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DIY knife sharpener - drawings. About the design and creation of a homemade machine for sharpening knives How to make a sharpening machine for knives

To perform their functions, knives must always be sharp. Any housewife who uses a knife to cut food knows how quickly it becomes dull.

Can make a sharpener from wooden blocks. You will need 4 bars of the same size: 2 wooden, and 2 abrasive. The wood is sanded, removing all burrs using sandpaper. Markings are applied to them depending on the desired angle, a sharpening stone is applied to them and its width is fixed. On the markings, cuts are made with a depth of 1.5 cm. Abrasive bars are inserted into the recesses and secured with bolts.

Consider the action clamping device. The knife is fixed and remains motionless, and the stone makes translational movements. It forms a smooth cutting edge on the edge of the knife at the required angle. To make the blade perfectly sharp, you need to consistently change sharpening stones. It must be remembered that the stones must move strictly perpendicular to the area that is being sharpened.

Chisels and plane knives can be sharpened at home. You need to make a basic device where the sharpening angle will be fixed. Sharpening is carried out strictly on sanding paper.

Simple knife sharpening machine

To make it you need two pairs of slats and a block. The slats are connected to each other using adjustable screws, and a block is installed between them. The structure must be stable, it is not advisable to move it on the desktop. To better secure the block, you need to provide support strips that can be placed between the wooden components.

Easy to do with your own hands. You need to prepare the necessary tool.

This machine has disadvantages:

• it is not always possible to control the sharpening angle, especially if you work for a long time;
• the design is unstable, another fixation unit is needed;
• You need to regularly tighten the screws so that the location of the bar does not change.

Sharpening planing knives

This is a complex process that requires certain knowledge and skills. It is difficult to find a device for sharpening planing knives on sale. Many people do this using regular sharpening tools. For this case, it is recommended to purchase a modern low-speed sharpener, which is equipped with water cooling.

To make a planing knife sharp, you need to find a smooth and ungreasy stone that is used in this area. A water stone is perfect.

You can sharpen such a knife in any car workshop that has a tool for sharpening knives. For an additional fee, any blade will be made sharp for you using a special machine.

There are two types of knife sharpening: one-sided and two-sided. Working methods will differ from each other. This needs to be taken into account.

When choosing a quality block, you need to choose a stone with a medium grain.

Knives that have special coatings for cutting edges do not need to be sharpened. They are made of especially hard alloys that protect the blade from wear.

A sharpener with a special cutting edge in the form of teeth should not be attempted to sharpen in the usual way. For such a blade, you need to use laser control, which is not available in an ordinary apartment.

Wash blades frequently hot water This is not possible, as this will dull their blades faster.

To quickly sharpen a blade, without having a special device at hand, use an ordinary ceramic mug. Its bottom usually has a rough rim not covered with glaze - it can be used instead of a stone. The method is suitable for auxiliary pointing.

In some villages it is still practiced method of sharpening blades on a foundation. For its manufacture it was used cement-sand mortar, so the foundation surface has a grainy surface. Of course, this method is for residents apartment buildings can't be called acceptable, but it's a pretty good option.

Conclusion

Every home must have a knife sharpening device. You can make a simple model of a knife sharpening device with your own hands.

Let it be the most simple model, but if you do it yourself, your blades will never get dull.

In households, the use of cutting, sawing and planing tools is often necessary. During operation, they lose their sharpness, and the blade needs to restore its original properties.

Taking your tools to workshops to sharpen them is a reasonable option, but in order not to waste money again, you can make a device for sharpening knives with your own hands.

General information about sharpening knives

The goal of any type of knife sharpening is to ensure a sharp blade. And most important factor, which affects long-term and efficient operation is the sharpening angle. The practicality of this parameter is well assessed during the work process. If you look objectively, you will notice that with a smaller angle, the knife blade results in a sharper one. But with this action, it turns out that the period of improved cutting qualities is not very long, i.e. it becomes dull faster. The sharper the knife blade becomes during the sharpening process, the more quickly it will become dull. Based on this pattern, we can come to the conclusion that the angle must be selected correctly and the value must be maintained evenly along the entire length of the edge.

