Wick for a kerosene lamp. Where did the Russian stove and kerosene lamp come from in peasant life? A kerosene lamp can be created in a barn
Kirill Sysoev
Calloused hands never get bored!
27 Mar 2018
Content
For many years before the advent of electricity, kerosene lamps brought light into homes. The history of this invention has many interesting pages. Today, lighting sources based on the combustion of kerosene in air have limited use. Modern models such products differ original design, which can decorate the interior of almost any room. Today you can buy a kerosene lamp in a specialized online store with delivery by mail.
What is a kerosene lamp
This product is a lamp powered by the combustion of kerosene, which is a product of petroleum refining. The design of the lantern is relatively simple, due to which it was very popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. After widespread implementation electric lighting, such products began to be used only in places where there is no electricity, and by tourists. Sometimes a kerosene lamp is used as an emergency light source. It should be used as follows:
- A lamp powered by kerosene emits the most intense light if the wick is replaced at least once every 2 months. The wick should fill the entire tube.
- The new wick is first dried and only then impregnated with the oil product.
- Before lighting, the wick should be cleaned of carbon deposits and trimmed evenly with scissors.
- The flame height should be kept within 1-2.5 cm: a high height can lead to soot, and a low height can reduce the light intensity.
- Kerosene must be added regularly to prevent it from burning out completely.
Story
The first prototype kerosene lamp there was an oil one, which was described by the poet from Baghdad Al-Razi back in the 9th century. The lamp of that time was a lamp made from a container of oil and a cotton wick floating in it. Such a source could produce weak light and at the same time produce a lot of smoke. Replacing the oil with a petroleum product increased brightness and reduced deposit formation. Due to the high volatility and fluidity of kerosene, the design of oil-based lighting sources has been significantly simplified.
The first historical mentions of the use of kerosene to operate a lighting device date back to 1846. It is believed that Leonardo da Vinci also took some part in the creation of kerosene lamps. He provided the sample with glass to allow air flow to the flame, but at the same time tried to cool it with water - the glass could not stand it and simply burst.
The inventors of kerosene lamps (1853) are considered to be pharmacists from Lvov, Jan Zech and Ignatiy Lukasevich, who modified the oil model and began to use an oil refined product for lighting. In the same 1853, Rudolf Ditmar from Vienna proposed his design for a device running on kerosene - he used a flat wick. The design became the prototype for the first mass-produced kerosene lamp, production of which began in the USA three years later.
Another transformation was the so-called. "Auer grid". The luminous intensity of ordinary kerosene lamps reached several dozen candles, and the Auer grid increased the figure to 300 candles. This corresponds to the power of an incandescent lamp of 300 watts at a voltage of 110 volts. True, this did not help, because... the march of electricity became triumphant.
Device
A kerosene lamp has a simple design and principle of operation, which is approximately similar to an oil lamp. A flammable substance is poured into the container, from where it begins to be dosed into the combustion zone. The burner is sometimes equipped with means for removing combustion products and air supply, and flame protection. The latter is important element. To move and hang the lantern, the structure is equipped with a frame. A lamp glass in the form of a pipe of variable diameter is installed above the burner. Kerosene lamp structure:
- fuel tank;
- tube with cap;
- bottom;
- wick tube;
- rack;
- collar for fixing the concentrating cone;
- a bulb made of lamp glass, which provides draft and protects the flame from the wind;
- an insert that is necessary to adjust the position of the wick in the hole of the cone in order to increase or decrease the flame.
Types of kerosene lamps
On sale in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of the country you can find several design options for kerosene lighting sources. Traditional look are wick products with a ring or flat wick, in which liquid fuel rises from the tank to the combustion zone, thanks to capillary effect. Cotton is used to make the wick. Were previously distributed different types wick structures: with protection against kerosene spillage when tipping over, an air heating system to improve combustion, equipped with reflectors, wind-resistant, etc.
You can often find incandescent devices that are close in design to a primus stove, i.e. wickless heating device. The fuel in them is under pressure, which is created by a manual pump. It rises into the combustion area through a tube, where it evaporates and heats up. Then kerosene vapors go from it to the burner, where the fuel burns and heats the glow grid. These types of lanterns burn much brighter due to the complete and rapid combustion of the oil refinery product and the use of glow grids.
