How can you plant dwarf irises? Dwarf iris: planting and care, description. Caring for dwarf irises
Iris pumila L. aggr. 1753
Family - Irisaceae– Iridaceae
Global Threat Category on the IUCN Red List
Not included in the IUCN Red List.
Category according to IUCN Red List criteria
Regional populations belong to the rarity category “Vulnerable” - Vulnerable, VU A3cd; B1b(iii)c(iv); S. A. Litvinskaya.
Brief morphological characteristics
Herbaceous short-rhizome polycarpic. Height – 10–15 cm. The rhizome is thick, creeping, branched. The stem is almost undeveloped, the arrow ends in a flower.
Leaves are basal, broad-linear, bluish (length up to 10 cm, width 12 mm). The leaves increase in size after flowering. The involucre leaves are narrow, green, and leathery at the top.
The flowers are sessile, solitary, yellow or purple. Perianth tube up to 45 mm long, with three purple stripes. The outer lobes of the perianth are rounded, wedge-shaped narrowed at the base;
the internal lobes are oblong and somewhat wider, notched at the apex. The fruits are triangular, pointed upward, sessile capsules. The seeds are spherical. 2n=24, 30, 32, 36.
Spreading
General range: Europe: Central, Eastern (Crimea); Mediterranean; Caucasus. Russia: European part: Kurgan, Tambov, Saratov (surrounding the city of Saratov), Rostov (Bolshoi Bayrak gully on the coast of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, Sholokhov district), Volgograd region. ;
Republic of Bashkortostan; Southern Urals; Western Siberia (south); North Caucasus: KK; SK (from Lake Manych to the outskirts of Kislovodsk), Mount Beshtau (5.VII.1906, P. Tischevsky); KCR (Cherkessk);
North Ossetia - Alania (Sadono-Unal and Upper Fiagdon basins); the republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya; Dagestan (environment of Makhachkala (18.IV.1927, N. Vvedensky).
Krasnodar region: Western Ciscaucasia: Azov-Kuban district (environment of the city of Yeysk, pastures of Kolos LLC in the vicinity of the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, environs of the city of Armavir (1.V.1889; 12.IV. 1891, V. Lipsky), Ust-Labinsk (25.V.1966, student fees),
env. Art. Taman (24.IV.1892, V. Lipsky), shores of Kiziltashsky (21.VII.1926, N. Vvedensky), Dinsky, Tamansky bays, Art. Fontalovskaya, Sultan's graves, ur. Podmayachnoye (23.IV.2005), Tuzla Spit, seashore in the area of Cape Panagia - Kholodnaya Balka (fishing brigade No. 5), Salt Lake. near the village Yantar, env. Art. Blagoveshchenskaya);
Western Caucasus: Adagum-Pshishsky district (mountains Papai, Baraniy Rog, Shize (07/13/1925, N. Vvedensky), Mount Soberbash near Ubinskaya station (X. 23, 1960, I. S. Kosenko)); Belo-Labinsky district (Dzheltmes heights); Urup-Teberdinsky district (environment of Otradnaya station (1945, I.S. Kosenko);
Northwestern Transcaucasia: Anapa-Gelendzhik district (environment of the village of Varvarovka, the village of Sukko, the Semisam and Navagir ridges, the village of Vasilievka, Kirillovka, Semigorye, Vodopadnaya Shchel (9.V.2005), the environs of the village of Glebovka, South Ozereevka, Mount Eagle (Lake Sladky Liman), Cape Sheskharis (1.V.1988),
env. Novorossiysk (20.IV.1889, V. Lipsky), Tonnelnaya station (21.VI.1889, V. Lipsky), Chertova Gorka, from Novorossiysk to the village. Fake Gelendzhik, ridge. Markoth, seashore in Blue Bay in the vicinity. Gelendzhik); Pshad-Dzhubga district (mountains Mikhailovka, Gebius, Lysaya, Ostraya).
Features of biology, ecology and phytocenology
Blooms in April – May. Entomophile. Propagated by seeds and rhizomes. Heliophyte, mesoxerophyte, geophyte, petrophyte and steppe species. A species with a narrow ecological-cenotic amplitude. When grown from seeds, it blooms in the 2nd–3rd year, and the period of seed germination is extended over 4–5 years.