It is worth noting that only those types of blades that have a certain degree of hardening can be sharpened. If the steel hardness of the cutting parts exceeds 55 HRC, then it cannot be sharpened with any available tools.

The golden rule for sharpening knives is to keep the sharpening angle constant. cutting edge throughout its entire length.

To achieve this, you need professionalism, skills and special equipment that will allow you to hold the tool in your hands, maintaining a given angle of inclination of each cutting edge.

In this case, you can take care of purchasing a special device, but such products are usually expensive, so you can try to make it yourself. Read more about how to make such a device at home below.

Video “Homemade design of a simple knife sharpener”

Features of using the device

Of course, a simple whetstone is suitable for sharpening a knife or the cutting edge of a plane. But its quality will not be the best. To ensure uniform removal of the metal layer and precision processing, it is necessary to use special sharpening devices.

The advantage of such a product is not only its ease of use, but also factors such as:

1. The ability to fix the blades, which is quite reliable and does not cause unnecessary stress. a properly designed device does not allow the metal to be damaged during operation.
2. Possibility of installing the bar at a certain angle. Thanks to this, when the cutting edge moves, the angle value will not change.
3. Installation Variation different angles sharpening. With this functionality, it is possible to process various tools, even sharpening knives with a stepped structure.

Materials and tools required for the device

To make a simple and quite high-quality device, you need to take care of preparing the following workpieces and tools:

• plywood or small laminated chipboard sheet;
• steel stud with a diameter of 8 mm (the thread on it must be cut along the entire length);
• textolite or ebonite bars (alternatively can be replaced with hard wood - beech, oak, etc.);
• aluminum plate (with a thickness of at least 5 mm);
• fasteners – bolts, nuts (wing);
• neodymium magnet (you can find it on an old computer HDD).

Drawings of a device for sharpening knives with your own hands

After preparation and provision of materials, you can begin the process of assembling the device. First of all, we take plywood to use as a frame, which should rest on the mounting legs at a certain angle in the range from 15 to 20 degrees. After this, the pin we prepared is screwed into the lower part; its length should be approximately 35-40 cm. To make the mounting thread more durable, you can use glue or sealant.

We fasten an aluminum plate in the center of the installed plywood. Before fastening it, it is necessary to make a groove, which in size will correspond to the diameter of the fixing bolts. It is worth noting that we use an aluminum plate as this will help avoid damage to the steel blade of the knife.

After this, we proceed to making a lever that will allow you to secure the emery to the device. To assemble it we use the remaining part of the pin. Then we take two textolite (or wooden) blocks and by sawing out we make holders for the lever. The stops should be secured on one side with a wing nut.

It is optimal to provide a spring-loaded block near the handle, which will allow you to quickly change the emery stone.

As the main elements, you can use blanks from homemade bars - to aluminum plate glue the sheets of sandpaper, and their grain size should be different. Such a device can be quite easily fixed in the lever.

Home design feature- this is the presence of a hinge with a double degree of freedom. Such a device can be easily assembled using the same PCB bars. One of them should be screwed onto the threads of the vertical stud, and used as a horizontal rotary axis and a height adjuster for the lever support (this is necessary for setting the sharpening angle).

The function of the second block having horizontal hole under the lever, is that it must be screwed to the first one.

Thanks to this, it is possible to ensure free vertical movement of the entire lever structure.

The knives are clamped with a plate, or fixed to the surface of a neodymium magnet. When removing the first layer with coarse types of abrasive, the blade must be securely fixed.

If it is necessary to perform fine-tuning, you can install the blade on a magnet and perform the sharpening operation with little effort. The horseshoe of magnets should be recessed at the same level as the table top and set with epoxy glue.

Manufacturing homemade device for sharpening knives can be considered complete. It is enough to set the desired angle and sharpen the edge slowly and smoothly along the entire length of the blade.

Video “Do-it-yourself knife sharpener”

Device for sharpening knives using electric sandpaper

An electric sharpener will not only speed up the work, but also make it possible to obtain high-quality concave edge profiles on the blades, the so-called fuller sharpening. It is impossible to achieve such forms using a linear bar; therefore, these types of devices are not interchangeable, but complementary devices.

