Bioware: types and advantages. Eco-friendly dishes made from wheat straw Where to buy organic dishes
There is a positive trend: everything appears more options eco-friendly dishes that do not harm the environment. Plastic, on the contrary, is becoming less popular.
The problem with plastic tableware is that this material takes several hundred years to decompose in the soil. Considering the volumes polymer materials, which are dumped into landfills every day, soon the entire planet will be littered with an even layer of plastic and polyethylene. However, if processed properly, plastic is harmless. Plastic is recycled by burning.
Popular eco-friendly tableware includes, for example, plates and cups made from paper, compressed corn starch and sugar cane. All these materials rot quite quickly in the soil, in addition, they provide additional fertilizer for the soil.
Let's talk about one more thing environmentally friendly material, from which disposable tableware is produced, we are talking about ordinary wheat straw.
The main advantage of this material is its absolute naturalness; such plates and cups do not contain any harmful impurities. In addition, in principle, there can be no shortage of straw in the world. Straw belongs to the so-called renewable materials: every year grain is sown, therefore, every year a huge amount of straw is formed, which is not used in any way.
Their straw utensils are universal: they can be used to heat food in a microwave oven; in addition, this material also tolerates heat very well. low temperatures Therefore, it is suitable for storing food in the freezer.
Disposing of straw utensils is not difficult, you just need to throw them in the trash; there are no recycling companies yet.
Making dishes from wheat straw
This dish is made as follows. First, the straw is crushed, resulting in a homogeneous mass of cellulose. In some cases, other cereal plants may be additionally added.
Then the crushed raw materials are distributed into molds and placed under a press. The consequence is that the products are very, very durable; such dishes never become deformed.
Production disposable tableware made from wheat does not require much energy. The water used for cooling circulates throughout the closed office. Running a business producing such utensils is a very profitable business.
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Since the last century, the use of disposable tableware has become widespread, mainly when organizing outdoor parties, picnics and barbecues. - Wooden utensils made of birch - eco-trends at your event!
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A broken plate or mug, once in a landfill, will not cause harm to the environment, but will decompose there for centuries. Alternatively, you can use biodegradable tableware made from bamboo, cornstarch, wheat straw and sugarcane. The way to dispose of it is no more complicated rotten apple- in a couple of months compost pit such a plate will turn into useful fertilizer. Recycle has sorted out the different types of eco-friendly tableware and collected the ten most interesting options.
Frybest made of bamboo
Dishes made from bamboo fibers are very light, durable, do not absorb moisture or odors, and decompose within a couple of months if thrown into compost. All items are heat-resistant and can withstand both very extreme cold and high temperature- up to 70 °C. The dishes prevent the growth of microbes - test results showed that more than 70% of microorganisms placed on the surface of bamboo dishes were destroyed naturally.
Manufacturer: South Korea
Ecoplant made from sugar
All plates and glasses are made from sugar, which is obtained from corn, wheat and sugar cane. Bright dishes are natural, safe and pleasant to the touch. It can be washed in dishwasher, refrigerate and use microwave oven. On the website you can order multi-colored cups, cutlery, bowls or a set of jugs and trays. There are special sets for children: Toy car for boys and Girl & Pets for girls.
Manufacturer: China
Brandani from corn
Italian tableware is made from the smallest fraction of bamboo with the addition of corn by vacuum pressing under pressure. An ideal option for those who value environmentally friendly, safe and at the same time beautiful materials. When dropped into the ground, bamboo dishes completely decompose within two months without emitting hazardous substances. chemicals into the environment. Moscow stores offer only a portion of the products: coffee and tea pairs, trays and snack dishes.
Manufacturer: Italy
Kupilka made of pine
Practical eco-friendly tableware with a traditional design - KUPILKA made from a composite of natural pine fibers. No utensils required special care, does not absorb odors and is insensitive to moisture. Very light, perfect for hiking. The biomaterial is recyclable and is sold in stylish packaging made from recycled cardboard or wooden box. There are no official distributors in Russia, but dishes are easy to find on Ebay.
Manufacturer: Finland
EcoPanda Pro made of bamboo
For the production of tableware, a natural, environmentally friendly material is used - pure bamboo fiber, so once it gets into the ground, it completely decomposes. The EcoPandaPro line includes moisture-resistant plates, glasses, salad bowls and bowls in cheerful colors. Bamboo tableware is available in sets of three identical items (except for the salad bowl), packaged in a recycled cardboard box.
Manufacturer: China
Vegetable Baby made from starch
Vegetable Baby dishes are made from environmentally friendly biopolymer based on corn starch with a biodegradability period of several months. Such kits do not contain biphenol A, dioxins, or other compounds that can lead to endocrine disorders and are indispensable when feeding children. The cookware is not suitable for use in a microwave oven.
