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Proper cultivation of cucumbers in open ground. Planting cucumbers in open ground and proper care for them When to sow cucumbers in the ground

Cucumbers can be planted in open ground, in glass and film greenhouses, under simple shelters. Methods for sowing vegetables differ in the depth of seeding, the distance between plants, and methods of pre-treatment. The technology also depends on the cultivation of cucumbers - whether the seedling method will be used or whether they will be sown immediately in a permanent place. The characteristics and qualities of seeds play an important role.

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Features of cucumber seeds

The fruit of a cucumber is called a berry. Many elongated white seeds ripen inside it. Under favorable conditions, they remain viable for up to 10 years, which is explained by their large supply of nutrients (pumpkin seeds contain up to 34% oil). The dimensions of the seed are characterized by the following criteria:

There is an opinion that cucumber seeds that have lain for several years are more viable and produce more female flowers. This is indeed true, but only under one condition - they must be obtained from medium-sized fruits. Unripe seeds in cucumber undergo post-harvest ripening within 2-3 years and increase germination. Fresh material isolated from well-ripened fruits taken from plants that were properly grown using high agricultural technology is more productive than old material. Such seeds remain viable for 4-5 years, and then their quality decreases. Therefore, material older than 4-5 years cannot be used for sowing - it will give a small harvest even with high germination.

Preparation of your own material

Cucumbers are cross-pollinated plants. To obtain pure-grade seeds, it is necessary that the crops the desired variety were at a distance of 600 m from others. In the countryside it is difficult to comply with this condition, so seeds can only be taken from fruits produced as a result of artificial pollination. Otherwise, the seed obtained with your own hands will turn out to be a hybrid, that is, it will not retain the characteristics of the variety you like.

You cannot harvest seeds after mixing varieties.

To artificially pollinate a cucumber flower, you need to select several female buds in July and isolate them from insects - cover them with cotton wool or paper caps. Male flowers are also hidden in this way, since insects can carry foreign pollen onto them. Blooming female buds are pollinated with material taken from male buds and isolated again. When the fruit reaches 35-40 days of age, it is removed and stored in a dry room for 15-20 days. The temperature during ripening should be in the range of +18...+20 degrees Celsius.

After this, the fruits are cut lengthwise and the seeds are selected with a spoon. Together with the pulp, they are placed for 2-3 days in a wooden or metal container with a lid and kept at a temperature of +20...+25 degrees Celsius. During this time, the fermentation process will occur, after which the seeds will quickly separate from the pulp. They are washed in clean water, the surfaces are removed, dried and placed in paper or fabric bags. Seeds should be stored at positive temperatures in a dry room.



Sowing in open ground

In open ground, cucumbers are sown in beds made on best place plot - well-lit, with the most fertile soil. It must be protected from the north wind. In cold areas, cucumbers are sown on ridges, which allows the root systems to warm up better. The period depends on the climate. In central Russia, planting occurs at the end of May – beginning of June.

Usually, cucumbers are placed in rows, leaving a distance of 70 cm wide. The second sowing option is with ribbons according to the pattern 90+50 cm, there should be 6-12 cm between plants. With this method, per 100 sq. m. m will require 50-80 g of material. The seeds are lowered into the furrows, after watering the soil, and then covered with dry soil and rolled. The planting depth is 2-5 cm. The lighter the soil, the deeper the seeds can be placed. In the south, multiple sowings are practiced to lengthen the fruit harvest time.

If cucumbers are grown on trellises, the seeds are placed at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. 1-2 pieces are lowered into each hole. Bush varieties are sown in a checkerboard pattern with a spacing of 90 cm in the row and between the rows.






Pre-treatment

Pre-sowing treatment consists of several sequential operations:

1. 1. Warming up.
2. 2. Disinfection.
3. 3. Stimulation.
4. 4. Hardening.

Seeds with low germination are heated in a thermos for 4-6 hours at a temperature of +50...+60 degrees Celsius or laid out in the sun for 5-7 days. Warming up increases germination and partially disinfects planting material. Seeds with a germination rate above 95% do not need to be heated.

After this, the material is calibrated according to specific gravity. To do this, it is dipped in a solution of table salt (30 g per 1 liter of water). After 15-20 minutes, remove the seeds that float to the surface, as they are too light and puny to germinate. Those that have sunk to the bottom (full weight) are suitable for planting. They are washed in clean water and dried.

The next stage is disinfection. Potassium permanganate is suitable as a disinfectant. 10 g of powder is diluted in 1 liter of water and the seeds are dipped into the solution for 30 minutes. After disinfection, it is the turn of growth stimulants. These compounds increase germination, increase productivity, accelerate the development and appearance of the first fruits by almost 20%. You need to purchase aloe extract from the pharmacy and dilute it half with water. Seeds wrapped in gauze are kept in the solution for 12-24 hours.

Outdoor cucumber plants will have to develop in constantly changing weather conditions, so the seeds need to be hardened. This procedure allows you to obtain earlier production without additional costs, increase the yield and increase the resistance of the vegetable crop to cold.

Hardening can be carried out at constant and variable temperatures. In the first case, the seeds are placed in the refrigerator for two days, where the temperature should be maintained from 0 to -2 degrees Celsius. Variable hardening involves storing seeds during the day at a temperature of +18...+20 degrees, and at night - from 0 to -2 degrees. This regime is followed for 5-7 days. During hardening, the seeds need to be kept moist, so they are periodically stirred and sprayed with water from a spray bottle. The seed must have a fresh odor throughout the entire hardening process. The appearance of an unpleasant aroma indicates that the process is not going well - the seeds are not mixed enough or they are located in too thick a layer.

Sowing in protected soil

For sowing in protected soil - glazed and polycarbonate greenhouses, hotbeds, film tunnels - take the largest and fullest seeds. First, the material needs to be warmed up; in this case, the plants will begin to bear fruit earlier and produce more berries. To do this, the seeds are placed near heating devices for 30 days, where the temperature is maintained at +25 degrees Celsius. Immediately before planting in the soil, the material is dipped into a solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 0.5 l of water) for disinfection. After 15-20 minutes, they are taken out and rinsed in clean water.

Then the seeds need to be kept in a nutrient solution. For 1 liter of water take 1 tsp. nitrophoska or the same amount of wood ash, sifted through a coarse sieve. The cucumbers are soaked in this solution for 12 hours, then washed and placed on a damp cloth for pecking.

The temperature should be kept in the range of +22...+23 degrees. Under these conditions, the seeds will hatch in 1-2 days. You need to make sure they don't sprout. The hatched seed is hardened in the refrigerator at a temperature of +12 degrees. A day is enough for this.

Seeds in the shell are not processed or heated.

The prepared material is sown in polycarbonate greenhouses and other protected ground structures. Pre-prepare the soil - it must be at a certain temperature. You can plant cucumbers in soil heated to at least 14 degrees. The soil is covered with a 10-centimeter layer of sawdust and bird droppings or cattle manure at the rate of 2-4 kg per square meter. m. All organic fertilizers spread evenly over the surface. Double superphosphate (40-50 g per sq. m.) is sprinkled on top of them. After this, the soil is dug up manually or with a walk-behind tractor, thoroughly mixing the substrate until completely homogeneous. Then the soil surface is leveled with a rake.

You can sow seeds in fertilized, dug up and warmed soil without any fear. This should be done in holes 10-12 cm deep. The planting pattern may be different. In wide structures, 100-120 cm are left in the center for passage. The distance in the row should be 40-50 cm, between the rows - 80-100 cm. At least 50-60 cm should be left from the wall of the greenhouse to the outer rows. Plants are placed in a checkerboard pattern - then they will be better illuminated and ventilated.

For successful seed germination in the cultivation structure, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of +27...+28 degrees Celsius. After the emergence of seedlings, it is reduced for several days to +15...+18 degrees during the day and +12...+14 degrees at night, so that the young plants do not stretch out.

Drop off at the room

In protected ground structures - greenhouses, hotbeds and film tunnels - it is better to plant seedlings rather than seeds. This growing method allows you to get fruits 30 days earlier.

For seedlings, seeds are planted at home, in the living room. This should be done 35-40 days before the intended transfer to the street. The room temperature should not fall below +20 degrees Celsius. Window sills, shelves, and hanging shelves are suitable for seedlings. The material is sown in the harvested soil in the fall. soil mixture, composed of turf and humus soil, taken in equal parts. You can buy soil for cucumbers in the store, packaged in plastic bags of various sizes. Distinctive feature purchased soils for pumpkin plants is that their Ph is 6.5-7.0. For most other crops, mixtures with higher acidity (Ph from 5-6) are suitable.

Seeds are planted in small cups filled with soil. The container can be paper, clay, polyethylene. The diameter of the cups should be equal to the height and be 8-10 cm. For ease of caring for seedlings, they are placed in a box. The soil in them is not filled to the top, leaving 2-3 cm to the edge - this is necessary so that soil can be added later. A thin layer of soil (1.5-2 cm) is placed at the bottom of the box. The space between the cups is also covered with substrate. Prepared and sprouted seeds are planted in each container, 2 pieces, deepened by 1.5 cm. When they sprout, the weaker seedling is pinched. After sowing, the soil in the cups is spilled with warm water and the box is covered with film or glass. After the shoots appear, they are removed and the container is placed in the brightest place.

Conclusion

Planting cucumbers is a simple agronomic task that even an inexperienced summer resident can cope with. In order for vegetables to sprout quickly, you need to purchase high-quality seeds in the store and plant them in loose, nutritious, well-moistened soil.

Subject to compliance with what plants need temperature regime Shoots will appear very quickly - within 4-5 days.

Plant common cucumber, or cucumber (lat. Cucumis sativus), is a herbaceous annual species of the genus Cucumber of the Cucurbitaceae family, a vegetable crop widely grown throughout the world. The name of the plant comes from the Greek word aguros, which means “unripe”, that is, at the etymological level, the name is based on the concept that a cucumber is eaten unripe, that is, in its green form, as opposed to, for example, a tomato, which is not eaten green. The cucumber vegetable has been cultivated for more than 6,000 years. It is originally from India, where it still grows wild at the foot of the Himalayas.