It is noteworthy that a person, working on a manual sharpening device, controls the speed and intensity of the processes performed, while the emery wheel has a constantly high rotation speed, which can negatively affect the condition of the knife.

With friction, metal surface lends itself to strong heating, which results in the “tempering” of the hardening of the steel. The material loses many properties, it becomes less hard, which leads to abrasion and the appearance of torn edges. Another problem with a “released” knife is the rapid loss of sharpness. In this regard, you need to work carefully with an electric sandpaper, bringing the blade for sharpening to the abrasive for short periods of time and taking frequent breaks to allow the knife to cool.

When working in such modes, it is quite problematic to maintain constant angles, so the tool needs to be securely fixed during such processing.

The design of such a device is quite simple to implement. In the direction of the rotating axis, there are guides on the emery along which carriages with knives move. The angles are maintained mechanically, and the forces are determined directly by the operator.

This type of device is quite easy to make with your own hands - there is no need to carry out precision work for processing metal parts. The base material is actually used to make the guides.

On the workbench, near the sharpener, guides are mounted, with the help of which it is possible to change the distance from the knife stops to the abrasive. This distance affects the sharpening angle. The vertical rod must necessarily have up-down freewheel regulators with durable types fixing current positions.

The knife blade should be held horizontally, pressing against the thrust element. The force in contact with the emery must be adjusted directly during operation. The processing needs to be done symmetrically; you just need to change the sides of the knife and sharpen them at the same angles.

Application this method may only be suitable for processing classic type knives. Kitchen, hunting, tourist and other types of cutting planes various instruments require a slightly different approach.

A common type of design for sharpening knives is the “Jointer”

For such a device, it is necessary to use a specialized sandpaper, with an end type work surface. The guide under the carriage is placed at the bottom so that it is located away from the rotating axis. This is due to the fact that in this part abrasive wheel, his work is considered the most effective. Guides with cutting elements move manually, the clamps are provided by the tool’s own weight.

A drawing of each structural design is shown in the image.

This type of machine was used at the beginning of the last century, and throughout this time the technology of its operation has remained unchanged. The simplicity of this device makes it easy to make for your home workshop. Any components made of metal, plastic, or wood are suitable for this.

By replacing the cutting element on the jointer, you can sharpen the ice ax knives, the main thing is to maintain the correct angle, which should be flatter. Devices for sharpening scissors work on the same principle.

To sharpen a chisel and a plane knife, you can also use an electric sandpaper and locking carriages. But these types of tools are compact and can be sharpened with a mechanical tool.

There are equivalent methods - along the edges and across. In terms of quality, the processing is virtually identical; therefore, it is therefore impossible to primarily single out a specific type of device.

For factory products, blades are supposed to be adjusted transversely.

Using a similar principle, thick plywood is taken from which the frame is made. Any rollers can be used as a guide, preferably more than two. By moving the machine along the surface of the emery, the chisel blade is given an ideal shape.

If serious types of sharpening are not required, simpler devices are also suitable for minor edits.

Attach the bars with the required angles of inclination to the chisel. Place sandpaper and a piece of glass near them. Apply a soap solution to the glass surface.

You will be pleasantly surprised by the effectiveness of such devices.

For transverse sharpening, it is worth making a simpler device, where the guide element also acts as a support. The blade is attached vertically to the moving part. The only drawback of this is the fixed angle, which is set during the manufacturing process.

But, compared to a knife, the resulting deviations from ideals are not so critical.

This type of device can be used for sharpening plane knives. But due to the wide size of the blades, the process becomes somewhat more complicated. In this regard, you can use an electric sharpener that has an end working surface.

The stops are made of wooden blocks. It is important to provide for the possibility of changing angles. Clamps are provided by the operator, and semicircular sharpening can be performed, which is very indispensable for carpenters.

Naturally, this device is convenient to use for sharpening the edges of chisels. If given high rate productivity - you can restore tools even with a large number jagged

Now you know how you can create a homemade sharpening machine to perform all the necessary operations for sharpening knives at home.

