Up to a ton of potatoes from one hundred square meters. We increase the potato yield per acre, exceeding the average yield. How to harvest a ton of potatoes from one acre
A business idea for growing potatoes brings profit even in the leanest years if you use special technologies. Potatoes are always a popular food product and are in constant demand. And the yield indicators of 50 tons per hectare force us to consider it from the perspective of business ideas. After all, this is one of the most effective ways get maximum profit from a minimum plot of land. That is, use the sown area as efficiently as possible.
In this article we will take a closer look at the concept of a business idea. Dutch technology for obtaining high potato yields. And also not whimsical cultivation of potatoes under straw. To create a break-even business, it is also worth considering technology long-term storage harvest.
High-yielding potato varieties
The best potato varieties of the 21st century in terms of yield are “Radonezhsky” and “Ryabinushka”. The tubers were tested by the state variety test. In practice, both varieties met expectations for disease resistance. Varieties yield up to 4.8 tons per hectare! The result is three times the marketable yield of different industrial varieties.
Mid-early “Rowanushka” begins to be collected already 80-90 days after planting. The tubers are oval with small eyes. The peel is smooth, red. The starch content does not exceed 18%. Has presentation up to 97% of the harvest. At long-term storage no more than 5-7% of the total harvest is lost.
Early variety "Radonezhsky" - high-yielding variety, having a high marketability up to 94%. The mass of the tuber reaches 140 g. The number of tubers in the bush is 10-15 pieces. When to plant early potatoes of the Radonezh variety? The variety is distinguished by its intensive early accumulation of harvest, therefore it is suitable for early and even winter growing. But when planting in warm February or early spring the risk of yield reduction increases. But it becomes possible to collect 2 crops per year from one piece of land. It has excellent keeping quality. The tubers are creamy oval with pinkish spots. The eyes are red and small.
Dutch technology for growing potatoes
Business idea for growing potatoes with minimal costs– Dutch technology. Her distinctive feature– when leaving, use a minimum mechanical processing. The Dutch focus on aerating the soil - they carefully loosen it, place the potatoes in ridges, leaving wide gaps between the rows. As a result, up to 2 kg of powerful tubers are obtained from the bush, which easily tolerate long-term storage.
Soil aeration is the treatment of soil in order to create maximum air ventilation soils so that soil air (mainly carbon dioxide) mixes well with atmospheric air (mainly oxygen). Carbon dioxide in soils is formed due to natural organic decomposition, and the free flow of oxygen accelerates intrasoil processes associated with the oxidation of mineral components and the decomposition of organic components.
In dense or waterlogged soils, plants develop poorly due to lack of oxygen. The soil itself suffers from this. But in loose soils you can get high yields.
In practice it has been proven that for Dutch technology It is not necessary to choose Dutch potato varieties. It is important that the tubers comply with certain rules: they have at least five eyes and are large (40-50 mm). In our case, these are “Radonezhsky” and “Ryabinushka”. Selected potatoes must be heated in a bright room at temperatures up to +180 until sprouts form. Then you need to reduce temperature regime to +8 and wait until the sprouts reach a height of 2cm.
Before planting, it is better to divide each vegetable in half. This will increase the yield. Planting should occur as early as possible, as soon as the soil is already well warmed up at the time of planting.
Planting potatoes under straw
The technology for growing potatoes in straw is much simpler and produces high yields compared to traditional way growing. The secret to the success of the technology lies in maintaining coolness and moisture in the soil around the clock, which is very important for potatoes. After all, at an air temperature of +22, potato tubers stop growing. Straw with your own thermal insulation properties prevents the temperature from rising, and the condensation formed due to the temperature difference maintains cool moisture, creating ideal conditions for potatoes. Straw insulates the soil from rising temperatures without interfering with gas exchange processes. Weeds also develop poorly under the straw. In the fall, straw is ground when cultivating the soil; it makes an excellent fertilizer.