In the Bible, cucumber is referred to as the “vegetable of Egypt.” The ancient Greeks grew cucumbers, then the Romans, and cucumbers spread throughout Central Europe during the time of Charlemagne. From the notes of the German ambassador to the Moscow state, Herberstein, it is known that in 1528 cucumbers were already growing in Rus'.

Planting and caring for cucumbers

• Landing: sowing seeds for seedlings - in April, planting seedlings in the ground - in early or mid-May.
• Lighting: bright or partial shade.
• Soil: highly fertile, well-drained, low in nitrogen, neutral or slightly alkaline.
• Predecessors: the best are green manure, onions, cabbage, tomatoes. Undesirable - lagenaria and any pumpkin crops.
• Watering: the first time after transplanting seedlings into the ground - often, after rooting - once every 5-7 days with a consumption of 3 to 6 liters of water per m², during the flowering period - once every 2-3 days with double consumption of water for the same unit of area.
• Feeding: 6-8 times per season with organic and mineral fertilizers. Do not fertilize during periods of sudden cold weather.
• Garter: horizontal and vertical. They begin tying the lashes to the supports almost immediately after planting the cucumbers in the ground.
• Pinching: in open ground, to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots, pinch shoots above 5-6 leaves.
• Stepsonning: at the development stage there are 3-4 leaves, then at the development stage there are 8 leaves, then at the formation stage there are 12 leaves.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: aphids, root-knot nematodes, cutworms, mole crickets, tobacco thrips, spider mites, germ flies, wireworms.
• Diseases: anthracnoch, ascochyta blight, verticillium, powdery mildew, downy mildew, black leg, gray rot, black rot, olive spot and ring mosaic virus.

Read more about growing cucumbers below.

Cucumber vegetable - description

The stem of the cucumber is rough, creeping, reaching two meters in length and ending with tendrils with which the plant clings to the support. The leaves are five-lobed, heart-shaped. The fruit is emerald green, bubbly, juicy, multi-seeded, with a structure characteristic of Cucurbitaceae. The shape and size of the fruit varies depending on the variety.

Despite the fact that cucumber is 95% water, it contains useful microelements - iron, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium and vitamins - C, B1, B2, provitamin A. Cucumber juice is a structured liquid that perfectly removes waste and toxins and is beneficial affecting the state of the human body. Cucumbers are a source of iodine in compounds that are easily absorbed.

Growing cucumbers from seeds

Sowing cucumber seeds

Growing cucumber seedlings allows you to speed up fruiting in open ground by 2 weeks, and also extends the fruiting period. Even if you know how to grow cucumber seedlings, after reading the recommendations in this article, you will be able to compare your experience and knowledge with ours, and maybe you will learn something that you didn’t know yet.

Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in April. When properly stored, cucumber seeds do not lose their germination capacity for 8-10 years, but three- to four-year-old seeds are considered the most productive. Seedling material for seedlings should consist of full-bodied large seeds, which have been heated for a month near heating devices at a temperature of approximately 25 ºC. This does not apply to seeds of hybrid varieties - they do not need to be heated before planting.

Planting cucumber seedlings is also preceded by disinfecting the seeds by immersing them for an hour in an infusion of 100 g of water and 30 g of garlic pulp. After disinfection, the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth for swelling and kept at a temperature of 20 ºC for 48 hours, after which they are placed in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator for the same period.

Seeds ready for sowing are placed in peat humus or plastic cups 10-12 cm high, filled to the top with coconut substrate or soil, which must be prepared in advance: thoroughly mix 2 parts of humus, 1 part of sawdust, 2 parts of peat and add 2 to 10 liters of such soil mixture. tablespoons of wood ash and one and a half tablespoons of nitrophoska. Place one hatched seed in each glass, nose up, so that the seed skin remains in the soil during germination.

There is no need to plant the seeds deeply; it is enough to cover them with a layer of soil mixture 5-10 mm thick, after which the sowing should be moistened, covered with paper and kept at a temperature of 22-28 ºC. The seedlings will be ready for transplanting into open ground in 3-4 weeks. If you place the seeds not in plastic cups, but in peat humus or peat tablets with a diameter of 41-44 cm, you will not have to bother with picking, but you should note that cucumbers do not like this procedure.

Growing cucumber seedlings

Caring for cucumber seedlings involves watering, fertilizing, picking seedlings if you grow them in boxes, cassettes or plastic cups, and you will almost certainly need artificial additional lighting. When the seedlings appear, the temperature in the room is lowered to 20-22 ºC during the day and to 15-16 ºC at night and the seedlings are provided with additional lighting with fluorescent or agro-lamps so that the seedlings do not stretch out.

At the stage of seedlings forming two true leaves in the ground apply fertilizer for cucumbers of this composition: dissolve 3 teaspoons of nitroammophoska in three liters of water at a temperature of 20 ºC. And a day or two before planting seedlings in the ground, they are fed with a solution of 10 liters of water, 15 g of urea, 10 g of potassium fertilizer and 40 g of superphosphate, using this amount of feeding for about 2 m² of soil.

Regarding watering seedlings, then throughout the entire growing period it is carried out once a week, and the soil is completely spilled, and the excess liquid must be drained - for this it is convenient to keep the containers on a pallet. If the seedlings are growing quickly and you do not intend to plant them, add some soil to their cups for stability.

Picking cucumbers

Cucumbers really don’t like picking, so follow our advice and grow cucumber seedlings in peat pots or tablets, but if for some reason you decide to sow the seeds in boxes, then picking cannot be avoided, and it is carried out in the development phase of the seedlings having two true leaves . Before picking cucumbers, water the soil in the box well, then very carefully remove the seedling, trying not to shake the soil from the roots, and transplant it into a separate container, immersing the root and part of the stem into a depression made in the soil up to the cotyledon leaves.

After picking, the soil around the seedling is compacted so that the seedling cannot be easily pulled out of the ground. When transplanting, twisted and diseased plants are discarded, but it should be remembered that picking delays the development of seedlings for 5-7 days. If weather conditions and the level of development of seedlings allow, plant the seedlings directly into open ground in a permanent place. Or plant the seedlings in peat pots so that they can be transplanted into open ground when the time comes, along with the container.

A week before planting seedlings in the ground, they begin to accustom them to the outdoor environment, taking them out into the fresh air for several hours every day, not forgetting to first protect them from wind and drafts. Also, before planting in the ground, it is advisable to treat the seedlings for preventive purposes with Immunocytophyte or Epin.

Growing cucumbers at home

To grow cucumbers at home, you should choose varieties that do not require pollination; bush and medium-climbing cucumbers are best placed on windowsills. The varieties Domashny, Rytova, Masha, Komnatny, Marfinsky, Bianka, and the hybrids Claudia and Marinda are optimal for apartment conditions. If you want to get to New Year's table fresh, hand-grown gherkins; you need to sow cucumber seeds at the end of October, and if you need them by March 8th, sow cucumbers in January.

From the moment the shoots emerge until the first cucumbers ripen, it usually takes 45-50 days.

Before sowing, cucumber seeds are processed: disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes, then washed with running water. Then the seeds are laid out in individual seedling cups with a diameter of 6-8 cm with a drainage layer in the form of coarse sand or expanded clay and a light nutrient mixture filled with rotted organic matter - it is best to purchase a ready-made soil mixture for cucumber seedlings in the store.

The soil is poured with boiling water directly in the cups, then the substrate is allowed to cool and after that the seeds are laid out on the surface, covered with damp gauze and placed on the southern or eastern windowsill. Keep containers at a temperature of 17-22 ºC at night and 22-26 ºC during the day, protecting from drafts and constantly keeping the gauze moist. A few days later, when tiny sprouts appear on the seeds lying in the cups, make a hole 1 cm deep in the center of the soil surface, place the sprouted seed in it and cover it with soil, and cover the cups with paper or film to prevent moisture from evaporating from the soil. After emergence of seedlings, the covering is removed.

If you do not have the opportunity to provide additional light to the seedlings, you will have to, in order for them not to stretch out, lower the temperature in the room to 15-17 ºC during the day and 13-15 at night. Watering the seedlings is carried out as the top layer of soil dries.

At the stage of development of three leaves, the seedlings are carefully transplanted one at a time into larger containers - flower pots with a diameter of 25 cm or buckets, for example. Transplantation is carried out on a cloudy day, after which the plants are shaded from the sun for 2-3 days. As soon as the first ovaries are discovered, fertilize the cucumbers: in one liter hot water thoroughly stir 100 g of wood ash and leave for 24 hours, after which the soil in the pot is watered with this mixture.

The lateral shoots that appear on the central lash should be pinched. One plant should bear no more than two lashes that need to be tied up: the easiest way is to stretch a large-mesh construction mesh over the window, to which the growing lash will cling with its tendrils.

Water the cucumbers after the top layer of soil has dried early in the morning or evening with warm water at approximately 27-30 ºC. It is very important to maintain a balance of moisture in the soil, since an excess of it can cause rot in the roots, and a lack of moisture will cause the fruits to become bitter. When the cucumbers appear, do not let them outgrow, and then the next fruits will begin to form and develop faster.

Planting cucumbers in open ground

When to plant cucumbers in the ground

Planting cucumbers in the ground is carried out no earlier than the seedlings develop 3-4 true leaves, and the soil warms up to 20-24 ºC and warm weather sets in. Usually all these signs appear in mid-May. The area allocated for cucumbers should be protected from the wind and well lit by the sun, although partial shade is also acceptable. If there is a possibility of night frosts or sudden cold snaps, cucumbers planted in the ground will have to be covered with film, for which metal arches are dug throughout the bed, onto which covering material is thrown, if necessary. Also, close to the holes along the bed, a trellis is installed or a coarse mesh is dug in, along which the cucumber vine will climb up.

Soil for cucumbers

The soil for cucumbers should be drained, highly fertile, and low in nitrogen. Acidic soil must be limed before planting seedlings. Cucumbers grow best in a soil mixture of 6 parts peat, to which one part each of humus, sawdust and turf soil is added, but in principle any soil is suitable for cucumbers. The main thing is that it is loose and warm, and for this you need to arrange beds for cucumbers 25 cm high, directed from east to west with a slight slope to the south. A day before planting cucumbers, the formed beds are watered with a solution of a teaspoon of copper sulfate in 10 liters of almost boiling water, spending three liters per 1 m².

