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Self-production of a machine for sharpening knives. Tools for sharpening knives with your own hands Homemade knife sharpening

With the help of a knife we ​​prepare food, cut food and perform other housework. Therefore, it is very important that the knife blade always remains sharp. Theoretically, there is nothing difficult in sharpening knives, but in practice it turns out that not everyone can sharpen a blade well. To have an idea of ​​what to sharpen knives with and how to do it correctly, we recommend reading our article.

Before you start sharpening a knife, you need to find out what material it is made of. There are several types of knives:

• • Carbon steel knives are the most affordable, made from an alloy of iron and carbon, easy to sharpen and remain sharp for a long time. Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that the knife blade oxidizes from interaction with food or an acidic environment, due to this, rust and stains appear on the knife, and food acquires a metallic taste. Over time, after plaque forms on the blade, oxidation stops.

• • Low carbon knives stainless steel- made from an alloy of iron, chromium, carbon and in some cases nickel or molybdenum. Stainless steel knives are inferior in hardness to carbon steel, so they quickly become dull and require regular sharpening. The advantages include corrosion resistance.

• • Knives made of high-carbon stainless steel - a higher class of knives, with increased content carbon and additions of cobalt or vanadium. Due to the higher quality alloy, this type knives do not require frequent sharpening and are not subject to corrosion.

• • Damascus steel knives are mainly made as edged weapons, but there are also kitchen options. Damascus steel knife is a multi-layer blade made of different alloys high quality. The disadvantages include the high cost of knives.

• Ceramic knives have gained popularity due to their sharpness and ability to long time don't be dumb. But besides the advantages, ceramic knives have a significant disadvantage, which is their fragility when dropped from a height and poor resistance to fracture.

Sharpening tools

Touchstone (sharpening stone)

Sharpening stones are available with different quantities abrasive grains on square millimeter. Therefore, for rough sharpening and finishing grinding, you need to use bars with a minimum and maximum abrasive content. In foreign-made whetstones, information about the number of abrasive grains is on their labeling. You have to choose domestically produced sharpening stones “by eye” or ask the seller which whetstone to use for initial sharpening and which for final sharpening.

Mechanical sharpener

Mechanical sharpeners are mainly used for sharpening kitchen knives. Although the sharpening process is quick, the quality leaves much to be desired. For this reason, for hunting and sporting knives, it is recommended to use other sharpening methods.

Electric sharpener

Modern models electric sharpeners allow you to achieve high quality sharpening due to the built-in function of automatically determining the angle of the blade. The electric sharpener is great for both household use, and for sharpening knives in catering establishments. Model range There is a wide range of electric sharpeners, so the price may vary, but if you want your knives to always remain sharp, then buy more “advanced” and expensive models.

Musat

Musat - designed to maintain the sharpness of the knife edge. In shape, the musat resembles a round file with a handle. Musats are included in knife sets, and many owners often confuse them with a tool for fully sharpening a blade. Please note that with the help of musat you can maintain the sharpness of a sharpened knife, but if the knife has become completely dull, you will not be able to sharpen it with musat.

Sharpener "Lansky"

This sharpener is used for sharpening small and medium-sized knives. The design of the sharpener allows you to sharpen the blade at the angle you choose. The Lansky sharpener consists of a rod with a removable touchstone and two corners connected to each other. The corners simultaneously serve as a vice for the knife and a scale for selecting the sharpening angle. The sharpener kit also includes sharpening stones of different grits with ANSI markings.

Sharpening and grinding machines

Sharpening machines are used mainly in production for high-precision sharpening of rotating shaft blades. In addition to high-precision machines, there are abrasive wheels with electric drive and rotating discs for grinding. Sharpening knives on such machines should only be done by an experienced craftsman, because due to the speed of rotation of the circle or disk and high temperature heating, with any unsuccessful movement, the knife blade will become unusable.

