Russian hut. Layout of a Russian hut House according to Slavic traditions
“The house is bright - the fate is bright,
Don’t look for good in a dark house.”
Since ancient times, when man lived in unity with nature, instructions have been preserved on how to build a house in order to find comfort and peace of mind in it.
For the ancient Slavs, the construction of a house was filled with the deepest meaning, because in this case a person was likened to the gods who created the Universe. Great importance was attached to the choice of building materials, the start time of work and the location of construction.
Orientation of the house according to the cardinal directions
Our ancestors considered it very important to correctly position their home relative to the Earth's poles. Ancient architects revered the laws of nature and built in obedience to them.
It is not for nothing that Russian villages are always located in picturesque places. A gentle hill on the banks of a river or lake was considered ideal for construction. Natural source water, our ancestors believed, brings vital energy to the house.
“Facing North. Look over your right shoulder - this is the view from your porch. Pull out right hand- Your bed will be there. Look over your left shoulder - from kitchen window the overview will open. By left hand from you the storeroom will be equipped and the livestock must live behind the wall.” The advice of ancient masters is briefly conveyed in simple lines.
The Russian peasant set up the hut so that the rays of the sun entering the windows would provide as much warmth and light as possible, and the windows would offer a wide view of the surrounding nature. Free air currents wash a house located on a hill with energy jets, bringing goodness and taking away negative energy.
Orientation of the house according to the cardinal directions
Waking up early in the morning, with the first rays of the sun, a person receives energy and warmth, and is charged for the whole day. According to ancient building canons, the porch should face southeast. But the western wall of the house was “blank”, without doors or windows. According to ancient beliefs, it is the western wind that brings unexpected changes to a person’s life and “blows away” what has been acquired. As a rule, on this side there were outbuildings and kept livestock.
According to the advice of ancient Slavic masters, it is better to orient children's and bedrooms in the house to the east or southeast, towards the rising sun. Kitchen - to the north or northwest. It is convenient if you can see the yard from the kitchen window so that you can watch the children playing without being distracted from household chores.
The house itself is better located in the northwestern sector of the yard. This will make it possible to beautifully decorate the central entrance with a porch and veranda, and protect yourself from the prying eyes of neighbors with a wall without windows.
Great importance was attached to the wind rose at the construction site. Large orchards in courtyards had not only food value, but also had a protective function. “Whatever stops the wind stops the energy.” The winds were deified. It is with them that the ancient Slavic beliefs about wealth and prosperity or, conversely, about the poverty that haunts the residents of an improperly built house are associated. On the south and east sides there might not be shutters on the windows of the house. But from the north or west, shutters decorated with intricate carvings protected not only from the cold, but also from adversity.
Important good approach and the entrance to the house. The road should be straight and not winding - then life in the house will be calm, measured, without unpleasant turns.
Under no circumstances should housing be built on the site of an old road. The space of the former busy route is penetrated by blowing streams and the energy of life will not accumulate in the house, but will flow through it along the old path.
Be sure to have a clean, well-kept yard. By cluttering the space around him, a person brings chaos into his life.
Compliance with such simple rules, proven over centuries, will give the residents of the new home peace and comfort.
In our Slavic culture There are different concepts about home design. We know, although we don’t remember where for a long time, that a broom must be held with the broom up, that you cannot sit on the corner of the table, say goodbye across the threshold, twirl a hat in your hands, hand a knife to your neighbor with the sharp end, and so on. We have our own unique history, we have something to be proud of and we have something to learn from the knowledge of our ancestors. Rus' is a great power with its own traditions and rituals. Russian craftsmen are geniuses of their favorite craft, who knew a lot about building strong, good-quality houses made of wood. It was the tree that was considered a symbol of beauty, life, greatness, which gave its owners warmth and comfort. For Russian people, home was not only shelter, but also a real complex of traditions.
It is impossible to overestimate the influence of the atmosphere of our home. We spend a huge part of our time at home. We spend about eight hours a day in bed and the rest of the time at work. The atmosphere, ambience and energy of a place influence our mood, self-confidence, relationships with household members and our success in life, how we feel at work. Do we notice how differently we feel when we enter different rooms? In one you can breathe easily, you feel some light air movement, your mood improves, you enjoy and relax while being there. And in another, bad premonitions, bad smells, dark, unpleasant sensations fall upon you from the threshold. We want to leave this house as soon as possible. So a competent approach to home improvement will never be superfluous.