Manufacturer: South Korea
Picneco made of cane, starch, wheat and wood
For picnics and outdoor events with a large number guests ideal option- disposable tableware made from biodegradable materials: corn starch, wheat straw, sugar cane and wood. It is more durable than made from paper and is not inferior in properties to plastic - it can be used to serve hot dishes, freeze and store food at low temperatures. Picneco's range of disposable tableware is endless, including cutlery, sectional plates, glasses and even burger boxes.
Manufacturer: Russia
Green Toys made from recycled plastic
Although the products of the American brand Green Toys do not decompose in a few months, we still decided to include them in our review of eco-friendly tableware. Using recycled plastic and cardboard for packaging, the company follows its mission to be the most reliable and transparent supplier of environmentally and socially safe toys and tableware for children in the world. The dishes are made from food grade 100% recycled plastic.
Manufacturer: China
Starbucks made from recyclable plastic
Starbucks has also committed to reducing the use of single-use packaging to help save forests. An alternative to the iconic paper cup is thermoformed from virgin polypropylene. In every coffee shop you can buy fully recyclable, reusable cups and also get a discount on coffee. The company guarantees that the glass will pay for itself after just ten uses.
Manufacturer: China
Eco Cup made of ceramics
A convenient mug for takeaway coffee lovers, only it is made not of paper, but of ceramics. This beautiful, eco-friendly cup can withstand temperatures up to 230 degrees and can be used repeatedly in the dishwasher and microwave.
It is difficult to imagine that a technological revolution may occur in the furniture industry in the coming years. We are used to surrounding our everyday life natural materials- plastic scares off consumers with its “non-living” properties. Chemists have not yet come up with a material that can replace wood.
The latest breakthrough in furniture production committed by the Germans at the beginning of the Second World War. Forced to save on resources, they invented a technology for producing boards from wood waste. In terms of physical properties, these boards did not differ much from solid wood, but they were significantly better in price. After the victory, the liberating countries appreciated the economical and very convenient technology. By the 60s, chipboard had become the most popular material in the furniture industry.
In 2004, Europe alone produced more than 40 million cubic meters of particle boards. The main advantages of chipboard are low cost and comparative ease of processing. The slabs are made from pressed coarse wood shavings with the addition of a thermosetting synthetic resin as a binder. A valuable raw material for chipboard is any low-value wood, both coniferous and hardwood. Moreover European manufacturers maintain proportions - 80-90% coniferous species and 10-20% deciduous. The global trade market for wood-based panels will only be constrained by a shortage of raw materials. In a certain sense, it already exists; wood prices are constantly rising. The volume of deforestation is also increasing.
Thanks to the bureaucracy
A Kazakh developer is going to break into this market order that has been established for 50 years with the statement that his technology will make a number of existing methods chipboard production unclaimed. "Delta Form" is the name of a new material that currently exists only in samples of a few square centimeters in area. These are highly durable straw tiles. According to author Vitaly Khen, his technology covers a number of disadvantages of popular chipboards and fibreboards: moisture resistance, necessity additional processing surfaces, can only be used in a closed environment. In addition, these boards may contain phenol, which is harmful to humans.
The history of "Delta Form" began in the mid-80s at the Leningrad Forestry Academy, when Professor Gennady Tsarev found a unique binder for the filler - an absolutely harmless organic substance.
As you know, Soviet chipboard was of poor quality, largely due to non-compliance with filler preparation technologies. Soviet-made flake machines produced chips of different shapes, while imported equipment quickly wore out due to the barbaric attitude towards technology. The source material did not stick well and delaminated during pressing.
The binder invented by Tsarev somewhat reduced the problem of poor-quality gluing of dissimilar chips. At this stage, Vitaly Hen joined the technology. We agreed that Tsarev would deal with the scientific side, and a young specialist from Kazakhstan would handle the administrative issues. Wedge a rationalization proposal into national economy The USSR required remarkable energy. Soviet factories producing chipboards did not need a new binder in principle. They were afraid of the procedure for approving new GOSTs and changing technological cycles. The developers decided to promote the technology using a roundabout maneuver under the slogan “Expenses into income!”
“I started working on this technology in 1989,” recalls Vitaly Khen. “Then private entrepreneurship was allowed, there was an acute shortage of building materials in the country. We calculated that the profitability of producing our chipboard was about 800% at market price. It was necessary to find suppliers of raw materials." The inventors focused on timber industry enterprises. They, as a rule, have a large percentage of waste: branches, bark, wood chips. "I went to negotiate in the Vologda region. The director of the farm said that they have no waste, despite the fact that huge rotting piles of wood are visible. And he explains that we must work using waste-free technology, so we burn everything that remains. If you start producing something from this garbage, I will be fired or imprisoned,” says Hen. - A similar situation occurred in other farms. Most of all I remember the conversation with the director of the pulp and cardboard plant in Kyzylorda. The plant used Russian wood as a raw material, wood dumps were burned, and smoke stood throughout the city. He offered to buy garbage from them, and the director replied, “I won’t let you bourgeoisie make money from people’s blood,” and he continued to poison the city with smoke.”
