Description of the work performed when hanging a self-supporting fiber optic cable on overhead contact line supports. Suspension of optical cable on power transmission line supports. Fiber optic cable suspension between buildings Wok suspension
Moscow State University
Ways of communication (miit)
Department of Automation and Telemechanics
on railway transport."
By discipline:
"Fiber-optical transmission systems."
"Calculation mechanical strength fully
Dielectric self-supporting
Fiber – optical cable.»
Completed by: student of group TUS-361 Osipov S.E.
Volkova E.S.
Moscow – 2017
1. Description of the cable design A-D(T)2Y.
2. Description of the work performed when hanging a self-supporting fiber optic cable on overhead contact line supports.
3. Mechanical calculation of a self-supporting fiber optic cable.
3.1.Calculation of specific load from own strength cable gravity.
3.2.Calculation of the specific load from the effects of ice during icy conditions.
3.3.Calculation of the specific load due to the cable’s own gravity and the gravity of the ice.
3.4.Calculation of the specific load from wind pressure on the cable (in the absence of ice).
3.5. Calculation of the specific load from the influence of wind on a cable covered with ice.
3.6.Calculation of the specific load from the gravity of the cable, the ice covering it and the influence of wind.
4. Determination of the critical span length.
5.Calculation of boom sag.
Description of the design of the CORNING ADSS A-D(T)2Y cable.
The figure shows the design of the Corning ADSS A-D(T)2Y cable (dielectric self-supporting fiber optic cable)
1. Dielectric multi-fiber core tube (D)
2. Concentric element carrying tensile load (aramid) (2Y).
3. Polyethylene sheath (T)
TO special characteristics applies:
Installation without power outage;
Long span lengths;
Light weight;
Small outside diameter
Operating temperature from -40 to +40ºС
Description of the work performed when hanging a self-supporting fiber optic cable on overhead contact line supports.
Work on the suspension and installation of a fiber optic cable can only begin if there is a customer-approved detailed design for the construction of a fiber optic link, albums of typical components and parts, and permission from the power supply service railway for work in the area of the contact network and high-voltage automatic blocking line.
To develop the project, the customer transfers the initial data to the design organization as part of the task for designing a fiber-optic line.
Before the beginning installation work The following work must be performed to hang the FOC:
design documentation was studied;
a full-scale examination of the FOC suspension route and support structures was carried out;
the order and timing of replacement of supports, the timing of installation of new and additional supports have been established;
supports with insufficient bearing capacity and new and additional supports were installed in accordance with the design of the lines, as well as guy wires on the supports required by the project;
the anchor sections were clarified and the most rational sequence and direction of installation of the anchor sections were established;
If necessary, trees and bushes were cut down;
railcars, motor carriages, carriages for workers performing work on the suspension of fiber optic cables, mechanisms for loading and unloading cable products, equipment and places for welding work, installation of couplings;
supplies, materials, equipment, tools, radio stations and power supplies were prepared and checked;
the procedure and time for delivery of workers, equipment and tools to the place of work are determined;
the procedure for providing “windows” has been determined.
When hanging and installing a fiber optic cable, “windows” of at least 3 to 4 hours must be provided in accordance with the procedure approved by the head of the railway.
“Windows” for hanging and mounting the FOC should be provided, as a rule, during daylight hours. In areas where “windows” in the train schedule are provided for dark time days, the manager is obliged to ensure the place where work is carried out in accordance with established standards.
When pulling a fiber optic cable, the following work is performed:
pulling a dielectric cable leader;
FOC broach.
Work on stretching the fiber optic cable can be carried out “from the track” with the voltage removed and the stage taken, or if there are approaches to the track and electrical safety is ensured, “from the field” without voltage removal.
A leader cable is pulled along rollers pre-hung on the brackets. To do this, after engaging in the hauling complex and relieving tension, one cargo trailer with leader cable reels is installed at the beginning of the anchor section 25 - 30 m from the anchor support, and the second trailer, coupled with the railcar, begins to slowly move towards the first anchor support. Opposite the first anchor support, the railcar stops, the mounting cradle with two assemblers rises to the bracket with the roller. The leader cable is detached from the cradle, passed through the roller and reattached to the cradle. In this position, the railcar slowly moves to the next support. At the next support, the leader cable is again passed through the roller and the movement of the railcar resumes. In this way, the leader cable is stretched throughout the entire section. After passing the leader cable through the roller of the outermost anchor support, the railcar with the trailer with cable drums located in front of it moves a distance of 25 - 30 m beyond the last support and stops. While pulling the leader cable, the fitters operating the traction and braking device with reels slow down the coils, ensuring that the leader cable rolls out under tension.
In the extreme position, the leader cable is connected through a device that prevents the FOC from twisting, using a “stocking” cable clamp, to the FOC located in the drum on the cargo trailer. The railcar is uncoupled from the trailer with the cable drum and returns to the first trailer with the reels free from the cable leader. The motors of the traction module are turned on from the railcar using a hydraulic drive and the slow pulling of the fiber optic cable begins. In this case, the drum from which the fiber optic is rolled out is slowed down so that the required sag of the fiber optic in the spans is ensured.
Scope of work.
- pulling the dielectric leader cable;
- FOC broach;
- securing the FOC to the stands in its original position.
Techniques and equipment used.
Equipment for hanging FOC.
- Cable conveyor.
- Winch.
- Dynamometer.
- Unrolling rollers.
- Stocking.
- Swivel.
- Rope connectors.
- Leader cable.
You might be interested in: “How to determine the maximum possible span when hanging a cable”
Equipment for mounting couplings and making measurements.
- Optical reflectometer.
- Welding machine.
- Set of tools for cutting cables and installing couplings.
- Laptop.
Auxiliary equipment.
- Auto laboratory based on GAZ 66.
- Aerial platform (AGP or AP).
- Set of stairs.
- Measuring laboratory based on UAZ-469.
- The radios are portable.
- Optophones.
- Sequence diagram of the technological process of hanging a fiber optic fiber optic.
1 Cable suspension steps:
1 Place the bracket at the specified level and insert the ends of the clamps into the holes in the bracket. Place nuts on the threaded part of the clamps.
2 Tighten the nuts securing the bracket.
3 Adjust the horizontal mounting of the bracket.
4 Hang the rolling roller leash on it, secure the bottom of the leash on the stand.
5 Go to the next rack and install the next bracket in the same sequence.
6 Pulling the leader cable on the anchor section.
2 Scheme of the sequential technological process of pulling the leader cable.
1 Release the reel and unwind the leader cable to a length sufficient to connect the leader cable to the leash attached to the laying roller of the first post.
2 Connect the leader cable to the leash and pull it through the laying roller.
3 Braking the reel with a slight tension, stretch the leader cable to the next post.
4 Repeat the operations performed when pulling the leader cable of the first post, and pull the leader cable through the unrolling roller of the second post; while pulling the leader cable through the unrolling roller, the leader cable is held in a tense position. When pulling the leader cable, replace the coils as necessary.
5 Repeat the operations for all racks of the anchor section
6 After being pulled along the entire anchor section, the leader cable is secured to the outer posts in a tense state, ensuring its dimensions to the ground.