So, guided by the experience and beliefs of our ancestors, we should plant a tree in the middle of the future yard at the same time as laying the foundation. Previously, they planted birch or rowan, very beautiful and graceful trees. In general, our ancestors endowed all trees with certain properties:
ebony
symbolized the ability to magical protection,
oak- strength and luck,
pine- money and recovery,
cherry- Love,
cedar- longevity,
maple- love and material well-being,
nut- health.
Since time immemorial, a sign has remained: to ensure happiness and wealth, scraps of wool, grain or money were placed under the corners of the first logs. Before laying the ceiling, an inverted bear fur coat and a loaf of bread, a pie or a pot of porridge were tied to the base, and a green branch was placed in the front corner - it would “ensure” the health of the family.
According to Slavic beliefs, various items in the house had their own meaning - some warded off misfortune from the family, bringing happiness and prosperity, other objects brought misfortune; Of course, they tried to get rid of such things.
For example, “lucky” items were never lent, otherwise one could lose their favor, and fire has always been a symbol of life and prosperity. Bast shoes are a gift to the brownie at home. They usually decorated the kitchen. A broom helped keep the house clean, garlic and pepper drove out evil spirits, homemade cakes and a pot of buckwheat porridge symbolized hospitality and prosperity. A bag of juniper helped to free myself from bad thoughts. Bast shoes always came in pairs - therefore they testified to the strength of family ties.
But perhaps the most important feature of a house in Slavic traditions is the atmosphere of comfort, prosperity, prosperity and harmony, based on traditions, veneration of ancestors and family.
In Rus' they believed in a fiery spirit that guarded the hearth. Signs that foreshadowed the well-being of the family were especially associated with the stove. Many people made a hole on the wall above the stove so that on a certain day the rays would penetrate it rising sun, which promised peace and goodness in the house. It can be assumed that the hut was located in such a way that such a miracle occurred once on one of the holidays on Trinity or Easter. Stoves not only served for cooking and warmth, but were also real works of art, fitting perfectly into the interior. The tiled stove is a truly breathtaking sight, a masterpiece self made. The entire interior of the hut was complete, general style set the tone for the room. From it one could understand whether a person was rich or poor, what kind of character he had, whether the housewife was clean.
The red corner of the house is the most elegant and ceremonial place, the symbolic center, which everyone who entered immediately paid attention to. And this part of the house was decorated not only to admire for yourself, but also for visiting guests. Usually the red corner was located diagonally from the stove, and there could be several of them in the room. All things were placed on a table or shelf, covered with painted towels.
Feng Shui in Slavic.
Feng Shui is a popular Chinese science of harmony with environment and the ability to arrange your life in accordance with the laws of nature. Our Slavic culture has its own system of ideas about the structure of the house.
Unfortunately, it has been practically forgotten and remains in our lives only in the form individual signs and superstitions. We know that we cannot sit on the corner of the table, say goodbye across the threshold, hand a knife and fork to a neighbor with a sharp end, and so on. Without knowing, however, why this cannot be done. All these things are just a small part of the ancient science of spiritual development and the interconnection of all phenomena and objects.
At all times, the house was considered a nest, protection from bad weather and evil. No wonder the proverb was born: “Houses and walls heal.” Our ancestors brought the endless world of space closer to themselves with the help of images, building their lives in accordance with natural rhythms.
When starting to build our own home, both literally and figuratively, we can use many of the rules that guided our grandfathers and great-grandfathers.
Construction should begin after the new moon - on the waxing moon. Simultaneously with laying the foundation, a tree should be planted in the middle of the future yard. Previously, birch or rowan trees were planted. In general, all trees in the imagination of our ancestors had certain qualities: ebony symbolized the ability to magically protect, oak - strength and luck, pine - money and recovery, cherry - love, cedar - longevity, maple - love and material well-being, and walnut - health .
Since time immemorial, a sign has remained: to ensure happiness and wealth, scraps of wool, grain or money were placed under the corners of the first logs. Before laying the ceiling, an inverted bear fur coat and a loaf of bread, a pie or a pot of porridge were tied to the base, and a green branch was placed in the front corner - it would “ensure” the health of the family.
A special place in the houses of our ancestors was occupied by a threshold, high and strong, since under it in pagan times the ashes of their ancestors were buried after burning. And then the threshold began to be considered as the habitat of ancestral spirits. The tradition has still been preserved - not to talk on the threshold. It is customary to hang or draw a horseshoe, a symbol of happiness, or a Christian cross above the threshold of the front door - as protection from negative energies.