The best predecessors for cucumbers are green manure, tomatoes, onions and cabbage, but plants such as pumpkin, watermelon, melon, zucchini, zucchini, lagenaria and other pumpkin plants are undesirable as predecessors for cucumbers.

How to plant cucumbers in open ground

How to plant cucumber seedlings and do you need to fertilize the soil on the site before doing so? Because root system in cucumbers it is unbranched, fertilizers are applied directly during planting: holes are made in the beds 40 cm deep at a distance of 60 cm from each other, a layer of soil mixed with compost or humus is poured into them, then a layer of fertile soil without fertilizer is added, and the seedlings are transferred to it With earthen lump or place a peat pot with seedlings in the hole, fill the hole with soil and water at the rate of 3 liters of water per plant.

In the future, the area with cucumbers can be mulched with peat or grass, which will attract earthworms to the area, supplying the soil with humus, or you can cover the rows with black ground cover material to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the surface of the area and slightly increase the soil temperature.

Growing in a greenhouse

To grow early cucumbers in a greenhouse use hybrid varieties for indoor ground, such as Ant, Marinda, Tvixie, Halli, Murashko, Bidretta and Buyan. In order to get a harvest of cucumbers as early as possible, manure beds are arranged in the greenhouse, which are called hot, or compost beds are called warm.

If you have fresh cow manure, place it in high bed in a greenhouse, and cover the top with a layer of fertile soil at least 25 cm thick and water it abundantly, then spread cucumber seeds at the rate of 4 plants per m². Seeds of hybrid varieties do not require pre-sowing treatment. Cucumber seeds are planted 1-2 cm deep, after which supporting arches are installed on the bed, on which light-colored covering material is laid.

Thanks to manure warming the soil, the first shoots appear within 3-4 days. During the day, you need to briefly raise the shelter to ventilate the seedlings. Monitor the temperature of the soil and air in the greenhouse - it can change greatly and unexpectedly with the weather. Optimal temperature for the development of seedlings in the greenhouse 18-30 ºC. If the temperature rises higher, the cucumbers will simply burn. In addition to lower heating of the bed, seedlings may need additional lighting.

If you don’t have manure, instead of a hot bed, you can make a warm one using the same principle, only under the soil layer in this case you place garden compost instead of manure. Since the soil temperature will not be so high, planting cucumbers in a greenhouse is done with already sprouted seeds, directly in peat cups or tablets. In cold regions, it is better to arrange manure beds, but in warmer areas, compost beds will suffice. Further care Cucumbers in a greenhouse are cared for in the same way as plants in open ground.

Cucumber care

How to grow cucumbers

The first time after planting in the ground, cucumber seedlings need frequent watering and shading from the sun's rays, and in the event of a sharp cold snap, they will need shelter - when the temperature drops to 15 ºC, cucumbers slow down their growth, and at 10 ºC, development stops altogether. After watering, it is advisable to loosen the soil in the area while simultaneously hilling the bushes, but this must be done carefully, since the root system of cucumbers is located in top layer soil. Mulch covering the area allows you to loosen the soil less often or without loosening the soil at all, and also reduces the need for frequent watering and inhibits the growth of weeds. It is advisable to pinch cucumbers for open ground above 5-6 leaves to stimulate the growth of side vines.

Watering cucumbers

Before flowering, cucumbers are watered every 5-7 days at a rate of 3 to 6 liters per m². When flowering begins, cucumbers need to be watered more often (once every 2-3 days) and more abundantly (6-12 liters per 1 m²). Watering is carried out with settled warm water (about 25 ºC) early in the morning or in the evening. If the water is poorly absorbed into the soil, make punctures in the rows with a pitchfork to a depth of 10-15 cm - the water should soak the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm. You need to water the cucumbers at the root, trying not to get on the leaves.

To prevent the stream of water from eroding the soil and exposing the roots, watering is carried out with a watering can with a splitter attachment. The main thing in watering is balance: Remember that due to insufficient moisture, cucumbers grow bitter, and excess moisture causes fungal diseases, so before watering cucumbers, make sure that they really need it.

How to tie cucumbers

Growing cucumbers in open ground is carried out in two ways - horizontal or vertical. Among the vertical methods there are several witty and even exotic ones. For example, growing cucumbers in holey barrels, in plastic bags, in a hut or under black film. Since cucumbers are a vine, they need staking, a procedure that saves space, avoids infection with certain diseases and makes harvesting easier. Cucumbers begin to be tied to a support in the development phase of 3-4 leaves, in fact almost immediately after planting in open ground.

Like the methods of growing cucumbers, garter can also be horizontal or vertical. At horizontal way ties between two-meter posts driven in at the beginning and end of the row stretch several rows of strong rope or wire along which the lashes will rise as they grow.

Vertical method involves installing a U-shaped structure on the garden bed, which consists of two dug-in strong vertical supports with a wire stretched between their upper points, to which ropes will be tied, entwining the stems of the cucumbers growing below. These ropes can be pulled up as the lashes grow, but there is no need to pull them tightly. Instead of ropes, it is better to use wide ribbons of fabric - they will not injure the plants in strong winds. The cucumber lash is grabbed with a rope loop under the first or second leaf.

How to form a cucumber bush

Since cucumbers are divided into varieties with strong, moderate and limited lateral branching, this should be taken into account when planting seedlings on the site: the more branched the variety, the less often the bushes should be planted. Varieties with strong branching require shaping, which must be carried out in a timely manner and in stages. At the first stage, when the plant has only 3-4 leaves, you need to remove all the stepsons and ovaries up to the fourth leaf, so that the plant spends its energy exclusively on the formation of the root system. When the seedling has already developed 8 leaves, leave one ovary on the branches from the fourth to the eighth leaf, and pinch the next branch after it.

Repeat this procedure from the eighth leaf to the twelfth, leaving two ovaries each and removing the remaining side branch. As a result, the bush will take the shape of an inverted Christmas tree, which will allow it to better absorb nutrition and develop, and will also have a positive effect on the quality and quantity of fruits.

Feeding cucumbers

In order for cucumbers to grow healthy and large, they are fed on average 6-8 times per season. The first feeding is carried out at the beginning of flowering, and each subsequent one two weeks after the previous one. How to fertilize cucumbers? Of the organics, cucumbers take the solution best bird droppings in a ratio of 1:25 or mullein 1:10. Solution consumption – 4-6 liters per 1 m². Fertilizers are applied over the moistened soil, trying not to get on the leaves and stems of plants. Do not fertilize cucumbers during periods of sudden cold snap, since heat-loving crops are unable to absorb nutrients at low temperatures.

Processing cucumbers

Readers sometimes complain that ground cucumbers are often susceptible to fungal diseases and ask how to treat cucumbers in order to increase their immunity to various rots. We offer you a folk method that increases the resistance of cucumbers to diseases. Lubricate the lower 10 cm of the stems of cucumbers growing vertically with iodine or brilliant green diluted with water in a ratio of 1:2 - plants treated in this way do not need fungicides. To protect cucumbers from rot, plants are treated preventively with a solution of 10 ml of iodine in 10 liters of water.

Pests and diseases of cucumbers

The fight against diseases of cucumbers and their pests is too serious a topic to be covered in one section, so we will provide detailed information about all cucumber enemies in a separate article. In it we will also talk about why cucumbers dry out, why cucumbers turn yellow, and how to treat cucumbers if they are infected with a particular disease. Now let’s just name the diseases and pests that you will have to deal with if you begin to neglect the rules of growing and caring for cucumbers. So, what are the diseases of cucumbers?

Among the diseases that pose a danger to cucumbers are anthracnose, bacteriosis, ascochyta blight, verticillium, powdery mildew (true and downy), black leg, black mold, gray rot, olive and brown spots and ring mosaic.

There are also a lot of insects that can harm cucumbers: aphids, root-knot nematodes, mole crickets, cutworms, sprout flies, tobacco thrips, spider mite and wireworm.

Slugs are also a danger.

To combat diseases and pests of vegetable plants used for food, it is advisable not to use chemicals, especially at the stage of fruit formation and development. There are many time-tested folk ways to get rid of this kind of trouble, and we will definitely tell you about them.

Collection and storage of cucumbers

Cucumbers are harvested as they ripen, and when fruiting begins, this must be done at least once every two days, otherwise the cucumbers overgrow, turn yellow and prevent the formation of new greens. In addition to collecting ripe fruits, it is necessary to remove all unsuccessful and ugly fruits. The more often you remove green plants, the more abundantly new ones will grow. Since cucumbers measuring 8-12 cm are used for canning, for pickling - from 8 to 18 cm, and even more are suitable for salad large cucumbers, the frequency of collection can be adjusted to the number of fruits for the intended purpose.

For example, when harvesting greens every day, cucumbers for canning will begin to grow intensively; when harvesting once every two days, there will be more raw materials for pickling. After the first frost, all the fruits will have to be collected.

You need to pick the cucumbers early in the morning or in the evening in such a way that the stalk remains on the vine, so it is better to cut the cucumbers rather than pull or tug. When taking out a cucumber growing in the depths of the bush, try not to turn over the vines. Do not keep the collected fruits in the sun; immediately place them in cool shade. Fresh cucumbers, unfortunately, do not last long, which is why they are pickled and salted in large quantities, but green cucumbers can last for a week or two if handled correctly.

You can place the cucumbers in a pot of water and store them there for up to ten days, covering them tightly with a lid and changing the water daily. You can lightly beat the egg white, coat cleanly washed cucumbers with it and let this coating dry - after this treatment, the cucumbers can be stored without putting them in the refrigerator. It is good to store cucumbers in a village or country house if there is a deep stream nearby that does not freeze in winter: thick-skinned cucumbers are placed in a barrel and lowered into running water. With this storage method, cucumbers will be fresh until mid-winter.

Types and varieties of cucumbers

According to their intended purpose, cucumber varieties are divided into salad, canning and universal. Canned cucumber varieties have thin skin, they differ increased content sugars, which is very important when salting and canning. The rougher and thicker skin of salad varieties prevents brine and marinade from penetrating into the vegetable, but these cucumbers are much tastier fresh than canned greens. Versatile cucumbers can be canned or eaten fresh.

Canned cucumbers include the following varieties: Business, Brigantina, Rodnichok, Favorit, Voronezhsky, Zasolochny, Urozhayny 86, Nadezhny, Nezhinsky local, Competitor, Cascade.