3 FOC suspension on stands:
1 Using a “stocking” cable clamp, the FOC is connected to the cable leader. During docking, it is necessary to ensure that the leader cable is in a taut state and that the dimensions are not violated; on the other side of the anchor section, the leader cable is connected to the traction machine (winch).
2 The fiber optic cable is pulled along all rollers at a speed of up to 30 m/min. Coordination of actions to release the drum brake and simultaneously turn on the traction machine is carried out via radio communication. At the same time, the passage of the cable along the rollers is monitored.
3 After pulling the FOC, the technological stock is unwound from its end at the drum.
4 At the end of the technological stock, a clamp is installed and the FOC is anchored to the stand. The technological stock, in accordance with the design, is wound into a coil and secured to the rack.
5 After anchoring, the fiber optic is tensioned to a force exceeding the table value by 10%, and is maintained in this state for 5-10 minutes. At the site of intermediate anchoring, a mark is applied, the cable is loosened, a supporting clamp is installed, then the FOC is tightened again, and the supporting clamp is anchored to the drain.
6 Technological process repeated at all anchoring points.
7 After installing the last anchor clamp, the traction machine is disconnected from the fiber optic cable, which is then wound into a coil and secured to the stand.
It should be noted that in Russian conditions, the requirements for fiber optic cables built into the ground wire differ in a number of features. These features lie primarily in the fact that climatic conditions require an operating temperature range from –60° C to +70° C. This means that the hydrophobic fillers of the modules and cable core must maintain their parameters within the specified range. In addition, the temperature coefficients of expansion of the cable and ground wire elements must be very close to each other.
A lightning protection wire, having one or two layers of ASC and containing an optical core, is mounted on top of the power line and has the dual function of a lightning wire and a communication cable. The process of building such fiber-optic lines is a complex technical task associated with the use of powerful tensioning mechanisms, and the speed of construction and the technology for replacing an existing cable with a fiber-optic cable depend to a very large extent on the profile of the power line, i.e., the terrain through which it passes. At normal conditions work crew lays up to 5 km of fiber-optic cable per day.
The main advantage of fiber-optic lines implemented using this technology is the high reliability of the communication line, which is due to powerful load-bearing elements of power lines designed for a service life of up to 50 years. It should be noted that during the implementation of the first projects for the construction of fiber-optic lines in lightning protection cables along power lines, OCs from foreign manufacturers were used. However, at present, domestic cable of the OPGT type produced by Saranskkabel Optics, Moskabel-Fujikura and other Russian manufacturers is increasingly being used.
The high reliability of fiber-optic lines implemented on the basis of a lightning protection cable is explained by the fact that bearing structures Power lines are designed for long term service (up to 50 years) and can withstand external destructive loads, up to hurricane loads. In addition, mechanical damage to the fiber-optic line, which is located at the height of a 10-story building in a very durable metal shell, is unlikely. This explains their construction in hard-to-reach regions, of which there are plenty in our country.
5.3. Suspension of a self-supporting fiber optic cable on a power line
This method of construction has found the most wide application on departmental networks, such as EZhD, Gazprom, Energosystem and other departments. This is due to the fact that the construction method itself is quite simple, and these companies are the owners various types supports
For the construction of fiber-optic lines by suspension on the supports of high-voltage power lines and railway transport, a dielectric self-supporting cable is used, provided that its load-bearing capacity is sufficient and the location of the cable itself does not interfere with normal maintenance the line on which it is suspended.
This construction method is used mainly where the spans are short. These are electric railway contact networks (Lrun. ≈ 70 m), distributed
power line distribution networks (Lrun – 50÷70 m), overhead line supports (Lrun – 50÷70 m). For the construction of trunk fiber-optic lines, where there are mainly large spans
you, cables with reinforced mechanical characteristics, the parameters of which must be determined by calculation based on data on the climatic characteristics of the region where the designed fiber-optic line will be located.
All work on hanging the OK on supports is carried out in accordance with the current rules, regulations and technical conditions laid down in the projects.
The method of hanging a fiber optic cable on a power line is associated with certain difficulties, primarily due to the fact that the power line is constantly energized. Therefore, when hanging a cable, it is necessary to obtain permission from the owners of power lines to carry out work, including disconnecting the voltage. In addition, personnel must be trained and have an appropriate electrical safety group. The most effective in this case is the joint work of communication construction organizations and energy representatives, along whose power transmission line supports the fiber optic cable is suspended.
Maintaining construction work suspension OK is carried out at a temperature not lower than –10 °C. Only in exceptional cases is it permissible to carry out work at temperatures below –10 °C, and all precautions must be observed.
During the construction of fiber-optic lines along power lines, both the latest design survey technologies are currently successfully used, which make it possible to examine the line in order to determine the possibility of hanging a fiber optic cable on them, select the cable suspension route and its design, and the latest technological equipment, which allows for construction and installation work to be completed on time and with high quality.
The design and construction of fiber-optic communication lines along power lines is regulated by the following documents.
1. “Rules for hanging and installing self-supporting fiber-optic cable on the supports of the contact network and high voltage lines automatic blocking" (approved by the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation on August 16, 1999 N TsE/TSIS-677). Note: Document text as of January 2011.
2. “Rules for the design, construction and operation of fiber-optic communication lines on overhead power lines
voltage 0.4–35 kV.” SO 153-34.48.519-2002.
Unrolling and hanging of the fiber optic cable on power lines is carried out under tension with preliminary pulling of the leader cable (rope) along the unrolling rollers. Before starting work on rolling out and hanging the FOC, it is necessary to install the necessary mechanisms - a brake and tensioning machine, a mobile installation laboratory, - LIOC, etc.
Rice. 5.5. Tensioning and braking machine for self-supporting fiber optic cable
On all the supports of the power line section where the cables are suspended, cable fastening units are mounted, and unrolling rollers are suspended nearby, along which the dielectric cable leader is pulled. The rollers must correspond to the OK diameter. To suspend a self-supporting OC, rollers of two sizes are widely used: small, with an outer diameter of 200 mm and an inner diameter of 138 mm, and large, with an outer diameter of 676 mm and an inner diameter of 604 mm.
Rice. 5.6. LIOC mobile laboratory
Unrolling rollers must have low coefficient friction, have a design that allows for easy installation. They must also provide reliable protection optical cable from jamming in the body of the roller and protection from braking of the roller in the event of contact with its fastening elements (Fig. 5.7).
Rice. 5.7. Installation of a self-supporting fiber optic cable
A special dielectric rope with high strength, low elongation coefficient and low torsion coefficient is used as a leader cable used to suspend the OK. The standard length of the cable leader is 1 or 0.5 km, which allows using special connectors to complete it in accordance with the construction lengths of the cable. In this case, the length of the leader cable should be one standard length exceed the construction length of the fiber optic cable.
The leader cable is unwound from the winch drum and passed through the grooves of each roller at each support. The leader cable is pulled to the brake machine, passed through it and connected through a swivel and cable stocking to the end of the fiber optic cable on the drum mounted on the lifting brake device.