The hallway should be spacious and bright, because this is where guests are to be received, this is where people return tired from work, and through it the energy of the house itself and the outside world is exchanged.
Windows also connect us with surrounding nature, so they should be oriented towards the sunny side. East and south symbolize life and warmth. Therefore, it is better that the windows of rooms and bedrooms face south and east, and front door, kitchen, bathroom and toilet to the west and north.
The central place in almost any Slavic house is the kitchen-dining room (in ancient times - the stove). Life is always in full swing here: the whole family gathers for lunches and dinners, talks with guests, raises children, “pours out” their souls to friends, and according to legend, the guardian spirit, the brownie, lives here. Therefore, it is the kitchen, sometimes the most comfortable and “habitable” place in the house, that should be beautiful and clean. Here, according to tradition, you can hang amulets: spoons, symbolizing a satisfying life, decorative keys - a symbol of dowry, wealth, hatchets - a sign of pagan Perun - the patron of the harvest, bells, whistles, spatulas, brooms - protection from various troubles, corn cobs and caps of dried sunflowers - “children’s” amulets and so on. Both beautiful and useful!
According to Slavic customs, a table should connect two spaces in the house - living and working, and on its main side, under the icons, the owner-breadwinner is seated. On the table there was previously a samovar with a beautiful hot-water bottle doll, sewn by the hands of the mistress of the house, the eldest woman in the family. Among the Slavs, the doll had a deep meaning: it protected and resembled an idol. Bereginya (a magnificent doll) was also placed above the porch and on the windows. They believed that she was protecting children's sleep and protects. The doll was dressed up, but the face was not painted. By folk beliefs, a doll with a face acquired a soul and could cause harm. Many dolls were filled with grain - a symbol of prosperity and health. A house without toys was considered soulless and empty.
Elegant linen towels were known in Slavic Russian culture as perhaps the most popular amulets and home decorations (kitchen-dining room, living room and even bedroom). The towel is a symbol of human life, like a stripe of fate.
The mirror symbolizes monetary well-being. Hang a mirror next to the table in the living room or kitchen - it will attract wealth to your home. IN lately It has become very fashionable to decorate bedrooms with mirrors. You should never hang a mirror near your bed - in this case it can destroy your life, taking away all your strength and energy! You should also not place shelves, cabinets or paintings with negative images or scenes above the bed. Innocent home flowers in pots - geranium, aloe, delicate violets - will come in very handy.
Our ancestors generally gave great value plants, which were treated and fed and watered. They were used as amulets: for example, ferns, lilies, marigolds, and juniper were grown at the entrance to protect the house from evil spirits and the evil eye.
There should be no unnecessary things in the house. According to the ideas of the ancestors, each thing serves a specific purpose and should be filled with love and the great meaning of serving the material to the spiritual. And unnecessary things create chaos and disorder, so you should systematically get rid of them. As a rule, this is done before Christmas and Easter.
The tradition of decorating your home dates back to pagan times, when in this way a person sought to protect his family from evil forces. Therefore, images of sacred animals and birds were located in the places most vulnerable to negative energies: windows, gates, doors, chimneys or fireplaces. Since the house expresses a triune system, then the amulets correspond to the three worlds - earth, water and air.
U Eastern Slavs Especially popular were images or figurines of a dove - the personification of kindness and beauty, the Holy Spirit, a chicken - a symbol of fertility, a bear - a symbol of wealth, a horse - the personification of the sun and life (a wooden horse was planted on the roofs of houses), a bull - the embodiment of earthly strength and reliability, and so on further. Also popular are carved, painted and wooden (clay, glass, porcelain...) images of the sun, moon, fish, palms and nesting dolls.
Since ancient times, the naturalness of the materials used, poetic images and spiritual ideas embodied in everyday objects helped our ancestors make their lives more beautiful and warmer. They will also help us, because the structure and spirit of the house depend only on the owners themselves, on their good thoughts, desires and hard work.
KNOW YOUR MEASURE. Northern tradition of house building
Interview with the master of wooden architecture Igor Tyulenev, who creates houses according to the principles of old principles of house building and fathom proportioning. The interview was conducted specifically for readers of the Pashkovka newspaper.