Do-it-yourself blade sharpening

Sharpening a knife with a whetstone

Sharpening of a blade made with a sharpening stone is considered to be of the highest quality, of course, provided that it was carried out by experienced master. To sharpen a knife about whetstone do the following:

1. 1. Place a low abrasive grit sandstone on a stationary surface. If the block is small, it can be clamped in a vice.

1. 1. Holding the knife at an angle of 20-25 degrees relative to the surface of the block, begin moving the knife along the whetstone cutting edge forward.

1. Move the blade along the block so that during movement it touches the surface of the whetstone along its entire length.
2. As you move, try to maintain the same blade angle.
3. After making 2-3 movements, turn the knife over and repeat the sharpening process on the other side of the blade.
4. Thus, alternating sides, sharpen the knife until an edge (burr) appears along the edge of the blade.
5. Swap the coarse whetstone for a grinding stone.
6. Sand the knife blade until the edge disappears.
7. Test the sharpness of the knife by cutting a hemp rope folded several times, or try cutting a sheet of paper.

How to sharpen a knife using a sharpening stone, see also in the video:

Sharpening a hunting knife on a Lansky sharpener

Hunting knives are made from hard steel, therefore their initial sharpening requires sharpening stones with a low content of abrasive grains.

• Clamp the knife in a sharpener vice.
• Place a sharpening stone with a low content of abrasive grains on the rod.
• Select the angle of the block (for hunting knives it is usually from 20 to 30 degrees).
• Insert the rod into the desired hole.
• Lubricate the whetstone with the special oil included in the sharpener kit.
• Start moving the block along the knife blade, from the base to the tip.
• Flip the sharpener over and repeat the process on the other side of the knife.
• Once the edge is formed, change the stone and do the final sanding.
• Since hunting knives are mainly made with a double-sided blade, then after finishing sharpening on one side, change the position of the knife in the vice and begin the sharpening process on the other side.
• Once you've finished sharpening, polish the knife blade with felt.

How to sharpen knives in a Lansky sharpener, watch the video:

Sharpening scissors

Sharpening of scissors must be done on a special sharpening machine. Sharpening blades using improvised materials (sandpaper, the edge of a glass, etc.) can temporarily improve the sharpness of scissors, but not for long. If you don’t have the opportunity to have your scissors sharpened by a professional, you can try self-sharpening about abrasive stone. When sharpening you need to follow a few simple rules:

• The sharpening stone should be fine-grained.
• The blade is sharpened over the entire surface of the edge at the same time.
• The angle of the blade should match the factory edge.
• The movement of the blade along the stone should be from the screw to the tip.
• Scissors need to be sharpened disassembled.

When sharpening scissors, do not rush; patience will be your ally in this matter.

You can also watch the video on how to quickly sharpen scissors:

Sharpening plane and chisel blades

Sharpening the blade of a plane and a chisel are practically no different from each other. Therefore, the sharpening process described below applies to both tools:

• Place the chisel on the whetstone at an angle of 30-40 degrees.
• Holding the chisel with your hand, use the fingers of your free hand to press the bevel onto the whetstone.
• Start moving the chisel along the whetstone until smooth side chisels do not form a burr.
• Change the whetstone to a fine-grained one and do the final grinding of the chisel.
• Check the sharpness of the chisel blade by removing shavings from the corner of the block.

Besides manual sharpening, the chisel can be sharpened on a machine with a rotating abrasive disk:

1. Turn on the machine and let the disc reach full speed.
2. Holding the chisel with both hands, place its bevel against the sharpening wheel.
3. Be sure to maintain the angle of the chisel, otherwise you will damage the blade of the tool.
4. Do not press the chisel with great force and do not hold it on the blade for too long, this will lead to overheating of the metal and destruction of the blade.
5. While sharpening, wet the blade with water.
6. The final grinding of the chisel blade is best done by hand, using a fine-grained stone or sandpaper.

Do not forget that when sharpening products on a machine, a lot of sparks are generated and fine particles which may get into your eyes, so be sure to wear safety glasses. To avoid damaging your hands on the rotating disk, wear gloves.