Planting potatoes under straw is performed according to the following sequence of actions. Potatoes are planted in pre-treated, loose soil at a shallow depth of 7-10 cm. The top of the bed should be sprinkled with the first 30cm layer of straw. The second layer (15cm-20cm) is laid between the beds when the sprouts have reached 5 cm. And the potatoes do not require any more care. When the tops are dry, you can harvest the crop.
How to plant potatoes?
Let's consider the order of actions that contain simple tips For correct landing potatoes.
Rules for forming beds
It is important to form the beds from north to south for uniform, full illumination of the bushes. Great value The Dutch pay 75 cm to row spacing. Domestic farmers save land, so they leave only 40-50 cm, which makes hilling with loose soil difficult, developing roots are cut off. This inhibits the growth and development of plants. Insufficient hilling exposes the tubers. Do not neglect the dimensions specified by the technology: the row spacing and bed width should be about 0.75 m. The holes must be dug 8-9 cm deep, leaving a gap of 30 cm between them.
Planting and caring for potatoes
Seeds must be planted in the holes with the sprouts facing up. It is advisable to add a pinch of ash or onion peel for pest control. On top you need to make a mound about 10 cm high. No more than 600 potatoes should be planted per 100 m2.
After the sprouts appear, the mound needs to be increased, and so repeated according to the growth of the bush. Further care is weeding and watering. Watering is necessary three times:
- the first time - at the first shoots;
- the second - before flowering;
- third - after.
There is no need to water anymore - this economical way cultivation, least expensive. From Colorado potato beetle It is better to treat the tops before flowering.
Timely harvesting: beginning of August - for seed material, end of August - for food purposes. Important: first remove the tops, after 10 days - harvest. As a result of this technique, the tubers have a strong skin and excellent preservation.
Secrets of productivity
The main secret of the productivity of the Dutch technology is that the vegetable is not buried deep in the ground, it is covered with loose soil on top, which allows it to breathe. In addition to this fact, the yield increases by dividing the tuber in half.
There are many technologies for growing potatoes, however, as practice shows, the Dutch method is the most effective in terms of yield.
To cultivate potatoes using the technology of Dutch producers, you need a milling tool to loosen the soil. Domestic walk-behind tractors equipped with working milling units are suitable for this. For loosening and leveling, motorized cultivators are needed that can hill up and remove weeds.
Long-term storage of crops
A favorable environment for storing potatoes has a temperature of +5 degrees and air humidity of 85–90%. Such conditions can be created by a dry and cool room, protected from sunlight. The annual potato storage cycle is divided into 3 phases:
- After harvesting, potatoes are stored for two weeks at a temperature of +17.
- The fruits are stored for another 2 weeks, but with the temperature reduced to +12. During these periods, fruit lesions created during harvesting heal.
- The main period temperature is +5 humidity – 85%.
To control temperature and humidity in potato storages, it is better to use two sensors. One at the door at a height of 30cm, the second in the center of the room at a height of 150cm.
Important to note! Do not over-dry the air, as low humidity will cause the potatoes to turn green. This is the result of the process of producing the alkaloid saponin (a toxic substance). Green potatoes are being planted, but they cannot be eaten.
Sales of products
The average payback on a business idea for growing using Dutch technology is two seasons.
Main harvest distribution channels:
- retail chains;
- fairs, food markets;
- wholesale buyers;
- vegetable stalls;
- grocery stores;
- processing plants.
Income depends on the buyer and the period of sale:
- It is necessary to resolve the issue of storing potatoes in order to be able to sell them in winter at a favorable price.
- An important factor is the issue of environmental friendliness. If the growing process takes place on lands remote from industrial enterprises, previously untouched lands, not overfed with pesticides, inorganic fertilizers, the price of grown products can increase multiple times, as well as the demand for it.
Potatoes are a flexible, fertile crop. Low yields among domestic farmers are due to ignorance of biological characteristics, sowing random vegetables of low reproduction, and unscrupulous cultivation.
Non-compliance technological process is fraught in any industry. When growing the most common food product, do not break the rules! Your profit is in your hands!
Potatoes are the main ingredient in most dishes around the world. Its juice has healing properties(treats ulcers, burns, gastritis), useful in cosmetology. Growing at correct technique, good choice varieties are a profitable business.