“The foundations of our Russian, Northern Tradition found a deep response in my heart,” shares Igor Tyulenev. – Gradually I learned to perceive, understand and pass on the traditions of house building. And I continue to study. In Rus', osmerik or shesterik (a house with eight or six (like a honeycomb in bee hive) corners). And this is directly related to the harmony of the ascending and descending flows of power: The Earthly and Heavenly Yari are alive (as it is now fashionable to call these flows - Yin and Yang, and the Ancestors called it - the nature of the Father and Mother, male and feminine energy) with their flow in a spiral. The towers and huts were mostly round in shape. Everything in a house building has a certain importance, and the form is no exception.
For example, try, without changing the shape of the vessel or product, to fill a bottle of mineral water with ripe apples. It won’t work, either you’ll have to break the bottle or finely chop the apples. A basket is better suited for storing apples; they will breathe easily in it, and, accordingly, they will be stored well, but stored in wicker basket fresh honey, or mature kvass, will not occur to anyone. That is, everything needs a proper container.
Life is Power, and the form is activated by that Power, and the house is the filling. For example, a “gasoline” car will not move at diesel fuel. Thus, a form may or may not be able to accommodate and perceive this or that energy or force. The well-known expression: “a house is a full cup” is now perceived as a house full of all kinds of “good” - things, furniture, but initially no one put such a meaning into this expression-wish. “A house is a full cup” is a house filled to the brim with harmoniously intertwined flows of Earthly and Heavenly power, which require a certain form for this; here the place where the house is placed is also decisive.
I repeat, gradually dwellings and other buildings acquired a geometrically more “simple” shape, becoming square and rectangular. At the intersection of the walls, a right angle is formed, but the Heavenly force tends to flow down and the Earthly one to rise. The Force, like water in a river, does not flow at a right angle, and therefore in the corners of today’s brick, stone and panel houses, “negativity” constantly accumulates, there the current of the Force is disrupted, without movement it “fades out”, the river turns into a swamp. A permanent minus point is formed in the corner. Subsequently, to avoid this process in wood, already square houses, began to hew the walls, thus giving rounding to the corners, and allowing the streams of Power to flow.
– Why was wood preferred? building material?
– The trunk of a tree is essentially a revolving (coil, spiral, and Vita – Life) structure of tubular systems, since the entire trunk from the butt to the top is penetrated by bellies - channels through which, while the tree grows, sap flows - from the roots up the trunk , and the materialized sunlight from the leaves of the crown also flows through the bellies, spreading throughout the entire tree. Depending on the purpose of the tree: to receive or give out force, its trunk in the process of growth acquired a left-handed or right-handed twist, the so-called twist, and because of this, the felled log became “right” or “left”.
Previously, huts were cut by combining these logs proportionally, or consciously giving the structure certain qualities, placing predominantly right-handed or left-handed twisted logs into the frame. Thanks to the method of laying logs in rows in a log house (butt - top), a continuous flow of Zhiva and Yari in a spiral was achieved. In the cups (places of cutting), the poles of energy change, a phase transition of 90 degrees takes place - plus to minus, the Force of the Father “becomes”, filled with the Force of the Mother, and vice versa. But this only happens if the core, the core of the tree, is not damaged. That's why earlier at home and chopped into the okhryap - into the lower bowl. Today, experts criticize this method of cutting, saying that moisture accumulates in the lower bowl, and the wood in the log house is more susceptible to rotting, and they offer log houses cut into a hook - into the upper bowl. At the same time, they avoid making fat-tailed locks, not realizing that the core of the tree damaged in the log house in this case is a disservice to the residents of such houses.
The roof closes the entire contour of the house. And here the angle of the roof, or rather the corners, already matters, since there are many options for them in the canon of house building. They built a house with one corner of the roof, and a barn with another... Nowadays, few people think about this, approaching this issue from the concepts of aesthetics, or the possibilities of the material, nothing more. The house is designed to accommodate Life with certain qualities. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the location of the installation (have you heard the expression “a house must be placed on a stone”, this is because the current of power intersects differently). Do not build houses on sand, not only because it can collapse, but also because sand is not a conductor, there will be no strength in such a house.
You also need to take into account the shape of the house, the angle of the roof, as well as the material from which the house is built, and then the house can be given any properties - Healing House, Ritual House, Residential House. All structures and houses must have 100% compliance with Form and Content.
By the way, the stove in the house, like its engine, must necessarily rest on the load-bearing floor beams, and not on independent foundation- as is often customary now. Depending on how the stove is positioned in the house in relation to the entrance, to the right or to the left of it, the stove can be Spinner or Unspinner, respectively. So in your house, either everything is “rushing”, going well, or not so much... We can and should talk about the magic of the Russian stove separately, its ability to give birth to bread, warm the house and keep the Fire hearth and home, in itself is priceless.