Pulling the leader cable with the FOC attached to it is done with a winch by winding the leader cable onto the winch drum. In this case, during the process of pulling the cable, visual control is carried out over the sag and the absence of twisting of the fiber optic cable along the route.
The pulling speed is on average about 1.8 km/h. When approaching, while pulling the joint of the leader cable and the fiber optic cable to the unrolling roller, the pulling speed is reduced to a minimum. Rolling ends when the OK passes through the rolling roller on the end support to a distance equal to the height of the roller suspension, plus 15–20 m.
After rolling out on the support, approx. |
|
which the drum with OK is located, |
|
the cable is secured using |
|
tension clamp (Fig. 5.8). By way of |
|
cable tension is set to a certain |
|
project, the sag boom is OK in the sag |
|
tah, and the cable is attached to another grap- |
|
vertical support of the mounted area |
|
using a tension clamp. |
|
Rice. 5.8. Application |
The brake machine is adjustable |
tension clamp |
braking force to ensure |
constant force ensuring |
sag arrow. The OK sag should not go beyond a five percent tolerance, more or less than the design specification.
After securing the OK to the end supports, it is removed from the rollers and secured in supporting clamps.
Work on fixing the fiber optic cable in the design position is carried out no later than 48 hours after its rolling out. During this work the following is performed:
fastening the FOC to the supports with tension clamps;
transferring the FOC from the rollers to the supporting clamps;
laying and securing technological stocks of OK lengths on supports. Examples of OK fastening depending on the type of supports and design
fittings are shown in Fig. 5.9.
Rice. 5.9. Clamps for fastening FOC
The lowering of the OC from the overhead line supports is carried out in order to ensure the welding of optical fibers and optical measurements of the cable without lifting the welding and measuring technology. Descents are carried out with the same cable that is mounted on the overhead line. The descent cable is attached to the support body using special structures with clamps; the height of the coupling itself must be at least 5.0 m from the ground.
The installation of couplings is carried out similarly to the installation of fiber optic cables laid in the ground in specially equipped vehicles (Fig. 5.6). The mounted couplings and the technological reserve length of the FOC are placed in protective containers attached to the support body at a distance of at least 6 m from the ground level. When descending, a dielectric suspended fiber optic cable, introduced into the premises of a communication facility or a transition to an underground fiber optic cable, is inserted into a protective plastic (metal) pipe fixed to the body of the support with the ends of the pipe with the cable sealed using a heat-shrinkable tube.
Optical cables for suspension along power lines are manufactured by a number of Russian factories. CJSC “People's Firm Elektropovod” (Moscow) has extensive experience in the production of self-supporting fiber optic cables for suspension along power lines, one of the first in Russia to start producing fiber optic cables. Self-supporting dielectric cables manufactured by ZAO Samara Optical Cable Company (Samara) and Transvok (Borovsk, Kaluga Region) have proven themselves well.
Typical design A self-supporting FOC is a modular twisted core protected by aramid threads, which are used as reinforcing elements (Fig. 5.10). In this case, the OM is located inside tubes (modules) made of durable polybutylene terephthalate or polyamide, which are filled with a water-repellent gel. Various companies As a rule, they use 5- or 6-element twisting on a central element made in the form of a fiberglass rod. A polyethylene sheath such as HDPE or LDPE is placed on top of the twisted modules, depending on the required crush resistance. Aramid threads are applied to the intermediate shell, which are laid, as a rule, in two layers of opposite layers.
Rice. 5.10. Main types of self-supporting fiber optics:
a) cable with fiberglass bundles; b) cable with aramid threads
The durable outer shell protects the fiber optic cable from external influences.
Shell options are available with increased resistance to electrical breakdown and aggressive environments.
The first method is installation using a built-in self-supporting cable.
Here a galvanized steel cable is used, which is stretched on consoles attached to support posts with screws. The cable is attached to it using hangers, which are also made of stainless metal. With this installation method, accurate calculation is important: there are sag standards that affect the maximum installation height of the consoles. So, the lowest point of the cable sag should be no lower than 4.5 meters above the ground. Accordingly, the consoles must be strengthened so as to ensure not only compliance with this parameter, but also taking into account the gap for mounting hangers and the free movement of the cable along the loops of the mounting fittings.
Fig. No. 1. Equipment placement diagram for hanging an optical cable on an overhead power line
Work rules:
- The line on which the cable is suspended must be de-energized. Carrying out work while maintaining a connection to the public network is prohibited.
- Installation of fiber-optic couplings of any type is allowed while maintaining the network connection to the power supply.
- The installer must have a working radio with him when carrying out work.
- Lay out cable lines prohibited on land.
- The location of the rolling machines on the site should be no closer than three heights from the zero mark to the current position of the rolling roller.
- Cable rolling is carried out strictly in the air using a “cable leader”; the ends of the cable and cable are connected with a mounting stocking.
- To protect the cable leader and the mounted OK line from twisting, a swivel is used. Balancers must be used at intervals of 4 meters from each other.
- Used for different types of supports different types clamps (supporting on intermediate ones and tensioning on anchor-corner ones).
- To protect against external damage, installation of a protector is mandatory.
Installation of fiber optic lines between houses and buildings.
For these purposes, certain types of cable are used, the characteristics of which are given below.
Fig. No. 2. Photo of OK fastening when pulling between two houses
Characteristics and features of overhead cable lines
OPC is a high temperature resistant fiber optic cable. Can be used in the range from -60 to +70 degrees. Withstands tension up to 12 kN at a pressure of 0.5 kN/cm. Depending on the requirements of the installed communication line, the cable can include from 2 to 48 optical fibers. Aggregate internal cavity– hydrophobic gel to protect the core from getting wet. A cable of this type can be installed along overhead networks between buildings and existing power lines and supports, including contact networks of railway transport, funiculars, trams, etc., power lines. You can select a cable of this brand in the catalog.
OKPTS is a cable with a central tube, which can contain up to 24 fibers. The external type power element can be a fiberglass rod or steel rope or wire in plastic insulation. This type of cable can also be used at temperatures from -60 to +70 °C. Allowable tension is 4-9 kN. The scope of application and installation procedure do not differ from OPC.
Methods for suspending cables on overhead communication line supports
There are three methods for hanging cables:
- Installation inside a lightning protection cable.
- Winding onto phase and lightning protection wiring.
- Suspension of self-supporting OK on supports.
When installed on existing communication lines, including high-voltage power transmission towers and contact networks, the type of cable used must be resistant to electromagnetic fields of any origin. This means a lightning strike, power line surges, and natural turbulence. In addition, the conductor must comply with the permissible elongation (sagging) indicators, and installation must be carried out in compliance with the dimensions of the cable fastening intervals. A cable made of polyamide threads copes with this task. The strength of this carbon fiber is very high, which allows cable suspension to be carried out at large distances between supports.
Also, the optical cable can be mounted on a separate cable or other external element. If a dielectric wire is not used, it can be replaced by an optical cable built into the lightning protection cable.
With this choice, the conductor is a means of lightning protection and an information transmitter.
At installation of fiber-optic communication lines in tunnels, conductors must have a non-flammable sheath.