Video “Device for sharpening various types of knives”

Every housewife at least once in her life has encountered the fact that the knives with which she usually cuts bread, butchers meat or chops vegetables become dull in her kitchen. Using such knives is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous, because the blade can fall off the product and injure you. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically sharpen the tool using special devices. In stores, such devices are presented in a huge assortment, but for certain reasons they do not suit consumers. In such a situation, you can make a knife sharpener yourself. In principle, it is not difficult to find drawings and diagrams for work, but detailed master classes we will present in this article.

What conditions must be observed when sharpening knives?

Do you know how to sharpen knives correctly? In fact, there is a whole series rules, following which you can achieve an ideal result.

The necessary conditions look like this:

• For long-term and efficient operation of knives, when sharpening them, it is necessary to pay maximum attention to the angle between the edges of the blade. During sharpening, it is imperative to restore the initially specified angle so that it meets technological standards and allows you to cut products quickly, efficiently, and freely.
• Need to pick up optimal angle for each blade. So, for example, a scalpel or razor should have an angle of 10-15 degrees, devices for cutting fruits, bread and vegetables - 15-20 degrees. Knives for working with hard materials you need to sharpen at an angle of 30-40 degrees.
• Without a special device, sharpening a blade is quite difficult. Holding the knife with your hands only makes it difficult to achieve the desired angle of inclination. So just for the sake of relief this process there are sharpeners.

In fact, making a knife with your own hands is as easy as shelling pears, because all such devices have simple design and it won’t take you much time to create them.

Types and production of sharpening stones

There are a large number of stones available for sale for sharpening knives, but the most popular types are the following:

• Water tools. Working with them necessarily involves the use of water, thereby saving the surface of the stones.
• Oil stone. It is very similar in shape and structure to water, the only difference is that its surface is slightly oily.
• Natural stones. They are produced from natural materials, previously undergoing industrial processing.
• Artificial instruments. They are made from non-natural ingredients.
• Rubber devices. They are no less often found on sale, but working with them is extremely inconvenient.

Before you make a knife in the form of an abrasive bar, you need to purchase several glass plates 4-5 mm thick, rectangular in shape.

Then make a sharpener according to the scheme:

1. Using double-sided tape, apply sandpaper to the surface of the plates different levels graininess.
2. Tighten the nuts carefully to prevent the glass from cracking.

Important! During the operation of such a device, water is not used, which is why the abrasive wears out quite quickly.

When sharpening knives with an abrasive stone, you should avoid too sudden movements, otherwise it will overheat and the blade will lose its useful properties.

Products for sharpening knives made from wooden blocks

Making a sharpener from two abrasive and two wooden blocks is quite simple, the main thing is that the starting materials are the same size.

You will need to do the following:

• Thoroughly sand the wooden blocks with sandpaper and remove all burrs.
• Pre-mark the bars, taking into account the required angle of inclination.
• Attach a stone to the resulting line, on both sides wooden block mark its width.
• Make cuts according to the markings on the wooden workpiece.

Important! Make sure that their depth does not exceed 1.5 cm.

• Insert the abrasive stones into the resulting recesses so that they align with the grooves.
• Secure the sharpening stones with bolts and attach a piece of rubber to the bottom.

Do-it-yourself knife from mounting corners

Use this master class to make a high-quality knife with your own hands. You can get the drawings on the Internet.

Tools and materials required for work:

• Metal plates 4 by 11 cm.
• Standard size aluminum corners.
• Metal rods 15 cm long.
• Sharpening machine with vice.
• Needle file.
• Set of bolts and nuts.
• File.

Make a sharpener according to these instructions:

1. Make markings according to the drawing for the holes in the plates.
2. Drill holes, cut threads.
3. Round off sharp edges and corners with a file.
4. In accordance with the diagram, make holes in the corner.
5. Use a file to widen the spoke support.
6. Tap the holes for the studs.
7. Insert the rods into the outer holes and secure them with nuts.
8. Screw the bolt into the widest hole with the nut pre-screwed onto it.
9. Insert bolts to clamp the knife into the remaining holes.
10. Screw the nuts onto the ends of the rods, and place a corner on top to secure the nuts.
11. Collect from thin metal rod, wing nut and two holders, assemble a device to hold the sharpening stone.