– How were houses built in the old days?
- In the old days, houses were built by the whole Relatives, and often by the whole world, the term was - help, everyone got together and built it together. The ovens were made of adobe, and only virgin girls and boys were invited to “beat” the ovens; what power they put into the oven! “In your own home, even the walls help” - that’s what they say. Since we are talking about home as a concept, about the essence of its purpose, so to speak, I can say it more simply: Home is a place of Power that you create artificially. Home is an instrument of evolution given by Rod. Your home universal tool, with which you can do anything! This house has now been built, but we don’t know how to interact with it. I mean with the house itself, with its space.
Of course, in order for the house to truly become yours, you must build it yourself, or at least take maximum part in its construction. You need to structure it for yourself, in the process of birthing a house, water it, where with your salty sweat, and maybe where you get hurt with a little blood, the more valuable it will become for you, the more of your strength you put into it, into your home. Previously, at least three generations of relatives lived in one hut: Father, Mother, Grandfather and Grandmother, and children. Knowledge was passed on naturally. There was a continuity of knowledge transfer, from grandfather and father to grandson and son.
– Have you heard that there used to be a concept of “Construction victim”?
- Yes, that's true. Before cutting down a tree, gifts were brought to each tree and permission to cut down was directly asked from each tree. Promising him continued existence in a new form, in the form of Dwelling. And if the tree gave such permission, then it experienced a state of supreme joy. As a result of the action of such a higher emotion, the entire molecular structure of the wood changed, and now it was friendly to humans. In the new incarnation there is a new measure, this expression is equal to everyone. A tree cut down in this state will imprint it forever in its body, and a house built from such a log will constantly share this state of joy with the residents. It will also protect them from all misfortunes.
Now almost no one does this. But what I want to say: the attitude of a person himself towards home, towards Life can change everything down to the atomic level. It is very important what is inside you, in what mood you live and act. Even a house built from railway sleepers, soaked in creosote, can become a source of positive power if a bright person lives in it, full of the Joy of Life...
House, Family Estate as an artifact.
The estate is not only hedge, garden, vegetable garden, forest, clearing, pond, but also various buildings - a house, storage room, barn, bathhouse, gazebo.
Nature and man himself should be the model and measure for the structures created on the estate. Then all the buildings will be harmonious and beautiful, life will flow in them as beneficially as possible for the psyche and health, and it will become possible to discover and realize many of the abilities inherent in a person.
Today in architecture there are:
1. Estates and houses built to living dimensions.
These houses have the properties of all living beings - they were created taking into account the golden ratio and the so-called wurf coefficients. Wurf is a three-member division of the human body (it will be discussed in more detail below). This includes houses created using Old Russian system fathoms. This is how houses are built for a comfortable and pleasant life.
Basic fathoms in meters:
Policewoman 2,848
Large 2,584
Great 2,440
Greek 2,304
Breech 2.176
Pharaoh 2,091
Piletsky 2.055
Tsarskaya 1.974
Church 1,864
Narodnaya 1,760
Chernyaeva 1,691
Egyptian 1,663
Masonry 1,597
Simple 1,508
Small 1.424
Minor 1.345
All 16 fixed fathoms, according to which it is proposed to design structures, are calculated based on the size of historical buildings - cultural monuments. Fathoms increase in accordance with the harmony coefficient of the musical series - 1.059.
I would like to emphasize that fathoms are a tool for creating volume, and not just a unit of measurement of length. You can make a fathom from any size.
Harmonious dimensions give buildings and structures the following properties:
1. Beauty;
2. Durability;
3. Durability;
4. Excellent acoustics;
5. Health benefits for people;
6. Harmonization of space.
Before the introduction of design by meters, not only houses, but also parks and cities were created by fathoms; the name of one of the fathoms reminds us of this - gorodovaya.
The land on the estate varied in tithes - 1 tithe - 109 acres. One tithe contains 2400 square fathoms. 4,548 sq. m – square fathom.
2.848x1.597=4.548 sq. m;
2.548x1.76=4.548 sq. m;
2.44x1.864=4.548 sq. m;
2.304x1.974=4.548 sq. m;
2.176x2.090=4.548 sq. m;
1.508x2x1.508=4.548 sq. m;
When creating a house by fathoms, it is taken into account that in nature there are no identical figures - diversity pleases the eye and pacifies the psyche.