In our country, a normal yield is considered to be 400-500 kg per hundred square meters. But in practice, the matter is often limited to 100-200 kg, or even less. However, 500 kg is not the limit - many grow 800 kg per hundred square meters, and some craftsmen even grow 1000 kg.
Soil preparation
The secret is that potatoes are a crop of loose soils, so the soil must be dug up in the spring. Large blocks of earth are necessarily broken. If the soil has been dug since the fall with the addition of sawdust, husks or straw, then you don’t have to dig up the soil; it will remain loose for a long time.
It is imperative to observe crop rotation, returning potatoes to their original place no earlier than after three to four years.
How to fertilize
Thanks to fertilizers, you can increase the potato yield by 40-50%.It is best to apply both organic and mineral fertilizers at the same time. They complement each other, since mineral fertilizers begin to act earlier. And then, when they “burn out,” the organic ones begin to work.
The organomineral system works flawlessly on any soil. But it is advisable to add them in the fall when digging up the soil, limiting yourself to 5 kg of manure per hundred square meters and 50% of the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers written on the bag. You will contribute the remaining 50% during hilling in the summer.
Seed material
The main reason for poor harvests, despite everything, is the use of degenerate seed material. If the seeds are of poor quality, no amount of effort will help.There is only one way out - in almost every city there are companies that import seed tubers from special nurseries. Then you can use your seeds for four to six years until the variety degenerates.
Only for seeds, potatoes are dug up before full ripeness, about three to four weeks after the start of flowering. By interrupting growth, we are laying the foundation for rapid development in the coming year.
Tubers should not be taken from under any bushes. Seed bushes are chosen especially carefully - those with rather thick stems and tubers of the same size are suitable for seed purposes.
When selecting tubers, remember that large ones are more productive than small ones. Even if they are cut into separate parts.
landscaping
Selected tubers for seeds must be greened. Plant them in a bright place, making sure that direct sunlight does not fall on the seeds. Landscaping is best done in the shade of trees or under canopies.
Tuber processing
Seed tubers after winter storage before germination, that is, 40 days before planting, you need to treat aqueous solution two substances, namely: boric acid(Boers) and copper sulfate.
In this case, boric acid (borax) is taken 100 g per 10 liters of water, that is, the solution has a concentration of 1%, and copper sulfate - 20 g per 10 liters of water (solution concentration 0.2%). The chemicals are poured into a bucket of water, which should be at room temperature, and mixed well.
Before preparing the solution, the boxes are taken out into the yard and placed on the ground in one layer. Next, the tubers are sprayed directly in the boxes until they are completely wetted on one side. Then the tubers and boxes are given the opportunity to dry. After this, the tubers are turned over and treated with the same solution on the other side. And dry again.
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Spring is the time to plant the main crop - potatoes. Many gardeners have the opinion that potatoes, an unpretentious crop, will grow no matter how you plant it, but this, of course, is not the case. If you plant it somehow, you will get a meager harvest.
Amateur potato growers are proactive people, everyone knows their own. They get up to a ton of potatoes per hundred square meters!
We want to introduce you to some of the most rational methods of growing potatoes that allow you to get high yields.
First of all, let us recall the generally accepted method of growing potatoes. In the fall, manure is added - 600 kg. per hundred square meters and they dig up the ground. In the spring, they dig up again, level and make holes in the rows at a distance of 30 cm from each other. 70 cm are left between the rows. Tubers weighing 50-70 g each are selected for planting.
If the manure has not been scattered since the fall, then in the spring rotted or half-rotted manure is added to the holes. It will take 200-300 kg. per hundred. It is recommended to add the same amount of ash and 5-7 g (teaspoon) of nitroammophosphate at this time. Sprouted tubers are laid out to a depth of 6-8 cm. The ground is leveled after planting. Before the emergence of seedlings, the ground is loosened again to remove the crust. Twice a season, after rain or heavy watering, planting.
For one hundred square meters they spend 22-30 kg. potatoes or 435 tubers. The harvest is about 200 kg. hundreds.