Salad varieties: Adam, Graceful, Movir, Saltan, Phoenix, Parade, Synthesis, Rzhavsky local.

Universal varieties of cucumbers: Stork, Epilogue, Marinda, Regia, Duet, Cruise, Crane, Farmer, Sagittarius, Moravian gherkin, Khabar and others.

According to the ripening period, cucumbers are divided into early-ripening varieties, which ripen in 32-45 days, mid-ripening varieties, which require 40 to 45 days for full maturity, and late-ripening varieties, which ripen up to 50 days or longer.

Early varieties and hybrids include: Liliput, Graceful, Zabiyaka, Emelya, Zadavaka, Vyuga.

Medium-ripe varieties of cucumbers: Picas, Atlet, Stepnoy, Solnechny, Unity, Dalnevostochny 27, Competitor, Topolek.

Late varieties: Nezhinsky, Phoenix, Khrust, Secret, Chinese climbing, Spring, Chinese miracle, Parisian, Mother-in-law.

Cucumbers are divided into hybrids and varieties: hybrids with seed propagation do not retain their properties like varietal cucumbers, which are capable of transmitting the characteristics of the variety through several generations. But hybrids begin to bear fruit earlier and more abundantly; in addition, they are stored longer and turn yellow much later than varietal cucumbers, so the seeds of hybrids are more valuable and an order of magnitude more expensive than the seeds of varietal cucumbers.

Hybrid varieties include: Buyan, Marinda, Othello, Parker, Regina, Pasadena, Business, Ajax, Brigantina, German, Emelya, Katyusha, Lastochka, Faithful Friends and others.

According to the type of pollination, cucumbers are divided into bee-pollinated, which are grown in open ground, and self-pollinated, or parthenocarpic, grown both in greenhouses and in the garden.

Bee-pollinated varieties of cucumbers: Atlet, Zhuravlenok, Zastolny, Izyashny, Lyubimchik, Slavyansky, Katyusha, Konkurent, Casanova, Nugget, Lastochka and others.

Self-pollinating varieties: Adam, Aelita, Stella, Yuventa, Russian style, Romance, Picnic, Navruz, Marta, Pasadena, Voyage, Danila, Amazon, White Angel and others.

Based on the size of the greens, cucumbers are divided into gherkins, whose length is no more than 8 cm, and salad-type cucumbers, intended to be eaten raw.

Gherkin varieties include varieties of German selection: Adam, Graceful, Othello, Libelle and others.

According to the nature of the surface, cucumbers are small-tubercular and large-tubercular, and the spines on them can be white or black.

White-thorned salad varieties: Emerald Stream, Chinese Snakes, Chinese Heat-Resistant.

Black-thorn pickling varieties: Nightingale, Real Colonel, Salting, Liliput, Aquarius and others.

If you are interested exotic varieties and hybrids, there are many of them among cucumbers. For example:

Chinese long-fruited cucumbers

the stem of which reaches 3.5 m in length, and the fruits - from 40 to 90 cm, however, they amaze not only with their size and excellent taste, but also with their ease of cultivation, ease of care and high yield. The most common varieties: Chinese miracle, Chinese long-fruited, Chinese farmer's, Chinese white, Emerald flow, Lio Ming, Chinese disease-resistant;

Armenian cucumbers

have very unusual look: ribbed fruits up to 50 cm long and weighing up to a kilogram are covered with silver-white fluff. The stems of Armenian cucumbers reach a length of 4 meters. This curiosity is grown both in open ground and in greenhouses. Varieties: Silver melon, White Bogatyr, Melon Flehu-ozus;

Italian cucumbers

They are called so because they are the result of the work of Italian breeders. Outwardly, they are similar to Armenian cucumbers - they are also ribbed. But the color of the peel, depending on the variety, can be light green, like the Waterbuzze variety, or Tortorello, whose taste simultaneously resembles both watermelon and cucumber, or dark green, which over time becomes orange-yellow, like the Barrese variety, cucumber with watermelon flavor;

Crystal Apple

English breeders managed to develop an amazing cucumber hybrid that looks more like a lemon, although it tastes like an ordinary cucumber. For some reason this miracle is called the Crystal Apple. These lemon-cucumbers, called apples, grow on a six-meter stem;

White cucumbers

Growing equally well both in greenhouses and in the garden, they form long vines and are not afraid of diseases and fifty-degree heat. The most delicate, sweetish cucumbers reach a length of 20 cm; the only drawback of white cucumbers is that they quickly outgrow. The best varieties: Italian White, Snow Leopard, Bride, Snow White, White Angel, Three White Leaves;

Mini cucumber

Or melotria rough - an ornamental perennial vine from Africa with rich green leaves that do not change color until October, and small fruits up to 2.5 cm in diameter, similar to watermelons, but taste like ordinary cucumbers, which can be eaten fresh or pickled or canning;

Indian cucumber

Or momordica, You can easily grow it both in the garden and on the windowsill. The foliage of the plant is decorative, the bright yellow flowers smell like jasmine, and the lumpy, elongated fruits gradually change color from dark green to bright orange as they grow. When the fruit ripens, it opens up and becomes like a crocodile with its mouth open, which is why the vegetable is often called “crocodile cucumber”;

Serpentine cucumber trichosanthus

Also a pumpkin plant, widely cultivated in Southwest Asia. Trichosanth is unpretentious in care and immune to diseases; its fruits, reaching a length of 120 cm, cylindrical shape, and they wriggle like snakes, changing color from green to orange as they ripen. Trichosanth flowers resemble weightless snowflakes with a diameter of 4 cm;

Red cucumber Tladianta dubious

Perennial liana up to 5 m tall, native to Southeast Asia. Tladianta leaves are light green, heart-shaped, tulip-like flowers are bright yellow, the fruits are small, suitable for canning and pickling, until they grow 15 cm and begin to turn red. Overgrown and reddened fruits become sweet and make excellent jam;

Antillean cucumber Anguria

A plant with watermelon leaves, stems up to 4 meters long and small fruits weighing 30-50 g, which taste like cucumber and are suitable for pickling. Anguria is often grown as an ornamental plant.

30 5 1 Cucumbers: growing seedlings from seeds, planting in open ground and care 4.8666666666667 Rating 4.87 (30 votes)

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​The fourth stage is​

Growing conditions

​If we are talking about the illumination of the area, then cucumbers simply adore the sun's rays. Therefore, it is better to plant the crop in a well-lit place. Although in some areas cucumbers grow well in partial shade. In addition to illumination, one should not forget about free air circulation.​

​– this is one of the sweetest varieties of cucumber crop, distinguished by early planting dates (beginning of May - for seedlings, beginning of June - in open ground).​

​7 Harvesting cucumbers​

​Dig a hole or trench, preferably to a depth of about 40 cm.​

​seedless.​

Landing

The garden bed needs to be well fertilized. Since the root system of cucumbers is small, fertilizers can be applied pointwise, directly into the plant holes. Compost, when decomposed, will provide a lot of heat, thereby accelerating the growth of seeds, and the nutrients will last until autumn. It should be applied to a depth of about half a meter. The bed should be dug up in the fall; if the soil is heavy, add sand - cucumbers love it.​

​After the seedlings have appeared, it is necessary to monitor the level of soil moisture, as well as the condition of the plants. In the evening, you need to water the plants with water, the temperature of which is approximately 20-25 ° C, with a ratio of 1.5-2 liters per 1 square meter, if during the day the leaves become sluggish and with weak turgor. If the plants close together, then the seedlings usually need to be thinned out 2-3 times, taking into account that each time only the weakest ones need to be removed.

Firstly, you need to remember the usefulness of cucumbers, which is on par with carrots, onions, tomatoes and even citrus fruits. The composition of cucumbers is rich in iron, phosphorus, calcium, iodine and no less important vitamins B2, B1, PP, pantothenic acid, B6, C and so on. All these components of cucumbers contribute to increased appetite and excellent absorption of food. Also, a person’s heart, liver, and kidney function improves when he eats fresh cucumbers.​

​seed germination​

​After the gardener has decided on the choice of location and variety of cucumber crop, you can begin preparing the seeds for planting in open ground.​

​"Competitor"​

Growing

​One of the brightest and most beloved representatives of the pumpkin family by many gardeners is the cucumber. The plant is a vine that roots at the base and grows along any supporting structures, be it a trellis, pegs, boards and other auxiliary materials. The culture is distinguished by large leaves, which are a kind of protection for ripening fruits. By the way, cucumbers themselves can reach up to sixty centimeters in length and up to ten centimeters in diameter. Modern gardeners and gardeners, experiencing a sincere attachment to this culture, have learned to grow cucumbers in any conditions: at home, in a greenhouse and in open ground. Today we will talk about growing cucumbers in the garden.​

​ ​
​Place a layer of organic matter (manure or humus). It would be correct to add organic matter locally, because... The root system of cucumbers is small.

​Planting of cucumbers is carried out using two methods - seedless and seedling.​

​At first, the soil around the cucumber plantings will stand idle, so you can freely plant lettuce or radishes. These plants produce a quick harvest, just in time for the cucumbers to begin to grow. It is also recommended to plant corn at a two-meter distance from the cucumber bed - in summer its stems will serve as good protection from the scorching sun and wind.​

​For the distance in the row between plants, it is necessary to leave from 5 to 15 cm. Thinning of plants can be combined with procedures such as weeding and loosening. When the plants grow to half the distance between the rows, loosening should be stopped so that there is no risk of damage to the roots. Then the growing plants should be evenly distributed over the soil surface.​

Video “Planting cucumbers in open ground in the garden”

​Who, knowing all the properties of cucumbers, would not think about planting cucumbers in open ground? Every person wants to eat only natural and non-toxic vegetables. Therefore, many people decide to take up vegetable growing themselves and plant cucumbers themselves. But first you need to understand that planting cucumbers in open ground is not an activity for the faint of heart, but for those who are willing to put in all the effort and patience to get a good result - their own cucumbers.​

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Growing cucumbers in open ground - grow, cucumber, big and small!