Amazing harvests were also noted on the ridges marked by fathoms.
A separate topic on the estate is the creation of a “living pond”, i.e. such a reservoir, where the water is self-purifying as much as possible (does not become overgrown), everything is favorable for the life of fish, crayfish and, at the request of the owners, for swimming. Of course, for the construction of a pond, it is important, first of all, to have a water source (indicators of a source are green grass, willow, alder), a clay bed, and the location of the banks along geodetic lines. And only then the pond is marked by fathoms.
The depth of the bottom should be different, and it is desirable that the reservoir be deeper in the north and shallower in the south. For convenience, it is possible to build 1 or 2 terraces deep into the pond about 0.5 m wide for planting aquatic plants, for example water lilies, reeds. It is advisable to extend the banks of the pond in the direction of the wind. The combination of natural shapes and geodetic lines is important. Thus, a pond in the shape of a shrimp or snake will not self-clean if built on a plain. But this form is perfect for a pond at the foot of a mountain or in a ravine.
Paths in the estate should not be straight. The energy moves in a tortuous way. A striking example is the streets of old Moscow. Standing at the beginning of such a street, you will not see its end - it is so crooked. It is necessary to follow nature, and there are no straight lines in it, especially parallel ones. The same goes for ridges. It is better when long ridges are arranged in the shape of a meander or snake.
2. Dead estates and houses.
These structures slow down natural processes Therefore, they are used to preserve inanimate products and bodies, such as refrigerators, storehouses, and crypts. Such houses are based on regular geometric shapes that are not found in nature - a square, a circle, an isosceles and equilateral triangle. The exception here is the hexagon - a honeycomb, a regular geometric figure, but alive.
The earth is measured in squares - square meter, square weave, square hectare.
Ponds are created in the form of regular geometric shapes, regardless of geodetic lines, cardinal directions and wind direction.
The paths are straight, turns at clear angles.
3. Other structures.
Not “living” and “dead” estates and houses. Such structures are created by amateurs or are intended for some unknown, cosmic purposes. These include new buildings and city apartments. The topic has not been studied, you can write a dissertation....
Literature used:
2. Seminar July 6-10 by Sepp Holzer in Krameterhof.
3. Website sazheni.ru
4. Forum http://forum.anastasia.ru/topic_47351_90.html
Justification for the use of fathoms
God created the World, and the Harmony of the World distantly reflects the perfection of God. God gave people reason and feelings capable of perceiving the Harmony of the World. Moreover, Harmony is inherent in Man himself. And Man can not only perceive, but also reproduce the Harmony of the World in his works.
Harmony is measurable. One of the measures of Harmony is the human measure - the fathom. By creating something fathom by sazhen, Man imparts Beauty and Harmony to his works. As much as it is natural for Man to live in nature created by God, so natural is it for Man to live and use creations that reflect this Harmony.
It is natural for a person to live in a harmonious environment created by himself. This so-called “cultural” environment. It is a secondary, artificially created habitat by Man. However, this secondary nature must also comply with the laws of Harmony and be favorable for humans. Such a correspondence can be ensured by the fathom.
The uniqueness of the Old Russian fathom system is that “there is fundamentally no single standard measurement unit for fathoms, and the measurement system itself is not Euclidean.
For many centuries the absence uniform standard did not interfere, and moreover, contributed to the construction of magnificent structures, aesthetically proportional to the nature, also because in ancient Russian architecture all divisions were three-part, notes in the book “Golden Fathoms” Ancient Rus'"A.F. Chernyaev.
For example, fingers, toes, arms (shoulder-forearm-hand), legs (thigh, lower leg, foot), etc., have a three-membered structure. Moreover, a two-membered limb did not exist in nature.
The ratio of the 3 lengths makes up a proportion called wurf. Wurf values across the human body vary, averaging 1.31.
Moreover, the coefficient of the golden section squared, divided by two, is equal to the wurf. (1.618x1.618):2=1.31.
Currently, most architects in Russia have undeservedly forgotten the design methodology by fathoms and use the metric system.
Let's look at the history of the meter. The meter was first introduced in France in the 18th century and originally had two competing definitions:
How is the length of a pendulum with a half-period of swing at a latitude of 45° equal to 1 s (in modern units this length is m).
As one forty-millionth of the Paris meridian (that is, one ten-millionth of the distance from north pole to the equator along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid at the longitude of Paris).