In culture it quickly ages and dies out. The percentage of seminification in culture is 60–80%, in nature – 40–65%. The pregenerative period in nature is 3–5 years, in culture – 1–2 years; the generative period in nature is 20–50 years, in culture – 5–6 years; The senile period in nature lasts up to 30 years, in culture – 3–5 years.
The development of a monocarpic shoot lasts 27–28 months. Field germination of seeds is 20–40%. Grows on rocky slopes, highly eroded humus-carbonate clayey, chernozem, chestnut soils, and rarely on solonetzes.
Type of zonation: low-mountain and mid-mountain, rises to an altitude of up to 1000 m above sea level. m. It is part of upland xerophytic vegetation, tomillars, petrophytic steppes, grows in juniper woodlands, in communities of Pitsunda pine and downy oak, on coastal cliffs.
Number and its trends
The population size on the shore of the Dinsky estuary in the fescue steppe was about 400 individuals (IV.22, 2005); on the shores of the Taman Bay, iris grows in clones, the area of which is up to 600 cm2 or more, the density of individuals per 1 m2 is 93 (45 generative flowering, the rest faded, many virginal; 12 generative, 62 virginile, 2 faded, 1 in bud state (22. IV.2005).
The population density on Mount Shize is 19–22 individuals per 25 m2. It was indicated as a species on the way to complete extinction on the Taman Peninsula back in 1927. A large number were destroyed during the construction of the CPC in the vicinity of the village. South Ozereevka; a significant part of the population was destroyed in the root part of the Tuzla Spit.
The number in the coastal zone of the surrounding area is decreasing. village Golubitskogo due to powerful landslides. In places optimal conditions can reach high numbers. In the district of the village. In Glebovka, 86 individuals grew per 100 m2; on the seashore in Blue Bay (Gelendzhik) - 32 per 1 m2, in Shiblyak - 78 copies. per 1 m2.
Limiting factors
Grazing of livestock, plowing of steppes, harvesting for bouquets, digging for the purpose of introduction by amateur gardeners, economic development of slopes, laying pipelines, resort construction, terracing of slopes for planting pine trees, quarrying for the extraction of rift limestones in the Tuzla Spit area.
Security measures
It is necessary to monitor the state of populations, limit economic activity in places of compact growth, optimization of pasture load, widespread introduction into the culture, prohibition of collecting for bouquets and digging up rhizomes, designation of specially protected natural areas in the steppe part of the region, protection of reserves. Markotkh, organization of the Utrishsky Nature Reserve.
Protection of the steppe slopes near the Tuzla Spit, organization of the natural monument "Cape Penai". Protected in the UK - category IV, status 3 - "Dwindling species", in Kalmykia, RO (state reserve "Rostovsky"). Tested in culture in botanical gardens Russia. Difficult in culture.
Sources of information.. 1. Tsvelev, 1979; 2. Mikheev, 2006; 3. Grossheim, 1940; 4. Shilova, Panin, 2003; 5. Fedyaeva, Abramova, 2002; 6. Fedyaeva, 2004; 7. Gorchakovsky, Shurova, 1982; 8. Shmaraeva, Shishlova, 2005; 9. Red Book... 2002; 10. KW; 11. Khubieva, 2003; 12. Komzha, 1994; 13. Dakieva, Khashieva, 2004; 14. Flerov, 1938; 15. Shkil, 2004; 16. Bush, 1909; 17.KBAI; 18. Kosenko, 1927; 19. Compiler's data; 20. Nagalevsky et al., 1995; 21. Bondarenko, 2004; 22. Personal communication, N. A. Don; 23. Flerov A., Flerov V., 1926; 24. Maleev, 1931; 25. Let's save... 1984; 26. Shevchenko, 1976; 27. Wild growing... 1979; 28. Georgiev et al., 1995. Compiled by S. A. Litvinskaya; photo by S. A. Litvinskaya.
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These flowers attract gardeners and specialists in the design of gardens and dachas with their exquisite beauty, variety of shapes and colors. And even despite the rather limited flowering period, bearded irises have long been favorites in landscape design.