Inactive
CE
--------------
TsIS-677
APPROVED by Deputy Minister of Railways Russian Federation A.S. Misharin August 16, 1999
These rules contain requirements for the suspension and installation technology of self-supporting fiber-optic communication cables on contact network supports and supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines. The rules were developed by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport, CJSC Transtelecom Company with the participation of the Transelectroproekt and Giprotranssignalsvyaz institutes.
The main provisions for the maintenance of fiber optic cables on contact network supports and high-voltage auto-blocking lines are contained in the "Temporary instructions for the maintenance, repair and restoration of linear cable structures of fiber-optic communication lines of railway transport (FOCL ZhT)", RD 32 TsIS/TsE 09.54- 99.
The rules were issued taking into account the changes approved by the Ministry of Railways by Directive No. A-2897u dated December 28, 1999.
1. General Provisions
1. General Provisions
1.1. These Rules for the suspension and installation of self-supporting fiber-optic cables on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage auto-blocking lines (hereinafter referred to as these Rules) apply to self-supporting fiber-optic communication cables (hereinafter referred to as FOC), suspended on the supports of the contact network, high-voltage auto-blocking lines and free-standing supports and are intended for workers involved in the design, construction, installation, maintenance and repair of fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL).
The rules establish general requirements for the procedure for hanging fiber optic cables on the supports of overhead contact networks and high-voltage auto-blocking lines, for assessing the condition of the supports, and determine the basic provisions of the technology for safely performing installation work on hanging fiber optic cables. The rules also contain instructions for hanging fiber optic cables on bridges and tunnels.
In addition to the requirements of these Rules, when hanging a fiber optic cable, workers must be guided regulations Russian Ministry of Railways on the procedure for using railway infrastructure when creating telecommunications.
When designing and carrying out work on installation of a fiber optic cable, the requirements of the current instructions of the State Committee for Communications of Russia and the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) must also be taken into account.
1.2. Installation of the fiber optic cable must be carried out in accordance with the detailed design for the construction of fiber optic lines using brackets, clamps, fastening parts and other products that comply with the drawings and technical specifications approved in the prescribed manner.
1.3. Work on suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable should be mechanized as much as possible. To suspend it, you should use specialized technological complexes that provide control of the tension of the fiber optic cable. When replacing overhead contact line supports or installing additional supports, drilling rigs, foundation loading machines, railcar cranes or railway cranes should be used. To install automatic blocking supports, it is necessary to use drilling and crane rigs on a truck or track.
1.4. Fixed-type motor-rail vehicles (trolleys, motor locomotives and motor carriages) used in the construction of fiber-optic lines must meet the requirements of the Instructions for the operation and maintenance of railcars, motor-rail vehicles and motor-rail vehicles (fixed-type motor-rail vehicles) on railways, approved by the Ministry of Railways of the USSR on April 10, 1990. , N TsRB-4785. Crane installations must comply with the requirements of the Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes (machines), approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 4, 1994, N TsRB-278.
Other mechanisms and devices used must be in good working order and have the parameters established by the passports for these mechanisms and devices.
1.5. Work on the suspension and installation of fiber optic cables on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage automatic blocking lines, in tunnels and on bridges must be carried out by specialized organizations licensed to carry out this type of work.
Work managers and workers carrying out suspension and installation of fiber optic cables must have a certificate for passing exams according to the Rules for the Technical Operation of Railways of the Russian Federation *, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on April 26, 1993, N TsRB-162, Signaling Instructions on Railways of the Russian Federation, approved Ministry of Railways of Russia 04/26/93 N TsRB-176, Instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia 02.10.93 N TsD-206, Electrical safety rules for railway transport workers on electrified railways, approved Ministry of Railways of Russia 09.22.95 N TsE-346, according to the technology of practical work contained in these Rules.
________________
Rules for the technical operation of railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on May 26, 2000 N TsRB-756. - Database manufacturer's note.
Unified management of the work on suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable, including compliance with train traffic safety requirements, must be carried out by a person appointed by the head of the railway department (in the absence of a department by the head of the railway) when issuing a permit for the work.
Work managers and workers performing the suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable must follow all instructions regarding the electrical safety of the representative of the power supply distance.
1.6. Knowledge and compliance with these Rules is mandatory for all workers involved in the design, installation and maintenance of the fiber optic cable, as well as for all workers servicing the contact network and high-voltage automatic blocking lines on the supports of which the fiber optic cable is mounted.
2. Basic requirements for the suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage automatic blocking lines
2.1. The suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and automatic blocking lines must be carried out taking into account the requirements of the Rules for the design and technical operation of the contact network of electrified railways, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on June 25, 1993, N TsE-197.
A fiber optic cable suspended from the contact network supports should not reduce the reliability of the power supply to the rolling stock and not interfere with the normal maintenance of the contact network.
A FOC suspended from the supports of high-voltage auto-blocking lines should not worsen the power supply conditions for signaling devices and other non-traction consumers of electricity.
2.2. The suspension of the fiber optic cable can be carried out on the operating metal or reinforced concrete supports of the contact network, provided that the load-bearing capacity of these supports is sufficient to absorb all the existing and additional loads from the suspended fiber optic cable, and the location of the fiber optic cable on the supports makes it possible to carry out work on it in the presence of tension in the contact suspension.
Detailed designs should not include suspension of the fiber optic cable on supports with insufficient load-bearing capacity. FOC suspension schemes are also not allowed, the use of which requires relieving tension from the overhead contact suspension when performing maintenance of the FOC.
If it is impossible to fulfill the specified conditions, the suspension of the FOC must be carried out on auto-blocking supports.
Cable suspension on automatic blocking supports should also be provided on non-electrified railway lines.
2.3. The suspension of the fiber optic cable on the contact network supports should be carried out from the field side. In exceptional cases, if it is impossible to hang a fiber optic cable from the field side due to insufficient dimensions of the suspension, or cramped conditions, it is allowed, in agreement with the railway power supply service, to hang the fiber optic cable from inside supports (from the track side).
The distances from the lowest point of the fiber optic cable at maximum sag to the surface of the earth or other structures, as well as the distance to other wires when they intersect or approach each other, as well as to parts of the contact network that are energized, must be no less than those given in Table 1.
Table 1
Minimum permissible distances of fiber optic cables from wires and structures
|
Name of the object of intersection or approach |
Minimum distance, m |
|
To the surface of the earth: |
|
|
in populated areas |
|
|
in uninhabited areas and up to the rail head within artificial structures |
|
|
in hard to reach places |
|
|
to inaccessible mountain slopes, rocks, cliffs |
|
|
to the rail head of non-electrified sections of the track |
|
|
to the support cable and contact wire |
|
|
Up to parts under voltage 6-25 kV: |
|
|
on a support |
|
|
in flight |
|
|
At voltage 3 kV: |
|
|
on a support |
|
|
in flight |
|
|
Before the waveguide |
|
|
For wires with voltage up to 1 kV: |
|
|
on a support |
|
|
in flight |
|
|
To the surface of passenger platforms |
|
|
Up to the roof of fireproof buildings and structures |
|
|
To the nearest parts of buildings (horizontally) |
|
|
To blank walls and treetops |
|
|
To the road surface at crossings |
|
|
To the lower parts of overpasses and pedestrian bridges when suspending cables under bridges |
Note: in exceptional cases, in agreement with the railway power supply service, it is allowed to reduce the distance from the fiber optic cable to the supporting cable to 1 m.