You can also learn how to sharpen tools from the video:

Tips for quickly sharpening a blade with improvised means

Stone

You can quickly sharpen a knife on a hike or at a picnic using an ordinary cobblestone. Use any stone lying on the ground instead of a whetstone and run the knife blade along its surface. You won't achieve razor sharpness, but you will return the knife to working condition.

Second knife

It is quite possible to sharpen two knives at once, without sharpening stones or tools. To do this, you need to take a knife in both hands and begin to sharpen the blade of one knife on the blade of the other. After 5-10 minutes of this work, the knives will become sharper than before.

Glass objects

The knife blade can be slightly sharpened on the rough edge of glass or ceramic objects. For example, about the bottom of a glass or the edge tiles. The main thing is that the surface is rough.

Leather belt

A leather belt is more suitable for finishing and shaping a knife blade razor sharp than for rough sharpening. But if there is nothing at hand except a belt, then you can try to sharpen the knife on it. To do this, you need to give the belt a stretch and start moving the blade along it; you may not achieve strong sharpness, but you will polish the knife to a shine.


By learning to sharpen knives and tools yourself, you will acquire a skill that will be useful to you throughout your life!

I wanted to learn how to sharpen knives, but I won’t say that I didn’t know how to do it at all. Of course, I sharpened it with my hands on the stones, and tried to maintain the angle, but it seemed to work—the knives shredded the paper.

I decided to take this process more seriously. And, as is usual here in Russia, do everything yourself from what is at hand, and even for free. We have such lovers and I am like that. For such people, in fact, this article is.

I looked at sharpening machines on the Internet and settled on Apex. The first thing I did was look for it on Chinese sites, there are, of course, copies and they were inexpensive (before the dollar exchange rate changed), now even Chinese ones are a bit expensive for us. I looked at how it works, what the nuances are. Yes, it looks like it can be repeated.

Making Apex

Looking ahead, I will say that it was not possible to do it completely for free; I still had to spend money, but quite a bit. About 150 rubles.

Instead of a base, I took a 2 mm galvanized sheet. I bent it by eye (for some reason I guessed exactly 20 degrees in the corner). Pinned to chipboard sheet. I quickly glued magnets from old hard drives, it took 3 magnets. I looked at the knife rests on the Internet, they are convenient and a great idea. I found a support for the hinge in the garage, it has an 8mm thread.

At first I thought about changing the angle with nuts, but I decided that the angle changes often and it would be inconvenient to move the nuts back and forth and tighten the locknuts each time so that there is no play.

Where can I get a stone guide? An old bed, or rather a headboard, caught my eye; you probably remember what they had during the USSR. Why not a barbell from the back? I attached a 25x25 mm square profile to the rod (after sanding it first). Remember there are curly bushings. With their help (it took three pieces), in one you need to drill a hole to 11 mm (diameter of the rod). I added a nut for 10 and a pin with a ball from the same bed, and it turned out to be a comfortable handle.

I decided to sharpen it with sandpaper, there is such a method, it seems to work out very inexpensively and quite well. I bought several sheets of sandpaper of different grain sizes. To avoid any sandpaper residue, the length of the square profile was made to match the width of the sandpaper sheet to 230 mm. I made a cut on the rod and drove an engraving washer there suitable size. Everything came together perfectly, as if it was intended for this.

I was afraid it would be difficult to center the profile, but in this way, the profile fell into place on its own. I glue the sandpaper onto the pencil with stationery glue.