The technology of Vladimir Petrovich Ushakov, who works in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, is based on the use of manure processed into vermicompost and a particularly careful attitude towards soil organisms, which he calls “living matter”.
At the beginning of March, V.P. Ushakov punches holes in piles of manure with a crowbar all the way to the ground and by the end of April he receives a semi-rotted mass containing many earthworms and microorganisms.
Vladimir Petrovich begins cultivating the land quite late, from April 28 to May 15, when at a depth of 10-12 cm the earth warms up to 8-10°. He doesn't make garden beds. The soil is loosened to a depth of 15 cm with a fork without turning the layer, leveled and evenly marked over the entire surface for holes. Each hole is located in all directions from neighboring holes at a distance of 45 cm (according to the principle of an equilateral triangle). He makes them quite wide and 15 cm deep. He pours about 700 g of rotted manure with worms into each and covers it with a 2-3 cm layer of soil. Sprouted tubers weighing 70-90 g with 5-7 sprouts are planted at a depth of 6- 8 cm. Covers the top with soil taken when digging the next hole, without turning the layer over. When the potato tops grow to 20-25 cm, carry out circular hilling only once, leaving the top 5-8 cm of the tops uncovered.
None further care, including watering, is not required. V.P. Ushakov harvests potatoes no later than the second half of August.
Using this technology, in an illuminated area, fertile soil and under favorable weather conditions, the “Belarusian Pink” variety gave a record result - 1150 kg. from a hundred! The “Sineglazka” variety under the same conditions is 700 kg. On poor soils, potato yields grown using the Ushakov method are reduced by 2 times, and if the area is not very well lit, then by 4 times.
Spends V.P. Ushakov per hundred square meters is 40-50 kg. potatoes or 550 tubers.
The American vegetable grower Dr. Mittlider grows potatoes, like other vegetables, on narrow beds 0.45 m wide and 9 m long with passages of at least 75 cm. On the day of planting, pre-sowing fertilizer is applied to undug soil - mixture No. 1 and mixture No. 2. After applying the fertilizer, dig up the soil and form ridges with sides. Sprouted tubers weighing 50-70 g are planted at a distance of 30 cm from each other with inside sides. When the shoots appear, fertilizing begins - 4 times with an interval of 4-10 days. For this purpose, pour 450 g of mixture No. 2 in a narrow strip in the center of the ridge and dissolve it by watering. In dry weather, it continues to water even after fertilizing is finished. Watering is especially important when buds are formed and during the flowering period.
Mittlider potatoes do not loosen or hill up; some of the tubers sometimes end up close to the surface and may turn green. Therefore, during the budding period, it is recommended to mulch the plantings by 2-3 cm.
On one hundred square meters, Mittlider places 8 beds, spending 25-35 kg. potatoes or 490 tubers. From each ridge he receives 70 kg in the fall. potatoes, harvest per hundred square meters is 550 kg.
A resident of the Tula region, Viktor Alekseevich Bulanov, developed his method over the course of 8 years. In the fall, he contributes 600-800 kg for every hundred square meters. manure and digs up the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel (to a depth of 25 cm). In the spring, before planting, introduces the main mineral fertilizer. Scatters 5 kg over the soil surface. nitroammophoska (marked 17-17-17) and digs again to a depth of 15 cm.
The site is leveled and divided into strips of unequal width. After the 20 cm strip there is a strip 80 cm wide, then again 20 cm, etc. The direction of the stripes is strictly from north to south. Along the boundaries of 20-centimeter strips, directly on the soil surface, sprouted potato tubers are laid out at a distance of 30 cm from each other. On the resulting double rows of tubers lying on flat ground, he rakes earth from wide strips so as to cover the tubers only by 2-3 cm.
As the tops grow, the potatoes are hilled up at least three times (in the spring, in case of cold weather, it is recommended to hill up the young tops high).