Growing cucumbers in a summer cottage - choosing a place

​. This procedure can be carried out using damp gauze or sawdust. You should carefully spread the seeds on a pre-moistened cloth or damp sawdust, and cover the seeds with another layer of cloth on top. In two to three days, the length of the root will reach half the length of the seed. This is optimal for sowing seeds in open ground.​

• ​Like many other plants, cucumber can be grown in two ways: seedlings and non-seedlings.​
• ​"Twixie"​

Of course, not all cucumber varieties are good for growing in open ground.

​is carried out during a favorable period for this. For planting seeds and planting cucumbers in seedlings

Garden and vegetable garden - growing cucumbers with maximum benefit

​Mix organic matter with soil.​

With the seedling method, the seeds are sown a month before planting in the ground.

​Growing cucumbers on summer cottage should begin when the risk of frost has passed. It is recommended to germinate cucumber seeds.

Growing cucumbers in the garden - watering

Cucumbers usually begin to bloom 1-1.5 months after the seeds are sown, but this also depends on the variety and the weather. The onset of fruit appearance directly depends on when pollination occurs. Often the very first female flowers turn yellow and then fall off only because the bees have still not been able to find their way to them.​

​Initially you need to determine the place where the cucumbers will be grown. The site should be protected from the north side, as well as from the prevailing winds, and the sun should illuminate the southern slopes. If necessary, you can create an artificial southern slope and, as a result, the temperature in this area will be 1-2 degrees higher than in the environment.​ ​The second option for growing cucumbers is through seedlings. Today, there are many ways to obtain healthy and viable seedlings. However, they all boil down to one simple rule: the duration of the process of growing seedlings should not exceed thirty days.​​Without seedling method cucumber seeds are immediately planted in open ground. In this case, the seeds can be planted either dry or prepared. But still, many gardeners strongly recommend pre-germinating and hardening the seed material.​

Growing cucumbers in open ground - preventing diseases

​is a universal early ripening variety. It is perfect for pickling and for preparing fresh salads.​

​“Russian taste”​​If a gardener wants to enjoy cucumbers from his plot and does not want to wait a long time for results, it is recommended to choose early ripening varieties of the crop. The most successful are:​ ​ ​

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Planting cucumbers with seeds or seedlings

Planting cucumbers with seeds and seedlings

​Fill the top with clean soil.​

• ​In order to plant seeds correctly, it is better to pre-warm them, and then soak and germinate them, which will speed up the emergence of seedlings.​
• ​To do this, lay them out on wet sawdust or a clean cloth and cover with another layer. In a day or two, the root will appear, and when its length is equal to half the length of the seed, you should start planting. Prepare shallow holes – 2-3 cm deep. You can make one common trench with a hoe, but the cucumbers should be planted at a distance of 15-20 cm. When the seedlings appear, they should be thinned out - the plants grow very quickly, so you can safely leave half a meter between them.​

But when there are no male flowers, it is quite possible that the ovaries will fall off. During mass flowering, bees usually actively visit flowers in the ridges and then there is no need to talk about the problems of artificial pollination (when you have to self-pollinate) since they do not exist at that moment.​

Then, in the fall, they begin to dig up the soil to about 25-30 cm. If it is clayey or heavy, then peat, humus, sawdust, chopped straw or straw manure must be added to its composition. To obtain a high level of yield, it is necessary to create the necessary soil density, which should be approximately 1 cubic cm. You should pay attention to the fact that the roots will not be able to go into the ground if the soil is heavy.​

For seedlings it is necessary to prepare a nutritious soil mixture. You can buy it at a flower shop or prepare it yourself. For self-preparation, you should mix two parts of humus and peat, as well as one part of sawdust. One seed is sown in each pot. Watering is carried out approximately once a week, exclusively with warm water (not lower than +25 degrees). After a month, the seedlings will be ready for planting in open ground.​

​Preparation of seed material for planting in open ground includes several stages.​

Need fertile soil. You can prepare it in the fall - bring it to scatter the manure, then dig it in, and in the spring dig it up, loosen the soil with a tractor or by hand. Several months before planting in the ground, the seeds need to be warmed up. This is done at temperatures above 20 degrees. Before planting, soak the seeds for at least 12 hours.​ ​Plant the cucumbers.​

1. ​Warm the seeds suspended in a gauze bag, preferably at a short distance from the battery, in a room where the temperature does not drop below 20 degrees. Warming the seeds increases the plant's resistance to various diseases.​
2. Cucumbers love generous watering. It is important to use well-heated water and water strictly at the root, without irrigating the foliage. Cold water will significantly slow down plant growth. If you skip watering even once, the cucumbers may become bitter. Weeding and loosening of the soil should be carried out as long as the growing fences allow it.
3. ​We must not forget that the soil needs to be watered more often during the fruiting period than before.​

Planting cucumbers in the ground

​In this case, they are located closer to the surface and therefore quite often die off due to fluctuations in air temperature or lack of it, as well as due to fluctuations in moisture content. Therefore, the soil must be loose and when checking its density, the hand must penetrate into the soil without any obstacles. We must not forget that water should not create puddles on the surface of the soil, but rather, seep freely.​

1. ​Preparing the soil for planting cucumbers can be done in spring or autumn. It all depends on the efforts of the gardener himself. When it comes to preparing for the fall, experienced gardeners strive to enrich the soil with fertilizers. One of the possible options is to deposit one square meter at least seventy grams of classic mineral fertilizer - nitrophoska. You should also add three buckets of manure and two to three glasses of wood ash. This nutrient mixture remains to winter until the onset of the spring thaw. In spring, the soil is dug up to a depth of twenty to thirty centimeters. Next, you can form beds for future plantings.​
2. ​The first stage is​
3. ​"Aquarius"​
4. ​"Graceful"​

Do you need to plant cucumbers in open ground? Proceed like this:​

1. In order to plant cucumbers correctly, you need to choose a place well lit by the sun, but protected from the wind. For example, corn can be used as a “living barrier” from the wind. Types of growing cucumbers:​
2. ​Method of planting potted seedlings: a – formation of a hole; b – hole filled with water; c – placement of seedlings in the hole; d – sealing a pot with seedlings

​It wouldn’t hurt to mulch the beds -​

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​The watering rate has now increased to 2.5-3 liters per 1 square meter. The frequency of watering depends on the weather, but in general you can water the plants at least daily. When the days are cold and cloudy, watering should be stopped. When the soil is properly fertilized, the plants, in principle, do not particularly need feeding.​

​As previously said, you need to plant cucumbers in open ground on a ridge that is located across the slope. It is necessary to ensure that the ridge receives sunlight and therefore it should have a slight southern slope.​

​If the gardener did not have time to prepare the land for planting cucumbers, then this can be done in the spring. Preparations begin approximately two weeks before planting begins. Manure is added to the soil. You need to wait until the soil is enriched with nutrients and then enrich the soil with organic fertilizers. Many gardeners recommend “warming up” the soil. It is believed that this will allow future plantings to quickly take root in a new location. Before you begin to form beds for sowing cucumbers, it is recommended to sprinkle a fifteen-centimeter layer of fertile soil on top. On the sides of the beds special borders for watering are formed. This completes the preparation of the soil. You can start planting cucumbers in open ground.

​selection of quality seeds​

​"Emelya"​

Planting in open soil

​. Fully lives up to its name. This variety produces very neat fruits, each weighing no more than one hundred and twenty grams. This variety is very good to use in cooking (for preparing fresh salads and other dishes).​ ​Make furrows or holes approximately 40 cm deep.​​Horizontal - cucumber loops spread along the ground. For this type of planting, small round beds (holes) are better suited. Planted cucumbers should be located at a decent distance from each other (at the rate of 6 plants per 1 m2). Seedlings for early varieties and for plants planted in closed ground, they are grown in living rooms or in heated greenhouses, seedlings of later varieties - in film unheated greenhouses and hotbeds. The yield of cucumbers in open ground is approximately 1.5 kg/m2, and in a greenhouse - up to 30 kg/m2. Another nuance for varieties that need another variety as a pollinator: the main variety is sown approximately 6 days after the pollinating one, so that the time when they bloom male plants, coincided with the time of flowering of the female ones. Mulch (straw, foliage, sawdust) reduces moisture loss, improves soil aeration and promotes better and uniform heating

Planting in the ground

But when the temperature begins to drop, the leaves of the plant turn pale. To restore its color, any nitrogen fertilizer is added to the leaves of the plant in a ratio of 5-10 g to 10 liters of water. For example, fertilizers such as urea, ammonium or potassium nitrate and also ammophosphate. This action should be performed only in the evening, because during the day the sun’s rays can burn the leaves of plants due to drops of the solution that was applied.​

1. ​Thanks to this, the soil temperature rises, and the yield will accordingly increase by 20-30%.​
2. The time for planting cucumber seeds in open ground occurs in the first half of May. Seedlings can be planted a little later. In the pre-dug bed, grooves are formed, the distance between which should be at least fifteen centimeters. The seeds themselves should be planted to a depth of no more than one and a half centimeters. The distance between plantings should be at least fifteen centimeters. If we are talking about seedlings, then the distance between plantings should be at least twenty centimeters. Young plants should under no circumstances shade each other. This completes the planting of cucumbers. But that's only half the battle. The most important component of success is the competent cultivation of cucumbers in the open ground.​
3. ​. It is easy to carry out by placing all the seeds in saline solution. Seeds that float to the surface of the solution can be discarded. Next you need to cook those that remain at the bottom of the vessel.​
4. - blooms according to the female type. The variety is extremely unpretentious to conditions environment, so many people grow it in the conditions of central Russia (it is cold-resistant).​
5. ​Hybrid varieties are often sown for open ground. They are able to bear fruit well even in conditions that are not the most favorable for this crop. However, in growing such hybrids (most often the package with seeds will be marked “F1”) there is one “but”: collecting seeds from such plants is useless. On next year barren flowers will grow from them.​

Types of cultivation

1. ​Make the bottom layer from manure or humus. Cucumbers have small roots, so fertilize them so that the plant gets nutrients from the hole or trench.​
2. ​Vertical - cucumbers are woven along special nets or ropes tied to trellises. This entire structure should be illuminated by the sun most of the day. Long narrow beds are suitable for this type of planting. The distance between the beds should be sufficient (at least 70 cm) so that the nets do not block each other from the sun. And cucumbers should be planted in the garden so that the distance between plants is 10 cm.