Hinge for sharpener

I thought for a long time about this unit, how to make it so that there was no backlash. I thought of doing this. I went to a bearing store and it turned out that there are such bearings as SHS (in my opinion, the sliding ball stands for). Available in sizes 10, 12, 15 internal diameter holes. But the rod is 11 mm. It's hard without a turner. But a way out was found. In the store across the road they sold spare parts for KAMAZ trucks, and there I found a brass bushing for 10mm brake pipes. I bought ShS-12 (65 rubles) and a bushing (8 rubles). At home I drove the bushing onto the rod, with a hammer it expanded remarkably, I ground it a little to the rod, which is what happened here. I inserted it into the joint (with glue, just in case, to eliminate play) and flared it. Everything has grown together again. There is a small gap left, in the ShS itself, it Russian production and is a little loose (I went through about a dozen in the store - all of them are the same). I wanted to weld the welding joint to the nut for fastening, but another idea came to mind, how to do without welding. I went to a plumbing store and bought pipe fasteners. It says 3/8” costs 27 rubles. I sanded it a little so that the working angle of the joint did not decrease. Next, using a pin with an 8 mm thread, I connected the clamp with a long nut and drilled a 9 mm hole in the right place on the long nut. The lamb was made from a purchased lamb for 5 rubles. Nuts and studs are the same at 8 mm.

When I assembled it (clamped the joint into the clamp), the play disappeared, the bolts of the clamp compress the joint and the play goes away completely. It turned out better than welding. And when worn out it is easy to replace.

Oddly enough, all the details fell perfectly into place. I had to do a minimum of alterations. There is no backlash. Everything turned out to be very simple, I even made a second rod to polish the cutting edge.

According to what I have learned, it took about half an hour on the second barbell. I glued it on the edge:

• skin for Goya paste
• clean skin
• wooden ruler with Goya paste
• clean wooden ruler

I use them in different sequences.

I want to say that the idea was a success, in two days I sharpened all the knives I could find. Angles can be measured using a household inclinometer, or a telephone with an installed program for measuring angles

Compared to the manual method on stones, sharpening is much easier and sharper. The paper is planed, the hair is shaved. I haven’t tried trimming my hair, I think it’s too sharp and has no use in life, although with due diligence you can achieve it.

Spent:

• ShS-12 – 65 rubles;
• brass bushing - 8 rubles;
• clamp - 27 rubles;
• lamb - 5 rubles;
• long nut - 5 rubles;
• a sheet of sandpaper 240 - 2 rubles;
• sheet of sandpaper 600 - 2 rubles;
• sheet of sandpaper 1000 - 10 rubles;
• sheet of sandpaper 2000 - 10 rub..

Total: 134 rubles. The rest was found in the garage for nothing. And plus work with your hands and head.

Who is too lazy to tinker, I found an inexpensive sharpener of the same type, the reviews are good, you can buy it.

Also made by hand.

Sharp knives for you.

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Sharpening video.

To perform their functions, knives must always be sharp. Any housewife who uses a knife to cut food knows how quickly it becomes dull.

Can make a sharpener from wooden blocks. You will need 4 bars of the same size: 2 wooden, and 2 abrasive. The wood is sanded, removing all burrs using sandpaper. Markings are applied to them depending on the desired angle, and grindstone and fix its width. On the markings, cuts are made with a depth of 1.5 cm. Abrasive bars are inserted into the recesses and secured with bolts.

Consider the action clamping device. The knife is fixed and remains motionless, and the stone makes translational movements. It forms a smooth cutting edge on the edge of the knife at the required angle. To make the blade perfectly sharp, you need to consistently change sharpening stones. It must be remembered that the stones must move strictly perpendicular to the area that is being sharpened.

Chisels and plane knives can be sharpened at home. You need to make a basic device where the sharpening angle will be fixed. Sharpening is carried out strictly on sanding paper.

Simple knife sharpening machine

To make it you need two pairs of slats and a block. The slats are connected to each other using adjustable screws, and a block is installed between them. The structure must be stable, it is not advisable to move it on the desktop. To better secure the block, you need to provide support strips that can be placed between the wooden components.

Easy to do with your own hands. You need to prepare the necessary tool.

This machine has disadvantages:

• it is not always possible to control the sharpening angle, especially if you work for a long time;
• the design is unstable, another fixation unit is needed;
• You need to regularly tighten the screws so that the location of the bar does not change.

Sharpening planing knives

This is a complex process that requires certain knowledge and skills. It is difficult to find a device for sharpening planing knives on sale. Many people do this using regular sharpening tools. For this case, it is recommended to purchase a modern low-speed sharpener, which is equipped with water cooling.