However, not all plants of this species can boast of this status. Dwarf bearded irises, unfortunately, are undeservedly deprived of attention today. And it’s completely in vain: these flowers may well give a head start to their taller counterparts, since they can be used not only in flower beds and flower beds, they look great in rock gardens and as a potted plant.
Dwarf irises: description
These amazing plants do not exceed forty centimeters in height, although often these crops reach only twenty centimeters. Despite these rather modest sizes, their flowers are as large and bright as those of traditional types. And they are not deprived of a variety of shapes and colors. And even the “beard” so beloved by gardeners abundant flowering they are not inferior to the tall representatives of the family.
As a rule, two or three flowers bloom on one peduncle, but large number flowering shoots compensates for the density of the bushes. The only difference between these plants is the height of the peduncles and leaves. This is, so to speak, a miniature copy of traditional species, but this does not at all affect the size of the flowers. But the endurance and unpretentiousness of dwarf irises is much more pronounced. Small bushes open up new and often unexpected possibilities in the design of gardens and dachas.
Experts divide all varieties of dwarf irises into two categories:
- standard dwarfs - Standard Dwarf Bearded;
- miniature dwarfs - Miniature Dwarf Bearded.
Advantages of dwarf varieties
If you are interested in low-growing varieties of irises (you can see the photo in this article), you should know about their advantages:
- Already in the second year, budding of dwarf irises begins, which allows you to quickly create a beautiful flower bed;
- small bushes bloom two weeks earlier than their tall “relatives” and have many buds;
- Dwarf irises are distinguished not only by colorful inflorescences, but also by spectacular foliage, which does not lose its decorative effect throughout the season.
Popular varieties of dwarf irises
This variety of irises was cultivated recently, about a hundred years ago, but despite this, breeders now offer a huge number of varieties of these spectacular plants.
Wink
Iris dwarf white. Its inner petals are snow-white, and the lower lobes are bluish. The stem is 23 centimeters high; two buds measuring 5x9 cm appear on one peduncle.
Cry Baby
Irises are dwarf with large pale blue flowers. During flowering, the petals fade a little in the sun, becoming almost white. The stem reaches a height of twenty-eight centimeters and one or three beautiful buds appear on it.
Puppet
A magnificent lavender dwarf iris. Its petals have brown veins. The peduncle of this plant grows up to thirty centimeters and produces up to three buds measuring 5x11 cm.
Sapphire Gem
This dwarf iris, the photo of which we have posted below, has an exquisite deep blue color with a white groove on the petals. The buds are medium in size (6x10 cm), the stem is about thirty-five centimeters high. Up to four flowers bloom on one peduncle.
"Little Shadow"
The height of the bush can vary from 20 to 40 centimeters. Purple-blue velvety flowers open in May-June. The petals have a dark blue beard. This variety blooms again in August. Prefers well-drained garden soil. Dwarf iris "Little Shadow" does not tolerate stagnant moisture.
For active flowering it is necessary good lighting. In snowless, frosty winters, additional shelter is required. Used when decorating borders and mixborders.
Little Dream
A very delicate dwarf iris with rather large flowers (6.5x11.5 cm). The petals are soft lilac, the beard is blue. The stem grows up to 35 cm and produces up to three flowers.
"Cats Eye"
Iris with a very interesting color: dark pink petals with a large dark cherry spot. Plant height 30 cm. Leaves are broad-linear, bluish in color. When planting, the roots of this plant are slightly deeper and mulched on the surface.
The dwarf iris “cats eye” blooms in April-May, a little earlier than many species. He needs the rich nutrients light soils with a neutral reaction, sun and quiet places protected from the wind. Used to decorate terraces in spring, mainly planted in ceramic bowls.
Carats
The yellow dwarf iris of this variety attracts gardeners with the yellow-orange hue of its petals. The white beard acquires a reddish tint closer to the tips. This variety, created in 1994, is like a gold bar, filled with sunshine from the inside.
Growing irises
If on your plot you grew tall varieties these plants, then planting dwarf irises will not cause you any problems. First you need to select a site for planting. Dwarf varieties love space and sun; only if these conditions are met will they delight you with bright buds.
Create a flowerbed in the brightest and most open area where there are many sun rays throughout the day.