​Seedlings are grown in plastic or peat cups. If the seedlings are grown in plastic cups, then they are cut, and the seedlings are planted along with the ground. If the cup is peat, the seedlings are planted directly in it, the hole is dug to a depth equal to the height of the cup. Seedlings should be planted in open ground when the soil is already sufficiently warmed up. Usually in May, but no later than 30 days from the appearance of the first shoots. In case of a sharp cold snap, you should create shelter for the plants (you can use, for example, plastic film), because cucumbers - heat-loving plants And low temperatures(below 15 degrees) will destroy them, or the plants will have to be replanted.​

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Growing cucumbers in open ground: varieties, planting and care features - Onwomen.ru

• ​. In addition, it is important to lightly hill up the seedlings so that moisture does not linger under them - this will prevent the occurrence of diseases. When 5-6 leaves appear on the stem, it should be pinched to stimulate the development of new shoots. This technique allows you to significantly increase productivity.

​Usually this procedure is carried out either with a hand sprayer or with a whisk. To provide good care For cucumbers, you need to apply 2 to 3 fertilizing treatments throughout the entire growing season. It is especially important to fertilize when the plants begin to bloom and buds appear. If cucumbers are planted on sandy or sandy loam soils, then in an efficient way Fertigation (drip irrigation system) will be used for feeding.

What varieties of cucumbers are best to grow in open ground?

​The beds are usually made so that the width is no more than 1 m, and the height is approximately 20-30 cm. Mineral fertilizers such as 20-25 g of ammonium nitrate, 30-40 -superphosphate and 15-20 g of potassium sulfate per 1 m2 , must be applied at least 14 days before sowing, and then thoroughly mixed to the entire depth of the ridge.​

​If in greenhouse conditions a gardener can control the watering regime, then when growing in open ground conditions the situation is somewhat more complicated. If the summer is sunny and not too hot, but the normal watering regime is once every six days. If the summer months are rainy, then the plantings, on the contrary, need to be protected from waterlogging. Many gardeners form grooves around the perimeter of the site where excess water flows.​

​The second stage is​ ​5.​ The most popular hybrid varieties for open ground

​"Universal"​ ​Now mix the organic fertilizer thoroughly with the soil.​​When growing cucumbers in greenhouses, the vertical type of cultivation is perhaps the main principle. In greenhouses, the loops of cucumbers must be tied up, otherwise they will begin to rot where they come into contact with the ground. In greenhouses, cucumbers are planted in longitudinal beds; the beds should be at a sufficient distance from each other. For example, if the width of the greenhouse is 3 meters, it can accommodate up to 3 beds. Sufficient distance between the beds will allow you to conveniently care for plants and harvest.​

​Swollen or sprouted seeds can also be planted directly into the ground; this method is called seedless.​​Failure to observe crop rotation can lead to sudden withering of seemingly healthy plants. The risk of disease can be reduced by annually treating the seeds in a solution of potassium permanganate at the germination stage. However, this does not always help - fungal diseases await plants in the soil. Often we ourselves become the reason for their appearance - either we were too lazy to heat the water in the sun, or we added fertilizer with pathogens.​ ​A video about how to plant and grow cucumbers in a garden in open ground. What to pay attention to and what important points should be taken into account.​

But the timing of adding mineral fertilizers to the soil depends on the fertility of the site. If the soil is acidic, then it is necessary to add wood ash or lime in the amount of about 30-40 g per 1 m2, then also mix. Afterwards, you need to level the surface and water the dry soil. Cucumber plantings need to be fertilized regularly, starting from the very moment the plants are planted in open ground. This can be done using complex mineral fertilizers. There are a large number on the market various types dressings: “Agricola”, “Diammofoska”, “Ammofos”, “MASTER” and others. Plants are fed according to a specific schedule. The first feeding is applied fifteen days after planting, the second - at the beginning of flowering, the third - during the growing season and the fourth - during the period of mass fruiting. Approximately a month before harvesting the fruits, fertilizing should be stopped.​ ​disinfection of seed​ ​"True Friends"​​:​​. This variety is suitable for pickling and for eating fresh cucumbers. The fruits are finely tuberculate and will delight you with a mild taste.​ ​Pour a layer of soil on top without humus.​ ​How to plant cucumbers in a “chessboard” pattern?​​Sowing is done when the temperature of the top layer of soil rises to at least 14 degrees. The seeds are soaked in water for 10-11 hours (until they swell), during which time you need to change the water several times. When 10-11 hours have passed, the seeds are sown in the ground. The seed should be planted 2-3 cm deep, after watering the hole with water. It is correct to plant cucumbers so that per 1 sq. m accounted for 6 plants. To prevent the death of plants, you need to plant 2 seeds in one hole; if both seeds sprout, they need to be thinned out. Choosing soil for cucumbers. It is better when the soil:

The most common diseases are root rot, bacteriosis, gray rot, ascochyta blight, and white rot. When the first symptoms appear on leaves, stems, fruits or ovaries, it is necessary to take action as quickly as possible.​

​Growing cucumbers in the garden is much simpler than growing cucumbers in a greenhouse. When choosing a location, it is important to remember two things: predecessors and lighting. It is fundamentally important to observe crop rotation - if melons, watermelons or cucumbers have been grown on the site for the past 2-3 years, cucumbers cannot be replanted in this place. It is advisable that the sun illuminates the selected bed as best as possible, although cucumbers will produce a harvest in partial shade.​ ​There are two ways to grow cucumbers: without seedlings and seedlings. We will talk about the first method. Using this method, it is necessary to remember that the timing of sowing seeds begins at the end of May and ends on the fifth of June. Before sowing the seeds, they need to be heated for two hours at a temperature of 60 °C.​

​Don’t forget about regular weed control. Cucumber plantings really don’t like it when they have to share their supply of nutrients with other plants. Therefore, plantings should be weeded regularly, ridding young plants of unwanted proximity to weeds.​​. It is this procedure that protects plants from viruses and bacteria. In most cases, a solution of potassium permanganate is used for disinfection. Cucumber seeds are placed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for an hour. After this, the seeds are carefully removed and dried. This is an early hybrid variety of cucumbers. It bears fruit very quickly. With proper care, a gardener can get the first harvest of cucumbers a month after the first shoots appear.​

​1.​​3.​ ​Plant cucumbers here.​

​First, select the seeds of the variety you want to harvest from the store. When you plant, you want the sharp nose to point upward at an angle of about 45°C. A root will grow from this spout. It will bend deeper. The sprout will stretch upward, pulling the folded leaves from the seed into the air towards the light.​ ​Retains moisture well.​ In most cases, a solution of copper sulfate saves you from fungal diseases.

Planting cucumbers in open ground

​This must be done so that the heated seeds germinate well and also bear fruit earlier. After this, they need to be placed in a solution that consists of 1 liter of water, 5 g of double superphosphate, 10-potassium nitrate and 0.2 g of manganese sulfate. Loosening is one of the most important components of proper care of cucumber plantings. This procedure is recommended to be performed after rain or regular watering. There are situations when cucumber plantings develop roots on the surface. In this case, it is necessary to add two to three centimeters of fertile soil. In total, during the growing period, an additional layer of fertile soil is added two or even three times.​ ​The third stage is​

​Other hybrid varieties of cucumbers are also widespread: “Antoshka”, “Emelya”, “Leader”, “Uhazher”.​ ​"Brigantine"​​"Altai"​

Favorable conditions for the growth of cucumbers are when they are protected from the wind and receive a lot of sun. Corn can be planted around the edges for protection. If you dream of early vegetables for salads, plant them in the greenhouse in early spring.​

​If you place the seed so that the spout points down, the sprout will grow with the skin on top. To a young plant It will take too much strength to throw it off. It happens that the sprouts cannot cope and die.

Choosing a place to grow cucumbers in open ground

​Very fertile.​

​, which is sprinkled on plantings. Affected stems should be removed and burned.​

Watering cucumbers in open ground

​Then the swollen seeds need to be sown, mixed with dry ones. This action ensures an early harvest because if the early shoots die, they are replaced by later ones, which are obtained from dry seeds. Next, each seed must be placed in the grooves so that it is located at a distance of 3-4 cm. The grooves must be made at a distance of half a meter from each other.​

Preparing to plant cucumbers in open ground

​As the cucumbers form, you can begin to slowly collect them. It is not worth keeping the fruits on the plant too long, as this leads to a decrease in the yield of cucumber plantings. The fact is that such a seed fruit consumes a lot of nutrients. This supply would be enough to form at least three, or even four new fruits. You need to pick cucumbers carefully so as not to damage the new ovaries. For pickling, it is preferable to use medium and small greens.

​stimulation of seed growth​

​After the gardener has decided on the variety of cucumbers, it is necessary to begin choosing a suitable plant for growing this crop.​

- Great for pickling. The variety has a stable yield, taste qualities fruits can improve with proper care and timely application of mineral fertilizers to the soil. This is one of the fastest ripening varieties. The harvest can be harvested within 37-40 days after the appearance of the first shoots. The fruits are small and can be used in salads.​ ​Horizontal, when the loops weave freely along the ground. If you need this type, make holes (round) for seedlings or seeds. Required for 1 sq. m up to 6 plants inclusive. Place them at a considerable distance from each other.​

​Plant the seeds 1.5 or 2 cm deep. If you plant them too deep, they will take a long time to hatch and the sprout may not develop lateral roots as needed. Have you already thrown the seeds into the ground in a pot and covered it with soil? Now fold the newspaper in half and cut out a circle or other shape according to the shape of the pot. The main thing is that this newspaper fits tightly to the ground. Now you need to spray the paper so that it is completely wet and make sure that the newspaper is always damp. Seeds and sprouts will have excellent air flow and when watering, the soil will not be able to erode in different directions. This way the seeds will breathe; if you don’t provide them with oxygen, they will soon rot. ​Moderately loose.​​Cucumber is a herbaceous annual plant of the Cucurbitaceae family; in culinary terms, it traditionally belongs to vegetable crops. It has excellent taste and aroma, and has valuable medicinal, dietary, and cosmetic properties. It is eaten fresh, pickled, pickled and as part of various salads. It consists of 95 percent water, which is close in composition to distilled water. Now let's look at how to plant cucumbers and when to do it? There are two ways to plant cucumbers:

​Growing dill in open ground​​Usually half a gram of seeds is consumed per 1 square meter. The depth of their embedding should be 1-2cm. If the soil dries out, be sure to water the furrows and only then sow the seeds in moist soil. Then you need to cover the top with loose soil, humus with sawdust or peat. Growing cucumbers in open ground is a troublesome, but also very interesting activity.