The distances given in Table 1 are established as the maximum possible proximity of the fiber optic cable to wires and structures under the most unfavorable effects of loads on both the cable and the wires.
It is permissible to hang a fiber optic cable above wires with voltages up to 1 kV, provided that the wires and cables do not overlap, mutual impacts and mechanical friction between them are prevented.
When hanging a fiber optic cable on supports on which equipment is placed (disconnectors, arresters, etc.), the distance from above this equipment to the cable must be at least 3 m.
It is not allowed to hang the fiber optic cable on supports with two sectional disconnectors. For suspension, additional supports must be installed in these places. Additional installed supports must be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the supports on which these disconnectors are installed.
2.4. On auto-locking supports, the suspension of the fiber optic should be carried out primarily below high voltage wires. In this case, the distances from the bottom of the fiber optic cable to the ground and at intersections must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the PTE, but not less than:
in uninhabited areas - 5 m;
in populated areas - 6 m;
at intersections with railway tracks - 7.5 m from the bottom point of the cable to the rail head.
It is permissible to hang a fiber-optic cable between the wires of the auto-blocking line if the mutual proximity of the fiber-optic cable and the wires under the most unfavorable temperature conditions and loads is at least 0.3 m.
It is not allowed to hang the FOC on auto-blocking supports on which disconnectors, transformers and other equipment are placed. To suspend the FOC in these places, additionally installed supports must be used. Newly installed supports must ensure a distance from the closest wire to the fiber optic cable of at least 1 m and must be offset along the route at a distance of at least 2 m.
2.5. On double- and multi-track electrified sections, the FOC suspension route must be selected on the field side, taking into account the side-by-side location of communication nodes, the requirements for minimal replacement of existing ones and the installation of new additional supports, as well as the implementation of a minimum number of transitions from one side of the track to the other.
If it is necessary to make FOC transitions from one side of the track to the other, such transitions must be made either underground method using a cable duct made of non-metallic pipes, or by air with a FOC suspension on additional installed supports. The type of material of the cable channel pipe, its diameter and the conditions for laying pipes in the ground are determined by the project, taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory documents. It is not allowed to lay a fiber optic cable in the ballast prism of the subgrade.
The height of additionally installed supports must ensure the required minimum distances specified in Table 1 from the fiber optic cable to the supporting cable.
Underground and overhead crossings of the FOC on additional supports must be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the foundation of the nearest contact network support, the angle of intersection of these crossings with the axis of the electrified permanent and alternating current should be close to 90°.
FOC transitions from one side of the track to the other when using existing structures should be carried out primarily along the crossbars of rigid crossbars. In exceptional cases, in agreement with the railway power supply service, FOC transitions along flexible crossbars with cable suspension only on the supports of these crossbars are allowed. If it is impossible to cross a fiber optic cable along a flexible or rigid cross member, with the permission of the railway power supply service, crossing the fiber optic cable of electrified tracks at an angle is allowed. In this case, the intersection must be located in one span, and the intersection angle must be at least 40°.
It is not allowed to carry out airborne passages of the fiber optic cable at the junction points of the anchor sections of the contact network.
2.6. On bridges, the FOC should be suspended from outside spans at a height not less than specified in Table 1 of these Rules. It is also possible to lay the FOC in special boxes. In this case, the safety and protection of the FOC from damage must be ensured.
On spans to be replaced (defective, old years of construction), suspension schemes must be used that do not interfere with the work of replacing spans.
2.7. In tunnels, the suspension of the fiber optic cable is carried out along the tunnel lining. The cable must be attached only to the lining, and the fastening points must correspond to standard design solutions. When choosing a method for suspending a fiber optic cable, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of subsequent reconstruction of the tunnel lining.
When hanging a fiber optic cable in tunnels, the requirements of GOST 9238 “Approach dimensions of buildings and rolling stock of 1520 (1524) mm gauge railways” must be observed. If it is impossible to ensure compliance with the dimensional requirements, it is allowed to lay the FOC in special tubes made of fireproof material.
In tunnels subject to reconstruction, the suspension of the fiber optic cable must be carried out taking into account the possibility of its dismantling during the work. In special cases, when conditions are unfavorable for laying a fiber optic cable, with an appropriate feasibility study, with the permission of the head of the railway, it is allowed to hang the fiber optic cable on supports bypassing the tunnel.
2.8. The suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network must be carried out on brackets. The minimum size of the bracket overhang must be taken from the condition of ensuring the minimum permissible distances of the fiber optic cable to live parts of the contact network in accordance with clause 2.3 of these Rules, not exceeding the permissible wind proximity of the fiber optic cable and rolling stock in spans, as well as preventing impacts of the supporting clamps on the support when wind
The location of the brackets on the supports is determined by the design. It is not permitted to install brackets in the area between the rod and the fifth console on the track side.
Brackets on supports along the route must be installed, as a rule, at the same height from the rail head. If necessary, it is possible to install brackets at different heights. In this case, the difference in installation heights of the brackets should be limited primarily to the value at which the angle of rotation of the FOC in vertical plane does not exceed permissible values.
In the case when the difference in height of installation of the brackets exceeds the value at which the angle of rotation of the fiber optic in the vertical plane exceeds permissible value, it is necessary to provide a device on the supports for intermediate anchoring to raise or lower the fiber optic cable to a new height.
The use of “L”-shaped brackets attached to the top of the support, as well as various racks on the crossbars of rigid crossbars, is not permitted for hanging the FOC. The suspension of the FOC on the supports of flexible crossbars and the crossbars of rigid crossbars should be carried out on external brackets.
Suspension of the fiber optic cable to the transverse load-bearing cables of flexible cross members is not allowed.
2.9. The brackets must be fastened to reinforced concrete supports using clamps. When hanging a fiber optic cable with a dielectric core and the absence of wires above it with voltages above 0.4 kV, the brackets are not grounded.
When hanging a fiber optic cable with a metal core or with metal armor, as well as if there are wires with voltages above 0.4 kV above the cable, all brackets must be connected to a protective grounding circuit. When grounding them, between the clamps of the brackets and the reinforced concrete supports in the DC sections, insulating spacers must be laid.
Grounding is not required: parts for fastening the fiber optic cable to the lining in tunnels, brackets on bridges and on metal supports of the contact network, parts for anchoring, support and tension clamps, casings and parts for fastening couplings.
Fastening of brackets to metal supports must be done using hook bolts or special parts, and the bracket must be attached to both corners of the vertical support chords, located along one edge of the support parallel to the bracket. The design of the bracket and its fastening must prevent rotation of the FOC bracket in the horizontal and vertical planes.
On auto-blocking supports, suspension of the FOC should be carried out primarily on brackets. When hanging the FOC between the wires, it is allowed to use clamps.
On bridges, fastening of brackets should only be carried out using bolts through holes drilled in the elements of bridge structures.
Suspension of several self-supporting fiber optics on the same supports should be carried out on a common bracket. It is not permitted to place wires, insulators or other devices on the FOC brackets.