Important! This sharpener can have a wide range of degrees of pressure angle; it is incredibly convenient to use.

Making an electric knife sharpener at home

Making an electric knife with your own hands is a little more complicated, because the device itself has a complex design.

Prepare the following materials and devices:

• Vacuum cleaner.
• Plan-puck.
• Electric motor.
• Stanin.
• Fencing.

Complete the work strictly following the diagram.

The blades in a cutting tool are the basis of everything. A kitchen knife, grinder wheels, chains for a brush cutter or chainsaw with a well-sharpened blade simplify and speed up the work process.

You can sharpen a tool in a professional workshop or at home if you make a knife sharpening machine with your own hands from simple materials.

For knives used in household use, not needed special tool For sharpening, it is enough to have a sharpener in the form of a bar at hand. But if you have a chainsaw at home, the chains of which also need regular sharpening, or an angle grinder, the disks of which constantly become dull, then it is better to make the installation yourself. The essence of the device is this: a block is attached to the desktop in two variations - with or without adjustment. For those who do not understand the essence of making a sharpener with your own hands from the text, you can watch photo or video master classes.

Device manufacturing diagram

In order for the device to turn out to be of high quality and safe, you need to calculate in advance the dimensions of the machine for sharpening knives with your own hands and select necessary materials. The first thing to do is calculate the angle between the working part of the cutting blade and the block.

Next comes the selection of base materials (support) and stone. You can make a machine from glass covered with sandpaper or stone attached to a support. The first option is less expensive, and the sandpaper can be changed at any time, but more reliable installation- made of stone.

Process nuances

In order for the machine for sharpening knives according to the drawings with your own hands to turn out perfect and last for more than one year, you need to take the advice of experts. The first thing to take into account is what type of blade will be sharpened.

After all, an individual angle is selected for each knife:

1. Blades for cutting hard objects (for example, cardboard, wood, metal), chainsaws - 30-45 degrees.
2. Hunting and tourist knives - at an angle of 25-30 degrees.
3. Kitchen cutting tools for slicing various products need to be sharpened at 20-25 degrees.
4. Simple knives for slicing bread, vegetables and fruits require 15-20 degrees of sharpening. Regular household scissors, as well as razor knives, should be sharpened at the same angle.

Required materials

If you need to make a sharpening machine, you will need the following materials:

• several wooden beams;
• sandpaper;
• sawing tools;
• drill with several drills.

Simple machine. Step by step instructions

• Step 1. Take three slats and place them so that together they form the letter H. The width of the middle rail should be equal to the width of the saw block. Repeat the procedure.
• Step 2. Place the slats perpendicular to each other, connecting their bases - the main structure for holding the saw bar is ready.
• Step 3. This is one of the most important stages! It is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of attachment of the bar relative to the slats. Calculate it using measuring instruments and mark the places where the timber is attached along the vertical and horizontal slats.

If you want universal device, then you need to make several retractable bolts at once at a distance so that you can change the slope of the beam if necessary. This can be done using simple measuring tools and drills. After this, you can cut the slats to a convenient length.

The inconvenience of such a machine is that you will have to independently control the position of the knife relative to the beam. If you don’t want to think about anything at all while sharpening knives, scissors or chains, then you should make a more complex machine.

Universal machine. Step by step instructions

Read each step carefully and, where possible, draw a drawing for each step indicating all dimensions - this will be an excellent help in your work:

1. Cut two rectangular trapezoids from plywood, the bases of which will be equal to 60 and 170 mm, and the side will be equal to right angle– 230 mm.
2. Cut a rectangular board with dimensions 230 by 150 mm.
3. Fix the rectangle between the bases so that it protrudes 40 mm upward.
4. Cut a block measuring 60 by 60 mm and secure it to the base of the wedge.
5. Using a drill, make it in a block vertical hole at a distance of 50 mm from the center. Insert the fittings at the top and bottom of the hole, and into them - a pin of the appropriate diameter, 25 cm long.
6. Process the rectangular base. At the level of the 40 mm protrusion, make a cut of approximately 2 mm so that a sheet of sandpaper can be attached to this place
7. Make a fix:

• • Take an L-shaped plank with dimensions of 15 by 18 cm along the long edges and an approximate width of each shelf of up to 5 cm.
  • Take a rectangular plank 5 by 5 cm.
  • Make a groove in the board at the level of the stud and attach the strips to it with minimal movement.