Soil
This culture loves breathable, nutritious and light soil. If the soil in your garden is not loose enough, we recommend mixing it with sand. Acidic soil requires alkaline substances: lime, ash, etc. Good drainage is essential, which will prevent excess moisture from stagnating in the soil and causing root rot.
Planting irises in the ground
Dwarf irises are planted in warm time year: from early April to mid-August. The advantage of these plants is that they tolerate any transplants well and take root quite quickly and easily in a new place. Having selected a site for planting, dig up the soil to a depth of about twenty-five centimeters and add potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen fertilizers to it. For one square meter there should be twenty grams of phosphorus and potassium and ten grams of nitrogen.
Before planting, iris cuttings should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate for two hours. This procedure will help reduce the risk various diseases. The seedlings are lowered into the hole so that the root collar is above the soil level. For the first five days, young plants are watered abundantly if the weather is very hot. Two to three hours after watering, the soil must be carefully loosened, being careful not to damage the roots.
The soil around the bushes can be mulched, but this must be done very carefully, given the fact that these plants do not like organic mulch, grass, tree bark and other plant materials. Coarse sand or small pebbles are more suitable for this purpose.
Caring for miniature irises
This unpretentious plants, not requiring complex care. In the spring, they are fed with potassium-phosphorus compounds before budding begins. They will help the plants form large and beautiful buds. To stimulate flowering, you should use the following scheme:
- nitrogen-potassium fertilizers are applied in early spring;
- after twenty days, phosphorus and nitrogen are added to the soil;
- When the plants bloom, they will need mineral compounds.
During the season, it is necessary to cut off the faded buds, and when flowering is completed, the flower stalks are completely removed. At the very end of the season, irises are trimmed, cutting leaves to 10 cm. Approximately every four years, irises should be divided and replanted. To do this, first cut off the leaves at a level of seven centimeters from the soil surface, then dig up the roots and divide them into parts. It is important that at least one or two leaf rosettes remain on each fragment.
Propagation of irises: vegetative method
This is the easiest and most popular way to propagate irises. We talked about this procedure above. It can be done at any time, but it is better to do this after flowering has completed, when the plants enter a dormant period.
Kidney method
This is the second method of vegetative propagation. Each annual link of the root system has a spare bud, from which a new plant can grow in the future. Each fragment of the rhizome is carefully separated, disinfected with potassium permanganate and planted for growing. This method is advisable when it is necessary to obtain many new bushes from a small number of mother plants.
When propagated by the vegetative method, irises begin to bloom already at next year after planting, but provided that they were planted in July or early August.
Propagation by seeds
This method is used in cases where a gardener wants to cross varieties and grow new hybrids. Seeds are usually sown in the fall, immediately after harvest. planting material. Irises are sometimes sown in spring, but in this case it is necessary to stratify the grains. To do this, the grains are soaked in water for several hours, then mixed with coarse sand and put in the cold for two weeks.
Seeds sown in autumn are deepened two centimeters into the soil. In spring, the first shoots appear on the surface, but the plants usually germinate completely in the second year. Using this method of propagation, you will wait for flowering no earlier than three years after planting.
Irises in landscape design
IN flower arrangements and in flower beds, dwarf irises look great combined with plants that bloom in spring or summer. If we consider the first group, then tulips, daffodils, imperial hazel grouse or Pushkinia will be excellent neighbors for irises.
In rock gardens, these attractive low-growing flowers look harmonious next to rock alyssum, phlox, milkweed, and Caucasian rhizome. Small irises are also good in the rose garden, because in combination with the “queen of flowers” this culture also looks very impressive.
If you decide to plant irises in rock gardens or rock gardens, keep in mind that these plants require quite a large space. Try not to plant ground cover and creeping crops next to them, which will simply “strangle” the beauty of irises. These flowers are suitable for creating ridges and decorating borders. Luxurious buds look especially beautiful on stone fill, sand, small pebbles or other decorative mulch.
Often, dwarf irises are grown in flowerpots and pots, in stone bowls and plant pots, as well as in other containers that are installed on a personal plot, veranda, or balcony. When planting irises in pots, ensure good drainage. Prefer containers with good drainage holes at the bottom. For the drainage layer, use expanded clay, broken brick, and small pebbles in a layer of at least five centimeters. It's important to cover drainage layer in any way non-woven material and only after that can the soil be filled in.