2.10. Anchoring of the fiber optic should be carried out mainly on intermediate cantilever supports, supports of flexible and rigid crossbars. In this case, a calculation assessment of the stability of supports in the ground must be made and the need to install guy wires on them must be determined.
If there is insufficient stability in the ground of the supports on which the fiber optic cable is anchored, standard anchor guy wires for the anchor supports of the overhead contact network must be installed on them.
It is not allowed to anchor the fiber optic cable on the transition and anchor supports of the overhead contact network.
The anchorage locations for the fiber optic cables are determined by the design. Anchoring is required at the ends of the construction length of the fiber optic cable, in the places where it passes from one side of the track to the other, in the places where it enters the service premises, in places where the height of the suspension changes and the direction of the fiber cable changes at an angle exceeding the permissible value of the angle of rotation for the accepted cable brand. It is mandatory to anchor the fiber optic cable on the tunnel portals at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, as well as at the locations of connecting and branch couplings and technological stock of the fiber cable.
The maximum distance between anchors should not exceed the construction length of the fiber optic cable, as well as the distances established by the fiber cable manufacturer.
2.11. It is not recommended to anchor the fiber optic on supports with a load-bearing capacity of less than 45 kNm, as well as anchoring with a technological reserve on supports installed with a dimension of less than 3.1 m.
In areas located in IV-V wind regions, as well as in areas with narrowed non-standard roadbed It is necessary in projects to provide for the installation of a minimum number of fiber optic cable anchors on overhead contact network supports. If possible, place anchorages in places protected from the wind, as well as in places with a normal width of the subgrade (in recesses, on horizontal platforms).
In high areas, the number of VOK anchors must be assigned taking into account the wind resistance requirements of the overhead contact network.
2.12. Anchoring of the FOC should be done using clamps on reinforced concrete supports and using anchor parts on metal supports.
The FOC should be grasped during anchoring using tension spiral clamps. The latter must be manufactured and tested in accordance with the current technical specifications for these parts.
All metal structures used for hanging the FOC (brackets, clamps, guys, clamps, etc.) must have an anti-corrosion coating or be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
The anti-corrosion coating should preferably be carried out by hot-dip galvanizing. In this case, the coating thickness should be 60-70 microns. It is allowed to protect metal structures with durable paint or metal coatings in accordance with the requirements of current standards and building codes.
3. Loads from fiber optics on supports and assessment of their load-bearing capacity
3.1. When checking the bearing capacity of supports to determine the possibility of hanging a fiber optic cable, the following additional loads must be taken into account:
wind pressure on the fiber optic;
mass of ice on the FOC and brackets;
tension force of the anchored fiber optic fiber;
force from changing the direction of tension of the fiber optic cable on curved sections of the track.
3.2. Loads on the supports of the contact network and automatic blocking from wind pressure on the fiber optic cable and ice on it should be determined with repeatability once every 10 years in accordance with the instructions of the Standards for the design of the contact network, approved by the Ministry of Transport N VSN-141-90 * and put into effect from 1.07. 91, as for wires and cables. At the same time, together with acting loads their most unfavorable combination is determined, in which the greatest bending moment occurs in the supports.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. Valid STN TsE 141-99 Catenary network design standards
3.3. The forces from the anchored fiber optic on the supports must be taken into account in the calculations depending on the location of the anchor clamps:
when anchoring a fiber optic on a support on one side, the force transmitted to the support from the anchored fiber optic is taken into account;
when anchoring with both anchor clamps located at the same level from the ground surface and in the same plane, the force transmitted to the support from one anchor clamp is taken into account;
when anchoring with anchor clamps located in different levels, but in one plane, the force transmitted to the support from the anchor clamp located at a higher elevation is taken into account;
with intermediate anchoring with the location of anchor clamps in perpendicular planes (at places of transition from one path to another), the forces transmitted to the support from each anchor clamp are taken into account.
When hanging and anchoring several fiber optics on supports, the forces from each fiber optic cable are taken into account in accordance with the given recommendations.
3.4. Loads on supports from tension and changes in direction of the fiber optic must be determined depending on the accepted maximum tension of the fiber optic, wind and ice loads acting on it, and calculated maximum and minimum temperatures. Design temperatures should be determined in accordance with SNiP-2.01.01-82 *. The accepted maximum tension of the fiber optic is determined based on the requirements for ensuring the stability of the optical properties of the fiber optic, obtaining standard values for its sag and is established by the project for each brand of fiber optic.
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. SNiP 01/23/99 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.
The tension value of the fiber optic cable during installation should be determined from the installation tables attached to the working documentation for the construction of fiber optic lines.
The deviation of the actual tensions and sag of the FOC from that established by the installation tables at any ambient temperature in any span should not exceed 10%.
3.5. Based on calculations of loads on supports and their combinations at the design stage, the largest bending moment in supports at the level of the conditional cut of the foundations is determined.
For supports located in small radius curves, calculations of the forces arising in the supports should be carried out in emergency mode, when one of the supports falls.
3.6. The obtained values of the maximum bending moment at the level of the conventional edge of the foundation of the piers must be compared with the actual bearing capacity of the supports.
The actual load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete supports should be determined based on the diagnosis of the supports, in accordance with the Instructions for Maintenance and Repair supporting structures contact network approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on January 14, 1996, N K-146-96 and is carried out by railway power supply distances.
3.7. Based on the diagnostic results, everything reinforced concrete supports should be divided into three groups:
supports whose load-bearing capacity is not lower than the values established by the project or standard for these supports;
supports that have an acceptable reduction in load-bearing capacity compared to its design values;
supports that have completely exhausted their safety margin.
FOC suspension is allowed on supports of the first group if the bending moment from the total loads does not exceed the standard moment for these supports.
FOC suspension is allowed on supports of the second group if the reduction in the bearing capacity of the supports does not exceed 10%, while the calculated value of the bending moment from the total load must be lower than the actual bearing capacity of the supports by at least 10%.
If the load-bearing capacity of the supports of this group is significantly reduced, suspension of the fiber optic cable is not allowed.
It is prohibited to hang the FOC on supports of the third group that are subject to replacement.
3.8. It is allowed to assess the condition of supports by the type and size of defects in accordance with the Instructions for the maintenance and repair of supporting structures of overhead contact networks.
It is allowed to hang the FOC on supports without defects. At the same time, for the marked supports, when their service life is more than 20 years, a reduction in bearing capacity against the design value by 10% must be taken into account.
FOC suspension is not allowed on defective and severely defective supports.
In direct current sections, it is not allowed to hang the FOC on old-type reinforced concrete (I-beam) supports that are subject to replacement, as well as on reinforced concrete supports whose load-bearing capacity is 45 kNm or less.
In alternating current sections, in agreement with the railway power supply service, it is allowed to suspend the fiber optic cable on I-beams and other old-type reinforced concrete supports until they are replaced. At the same time, the bearing capacity of such supports must be sufficient to withstand existing and additional loads and be not lower than 45 kNm.
3.9. The load-bearing capacity of metal supports should be assessed on the basis of a verification calculation, taking into account the actual corrosive wear of the main elements. In this case, the values of the cross-sectional area of the elements determined from the measurement data of the residual thickness of these elements must be entered into the calculation.