8. Make a regulator:

• • Secure the stud with a nut so that it does not rotate.
  • Cut a block from hard wood with dimensions of 20x40x80 mm and secure it to the stud using nuts.
  • On the wide side, make a hole of 9 mm with a distance of 15 mm from the edge.
  • Cut two blocks of 50x80x20 mm from hard wood and make one hole in them at a distance of 20 mm from the edge in the center.
  • Take the weld of the stud and the smooth rod and secure the blocks on it as follows: first the locking nut, then the first block. Then aluminum profile, then a second block and another retainer.
  • Glue the sandpaper to the aluminum profile.

The universal sharpening tool is ready. Cut out several templates with different angles so that you can use them as a guide when working. Remember that pre-created drawings will help you at every stage of creating a tool - do not neglect this step, otherwise it will be very difficult to avoid mistakes.

No matter what you need to sharpen - simple kitchen knife, garden or nail scissors or chainsaw chains - such a tool will cope with any job if you set the angle correctly and remember to use it when the need arises.

A DIY knife sharpener will be very useful in the household.

With the help of fairly simple ones, you can carefully and safely sharpen cutting tools, which is simply necessary in the kitchen, fishermen and hunters, and in the workshop.

Of course, a wide range of sharpeners are offered in stores, but homemade devices will save you from unnecessary costs.

A dull knife is a torment for a housewife when she slices bread, cooks food, or cuts meat. Cutting with them is not only difficult, but also dangerous, because... exactly blunt instruments are more likely to cause injuries. There is no point in proving the need for a sharp blade for a fisherman, hunter, shoemaker, etc. It is absolutely clear to everyone that a knife requires periodic sharpening. Another thing is how to provide it.

Many people use tools such as abrasive stones, emery wheels and sandpaper, files. Most often, abrasive or grinding stones are purchased for these purposes, and the procedure itself is carried out “by eye.” After such sharpening, the knife becomes sharp, but also dulls quite quickly.

Why is this happening? The knife blade is made of various steels, has different thicknesses and sharpening parameters. The process of high-quality sharpening should completely restore the shape of the blade, and only in this case will its sharpness meet the planned standards.

Ensuring uniform sharpening without fixing the position and guide elements is very difficult even for professionals. The task is much easier when you use special devices, which allow you to stabilize the processing mode (loads, directions, speed).

To mechanize rather labor-intensive work, it is better to use appropriate sharpening machines. Both devices and machines can be made with your own hands.

Basic principles of sharpening

When properly sharpening a knife, the basic condition must be met: forming a sharp edge of the blade while maintaining its shape, which is ensured by removing metal at a certain angle.

Turning is carried out with an abrasive material that has different grain sizes. Its choice is determined strength characteristics steel. Proper sharpening implies a certain order of work.

Sharpening angle

The effectiveness and quality of the event under consideration is limited by a fundamental parameter - the sharpening angle. Depending on their purpose, knives have the following meanings:

• Straight razors have the smallest angle – (7-11)°;
• fillet knives – (11-14)°;
• kitchen knives for most products, incl. bread, vegetables, meat, etc. – (16-21)°;
• hunting tools and knives for general technical purposes – (21-26)°;
• universal hunting knives– (21-40)°;
• a special tool that is used for cutting and chopping (for example, a machete) – (29-50)°.

The sharpening angle largely determines the thickness of the blade. At the smallest angles it should resemble a razor, and at large angles the possibility of manufacturing extra-strong, massive knives is created.

Important. Holding the abrasive element and the knife itself in your hands, it is very difficult to ensure a given angle along the entire length of the blade, which leads to uneven manual sharpening.