Traditionally, wicks and glasses for kerosene lamps are indicated in lines (a unit of distance measurement). For example, the diameter of the lamp glass at the bottom equal to 20 lines is 50.8 mm. A device with a wick width of 7 lines (approximately 18 mm) began to be called a seven-line. Kerosene light sources also differ from each other in operating time and power. The first parameter, depending on the model, ranges from 4 to 20 hours, and the second – from 5 to 400 W.
SPARTA
To make the best purchase of a kerosene lamp, pay attention to the shape of the bulb, dimensions, volume fuel tank and some other parameters. A popular option is the SPARTA Bat Lantern, which comes in a windproof design. The name comes from “Fledermaus” - that was the name of the German company that invented a wind-resistant lantern in the century before last. Kerosene lamp bat designed for lighting on outdoors and indoors. Outer surface the body is painted with weather-resistant enamel:
- model name: Bat SPARTA 932305;
- price: 319 rub.;
- characteristics: lampshade material – tin, glass bulb, protective coating housings - galvanized, width at the base - 11.5 cm, height - 23.7 cm, weight - 337 g, homeland of the brand - Germany, country of origin - Germany, equipment - 2 wicks, 1 funnel, light brightness adjustable, color – black or metal;
- pluses: protective grid, heat-resistant glass flask, stable stand;
- cons: flimsy mechanism, low quality.
FIT DIY
FIT DIY 67600 kerosene lamp is used for lighting small room in case of lack of electricity. This model can also be used as a source of lighting in the country or in the garden. The tin body is equipped with a flask made of heat- and impact-resistant glass. The product has loops for hanging:
- Model name: FIT DIY 67600;
- price: 473 rub.;
- characteristics: type – table lamp, country of origin – China, height – 24 cm, weight – 325 g, construction – metal;
- pluses: the presence of a protective grille, durable glass, stable base;
- Cons: flimsy case, costs more than analogues.
PARK
Another great option– wind-resistant PARK lamp, designed for lighting both indoors and outdoors. This model is ideal for summer cottage, to which there is no electricity. The case is durable, there is an eyelet on top for hanging the structure. Lamp parameters:
- Model name: PARK-235;
- price: 200 rub.;
- characteristics: height – 24.5 cm, tank capacity – 0.2 l, burning time on one refill (approximate) – 14 hours, materials – glass, metal;
- pros: convenient design, is cheap;
- cons: none.
If you are looking for a lamp that burns longer than its analogues, then pay attention to PARK-225. By appearance and the design of this model is no different from the previous one:
- Model name: PARK-225;
- price: 280 rub.;
- characteristics: height – 28 cm, tank capacity – 0.3 l, burning time on one refill (approximate) – 20 hours, materials – glass, metal;
- pros: good capacity, long burning time, convenient design, reasonable cost;
- cons: none.
How to choose a kerosene lamp
When purchasing a kerosene lamp, keep in mind that such a light source will not be able to illuminate large premises. It is ideal for small rooms(for example, in the country) and for use for tourism purposes. Main selection criteria:
- Pay attention to the case, which should be strong and durable. It is often made of tin, which may show signs of dents, but its use reduces the weight of the lantern and the cost. True, durable material can significantly increase the cost of the product, but in return you will receive a reliable and durable lantern that runs on kerosene fuel.
- Make sure that the base of the light is really stable, otherwise it could topple over in any slight breeze - causing the fuel to spill out, which can be dangerous.
- If possible, find out the volume of the fuel tank, because the more it holds, the longer the kerosene lamp will illuminate the room with light.
- The glass of the flask must be impact and heat resistant to protect users from direct contact with flames.
- It is good if the lamp is equipped with loops for hanging, a protective grille and the ability to adjust the brightness.
Man began by searching for fire, heated with straw, peat, firewood, dried manure, illuminating his home with a torch ,
lamp, candle.
Lviv is considered the birthplace of the modern kerosene lamp; it was designed by the pharmacist Ignatius Lukashevich in 1853 in Lviv.
Soon after its invention, new look lighting fixtures conquers all of Europe. Nowadays in Lviv there is a museum of kerosene lamps, , made in different years of the last century. Under each of them you can see brief description and the history of the lamp.