​. However, at this stage, many gardeners pre-treat the seeds with special growth stimulants. This allows you to increase the germination rate of plantings. If you don’t have such products at hand, you can use regular baking soda. To do this, dilute the solution: dilute five grams of soda per liter of water. In this solution, the seeds are kept at room temperature (not lower than +20 degrees) for 24 hours. Then the seeds are thoroughly dried and prepared for further processing.​

​If with greenhouse plantings everything is more or less clear: where the greenhouse is located, that’s where we plant cucumbers, then when planting in open ground everything is somewhat more complicated. The gardener needs to take into account three factors: access to fresh air on the site, its illumination, as well as the history of previous plantings.​ ​2.​ Also popular among gardeners are varieties such as

​Vertical, when plants are woven along ropes or nets, tightly tied to special trellises. An excellent location for the beds is when they are illuminated by sunlight most of the day. It is optimal when the beds have long and narrow furrows. Place them at least 70 cm apart. This is so that the nets do not block the gentle sun. Plant one plant from another in the garden bed every 10 cm.

​25°C is a sufficient temperature for successful seed germination. Now place the pots in a warm place in the room. As soon as the sprouts hatch, the newspaper must be removed so that the plant receives sunlight. Do not water the sprouts too much. They need moisture. Otherwise, you may cause mold to appear.​

Preparing the soil for planting cucumber seeds in open ground

​Algorithm of actions:​

​seedlings;​

Planting cucumbers in open ground

Proper care of plantings in open ground

Watering

​It is very important to monitor the emergence of seedlings as closely as possible, since if nests of rooks or other birds are located nearby, then young, not yet rooted plants are in danger. To scare away birds, you can install a stuffed animal, rotating rattles, hang rustling paper or strips of film.​

Top dressing

​The work of the gardener will be rewarded with sweet and juicy cucumbers on the dining table, as well as delicious preparations for the winter.​

Weeding and loosening

​You should not plant cucumbers in the place where melons and melons were planted last year: watermelons and melons. Also, you should not overload the same area by growing cucumbers on it every year. It is best if legumes, as well as cabbage or potatoes were grown in this place last year.

Harvesting cucumbers

​"Fair Cucumber"​

​"Far Eastern"​

​Gardeners most often equip a greenhouse in such a way that fruits are grown vertically. Be sure to tie cucumber loops to the supports. If they lie on the ground, they will begin to rot. At the preparatory stage, go into the greenhouse and make the beds longitudinal. Let them be 70 cm or more from each other. It’s even better when the distance between them is 1 m. This is for your convenience. So, you will freely walk between them and harvest.​

The best varieties of early cucumbers for open ground

Vegetables require special care, but they need to be planted initially. Growing seedlings is just one way to get a harvest. Without such actions, unfortunately, many types of vegetables simply cannot be grown (tomatoes, peppers, cabbage). But there are others that you can simply plant seeds directly into the soil. We are talking about the most popular plant - cucumber. Its appetizing smell and pleasant taste allow it to be used in food in different variations.

For a high-quality and quantitative harvest, you need to know how to plant cucumbers in open ground, as well as what care is needed after that. The fact is that they will not like wild conditions. Caring attitude and attentiveness - that’s favorable conditions for the gardener who wants to grow them.

For those who do not yet know how to properly sow cucumbers in open ground, this information will be useful.

Before you start sowing, you need to choose a variety, and gardeners don’t even have the slightest idea which cucumbers are best to plant in open ground. It's good if there is help knowledgeable people nearby (neighbors in the area who have been doing this for several years). But without knowing the basic plan of action, the novice gardener is lost. Moreover, you need to choose a variety. Accordingly, this problem arises much earlier than how to plant cucumbers in open ground with seeds and grow them well.

Considering that housewives love to use their green harvest in preparing various salads and stocking up on preserves for the winter, the conclusion arises that universal varieties that are used for various purposes will be relevant.

In order not to get into the weeds of all sorts of types and modifications, we can identify the types of optimal cucumber options, which can differ in both their yield and appearance:

A variety that can take root in this place is also selected for the growing location. Thus, more modified versions are used, which have those necessary qualities that are not inherent in varietal varieties. And this is described on the packaging, since some data varies (planting depth, interval between seeds). Although the disadvantage of such varieties is the inability to collect seeds.

The beginning of the process of cultivating cucumbers in open ground

Before you begin, you need to check the seeds that were purchased in advance, after which you will have the opportunity to plant cucumbers in open ground. There is one simple “grandmother’s” way - fill them with water and monitor their buoyancy. High quality material will fall to the bottom after a while, empty ones will float on the surface. Then the liquid is drained, laid out on a porous cloth (gauze, for example) and moistened. Choose a warm place with good lighting for germination. All that can ultimately produce a harvest will soon germinate, but the rest are worthless. Next, we’ll find out how to plant cucumbers in open ground and do it without any problems.

Planting process

The planting process itself is fundamental to growing vegetables.

Further fruiting and ease of maintenance of the beds depend on how well this is done. If seeds were purchased for planting outside of greenhouse or greenhouse conditions, then they need to be sown correctly. How to grow cucumbers: planting and care in open ground and a little about how to do it correctly, we will consider further.

Preparing the land for planting

In order to begin the planting process, it is necessary to prepare the soil. For this purpose, places are selected where there are no drafts or winds. If there is such an opportunity, then you should choose a site that will not be located in an open area.
Air humidity is also important. If there is a lake or other body of water nearby, then such a place is ideal.

The land must have the following qualities:

• structural and well-heated;
• not sour and moisture-absorbing.

After the selected area, which will be allocated for cucumbers, proceed to subsequent actions.

Arranging a bed for cucumbers

Since these vegetables do not require further replanting, proper planting of cucumbers in open ground occurs using the method of row sowing. To do this, prepare beds with a hoe, which have a depth of 5-7 cm. The distance between the lines of the beds can be different - from 20 cm to 60 cm. This depends on the area of ​​their location and varietal characteristics. The optimal option is 40 cm.

Sowing cucumbers in open ground

The seeds that were prepared in advance are sown in the resulting depressions. Next, the scheme for planting cucumbers in open ground looks like this: the interval should be approximately the same, there is no need to sow chaotically, the roots of plants located close to each other will interfere with each other. It is necessary to make an interval of 15 cm to 20 cm between planted seeds, so sowing cucumbers in open ground will happen correctly and will allow the plants to develop normally. Those furrows that remain along the edges of the recess are used to cover the top.

Watering planted seeds

So, all the seeds are buried, now it’s time to water them on top. You should not do this with a high-pressure jet, as the newly planted material may simply be washed out.

It would be ideal to use a watering can with a diffuser and a hose with a similar nozzle, so the watering will be uniform and with low pressure, simulating rain.

If the soil is clayey, then it is necessary to water not the seeds after planting, but the hole itself. The soil with moisture on top after watering will form a crust that will not allow air to pass through for seed germination.

Covering sown beds

If the weather has not yet stabilized (as often happens in our regions in the spring), then it is better to cover the seeded beds with burlap, polyethylene or blankets. At first, the seeds love warmth. Therefore, it is better not to reveal them until they germinate to the surface. After all, the temperature for planting cucumbers in open ground is optimal if it is above 10 degrees Celsius.

This rule directly relates to the continuation of how to properly plant cucumbers in open ground and avoid possible difficulties in this. The key here is the meaning of “open ground”, which in the spring has not yet fully warmed up, but already needs to be sown. Covering will help maintain a more or less stable temperature inside the bed.

All planting manipulations are quite simple and can be repeated by every novice gardener. In this case, doubts about how to properly plant cucumbers in open ground will disappear by themselves.

Caring for cucumbers in open ground

If you have already acquired knowledge of how to plant cucumber seeds in open ground, then you need to learn how to care for this plant. Depending on the variety and place of growth, cucumbers require a certain approach.

First of all, it comes to regular watering. Otherwise, the fruits will become bitter, bend, and the plant itself will bear little fruit. As a rule, they water at night or early in the morning, when the scorching sun is not yet very hot. If you do this in the middle of a hot afternoon, you will really ruin all your efforts, since the leaves of the plant will simply burn and it will die.

Getting rid of the extra tendrils that constantly grow on the plant is also a necessary action. After all, they take away nutrients from him. The tendrils are also an indicator of the fruiting of the plant. If they grow regularly on the plant, then the growing season has not yet ended and the plant feels good. If their quantity is small, we can assume that there will be no more harvest from it.

For a good harvest, cucumbers are fed. This should be done once a week, and foliar feeding once a month. They are chosen differently for each stage of plant growth - before and during fruiting.

Tying is rarely used in open ground, but it is done if there is a desire and the variety allows. Then it is easier to harvest, and the site will take on a neater appearance. Also, tied cucumbers are easier to fertilize (feed), but the bushes lose moisture at the base faster, and they will have to be watered more often. You can find out more about how to care for cucumbers in open ground.

Conclusions about the correct planting of cucumbers in open ground

After figuring out how to properly plant cucumbers in open ground, you will be able to plan your plot to determine the amount of space for each vegetable. To obtain crops for sale and for personal food, several varieties are planted that will satisfy all requirements.

In order for the harvest to turn out as expected, you need to have knowledge of how best to plant cucumbers in open ground; before that, you should also know how to prepare the area and how. The rules are so simple that even the summer resident who started doing this for the first time will be able to enjoy his own harvest.

As a result, it is worth highlighting a chain of key values ​​that will affect obtaining a good harvest. This is a variety, site, care, which includes a set of measures to prevent the death of the plant (watering, getting rid of pests, fertilizing). Complex actions will not deprive the gardener of good fruiting.

Evgeniy Sedov

When your hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

Almost every summer resident plants a crop, but not all amateur gardeners know how and when to do it correctly in order to achieve better yields. Since cucumber is a relatively fastidious vegetable, it requires adherence to sowing technology and proper care. At optimal timing Sowing and proper attention, the crop grows well and bears fruit.

