.
Pumping station
The main noticeable difference of this option is the presence of a hydraulic accumulator, which allows you to accumulate water for its further transportation to water intake points. In most cases, in addition to other pumps, you will still have to install such a unit. This equipment is installed in a specially equipped caisson or basement.
| Designation in the figure | Name |
| 1 | Control station |
| 2 | Network cable with plug |
| 3 | Network cable with socket |
| 4 | Circuit breaker |
| 5 | Power socket |
| 6 | Water source |
| 7 | Inlet strainer |
| 8 | Check valve |
| 9 | Suction line |
| 10 | Surface pump |
| 11 | Pump cable with plug |
| 12 | Discharge pipeline |
| 13 | Nipple |
| 14 | Cross |
| 15 | Hydraulic accumulator |
| 16 | Transitional nipple |
| 17 | Flexible eyeliner |
| 18 | Pipeline to water intake points |
Advantages:
- Full automation. Thanks to the presence of automation, control over the operation of the station is not needed, which greatly simplifies its operation.
- Ensuring the required level of pressure in the water supply system, which is required for the operation of many plumbing fixtures.
- Elimination of water hammer. Due to the peculiarities of their structure, they ensure an even supply of liquid, which increases the service life of the entire water supply system.
- Possibility of working without electricity. In the event of an accident at a power plant or a wire break, water will continue to flow for some time until the accumulator is empty.
- Extending the operating life of the pump, since its number of switching on and off is reduced.
- Simple instructions for connecting to the water supply system.
Flaws:
- Relatively high cost. Although during operation the initial costs pay off fairly quickly.
- Limitation on the depth of water rise, which is usually 10 m.
Connection:
- We choose a reliable, stable place and install the unit on it.
- Connect to power.
- We lower the suction hose into the well.
Circulating
This device does not serve to lift water from the depths, but provides the necessary pressure in the water supply system.
Due to this, it has a slightly wider range of applications:
- In combination with water-lifting devices that are unable to create the required level of pressure.
| Designation in the figure | Name |
| 1 | Terminal housing |
| 2 | Threaded plug |
| 3 | Technical information plate |
| 4 | Stator housing |
| 5 | Bolts |
| 6 | O-ring |
| 7 | Bearing outer shell |
| 8 | Shaft |
| 9 | Thrust bearing |
| 10 | Bearing plate |
| 11 | Stopper |
| 12 | Split cone |
| 13 | Working wheel |
| 14 | screw |
| 15 | Sealing the gap |
| 16 | Pump body |
| 17 | Sensor connector |
| 19 | Splash protection ring |
Connection:
- Shut off the water supply to the circuit.
- Cut off part of the pipe.
- We install the device in its place.
Tip: If you create a parallel branch for circulation pump and equip it shut-off valves, then you can turn off the device at any time and perform it Maintenance without stopping the entire system.
Calculations
If you want the selected circulation equipment to perform its functions, then before purchasing it, you must calculate the power of the device required for your area using the following formula:
Н = (Н 1 + Н 2 + Н 3) * 20%, where
- N – required pressure, measured in meters;
- N 1 – the number of meters from the bottom of the well to its mirror;
- N 2 – the number of meters from the well surface to the exit;
- H 3 – the power of the water-lifting pump specified in the instructions.
Having received the desired value, you will know exactly how much it is necessary to increase the pressure in the pipeline.
It will also be useful to calculate the required performance of your water-lifting apparatus:
P = p 1 + p 2 +p 3 + … +p n, where
- P is the required capacity to provide all water intake points with water;
- Р. n – consumed amount of liquid by each point separately.
Conclusion
As you can see, several options for pumping equipment are used to equip the water supply system of a private home. So, submersible is indispensable when lifting liquid from artesian wells, semi-submersible will be more appropriate when servicing wells, pumping stations will be excellent and completely autonomous choice for sand wells, and circulation ones can increase the missing pressure in the pipeline ().
In addition, do not forget about the need to preliminary calculations power indicators of future equipment.
The video in this article will introduce you to additional materials. Make your choice taking into account all the above recommendations.