The modern definition of the meter in terms of time and the speed of light was introduced in 1983:
A meter is the distance traveled by light in a vacuum in (1/299,792,458) seconds.
It turns out that the meter is an artificially derived unit of measurement, not directly related, and, accordingly, does not reflect the Harmony of the World and Man. Meter is a standard that forms a line. Fathoms are a natural measure for Man. They form a tripartite (3 - sacred number) a system according to which area and volume are harmoniously formed.
Peter the Great, as D.S. writes. Merezhkovsky, in his work “Antichrist,” abolished the natural measures: fathom, finger, elbow, vershok, present in clothing, utensils and architecture, making them fixed in a Western manner. It was not for nothing that the meter was introduced in France and Russia during the revolutions. The destroyers knew why it was necessary to forget the wisdom and traditions of their ancestors, to destroy the roots...
Ancient people felt Harmony intuitively, without thinking about measurements. But the connection with God weakened, which is why rigidly fixed sizes of fathoms arose, and rules for constructing various structures according to fathoms appeared.
Our ancestors carefully preserved and passed on age-old wisdom and beauty, embodying them in the temples of Ancient Rus'. Life on estates and houses built by fathoms made it possible not to lose the feeling of the Harmony of the World and reminded Man of God.
Now we are visiting estates miraculously preserved after collectivization and urbanization. For example, in Moscow, near Red Square, there is the Romanov family estate, where now only the house-museum, “House of the Romanov Boyars,” remains. The house-museum and part of the estate of the artist Vasnetsov have been preserved in the former Troitsky Lane near the Sukharevskoye metro station.
On Novy Arbat, behind the high-rise buildings, a piece of the estate and the Lermontov family home are hidden. Everyone knows Boldino, the family estate of the great Russian poet Pushkin. A charming corner is the estate of the artist Polenov in Tarusa, where the museum is run by his descendants.
The family estate of the “father of Russian aviation”, the memorial house-museum and Zhukovsky’s estate are located in the village of Orekhovo, 30 km from Vladimir, on the Vladimir-Alexandrov highway. And there are many such examples.
The revival of ancient traditions of creating estates and estates will undoubtedly serve the socio-economic recovery and improvement of life in the country, the development of the spiritual, creative forces and abilities of new landowners.
Literature used:
- A. F. Chernyaev “Golden fathoms of Ancient Rus'”.
- Forum http://forum.anastasia.ru/topic_47351_90.html
- Wikipedia.
Variety of fathoms
Let's consider various options the use of fathoms in the design of a residential building. Common to all methods: when building a house by fathoms, the external dimensions of the house must have different sizes along 3 coordinate axes, and only an even number of fathoms is plotted. The space inside the house is planned in the same way, only an even number of half-fathoms, elbows, spans, pasterns or vershok is taken.
Details such as windows and doors rounded at the top, a high roof, various terraces and porches, asymmetrical elements and parts of the house make it original and memorable. A separate topic is decorating the house with carvings, the so-called “patterning”. This is a whole language of different figures, telling about the family living in the house. Furniture is made according to the size of the house and the owners. Complements interior space home color of decoration: curtains, carpets, paintings.
Design for 16 fixed fathoms
An even number of fathoms is plotted along the 3 axes, which must be different and not appear next to each other in the list.
1. Piletsky 2.055
2. Egyptian 1,663
3. Smaller 1.345
4. State-owned 2,176
5. Folk 1,760
6. Small 1.424
7. Greek 2,304
8. Church 1,864
9. Simple 1.508
10. Great 2,440
11. Tsarskaya 1,974
12. Masonry 1,597
13. Big 2,584
14. Pharaoh 2,091
15. Chernyaeva 1,691
16. Policeman 2,848
So, the external dimensions of the house can be as follows: length - 6 church fathoms, height - 4 royal fathoms, width - 4 folk fathoms. If the house is round or polygonal, then the outer diameter is equal to an even number of fathoms, for example, 4 masonry fathoms.
Fathoms according to the owner's golden proportions.
It is proposed to take five consecutive numbers of the golden ratio 0.382/0.618/1/1.618/2.618. These coefficients must be multiplied by the height of the owner - the result is a series of fathoms proportional to his height. For example, with a height of 1.764 m, the scale will be as follows: 0.674/1.090/1.764/2.854/4.618 m. The specified series is successively multiplied by 2, 4, 8, 16... - a table is formed from which the sizes of individual fathoms are determined. The fathoms calculated by this method are divided into 2, 4, 8, 16, 32... parts, respectively. As a result, we obtain independent units: half fathoms, cubits, spans, pasterns, tops.