The condition of anchor bolts is determined by diagnostic tools or by excavating foundations, exposing the bolts in the most dangerous area and determining their residual diameter.
3.10. The load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete supports of automatic blocking can be assessed using the same method as that of overhead contact network supports using diagnostic tools, or by the size of defects. For these supports, when calculating the load-bearing capacity, additional wind and ice loads that arise after hanging the fiber optic on them must be taken into account.
Anchor and corner supports must be checked for stability in the ground from the action of additional tension force and from changes in the direction of tension of the fiber optic.
If the bearing capacity of the supports in terms of stability in the ground is insufficient, it is necessary to provide for the installation of guy wires. The type of guy is indicated in the working documentation of the project.
3.11. The condition of rigid cross members should be assessed based on visual inspections and measurements of the degree of corrosive wear of structural elements. Suspension of the fiber optic fiber optic on rigid cross members is allowed if the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the chords and lattice elements due to corrosive wear does not exceed 20%. With a greater reduction in cross-sections, the rigid cross member must be replaced or strengthened.
3.12. Calculation of brackets must be carried out similarly to the calculation of brackets for wires for loads arising from the effects of wind and ice on the fiber optic cable, as well as changes in its direction. In addition, the installation load from the mass of the fitter with the tool must be taken into account, taken equal to 100 kg.
4. Organization and technology of work on suspension and installation of fiber optic cables
4.1. Requirements for design documentation for carrying out work on suspension and installation of fiber optic cables
4.1.1. Work on the suspension and installation of a fiber optic cable can only begin if there is a customer-approved detailed design for the construction of a fiber optic link, albums of typical components and parts, and permission from the railway power supply service to carry out work in the area of the contact network and the high-voltage automatic blocking line.
To develop the project, the customer transfers the initial data to the design organization as part of the task for designing a fiber-optic line. The list of initial data provides information about the brands and physical and mechanical parameters of the fiber optic cable intended for suspension, including:
weight of 1 km FOC, kg;
construction length of the FOC, km;
linear expansion coefficient, 1/C;
outer diameter, mm;
modulus of elasticity, MPa;
cross-sectional area of the load-bearing element of the fiber optic, cm;
permissible tension of the fiber optic cable, kN;
tensile strength of the fiber optic, kN;
permissible bending radius, cm;
permissible angle of rotation, degrees;
other indicators as required by the design organization.
The composition and scope of the detailed design for the construction of a fiber-optic line must comply with the design assignment for fiber-optic communication lines approved in the established manner, as well as the requirements of regulatory documents (SNiP 11-01-95).
4.1.2. The working design for the construction of a fiber-optic line must contain:
an explanatory note describing the conditions for laying the fiber optic cable, the brands of the fiber cable used and the mechanical parameters of their tension;
working drawings for FOC suspension;
links to an album of typical components and parts;
application specification for basic materials, parts, fiber optics, products, mechanisms;
calculation of the cost of laying a fiber optic cable (estimate).
4.1.3. Working drawings for the suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and automatic blocking must contain:
FOC route plan in all directions, including stages and stations, as well as areas for laying FOC through service and technical premises to the cross-country rack (cabinet);
numbers, types, brands and dimensions of contact network supports and automatic blocking;
numbers of replaced supports, as well as numbers of additionally installed supports, their size and brand;
suspension height of the FOC and type of bracket, as well as component codes according to albums of typical components and parts;
numbers of supports on which the fiber optic cable is anchored, as well as numbers of supports on which the technological reserve of the fiber optic cable is left;
diagrams for entering the fiber optic cable into service buildings, moving it from one side of the track to the other;
FOC suspension diagrams on bridges;
FOC suspension diagrams inside the tunnel;
route for underground laying of fiber optic cables;
places of intersection with highways indicating the dimensions of the fiber optic cable;
places of intersections with pedestrian and automobile bridges, indicating the height of the suspension of the fiber optic cable under the structures;
diagrams for suspending the technological stock of the FOC and fastening the mounted couplings;
other information necessary for hanging the FOC.
4.1.4. For each section of the fiber-optic line being constructed, the organization carrying out work on the suspension of the fiber optic cable must develop a work project (WPP), which is agreed upon with the power supply services of the railway, information and communications of the railway in relation to ensuring the safety of work, the safety of train traffic, sustainable power supply and the provision, if necessary, "windows".
4.1.5. Work projects must contain:
calendar dates for the construction of the line, linked to the schedule of preparatory work (replacement of supports with insufficient load-bearing capacity, installation of new and additional supports, installation of brackets, etc.);
technological maps for the installation of brackets and suspension of the fiber optic cable, taking into account the need to generate the full capacity of the cable drum in one continuous technological cycle;
calculation of the need for “windows” with voltage relief in the contact network;
schedule for receipt of FQA and main parts;
statement of requirements for basic machines and mechanisms;
statement of labor requirements;
safety measures;
measures to ensure the quality of work.
4.2. Preparatory work before hanging the FOC
4.2.1. Before starting installation work on the FOC suspension, the following work must be completed:
design documentation was studied;
a full-scale examination of the FOC suspension route and support structures was carried out;
the order and timing of replacement of supports, the timing of installation of new and additional supports have been established;
supports with insufficient load-bearing capacity were replaced and new and additional supports were installed in accordance with the design of the lines, as well as the guy wires required by the project on the supports;
the anchor sections were clarified and the most rational sequence and direction of installation of the anchor sections were established;
If necessary, trees and bushes were cut down;
railcars, motor carriages, carriages for workers performing work on the suspension of fiber optic cables, mechanisms for loading and unloading cable products, equipment and space for welding work and installation of couplings have been prepared;
supplies, materials, equipment, tools, radio stations and power supplies were prepared and checked;
the procedure and time for delivery of workers, equipment and tools to the place of work are determined;
the procedure for providing “windows” has been determined.
When hanging and installing a fiber optic cable, “windows” of at least 3-4 hours must be provided in accordance with the procedure approved by the head of the railway.
“Windows” for hanging and mounting the FOC should be provided, as a rule, during daylight hours. In areas where “windows” in the train schedule are provided for at night, the manager is obliged to ensure the place where work is carried out in accordance with established standards.
The closure of a section for work on a single-track section, and on a two- or multi-track section of one or more tracks, is carried out with the permission of the head of the railway department in agreement with the head of the transportation service (in the absence of a department - the head of the railway), if it does not cause a change in the established traffic volumes with neighboring railways. If such a closure causes a change in the volume of traffic on neighboring railways, it may be authorized by the head of the railway in agreement with the Transportation Management Department of the Russian Ministry of Railways.
The head of the railway department (in the absence of a department - the deputy head of the railway) notifies the relevant work managers no later than 24 hours in advance about the upcoming closure of a section on a single-track section, on a double- and multi-track section of one or more tracks.
The permission of the head of the railway department (in the absence of a department - the head of the railway) to carry out work on the suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable with the closure of the section must indicate the time for which the closure of the section or a separate track has been agreed upon, and the name of the person supervising these works. The train dispatcher is obliged to communicate the name and position of the work manager to the duty officers at the railway stations limiting the stretch.