Using kerosene was much more economical than using candles or oil, and it burned brighter. In the second half of the 19th century, kerosene lamps began to be used in Russia. They appeared in Russia in 1861, and already in 1862 they replaced all other light sources.
We wanted to talk in more detail about the kerosene lamp that our teacher Olga Viktorovna Istomina discovered in the barn in her yard. The owner of this lamp was Sulimenko Maria Platonovna, who lived in this house previously.
Village residents said that they used kerosene lamps to illuminate their living quarters and courtyards when there was no electricity.
Our kerosene lamp is called a “bat” lamp, why did it get this name? In Germany, where they began producing lamps of this design, there was a convex bat on the glass.
The design of the lamp is very simple. IN metal container Kerosene is poured into which the wick is lowered at one end.
The upper end of the wick is equipped with a mechanism that allows it to move slightly vertically and is placed in a metal burner designed in such a way as to provide a supply
air into the area below the top tip of the wick.
A lamp glass in the form of a pipe of variable diameter is installed above the burner.
The flask provides draft and protects the flame from the wind.
Traditionally, until now, kerosene lamps, their glass and wicks are nominated for lines For example, diameter lamp glass at the bottom 20 lines or 50.8 mm.
Distance units V Russian system of measures
Dot | Line | Inch | Vershok | Span (quarter) | Foot | Arshin | Fathom | Versta |
Golden, leisurely light is reminiscent of family traditions. Such lamps are kept as heirlooms in many families.We have collected a collection of kerosene lamps from residents of the village of Peshkovo.
When the first volume of “The History of Russian Literature,” dedicated to “folk literature,” was published in 1908, perhaps for the first time a place for a new genre was found in a solid academic work. The idea that the ditty contained “purely modern images” was supported by an example:
I don’t want to sit with a torch -
Give me a kerosene lamp.
I don't want to sit alone -
Give the sweetheart here.
(A kerosene lamp at that time was the last word rural civilization.)
Now you can buy a kerosene lamp in our village store. It saves its owners during an unexpected power outage, and is also used by summer residents and tourists. After all, even samples from the 19th century work properly. How long will yours live? chinese lantern on batteries?
Tips for using a kerosene lamp
Kerosene lamp- a light source (simply a lamp) based on the combustion of kerosene.
If a kerosene stove or kerosene lamp burns for a long time in the kitchen or room, an unpleasant odor appears in the room.
The lamp will burn brighter and will not smoke if finely ground powder is added to kerosene. table salt(a teaspoon per liter of kerosene). The salt in the tank needs to be changed from time to time.
You should never fill a kerosene lamp to the top. It should be left about a quarter free. The kerosene in a lit lamp expands from the heat and can leak from an overfilled tank and catch fire.
At the same time, the kerosene in the lamp should not be allowed to burn out completely. In this case, gases accumulate in the tank and it may explode.
To prevent the lamp from smoking, before inserting a new wick into the burner, you need to moisten it in table vinegar and dry it.
The carbon deposits on the wick of a lamp or kerosene stove should not be cut off with scissors, as this is not easy to do, and any unevenness will give a “tongue” that will create smoke. It is better to remove carbon deposits with a cloth or paper. You can also use an old toothbrush for this.
At the end of April it got dark early in Crimea. In general, it’s no secret that it’s darker in the south than in the north.
So, it got dark early. And many processes, such as cooking, took place in the dark. There wasn't enough light from the fire to cook comfortably on the table. And, for example, on the shore of the same Manych we did not have a fire at all, i.e. not a bit.
All this time, the Trophy TSP19 battery-powered flashlight came to the rescue, which could be used both as a hand-held spotlight and as a table lamp. This light is great for everyone as a flashlight, but as a desk light it doesn't provide 360 degree illumination and I don't like the cold LED light. In a tent, again, it’s very comfortable. But on the table - no.
Upon arrival home, I planned to puzzle myself with this question and choose a device that would meet these requirements.
Returning from Crimea, we stopped in Tishanka for a few days to take a break from the road and relax before the journey. And, in fact, in the village, in my aunt’s barn, a brand new kerosene lamp was discovered. The fly, of course, sat, but the wick was never set on fire.
I immediately imagined how cool it would be to put a kerosene stove on our folding table. And it shines 360 degrees, and it’s also warm and has a kerosene lamp. Filling kerosene from a bottle is much easier than charging a battery from an inverter.