The main task of the device is rigid fixation one of the elements and a clear direction of movement of the second element.

Types and choice of abrasive

To sharpen knives you need abrasive stone which will ensure the necessary cutting of metal. The abrasive ability is provided by a certain surface grain size, i.e. the number of abrasive grains per unit area. According to this parameter, the following stones are distinguished:

• very coarse abrasives (international classification - extra coarse) - have a grain size of less than 260;
• coarse abrasives – 310-360;
• medium abrasives – 390-510;
• fine abrasives – 590-720. This is the main category sharpening stones used for processing knives;
• very fine (ultra, extra fine) or grinding abrasives. They are used for sharpening razors and fine surface finishing of knife blades.

By nature of origin abrasive stones are divided into natural or natural(corundum, slates) and artificial (ceramics, artificial diamond). In addition, rubber elements are sometimes used for fine processing. When using abrasives, their surface moistened with water or soap-water solution(water instrument) and oil(oil stones).

The shape of abrasives can be round (discs) or rectangular (bars). The bars are most often used, and they are selected so that length significantly exceeded the length of the knife blade.

To fully sharpen the tool, it is recommended to have 2 bars of medium and fine grain. It is better to complement the set with a very small stone. The best option It is considered the use of double-sided bars, in which one side has a medium grain, and the opposite has a fine grain.

Manual sharpening procedure

Any devices are intended to facilitate work and improve its quality, and the general order manual sharpening remains the same:

1. The process begins with a coarse or medium-grained bar, which is laid on a plane. It is advisable to ensure its fixation.
2. The knife blade is brought to the abrasive surface at an angle equal to half the sharpening angle. The main task is to ensure a constant angle throughout the event.
3. With a smooth movement with light pressure, the blade moves from the beginning to the end of the block in the direction “away from you.” The edge of the bar must always be perpendicular to the direction of movement of the blade. Do not allow the blade to break off at the end of the stone.
4. After reaching the edge of the bar, movement is carried out in the opposite direction, while the sharp edge must always be on the surface of the abrasive. Changing direction is achieved by turning the handle.
5. The process is repeated until back side the edge of the blade will not have a burr along its entire length. She should move to the opposite side when changing direction of movement.
6. Next, take a medium-grained block, but with smaller grains. Sharpening continues, but the movements are carried out initially only “from oneself” until the metal shines on one side, and then the second side is also processed.
7. A fine-grained block is taken and the blade is processed until a mirror surface appears.
8. If a small burr remains, sharpening is completed by using a very fine grit sanding block. Some experienced people prefer to use instead of such a block leather belt. It polishes the knife blade perfectly.

Homemade devices

Home craftsmen make sharpening devices various designs, but they all include 2 main elements - abrasive stone and knife fastening mechanism. A ready-made abrasive block is best suited for the device, but you can also make it yourself.

To do this, sandpaper of different grain sizes is glued to glass with a thickness of at least 4 mm. The connection can be ensured with double-sided tape.

Fixed device

One of the most simple devices done from 2 wooden blocks triangular shape . They are fastened together with thumbscrews. Between wooden elements The abrasive stone is clamped at the desired angle. This angle is set strictly according to the protractor.

When sharpening a knife on such a device, the blade must be constantly held strictly vertical. Naturally, ensuring such a direction is much easier than constantly guiding the knife at an angle.

Movable structure

To improve the quality of sharpening, it is necessary to fix not only the abrasive, but also the knife. You can also make such a device yourself. It is assembled on a flat, horizontal, massive surface. The device consists of 2 parts - rigidly fixed abrasive stone at the desired angle(similar to a fixed structure) and trolleys on wheels(on rollers) with a knife fixed horizontally.

The trolley moves manually along a guide rail. Provided by hand light pressure on the blade to the abrasive surface. This ensures the desired sharpening angle and eliminates the need to provide the desired direction manually.

Direction changes can be made in different ways. The simplest one is to make a cart with wheels at the top and bottom. When the bar ends, the cart simply turns over.