Feeding V.A. Bulanov begins in early summer after the onset of stable warm weather. Three times per season, with an interval of approximately 10 days, applies linear meter double row of 50 g of nitroammophoska - in the hollow between the rows. Fertilizes before rain or combines fertilizing with watering. To prevent the fertilizer solution from draining, when dividing the plot, make sides of soil at the ends of the rows.
When the tops close together, he stops fertilizing, and piles the tops of adjacent rows on top of each other and hills them up so that a flat mound is formed without a hollow in the middle. Since then, it has only been weeded periodically, and in dry weather it has been watered (sprinkling).
Shortly before harvesting, roll the tops with a log and leave them in this state for about a week. After that, he mows it at a height of 15-20 cm, and after a few days he digs up the potatoes.
Per hundred square meters V.A. Bulanov spends 30-40 kg. potatoes or 590 tubers weighing 50-70 g. Harvest 600-700 kg. from one hundred square meters. You can get up to a ton per hundred square meters!
For the second year he has been growing potatoes using a new two-tier method proposed by Oleg Yuryevich Georgiev from Krasnodar region, experienced gardener with extensive experience Marina Yanovna Stein. She divides the area for potatoes into strips 30 cm wide with intervals between them of 60-70 cm. For every 3.5 m, she adds 8-10 kg. humus and 0.5 kg. . He digs up and makes grooves 8 cm deep along the edges of the strips on both sides.
In the first furrow there are potatoes the size of chicken egg lays them out at a distance of 30 cm from each other, and in the other at the same distance, but 15 cm away from the edge. Thus, the potatoes in the second furrow are staggered in relation to the first. He fills up the ridges and begins planting the second tier of potatoes. Having retreated 15 cm from the beginning of the first furrow, she lays out the tubers at the same distance of 30 cm from each other, but already on the surface of the soil.
In the second furrow with opposite side The tubers are also placed on the surface of the soil, but in a checkerboard pattern. The top rows of potatoes are covered to a depth of 3 cm with soil from the paths. So, in each furrow, there are two vertical rows of planting. One at a depth of 11 cm (8 + 3 cm) and the second at a depth of 3 cm, with one tuber shifted relative to the other by 15 cm.
When the potatoes grow to 10-15 cm, Marina Yanovna hills them to a height of 20 cm only once per season. The earth for hilling is taken from the paths. As a result, each ridge takes the shape of a trapezoid with four rows of potatoes - two rows at a depth of 31 cm and the other two at a depth of 23 cm. Each of the two rows does not interfere with the other, being in vertical plane. M. Stein waters and, if necessary, feeds the plantings only until flowering. The tops are cut off two weeks before harvesting, leaving stumps 7-10 cm high.
SITE SEARCH
A TON OF POTATOES PER HUNDRED
Method of amateur potato grower Nikolai Vasiliev from Grodno.
In the first year we acquire tubers of Adretta, Vesna, Karat and other valuable varieties. We occupy about a hundred square meters of land with them.
From the tubers dug up in the fall, we select the largest ones, with characteristic features for this variety, weighing 80 -100 g with the largest number of eyes. We place the potatoes selected for seeds in one or two rows under a canopy for greening, protecting them from direct sunlight. After 10 days, when the upper half has turned green, we turn the tubers over, and after another 10 days we transfer the tubers to the basement for permanent storage. This is how we plant seed tubers every year.
In the spring, 40 - 45 days before planting, we germinate potatoes. Tubers early varieties vernalize like this. At the bottom of the flat boxes, pour a layer of well-ventilated crushed peat, moisten it by sprinkling and mix, then lightly press the tubers into it in one row tightly to each other, with the top up. I keep it for 42 - 45 days in a lighted room at a temperature of 12 -15 ° C, and then, in suitable weather and in well-prepared soil, we plant it.
We germinate tubers of mid-late and late-ripening varieties for the first 20 - 25 days in the light, and then in wet sawdust. During light germination, we lay out the tubers in 1 - 2 layers and after 10 days we turn them over. When thick dark green sprouts form on them, we move them to boxes with sawdust.
We moisten the sawdust nutrient solution: for 10 liters I take 30 - 35 g of potassium sulfate, 2 grams of copper sulfate and boric acid, 0.5 g of potassium permanganate. We also pour the settled 6% solution (suspension) of superphosphate here.