We told you about wonderful plants that will undoubtedly decorate any garden plot. They are unpretentious and at the same time very responsive to the attention and care of their owners.
Family: iris (Iridaceae).
Homeland: Europe, Asia, North America, North Africa.
Form: perennial rhizomatous plants.
Description
Iris (irris) is a perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant. However, there is a popular misconception that irises are bulbous. The leaves of the iris (irris) are sword-shaped, flat, thin, with a waxy coating, most often collected in a fan-shaped bunch. The roots of irises are thread-like, fibrous, and improve the structure of the soil.
Iris flowers (iris) solitary or in few-flowered inflorescences, individual species fragrant, distinguished by an elegant shape and a rich range of various shades, from pure white, yellow, blue to purple and almost black. The iris flower (iris) is large, consists of six (sometimes three) petal-shaped perianth lobes. The outer and inner lobes of the iris flower differ in shape, size and color. Garden irises (hybrid irises) and some others have multicellular hairs on the outer lobes - “beards”. Iris (iris) blooms from May to June. Iris flowers bloom from one to five days.
Iris fruits are triangular ribbed long capsules. Iris seeds are large, ribbed, light or dark brown, 25-45 pcs. in a seed pod.
The varieties of irises are so diverse that you can easily create an entire iris garden.
The most common types of irises:
Bearded iris (I. barbata). It got its name because of the outer petals, the bases of which are decorated with stripes of hairs, often standing out in contrasting color against the general background of the flower. Bearded irises are divided into three groups according to the height of the peduncle: low-growing, no more than 40 cm high; medium-sized, 41-70 cm high; tall, more than 70 cm high. The color of bearded iris flowers varies depending on the variety - blue, purple, bordered.
(I. ruthenia Ker-Gawler). Grows in low, dense clumps. The flowers of the Russian iris are not large, pale lilac and violet-lilac, fragrant. Russian irises are suitable for rocky areas.
, Siberian iris (I. sibirica). Height is about 1 m. Flowers are violet-blue. Siberian iris is very hardy. The leaves of the Siberian iris are narrow-linear, light green, and remain until frost. Siberian iris and varieties of irises bred on its basis are combined into section Limniris. Irises of this group do not have beards on the outer perianth lobes.
Marsh iris, marsh iris (false calamus, yellow iris)
(I. pseudacorus). Can reach 1 m in height. The flowers are golden yellow with brown streaks and bloom in May-June. Swamp iris (yellow killer whale) is thermophilic, prefers sun or partial shade. Swamp iris (yellow) is winter-hardy; spreads very quickly. Swamp iris (yellow) is used to decorate ponds (water depth up to 40 cm). Tolerates salinity.
Iris smooth (I. laevigata Fisch). Needs strong hydration. Smooth iris (smooth iris). Grows near water bodies.
Iris germanica (I. germanica) - iris with wide or narrow sword-shaped leaves that persist until autumn. The flowers of the German iris are large, on long (60-90 cm) peduncles. Flowering from May to the end of June. German iris (German iris) makes a good cut flower.
(I. pumila) is a miniature iris native to Southern Europe. Height up to 10 cm. Dwarf iris (dwarf iris), growing, forms small curtains. Blooms in May. The flowers are small and can have a variety of colors.
Iris ensiform , or Kaempfer's iris (I. ensata) is the most late-flowering species of irises. The leaves are narrow, 30-40cm high. The flowers of the xiphoid iris are flat with short inner and wide outer petals. The height of the peduncles is 60-70 cm.
Iris bristles (I. setosa). Very frost-resistant species. Recommended even for the far north.
Iris low , or iris low (I. humilis) - low-growing iris height 15-20 cm. Flowers yellow or purple. Low iris blooms in May-June.
Iris ostrogodny
(I. acutiloba). The flowers are yellowish-white, black-brown, with a brown network of veins, strokes and dots. 
Japanese iris (I. japonica). Based on the size of the flower, Japanese irises are divided into small, medium, large and very large. Based on the shape of the flower, they are divided into simple, double, and double. According to the height of the stem - very short, short, medium, tall. By flowering time - very early, early, mid-blooming, late, very late. Japanese iris flowers are purple-violet, in different shades. Reach large sizes. Weakly winter-resistant.