If the appropriate permission is available, the closure and opening of a section (track) before the start of work and after its completion are formalized by order of the train dispatcher.
Cancellation of the provided “window” for carrying out work on the suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable and a reduction in its duration can be allowed only in exceptional cases and by the person by whose order the “window” was authorized. Notification of this to the work manager must be given no later than 12 hours before the start of the “window”.
During the period of work on suspension and installation of the fiber optic cable, for the implementation of which “windows” are provided in the schedule, constant radio communication (or telephone communication) must be established between the work manager and the train dispatcher.
The closure of a stage, the procedure for occupying it with a work train, the procedure for departure from a stage must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on October 2, 1993, N TsD-206.
4.2.2. During the preparatory period the following must also be completed:
pre-installation inspection of the fiber optic cable in accordance with the methods and requirements of regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner for the adopted brand of fiber optic cable;
incoming quality control of brackets, parts for attaching the fiber optic cable to the brackets and supports. Incoming quality control of marked parts is carried out in accordance with the requirements technical specifications And project documentation on these details;
brackets, clamps and parts for anchoring the FOC on the supports are installed and secured in the design position. Deviation of the distance of installed elements from live parts towards closer proximity is not allowed. In the direction of increasing this distance - +20 cm;
laying and unrolling rollers are suspended on brackets for pulling the cable leader and fiber optic cable.
Installation of brackets should be carried out on a wide front in the shortest possible time in accordance with technological maps.
Installation of brackets by personnel at work power supply distances should be carried out in accordance with the technological maps given in Appendix A to these Rules.
4.2.3. Upon completion of all preparatory work and, first of all, work on replacing and installing new supports of the contact network or automatic blocking, clearing the route from trees that interfere with the suspension of the fiber optic cable, the performing organization, the customer, together with representatives of the railway power supply service, draws up a report on the readiness of the site for hanging the fiber optic cable.
It is allowed to prepare and accept the route for hanging the fiber optic cable using anchor sections.
4.3. Work on pulling fiber optic cables along overhead contact line supports and the technology for their implementation
4.3.1. When pulling a fiber optic cable, the following work is performed:
pulling a dielectric cable leader;
FOC broach.
Work on stretching the fiber optic cable can be carried out “from the track” with the voltage removed and the stage taken, or if there are approaches to the track and electrical safety is ensured, “from the field” without voltage removal.
4.3.2. When working “out of the way” with stress relief, it is necessary to use high-performance specialized machine complexes. The latter should include:
AGD type motor carriage, for towing cargo trailers, powering traction and braking modules and equipped with an AGP type hydraulic lift for working at heights;
two cargo trailers equipped with traction and braking modules with rotating devices for installing drums with woks and reels with a cable leader.
Traction and braking modules must have devices for regulating the tension force of the fiber optic cable and automatically turning it off when the tension force exceeds the maximum tension value established for a given brand of fiber optic cable.
4.3.3. When working from the field, it is necessary to use a complex special mechanisms. This complex should include:
winch with adjustable tension force for pulling the leader cable and fiber optic cable under tension;
lifting and braking device for lifting and adjusting the height of the cable drum;
a device for installing and braking reels with a cable leader.
To deliver the listed mechanisms to the place of work, cars, railcars, and tractors can be used.
When placed on platforms towed by railcars, a set of special mechanisms can also be used when working “from the track.”
4.3.4. When using a specialized set of machines or a specialized set of mechanisms on platforms (hereinafter referred to as a set of machines) to work “from the track,” the suspension of the fiber optic is carried out in the following sequence.
A leader cable is pulled along rollers pre-hung on the brackets. To do this, after engaging in the hauling complex and relieving tension, one cargo trailer with leader cable reels is installed at the beginning of the anchor section 25-30 m from the anchor support, and the second trailer, coupled with the railcar, begins to slowly move towards the first anchor support. Opposite the first anchor support, the railcar stops, the mounting cradle with two assemblers rises to the bracket with the roller. The leader cable is detached from the cradle, passed through the roller and reattached to the cradle. In this position, the railcar slowly moves to the next support. At the next support, the leader cable is again passed through the roller and the movement of the railcar resumes. Thus, the leader cable is stretched throughout the entire section. After passing the leader cable through the roller of the outermost anchor support, the railcar, with a trailer with cable drums located in front of it, moves a distance of 25-30 m beyond the last support and stops. While pulling the leader cable, the fitters operating the traction and braking device with reels slow down the coils, ensuring that the leader cable rolls out under tension.
In the extreme position, the leader cable is connected through a device that prevents the FOC from twisting, using a “stocking” cable clamp, to the FOC located in the drum on the cargo trailer. The railcar is uncoupled from the trailer with the cable drum and returns to the first trailer with the reels free from the cable leader. The motors of the traction module are turned on from the railcar using a hydraulic drive and the slow pulling of the fiber optic cable begins. In this case, the drum from which the fiber optic is rolled out is slowed down so that the required sag of the fiber optic in the spans is ensured.
4.3.5. When working “from the field” using a set of mechanisms, horizontal platforms are selected from the side of the track behind the clearance of the contact network supports at the beginning and end of the anchor section at a distance of 25-30 m from the outermost anchor supports. One of them houses a device for installing and braking reels with a leader cable. At the opposite end of the anchor section, a traction winch is installed on the selected site for pulling the fiber optic cable.
After installing the device for reels and testing the brakes, a section of the leader cable about 50 m long is unwound from the first installed reel and its free end is passed through the mounting laying roller of the anchor support. Then the leader cable is manually pulled to the next support and, after passing this support for 15-20 m, the reel is braked, and the end of the leader cable is passed through the unrolling roller of this support. Climbing to the support is carried out using a ladder or from the installation site when the tension is relieved. Next, the reel with the leader cable is released and the leader cable is pulled to the next support. On the next supports, the operations of passing the leader cable through the unrolling rollers are repeated until the leader cable is stretched across the entire anchor section.
When there is a break in work after pulling the leader cable along the entire anchor section, its ends must be secured to the outer supports. The attachment points must be inaccessible to unauthorized persons, and the attachment method must prevent spontaneous weakening and sagging of the cable leader.
To pull the fiber optic cable, a lifting and braking device with a cable drum is installed at the site where the device for reels with a cable leader was located. To avoid spontaneous movement, the lifting and braking device is fixed on the site using anchors driven into the ground. The brakes of this device are tested, the leader cable is connected to the FOC using a cable clamp “stocking” through a device that prevents twisting of the FOC. At the opposite end of the anchor section, the leader cable is fixed in a reel mounted on the traction winch. Then the winch is turned on and the fiber optic cable is pulled along the anchor section. To prevent the FOC from touching the ground or foreign objects while pulling the FOC, the drum is braked.
[email protected]
If the payment procedure on the payment system website has not been completed, monetary
funds will NOT be debited from your account and we will not receive payment confirmation.
In this case, you can repeat the purchase of the document using the button on the right.
An error has occurred
The payment was not completed due to a technical error, cash from your account
were not written off. Try waiting a few minutes and repeating the payment again.