To make a planing knife sharp, you need to find a smooth and ungreasy stone that is used in this area. A water stone is perfect.

You can sharpen such a knife in any car workshop that has a tool for sharpening knives. For an additional fee, any blade will be made sharp for you using a special machine.

There are two types of knife sharpening: one-sided and two-sided. Working methods will differ from each other. This needs to be taken into account.

When choosing a quality block, you need to choose a stone with a medium grain.

Knives that have special coatings for cutting edges do not need to be sharpened. They are made of especially hard alloys that protect the blade from wear.

A sharpener with a special cutting edge in the form of teeth should not be attempted to sharpen in the usual way. For such a blade, you need to use laser control, which is not available in an ordinary apartment.

Wash blades frequently hot water This is not possible, as this will dull their blades faster.

To quickly sharpen a blade Without having a special device at hand, use a regular ceramic mug. Its bottom usually has a rough rim not covered with glaze - it can be used instead of a stone. The method is suitable for auxiliary pointing.

In some villages it is still practiced method of sharpening blades on a foundation. For its manufacture it was used cement-sand mortar, so the foundation surface has a grainy surface. Of course, this method is for residents apartment buildings can’t be called acceptable, but it’s a pretty good option.

Conclusion

Every home must have a knife sharpening device. You can make a simple model of a knife sharpening device with your own hands.

Let this be the most simple model, but if you do it yourself, your blades will never get dull.

Almost every person in life is faced with the question of sharpening knives. After all, any knife, regardless of its quality, sooner or later becomes dull. Therefore, the blade must be carefully maintained.

In stores today you can choose any sharpener from a huge variety.

What types of sharpening stones are there?

In general, there are several main types of such devices. Namely:

Oil-based, on the surface of which there is oil, specifically to save material.

Water, similar to the previous one, but water is used here.

Natural, industrially processed.

Artificial, made from non-natural materials.

Rubber, extremely rare. Completely inconvenient to use.

Nuances in the matter of sharpening

Every knife sharpening has its moments.

For example, Japanese independent type sharpening requires special attention quite experienced specialist, since the Japanese type of steel is quite fragile. To sharpen them, manufacturers recommend using different water stones, endowed with a variety of grain sizes.

Housewives use store-bought sharpeners for sharpening. When using several knives, their sharpness remains longer.

But this is very important, even though it takes a lot of time and effort.

How to sharpen knives correctly?

For this it is necessary to create special conditions. Thanks to them, the knife will remain sharp for a very long time.

Therefore, it is important to choose the right angle at which you will sharpen your knives. According to the basic rule in this matter, the smaller the angle at which the knife is sharpened, the stronger the cutting edge will be.

It is important not to forget that the next sharpening depends on the maximum sharpness. The sharper the knife, the faster you will have to sharpen it. At the same time, making it “workable” again will be much more difficult.

Why do they sharpen knives?

The purpose of sharpening is to restore the sharpness of the blade. To do this, take care of the correct sharpening angle. That is, it is necessary to restore the previously specified angle, which complies with the standards from a technological point of view.

To check how well the sharpening is done, cut the material that is cut by the blade of this particular knife. If the material is cut simply, you will do everything absolutely correctly.

Possible problems during the sharpening process

In order to choose the right angle correctly, it is important to have some experience, without which it is quite difficult to cope with this issue. And even more so if there is no special equipment for this.

After all, if you hold a knife with your hands during the sharpening process, it is quite difficult to achieve its ideal “sharpness” as a result.

How do you sharpen knives at home?

Sometimes it happens that the knife needs to be sharpened quickly. A block of wood, a hacksaw, sandpaper, a ceramic plate, a chisel, etc. may come in handy here.

And there are even those who can sharpen them on a foundation made of cement and sand. But this method is not recommended at all. After all, there are many others and more proven ones!

The best of all is to make homemade device. This is not only convenient, but also hardly distinguishable from the factory one.

How to sharpen a planer knife

Knives of this type can be handled by an experienced professional craftsman who has not only knowledge, but also skills in this matter. The process is actually quite complicated.