Vitaly Hen had to look for other raw materials. The laboratory experimented with straw, but the results were poor: it often burned under hot pressure. Tsarev’s student suggested changing the binder and slightly changing the technology for preparing wood boards - they tested it on rice husks - the material turned out better in many physical parameters than chipboard. From that moment on, Hyun began promoting independently." straw technology". In the USSR waste agriculture actually not recycled.
“My technology requires straw with a high gluten content - this could be rice shal, cereal stalks, cotton, in general, the main agricultural crops of Kazakhstan,” says the scientist, “and a biocatalyst that turns the heterogeneous ground mass of straw into a single composition. Afterwards technological process The structure of the material differs from the structure of chipboard or fiberboard."
Straw bomb
The material was approved by a council of specialists. The technology was accepted at the Academy of Sciences, where Delta Form was considered a breakthrough technology. Among the testers of the “straw slab” was Doctor of Technical Sciences Nikolai Buktukov. "This material is three times stronger than currently known chipboards, environmentally friendly. Made from waste (straw, husks), fireproof. Burns if you only hold it over a flame. Lightweight, with good heat and sound insulation. In addition, it is approximately 2-3 times cheaper than analogues made from chipboard and fiberboard,” Mr. Buktukov lists the advantages of Delta Form.
In Belarus, Russia and Ukraine they produce chipboard and fiberboard with increased content chemically active resins to ensure reliable bonding wood filler. Clean ways production of wood-based panels (phenol-free) is on average 60% more expensive. Moreover, the production of high-quality resins is one of the components of the price of the material. In Delta Form, the price of the binder is determined only by the delivery of waste from the field that is of little value from an agricultural point of view. However, the filler itself does not have a nominal price. Now about the environment. In addition to the “pure” consumer properties, the base of the material is a rapidly renewable raw material - 1 year for full cycle restoration, which cannot be said about classical slabs, they somehow use wood, the maturation of which takes thirty or more years, and only part of the industrially developed raw materials is restored.
New physical properties In fact, the developer obtained the wood material by breaking the classic technological chain for the production of chipboard and fiberboard.
"Washing, drying - simple procedures, no yeast, no glue, simple technology demarcation, no steaming. All processes seem to take place in one cycle - under hot pressure in a closed circuit. During the processing process, the straw seems to be half burned, resulting in a super-compacted semi-ash structure, which as a result is not afraid of moisture. The material does not swell, since all the fiber actually burns,” explains Nikolai Buktukov. He believes that “Delta Form” can be used both as a roof and as walls.
"If you use this technology, then 1 square meter of housing European quality will cost no more than 100-150 dollars. Moreover, you can build both one-story and multi-storey buildings. The walls can be made from “Delta Form” - outer and inner slabs, construction wool is laid between them, the distance between the slabs is 5-7 centimeters. The plate itself is very smooth, almost like glass, which does not require special costs for finishing interior walls. The house will be durable, warm, and environmentally friendly,” he says.
The new material also has technological superiority. What neither chipboard nor fibreboard can provide in principle is the elasticity of the feedstock. “Before processing, the consistency itself behaves like plastic - absolutely flexible, which allows you to stamp from it immediately finished goods any shape: doors, window frames, chairs, dishes. You can even make disposable tableware 2 millimeters thick,” explains Vitaly Hen.
Marketing outfit
The furniture industry of Kazakhstan is completely dependent on the import of wood construction materials. Chipboard and fiberboard are purchased in Russia and Poland. According to Russian statistical authorities, Russian woodworking companies exported 31,356 cubic meters of chipboard to Kazakhstan in 2004. According to many furniture makers, it is unprofitable to produce their own slabs - raw materials will still have to be imported. Only 4% of the republic’s territory is occupied by forests, and only 1.8% is industrially suitable. Up to 70% of the required wood is imported. This puts local manufacturers at a disadvantage compared to Russian furniture makers. Domestic furniture makers have to work with more expensive material Due to transport costs, add a customs duty of 15%.
"Delta Form", according to Vitaly Hen, is capable of completely replacing imported wood-based panels - they are cheaper. There is plenty of raw materials for mass production. About 15 million tons of wheat are grown annually in Kazakhstan. The ratio of stem to grain is 3.5 to 1. About 50 million tons of straw can be produced from wheat alone. From one cubic meter of finished raw materials, Hen's technology allows you to obtain about 100 square meters. m of material 10 millimeters thick. Wheat raw materials alone have a production potential of 5 billion square meters. m of products.