I received permission, and the lamp was packed and taken to Yaroslavl.
Already in the city I purchased hardware store half a liter of kerosene. These half liters cost less than 50 rubles.
I poured some fuel into the lamp and lit it. The burning has begun. Very active combustion. The soot was impossible.
I read what was written on the kerosene container. It said that this kerosene should not be used in primus stoves and lamps. It was recommended to use lighting kerosene KO-25. This was not on sale.
I felt the second nuance a little later. There was a terrible smell of kerosene throughout the apartment. The lamp, tied up in several bags, still smelled terribly of kerosene. Started bottle too. Due to the fact that I could not find lighting kerosene, I was not able to smell it.
The smell of kerosene put me off using the lamp.
I started using the Internet and looking for something that could replace kerosene in kerosene lamps. Several resources recommended adding lamp oil.
Okay, Google. I go to church and buy lamp oil. Half a liter for 100 rubles. The bottle says it is purified petroleum jelly.
We drain the kerosene and fill the contents of the church bottle. Let's set it on fire.
Lit. It burns, but much dimmer than kerosene. Doesn't smell. Doesn't smoke. It doesn't shine brightly, but it shines.
And it seems like the problem is solved, but...
But the wick was decreasing in size by leaps and bounds. This is a bad indicator. Probably, with the speed with which it decreased during the test ignition, it would not have been enough for the evening.
There is no point in taking a lamp on future trips. At least filled with lamp oil. Filled with kerosene too. We'll just suffocate in the car.
Friends, can anyone recommend any fuel for a lamp? Maybe there is some life hack?
Of course, you can also offer the option of going and buying an LED camping lantern, but I would like a warm kerosene lamp and one that shines, that the wick lasts a long time and that does not smell...
PS: not a single cat was harmed during the experiments.
upd: further fate and experiments with the kerosene stove here:
How to get to Polar Side in the game Klondike?
The Sacred Stone cannot be bought and cannot be sold, the Sacred Stone can be found.
You can find the Sacred Stone in the Klondai game in the Polar Side location, and you need to get to Polar Side by dog sled. Start from home station.
But it’s better to go by plane, you can get there faster.
You can get to the Polar Side location by dog sled directly from your home station (if the sled has been upgraded). For the trip you need equipment - a tent (created in the barn) and a sleeping bag (created at the Ukhta location).
If the sleigh has not been upgraded, you will have to get there either through the Eagle's Nest (in which case you will also need a rope ladder for the trip) or through the Wind Song (you will need a Kerosene lamp).
If you have an airplane, you can fly directly without equipment.
The airfield can be bought and you can get to any location at the moment!
Buy an airfield and you can get to any station at the moment!
The Polar Side location will be the 4th after the Wind Song, Eagle's Nest and Ukhta. In Ukhta you will need to create a sleeping bag, put it in a sleigh and ride on dogs - it depends on your sleigh, either directly or through the Song of the Wind and the Eagle's Nest (put a tent, sleeping bag, kerosene lamp and rope ladder). Everything is much simpler with an airplane - as soon as you build an airfield, you can fly to any station without additional equipment, but the airfield is only accessible from level 35 of the game.
In fact, finding an authentic kerosene lamp from the past is now very difficult. And if you succeed, consider that half the work is already done. But if you don’t have an antique item, then it can be made from a modern remake. Kerosene lamps are still sold in many stores. All you need is to give it an antique look. Of course, an experienced eye will distinguish modern design from a century-old design, but the result will not suffer from this.
First, consider what kind of lighting source you will use. As a rule, these are small LED bulbs. Depending on the type of lamp, finish the glass by covering it with matte paint if necessary.
To give the lamp an antique look, you must first remove all the paint. Do this carefully and carefully. If scratches suddenly appear during the process of cleaning a kerosene lamp, do not be alarmed. This will give more authenticity and a touch of time.
After cleaning, the lamp must be degreased and coated new paint, "antique". It can be hammer copper, patterned copper, or just red copper. The copper paint looks particularly good, giving the lamp a nice retro look.
And then all that remains is to put your new “antique” lamp in the appropriate shape, choosing a suitable frame. It can be wood, metal or a combination of both. The design options are different, from tabletop to sconce or floor lamp. Everything is limited by your imagination.
Well, examples of work are in front of you.