Dot machine

Sharpening machines have more complex design, which allows you to change the sharpening angle. Several options for a constructive solution can be given:

1. A knife is fixed on the platform with the possibility of adjustment. It is adjusted to the required angle and fixed permanently. Abrasive stone installed on a movable rod mounted on a vertical support. It moves strictly horizontally. Sharpening is achieved by moving the abrasive relative to the knife blade.
2. It is fixed on a fixed frame, but the block can be moved along the guide to set the desired sharpening angle. The knife is installed in a movable table and secured magnetic holder, which makes it possible to turn it over.

DIY example

As an example, we can cite the technology of self-production of a sharpening accessory - an analogue Lansky sharpeners. It has a standard design.

The knife is fixed on a horizontal base, and its fastening is ensured by magnet. The sanding element is located on a rod along which it can move perpendicular to the knife. The guide rod is installed in the holes of the vertical post.

These holes are drilled at an angle to the surface of the post and thus set a certain angle for the rod. Several holes are drilled vertically in the rack and by rearranging the guide you can also change the sharpening angle.

Manufacturing adaptations are carried out in the following order:

1. On the base plate (, board, metal sheet) from the edge slats are installed, limiting the displacement of the knife in the transverse direction. One of them is mounted in the slots with thumbscrews for fixing knives with different widths blades. In the center of the knife location area is fixed magnet.
2. The emery block is secured on two pieces of corner, which are fastened with pins. Holes are drilled on both sides of this part for installation on the rod.
3. Steel rod with a diameter of 10-15 mm is passed through the indicated holes, and is installed at the end limiter to prevent the block from falling. The other end is cut thread.
4. On an aluminum U-shaped profile 30-50 mm wide, 5-6 holes are drilled with a diameter 1-2 mm larger than the diameter of the rod. The holes are drilled at an angle corresponding to the sharpening angles, taking into account the height of the location on the rack.
5. The rod is installed V required hole And fixed bolts.

This device works as follows:

• the knife is fixed on the base and attracted by a magnet;
• a block of the required grain size is installed on the sharpening element;
• the rod is fixed in the desired hole on the stand;
• by hand, the block moves along the rod, processing the blade, and the movement is carried out “from oneself” and “towards oneself”;
• with the other hand, the knife gradually moves in the longitudinal direction.

See detailed drawings, descriptions and illustrations of a knife sharpener with and without a magnetic holder in the video below:

Scissor sharpener

With the help of knife tools you can also sharpen scissors, but such an undertaking has its own specifics. The sharpening angle is within (60-74)°. Tailor's scissors usually have an angle of (72-74)°. The cutting part at the point of contact of both parts is flat, and the bevel is made on one side. Main sharpening carried out from the outer, beveled side. Inner surface Only sanded with a fine stone.

The process is carried out in this order:

1. Disassembling scissors. To do this, you need to unscrew the screw holding the halves together and carefully separate them. A negative screwdriver is used.
2. Using coarse abrasive, it is carried out sharpening at the right angle. Movements are made only in one direction - “towards yourself”. Half of the scissors is held by the ring, and turning begins from the tip of the blade.
3. Using small block, is carried out fine-tuning.

Some scissors cannot be disassembled. They can also be sharpened, for which they open up as much as possible. The halves are sharpened one by one.

How to check the sharpness?

There are several popular methods for checking the quality of knife sharpening:

1. Paper. Take a sheet of paper (for example, for a printer) and cut off a strip at the edge. If the knife is well soaked, the strip is easily cut and has smooth edges. A dull knife crushes the edge and cuts unevenly, with tatters.
2. Tomato. A sharp knife cuts a tomato in half evenly, while a dull knife crushes it.
3. Hairs on the arm. A sharp blade works like a razor and cuts hairs, while a dull tool only crushes them.
4. Sharpness can be checked finger, remaining cautious. The presence of burrs indicates poor quality processing. Absolutely straight edges indicate high-quality work.

Knives tend to become dull, making them difficult to use. Sharpening devices and the machines will help solve the problem, ensuring correct sharpening of the blade, restoring the specified angle. There are many designs of simple knife blades, and the owner must decide which one to choose.