“There is no need to build large factories; it is enough to launch mini-workshops with several lines with a capacity of 30-50 thousand square meters per year. Separately launch lines for slabs, doors, floor covering. One line costs approximately 200-250 thousand dollars, including minor modifications: my technology has a slightly different pressing system. Although if you produce your own equipment, it will initially cost less, technical solutions according to the equipment,” the inventor concludes.
Vitaly Hen prepared samples of his material using various equipment: in the laboratory of the Leningrad Academy, on factory machines, and also at home using blowtorch And homemade press. The technology has been proven. True, Delta Form has not yet been produced on an industrial scale, but the author is confident that his product will sooner or later become the most popular material in the furniture industry.
Vitaly and Olga Koval are looking for an investor who is ready to invest 500 thousand dollars in the creation of a plant in Ukraine for the production of environmentally friendly products
— My wife Olga and I often travel around Ukraine and see how much straw, rolled up by combines during grain harvesting into huge rolls, rots in fields throughout the country,- speaks entrepreneur from Kyiv Vitaly Koval, who, together with his wife, recently presented ready-made samples of disposable tableware made from straw and starch at the Greencubator competition of environmentally friendly technologies. — About a year and a half ago, I had the idea to start producing disposable cups and plates made from straw and starch.
I am an economist by training, I do business, and I have no inclination to invent. So I can’t call myself the author of environmentally friendly dishes. The technology of its production is as old as the world - fill the straw with water. When the liquid evaporates, the stems become compressed. My idea was to help the country solve the problem of pollution environment plastic and make money from it.
I started looking for a suitable and affordable press, then for a mold manufacturer. In the process of searching, I came across one foreign company, whose representatives suggested: “Let us build you a turnkey plant. After all, in addition to presses, you will need a processing line, a separator, a straw grinding machine and much more. We will develop all this especially for you.” I was interested in the proposal, I sent it to the company terms of reference. In response, they sent me ready-made product samples. Here they are (Roman put a glass and plates of different shapes out of the box onto the table). The lighter ones are made of starch, the darker ones are made of straw. By the way, the foreign company that manufactured them specializes in creating factories for the specific needs of the customer. In Ukraine, unfortunately, they have not yet learned how to work this way.
Now it’s a matter of money: I need from one hundred to 300 thousand dollars to order and buy a plant. Its cost will depend on what configuration and equipment performance I choose. Considerable funds will also be needed to purchase land to locate the future enterprise, construction, connection of communications, and purchase of two tractors. In total, according to my calculations, it will be about 500 thousand dollars. I am looking for an investor who is ready to invest such funds on the terms of providing him with a certain percentage of shares in the future enterprise.
When I told my friends and acquaintances about the idea of producing dishes that are harmless to the environment, everyone unanimously advised me to abandon it: they say, it won’t work. But I don’t lose optimism. My wife Olga strongly supports me in this endeavor, so the idea of eco-ware became a family one. To find out about it as much as possible more people, we have written applications for participation in several innovative technology competitions. We received an invitation to one of these projects - Greencubator. After we presented the dishes there, information about us spread across the Internet. Journalists started calling. Today, for example, in addition to the interview with FACTS, we have a recording on two TV channels.
— Have you tried this dish at picnics?
— Tests were carried out, but not in nature, — answers Olga Koval. —On the street they asked a guy who operates a coffee machine to pour boiling water into a starch cup. We brought water home. She was in the glass for seven hours. The dishes passed the test. We had water in a straw plate from nine in the morning until seven in the evening. And in this case, the experiment was successful - the dishes even became stronger.
One airline company took a small batch of our cookware to evaluate its suitability. The aviators were pleased and expressed their desire to buy eco-friendly cups and plates when we start producing them.
— What is their cost?
— Three American cents,— Vitaly answers. — I link the price to currency, since the plant equipment will be purchased for dollars or euros. In addition, I intend to export our natural products abroad. In the USA, similar cups sell for 25 cents - eight times more expensive than ours. So there is a real chance to break into the markets of developed countries. One company from Canada already wants to purchase four containers of our dishes.
Three cents is 75 kopecks. Plastic cups They are not much cheaper in Ukraine - 40-50 kopecks. So here, too, there are real chances to achieve success, because people understand: it’s time to give up plastic. Therefore, they will go towards additional expenses. In addition to cups and plates, it makes sense for us to establish the production of environmentally friendly containers for dispensing milk and dairy products, containers for vegetables and fruits.
There are no chemicals in our dishes at all, which, by the way, cannot be said about disposable cups and paper plates - it is covered with the thinnest layer synthetic material so as not to get wet. In addition, glue is used in its production.
Under certain conditions, our cups and plates turn into fertilizer in just three months. Whereas plastic takes at least 150 years to decompose. At the same time, toxic substances are released from it, polluting the air, soil, and water.
Photo by Sergei Tushinsky, “FACTS”