Growing conditions
The iris plant prefers fertile soils. Most irises do not tolerate excess moisture and shading. Large doses of nitrogen cause plant diseases. Irises will grow best on loamy soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction (p-H 5-6).
Application
Since irises are very decorative, their use is wide. Irises are often planted near the shores of water bodies. They are also used to create monobeds - iris gardens. Dwarf iris and Russian iris are planted on, in. Irises look very beautiful in combination with lupins, poppies, peons, bristly phlox, sedum and saxifrage, as well as bulbous plants. However, it must be taken into account that irises are not very competitive; well-growing perennials easily suppress them. Contrasting color combinations of irises are good, for example, it is better to plant dark irises against a background of light flowers.
Irises produce a sustainable cut.
Planting and care
Before planting irises, the soil should be dug to a depth of at least 20 cm, humus, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen should be added. Fresh manure can be applied only a year before planting irises.
The most favorable time for planting irises in central Russia is the end of August - beginning of September.
Caring for irises after transplantation consists of weeding, loosening the soil, fertilizing and watering.
Irises must be replanted periodically, otherwise individual parts of the rhizomes will be squeezed out to the surface, which will reduce the feeding area and the irises may stop blooming, the leaves will become small and the decorativeness will decrease. Therefore, irises are replanted every 3-5 years - garden irises and leafless iris, 6-8 years - Siberian iris, 8-10 years - yellow iris.
Some irises are covered for the winter.
Reproduction
Irises can be propagated by seeds and vegetatively. The seed method of propagating irises is used only through hybridization, so iris seeds are difficult to find. Irises bloom when seed propagation for 2-3 years.
Vegetative propagation of irises has become more widespread - this is a simpler method that allows you to get flower stalks in the first year after planting. This is how both varietal irises and wild ones are propagated.
Iris divisions are planted shallowly, superficially, slightly inclined, so that the bud is at soil level, and upper part the rhizomes were not covered with soil. If the rhizomes are too deep during planting, the irises may not bloom, and there is also a risk of disease or death of the plant. Iris is divided and replanted 2-4 weeks after flowering. Irises bloom luxuriantly in the third year after planting. Iris seeds can be purchased at garden centers, order irises by mail or online.
Diseases and pests
To the most dangerous diseases Irises include wet root rot, caused by bacteria. The first symptoms of this disease are yellowing and drying of iris leaves in late spring. Then the disease affects the young shoots of irises, they grow weakly, turn yellow, turn brown and die.
Popular varieties
Garden varieties of irises are classified according to shape, size, flower color, height and flowering time. The most common is the division of iris varieties according to the height of the peduncle.
Low-growing irises are divided into two classes:
miniature dwarf bearded irises (peduncle height up to 25 cm);
standard dwarf (peduncle height 25-37 cm).
Medium-sized irises are divided into three classes:
early blooming irises (peduncle height 37-70 cm, flower diameter 7-12 mm);
miniature bearded irises (peduncle height 37-70 cm, flower diameter 5-7 mm);
border irises (peduncle height 37-70 cm, late flowering, flower diameter 7-12 mm).
All varieties of irises with a peduncle height above 70 cm and unlimited flower sizes are classified as standard tall bearded irises.
For growing in conditions middle zone The following varieties of irises from the Limniris group are recommended for Russia:
- white irises - 'Snowcrest',‘White Suprl’;
- blue-violet irises - ‘Tikkun’, 'Caesar', 'Emperor';
- blue irises - 'Cambridge', 'Mountain Lake'.
'New Snow'- white iris with a yellow beard, large, fragrant, late date flowering.
'May Hall'. Single-color, soft pink, large-flowered, fragrant, medium height.
‘Winner’s Sack’. A single-colored iris of dark purple color with a white spot under a blue beard. Blooms profusely every year.
'Irish Dream'. A single-color, light lemon-yellow variety with a bright yellow beard.
'Merion Made'. Single color light blue with a slightly purple tint with a yellow beard. Very large flowers. Looks beautiful in the garden and in a bouquet.