We pour moistened sawdust onto the bottom of the box in a layer of 2 - 3 cm, lay a row of tubers with the sprouts up, then sawdust again, tubers on them, and so on for 4 rows. Sprinkle sawdust on top of the tubers.
After 7 - 8 days, short white roots appear on the tubers at the base of the sprouts. The soil in the area warms up quickly, but is still moist. Therefore, we lay the boards and dig holes from them 16 - 18 cm deep according to the 70x30 cm pattern. We fill the holes halfway with the same fertilized sawdust and plant sprouted tubers in them, sprinkling them on top with a layer of soil 3 - 4 cm. This layer quickly warms up and after 8 - 9 days shoots appear.
Before frost, we cover the seedlings with soil and then free them. If there are no frosts, then we carry out the first hilling when the plants reach a height of 15 - 20 cm. This should be done after rain or spraying the plants against late blight. Spray the plants with a 0.05% solution of copper sulfate (5 g per 10 liters of water). After 15 - 20 days we repeat spraying.
It’s a lot of work, but we dig up early potatoes 20 to 25 days before our neighbors. And the harvest is 800-1000 kg per hundred square meters. Potatoes of mid-late and late-ripening varieties sprouted in the light are planted in low ridges with the same feeding area as the early ones.
We spray it against late blight, and sometimes against the Colorado potato beetle with approved chemicals. The tuber harvest also reaches 1 ton per hundred square meters almost every year.
Method of Galina Poluyan from Minsk
We grow Temp and Adretta varieties. We start taking care of the future potato harvest in the fall.
We place the tubers with the largest number of eyes selected for seeds under a canopy for greening, protecting them from direct sunlight. After 10 days, turn it over, then fold it into wooden boxes and store separately from ware potatoes in the cellar.
For seeds, we select tubers weighing 80-100 g, and not 30-50, as many do.
Approximately 45 days before planting, we lay out the tubers for germination. First we germinate in the light at room temperature, and then in wet sawdust.
We plant sprouted tubers at two times: early and late. Early, when mass flowering of gardens begins, and late, when the ovaries on apple trees reach the size hazelnut. We plant potatoes in holes up to 18 cm deep. Before planting in the holes, add a mixture of the following fertilizers. For 1 bucket of rotted manure, take a glass of wood ash and a bottle cap with liquid fertilizer brand “B” TU6 - 08 - 608 - 82. Divide the bucket of this mixture into 7 holes.
Sprinkle the tubers planted in the holes with a 3-4 cm layer of soil. We hill the plants the first time when they reach a height of 20-25 cm, the second time when they appear flower buds. By this time the plants have a height of 30 - 40 cm. We carry out the third hilling when the first open flowers appear (approximately 10 - 15 days after the second hilling).
Removing potatoes late variety in the second half of September. In general high yield individual bushes yield 3.5 kg. There are almost no small tubers. And the last thing that may interest you: are there too many fertilizers or too many nitrates in potatoes? Analyzes showed that tubers from such a site contain from 22.5 to 38.9 mg of nitrates per 1 kg of raw tubers. This is several times less than the maximum permissible amount.
This is how amateur potato grower Nikolai Vasiliev from Grodno does it.
I started working on potatoes seriously about ten years ago, when I retired. In the first year I acquired tubers of Adretta, Vesna, Karat and other valuable varieties. They occupied about a hundred square meters of land. From the tubers dug up in the fall, I selected the largest ones, those with characteristic features for this variety, weighing 80–100 g with the largest number of eyes. Potatoes selected for seeds were placed in one or two rows under a canopy for greening, protecting them from direct sunlight. After 10 days, when the upper half turned green, the tubers were turned over, and after another 10 days the tubers were transferred to the basement for permanent storage. This is how I plant seed tubers every year.