At the same time, in simple store Equipment for sharpening such a knife is quite difficult to find. You should know what will help here modern instrument, in which you can set low speed with water cooling.

You need to use a new stone with a flat surface. The best type of stone will be the water type.

In addition, if you do not have specific experience and skills in sharpening planing knives, you can also contact a service station, which probably has equipment such as a sharpener.

With repeated use of knives, every housewife faces a problem when they begin to become dull and it becomes simply impossible to work with them. In addition, this is unsafe, since the knife can slip while cutting and injure you. To prevent this from happening, knives should be sharpened in a timely manner using a special sharpening device.

You can buy a knife sharpener at your nearest hardware store or at the market, where they will offer you various types devices. You will have to choose yourself. But in order not to make a mistake, you need to know how to correctly evaluate them in terms of convenience and quality of use.

The offered options do not always satisfy consumers, so many make sharpeners with their own hands, using special stones, tools and drawing sketches with dimensions. The photo shows the options homemade sharpeners for knives.

Features of knife sharpening

When sharpening knives, the main thing is to make the correct angle of contact between the edges of the blades so that they serve you for a long time and effectively. Therefore, when sharpening knives yourself, it is necessary to maintain the existing angle of the blades.

Each knife blade has its own characteristics optimal angles tilt:

• from 10 to 15 degrees - for a medical scalpel or straight razor;
• from 15 to 20 degrees – for household knives used for cutting bread products, vegetables or fruits;
• from 20 to 25 degrees – for multifunctional knives for cutting a variety of products;
• from 25 to 30 degrees – for reliable companions of hunters and tourists on long hikes;
• from 30 to 40 degrees – for cutting materials that are particularly hard.

To sharpen the correct blade angle, you can't do without special devices, since it is difficult to do this manually.

The design of such devices is not complicated, so it is easy and quick to make it yourself, and detailed instructions for making sharpeners you can borrow from the Internet.

Types of knife sharpeners

Choose from a large assortment of different types of knife sharpeners the right option simple enough for yourself.

The main elements of the sharpening device are a stop for fixing the knife and abrasive stone, for which ready-made abrasive materials (stones) or self-made. But before you get to work, you need to learn how to properly make a knife sharpener with your own hands.

Types of sharpening stones

There are several types of whetstones:

• aquatic. Sharpening stones used in water are less likely to wear out during use.
• oil The structure and configuration are similar to aquatic ones, but with a more oily surface.
• natural. For their production, only natural raw materials are used with pre-treatment during the production process.
• artificial. In this case, the name speaks for itself, i.e. the abrasive material is created artificially.
• rubber. They are not as common as the previous ones, and they are also inconvenient during use.

What can you make a sharpener from?

To make a whetstone with your own hands, you can use the most in a simple way. Take a small glass plate rectangular shape about 5 mm thick. Using double-sided tape, attach strips of coarse and medium-grit sandpaper to it on both sides.

The block is ready for use; if necessary, worn sandpaper can be easily replaced with a new one. This method is the most budget-friendly.

The disadvantages of this device include:

• rapid wear of the abrasive and fragility of the product (when fastening the timber you need to be careful that the glass does not crack).
• possible overheating of the material during rapid movements during the sharpening process.

You can find the best ideas for knife sharpeners on their respective websites.

Wooden bars

This method of making a tool for sharpening knives is also simple and accessible to everyone. You will need four identical bars: two abrasive and two wooden.

Before starting work, sand the wood blocks with sandpaper so that their surface becomes smooth without burrs. Mark the block according to the required angle of inclination. Apply a whetstone and mark its width on a block of wood.

Pay attention!

Make cuts 1.5 cm deep according to the mark and insert abrasives into the grooves. Secure the stones with bolts. A piece of rubber attached to the bottom will give the structure stability.

In addition, you can make an adjustable sharpener with your own hands, but the next article will tell you how to do this.

Photos of DIY knife sharpeners

Pay attention!

Pay attention!