Types of “human” fathoms.
The most famous “human” fathoms:
- flywheel. This is the length of outstretched arms;
- height. Just the height of a person;
- oblique. The height of a person with his arm raised up.
Based on the specified fathoms, the house is designed taking into account the size of the owner and mistress. The external dimensions of the house are calculated according to the size of the owner, and the internal dimensions - according to the size of the owner. There is a hidden meaning here: such correspondence is intended to reflect the relationship between the roles of men and women in the family.
In conclusion, it should be noted that regardless of the units of length (distance can be measured in feet, meters or parrots), when designing by fathoms we create a “living” harmonious to Man space for Love, creativity and relaxation.
Literature used:
1. A.F. Chernyaev “Golden fathoms of Ancient Rus'”.
Feedback from the owner of a house built according to the Old Russian fathom system about her house
My house is really built according to Russian fathoms. But only outside. Inside - that’s how it happened. It’s comfortable to live in it, we don’t want to leave it - we perceive it as living creature, very friendly and cheerful.
Is it the reason for this fathom, or the fact that it was built with Love by our like-minded person, very pure and kind person, with extensive construction experience – it’s hard to say.
Most often I hear the following words about my house: “how nice it is!” It seems small, but it seems not very, moderately tall, moderately wide, so strong - in a word - okay. But this, I think, is the merit of the fathoms.
It is pleasing to the eye with its proportions, and, of course, elegant (after all, we love it - so we dressed it up). Guests, coming in for a minute, do not leave for hours - they just sit on the steps or on the terrace. This is especially noticeable in children; the baby’s mother lowers him to the ground to go home, and he again climbs the stairs into the house - and is so happy.
Six months after the house was built, I attended Chernyaev’s seminar in Lipetsk. There I learned an important thing that everyone should take into account when building a house, even if the construction is not in fathoms.
Ceiling height in a house with stove heating there should be as many as possible - superheated air rises up and hangs from the ceiling. If the ceilings are 3 meters (Chernyaev says 3.20 is better), then everything is fine. If it is lower, then our head is always in the discomfort zone.
Indeed, in heating season my son couldn't sleep upstairs bunk bed(our ceiling height is 2.5 meters) - it’s very hot and stuffy up there.
I am for the settlers’ houses to be solid, beautiful and in good order. Extra costs“for beauty” pay off handsomely - how many times does my
From time immemorial, the peasant hut made of logs has been considered a symbol of Russia. According to archaeologists, the first huts appeared in Rus' 2 thousand years ago BC. For many centuries, the architecture of wooden peasant houses remained virtually unchanged, combining everything that every family needed: a roof over their heads and a place where they can relax after a hard day of work.
In the 19th century, the most common plan for a Russian hut included a living space (hut), a canopy and a cage. The main room was the hut - a heated living space of a square or rectangular shape. The storage room was a cage, which was connected to the hut by a canopy. In turn, the canopy was a utility room. They were never heated, so they could only be used as living quarters in the summer. Among the poor segments of the population, a two-chamber hut layout, consisting of a hut and a vestibule, was common.
Ceilings in wooden houses were flat, they were often hemmed with painted plank. The floors were made of oak brick. The walls were decorated using red plank, while in rich houses the decoration was supplemented with red leather (less wealthy people usually used matting). In the 17th century, ceilings, vaults and walls began to be decorated with paintings. Benches were placed around the walls under each window, which were securely attached directly to the structure of the house itself. At approximately the level of human height, long wooden shelves called voronets were installed along the walls above the benches. On shelves located along the room they stored kitchen utensils, and on others - tools for men's work.
Initially, the windows in Russian huts were volokova, that is, observation windows that were cut into adjacent logs, half the log down and up. They looked like a small horizontal slit and were sometimes decorated with carvings. They closed the opening (“veiled”) using boards or fish bladders, leaving a small hole (“peeper”) in the center of the latch.
After some time, the so-called red windows, with frames framed by jambs, became popular. They had more complex design, rather than volokovye, and were always decorated. The height of the red windows was at least three times the diameter of the log in the log house.
In poor houses, the windows were so small that when they were closed, the room became very dark. In rich houses, windows with outside closed with iron shutters, often using pieces of mica instead of glass. From these pieces it was possible to create various ornaments, painting them with paints with images of grass, birds, flowers, etc.