In the spring, I germinate potatoes 40–45 days before planting. I vernalize tubers of early varieties this way. I pour a layer of well-ventilated crushed peat at the bottom of the flat boxes, moisten it by sprinkling and mixing, then lightly press the tubers into it in one row tightly to each other, with the top up. I keep it for 42–45 days in a lighted room at a temperature of 12–15°C, and then, in suitable weather and in well-prepared soil, I plant it.
I germinate tubers of mid-late and late-ripening varieties for the first 20–25 days in the light, and then in wet sawdust. During light germination, I lay out the tubers in 1-2 layers and after 10 days I turn them over. When thick, dark green sprouts form on them, I move them to boxes with sawdust.
I moisten the sawdust with a nutrient solution: for 10 liters I take 30–35 g of potassium sulfate, 2 grams of copper sulfate and boric acid, 0.5 g of potassium permanganate. I also pour the settled 6% solution (suspension) of superphosphate here. I pour moistened sawdust onto the bottom of the box in a layer of 2–3 cm, lay a row of tubers with the sprouts facing up, then sawdust again, tubers on them, and so on for 4 rows. I sprinkle sawdust on top of the tubers. After 7–8 days, short white roots appear on the tubers at the base of the sprouts.
The soil in the area warms up quickly, but is still moist. Therefore, I lay the boards and use them to dig holes 16–18 cm deep according to the 70×30 cm pattern. I fill the holes halfway with the same fertilized sawdust and plant sprouted tubers in them, sprinkling them on top with a 3–4 cm layer of soil. This layer quickly warms up and After 8–9 days, shoots appear.
Before frost, I cover the seedlings with soil and then free them. If there are no frosts, then I carry out the first hilling when the plants reach a height of 15–20 cm. I try to do this after rain or spraying the plants against late blight. I spray the plants with a 0.05% solution of copper sulfate (5 g per 10 liters of water). After 15–20 days I repeat the spraying.
I spend a lot of work, but I dig up early potatoes 20–25 days earlier than my neighbors. And the harvest is 800–1000 kg per hundred square meters. I plant potatoes of mid-late and late-ripening varieties sprouted in the light in low ridges with the same feeding area as the early ones. I spray it against late blight, and sometimes against the Colorado potato beetle with approved chemicals. The tuber harvest also reaches 1 ton per hundred square meters almost every year.
For 9 years, writes in “Narodnaya Volya” on April 27, 1997. Galina Poluyan from Minsk, I have never received less than 800 centners per hectare of potatoes. Most often it exceeds 1000 c.
I grow Temp and Adretta varieties. I start taking care of the future potato harvest in the fall. I place the tubers with the largest number of eyes selected for seeds under a canopy for greening, protecting them from direct sunlight. After 10 days, I turn it over, then put it in wooden boxes and store it separately from the ware potatoes in the cellar.
For seeds, I select tubers weighing 80–100 g, and not 30–50, as some do.
About 45 days before planting, I lay out the tubers for germination. First, I germinate in the light at room temperature, and then in wet sawdust, like Nikolai Vasiliev.
I plant sprouted tubers at two times: early and late. Early, when mass flowering of gardens begins, and late, when the ovaries on apple trees reach the size of a hazelnut. I plant potatoes in holes up to 18 cm deep. Before planting in the holes, I add a mixture of the following fertilizers. For 1 bucket of rotted manure, I take a glass of wood ash and a cap from a bottle of liquid fertilizer brand “B” TU6-08-608-82. I divide the bucket of this mixture into 7 holes. I sprinkle the tubers planted in the holes with a 3–4 cm layer of soil.
I hill up the plants for the first time when they reach a height of 20–25 cm, and the second time when flower buds appear. By this time the plants are 30–40 cm high.
I carry out the third hilling when the first open flowers appear (about 10–15 days after the second hilling).
I harvest late variety potatoes in the second half of September. With an overall high yield, individual bushes produce 3.5 kg. There are almost no small tubers.
And the last thing that may interest you: are there too many fertilizers or too many nitrates in potatoes? Analyzes for 1996 showed that the tubers from my plot contained from 22.5 to 38.9 mg of nitrates per 1 kg of raw tubers. This is several times less than the MAC (maximum permissible quantity).
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