How to plant cucumbers correctly

To grow vegetables, choose a well-lit area that is protected from the winds. Around the cucumber bed, “scenes” are formed, which can serve as plantings of potatoes, corn, sunflowers, hemp, and legumes. These tall plants provide an optimal microclimate for cucumbers. Planting vegetables in open ground can be done by seedlings or using seeds. The choice of method depends on several factors, including the climate of your region and the timing of harvest.

Unlike tomatoes, cucumbers are often planted from seeds. This is due to the fact that cucumber seedlings are very fragile, with delicate roots and shoots, so they are easy to damage. In addition, it does not tolerate acclimatization well to changed conditions (wind, sunlight, air temperature, different soil composition). Only experienced farmers who know all the intricacies of this process can achieve a good harvest when planting cucumber seedlings.

For ordinary gardeners, the method of sowing seeds in open ground is more suitable. In this case, the fruits appear only a week later, but the plants will be strong and resistant to external negative factors. Suitable for cucumbers warm beds a height of at least 20 cm. A layer of organic matter inside the plot not only provides vegetables with useful substances, but also warms up the roots, saturating them with carbon dioxide.

Cucumber is a heat-loving crop, so it needs to be planted when the temperature of the top layer of soil warms up to at least 13-15 degrees. However, the plant does not feel very well at high temperatures (if the indicator rises above 28 degrees), then development may stop. The bed must first be fertilized with organic matter (chicken droppings, mullein or manure). This will provide the vegetables with nutrients and disinfect the soil, destroying the causative agents of many cucumber diseases.

The plant needs regular watering: if there is a lack of moisture, the leaves will begin to turn black, become fragile, and the bushes themselves will experience stress. Excessive soil moisture is no less destructive for cucumbers. As a result, there will be less oxygen in the ground, which will cause the tops to turn pale, and the development of green shoots and vines will slow down greatly. Water for irrigation is used at room temperature (about 18 degrees). The ideal soil humidity is 80%.

Since the crop prefers short daylight hours, it is best to grow it in mid or late summer. Despite the heat-loving nature of the vegetable, it requires only 10-12 photoperiods per day. The features of the process of planting seedlings and seeds have common features, which consist in the selection and preparation of the site. It is better to organize the beds from north to south, and apply organic fertilizer to the crop preceding the cucumbers.

An alternative option is to fertilize the soil immediately before planting the seeds/seedlings. Cow dung is the best choice. It is applied rotted to previous plants (5 kg per 1 square meter), and before sowing cucumbers it is used in the form of a 1:5 solution with water. You can replace compost with chicken manure (dissolve it in water 1:20) or with complex mineral fertilizer.

Planting cucumbers in open ground with seeds

Many summer residents prefer to plant cucumber seeds directly in an open garden bed. It takes time for cucumbers to grow. It all depends on the climatic characteristics of the region and the specific variety, but planting is not usually carried out later than the end of June. One of the most important conditions proper cultivation of a plant is the nutritional value of the soil. For this purpose, in the fall, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to a shallow depth, which rot in the ground until spring.

In the north of the country, the place for planting cucumbers is covered with fresh manure, and in the spring warm structures are built for the vegetable. Since the culture is thermophilic, it feels best in the south and central Russia. The optimal temperature for growing vegetables will be 20-25 degrees during the day and 15 at night. If the weather is not pleasant and the thermometer drops to 10 degrees, then problems arise: growth stops, and if the cold snap is prolonged, the plant may die. When choosing a variety you should consider:

• the need for pollination (there are self-pollinating and bee-pollinated species; for open ground it is better to take the former - they are usually tastier);
• resistance to frost, cold snap, heat and drought;
• immunity to common cucumber diseases - rot, cladosporiosis, mosaic;
• branching feature of the plant (this factor directly affects the yield).

When planting cucumbers in open ground, it is recommended to choose zoned varieties (intended for growth in a specific area, taking into account the specifics of its climate) and breeding crops. Despite the fact that hybrids are more adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions, you need to stock up on covering material, which will be needed during frosts. Successful varieties for planting by seed are:

• Crane F1;
• Admiral F1;
• Herman F1;
• Bidretta F1;
• White Angel F1;
• Aquarius, Ave.

When to plant

Planting in open ground can be carried out even in a cold, prolonged spring. Like other vegetables, cucumbers are planted during the waxing phase of the moon, when the plants activate their growth and recover well. It is recommended to plan work in the garden according to the Lunar calendar and not to plant seeds on unfavorable days. The time of day for sowing does not matter. Planting dates will depend on the climate of a particular region, weather conditions in spring and summer, and the selected variety. There are only three sowing options suitable for the crop:

1. Early. When the earth warms up well (at least 15 degrees at night), you can sow cucumber seeds. The ideal temperature for plant development is 18-26 °C. As a rule, this regime is established around June 1-5, but the date may vary depending on the climate of the region. In the southern regions, the earth has time to warm up earlier, then the vegetable is planted in the second half of May. If planted earlier, when temperatures range from 10 to 15 degrees, plants often stop growing and die. Early sowing is also good because at the beginning of June there is a short daylight hours, since cucumbers need sunlight only for 10-12 hours a day for normal development. When planting vegetables at the end of June high temperatures and long daylight hours will not have the best effect on productivity. When choosing early varieties, it is recommended to focus on such as: Competitor, Universal, Cascade.
2. Average. Carried out from May 25 to June 10. Almost all varieties of crops are suitable for the second sowing. When planting in June, the harvest is harvested in early August, although these dates vary depending on whether you chose early, mid- or late-ripening cucumbers.
3. Late. For this purpose, special varieties are chosen - preferably pickling varieties. Early-ripening vegetables with a growing season of 45-50 days are optimal for late sowing. The harvest of such species will coincide in time with the fruiting of tomatoes. The big advantage of this sowing option is the ability to eat fresh vegetables right up to frost. Late boarding seeds are carried out in July. If the weather is hot this month, a cover made of film (agrofibre) is made for the bed.

How to sow correctly

Seeds should be sown in several passes, otherwise you can miscalculate the timing: for example, cold weather may unexpectedly return. In addition, this option allows you to extend the fruiting period of the vegetable. Planting in warm regions of the country begins in mid-May and ends in mid-June. It is not recommended to do this later, since heat and long daylight hours are not the best conditions for the growth and development of culture. The seed sowing technology includes the following steps:

1. Selection of planting material. In addition to varieties zoned for specific regions, there are hybrids that are characterized by maximum resistance to diseases. It is better to give preference to the latter - this will save you from unnecessary hassle and increase productivity. In addition, the timing of ripening and the purpose of the variety (universal, salad, pickling) play an important role. If the purpose is not indicated on the package, look at the photo of the vegetables: if they have white pimples, the cucumbers are suitable for fresh consumption, and fruits with dark ones are a pickling option. The age of the seeds should be at least 2 years, since their germination increases during storage. The optimal age of planting material will be 6 years, and after 9 it is no longer suitable.
2. Soil preparation. The cucumber bed is formed in the direction from north to south. Before sowing, the soil is fed with rotted cow manure; it is first diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. Alternative options are allowed - complex fertilizers or a solution of chicken manure.
3. Preparing seeds for planting in open ground. The material is first heated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 42-45 degrees in order to achieve more friendly shoots and speed up the fruiting time. Another way to warm the seeds is this: hang them in a gauze bag near heating battery or slabs. This is done 2-1.5 months before sowing. The room temperature should be above 20 degrees. One-year planting material and those grown in the Leningrad region especially need heating. Heat the dry seeds in an oven or drying cabinet at a temperature of 60 degrees for 3 hours. To do this, planting material is placed on metal mesh(or baking sheet) in a thin layer, stirring several times.
4. Seed disinfection. For this purpose, they are kept in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate (1 g of product per glass of water). The procedure lasts 20 minutes, after which the planting material is thoroughly washed with water.
5. Treatment with microelements. To speed up the germination and fruiting of the crop, the heated and disinfected planting material is soaked in a solution of one or more microelements. An example recipe is 10 g of potassium nitrate, 5 g of superphosphate per 1 liter of water. The optimal liquid temperature is 40-45 degrees. The procedure lasts 12 hours. Afterwards the seeds should be dried.

1. Sowing. In the prepared area, furrows are formed with a depth of 2-5 cm and a pitch of 50 cm. The depth of placement of planting material varies depending on the type of soil: for light soil with low groundwater levels, the optimal level will be 3-5 cm, for heavy soil - 2-3 cm. The seeds are placed in the grooves at intervals of 3-4 cm from each other. For 10 sq. m will take approximately 50 g of seeds. If the soil is dry, water it before planting, and sprinkle the seeds with humus, loose soil with sawdust or peat.
2. Caring for cucumbers in open ground. Immediately after the appearance of the first shoots, special attention is paid to soil moisture and the condition of the plants. If the leaves wither during the day, in the evening the bed should be watered with water at 20-25 degrees. When the plants close, they are thinned out (this is done only 2-3 times per season), removing the weakest shoots. Optimal distance between the bushes is 5-15 cm. In addition, it is important to loosen the soil on the site and weed the beds. When the cucumbers grow to the center of the row, stop loosening so as not to damage the roots. You should also spread the developing plants evenly on the ground. After the crop begins to bear fruit, the amount of watering is increased to 5 liters per square meter. m. Moisten the soil almost daily, with the exception of cool, cloudy days. Cucumbers do not need fertilizing if the soil was properly amended before planting. However, if the temperature drops for more than a week, the leaves may turn pale. Their color can be restored with nitrogen fertilizer (urea). Consumption is 7-10 g per 10 liters of water. The procedure is carried out with a whisk or by hand spraying. The optimal time is evening, otherwise the sun's rays will burn the foliage.

Planting cucumber seedlings in the ground

Gardeners whose plot is located in the floodplain part of the river will receive a very rich harvest of vegetables, without even preparing the soil first. Loamy and sandy loam soil with close groundwater - ideal option for culture. Its only drawback is a deficiency of potassium salt. Moisture-loving cucumbers do not tolerate light sandy soils that are unable to retain liquid. However, heavy soil, where moisture lingers for a long time, is not suitable for vegetables. High levels of soil acidity will have to be combated by adding lime.

When planting a plant, you must take into account the climate of your region, since cucumbers like warmth. When planting seedlings, the soil and air temperatures are not the least important great value. The soil temperature for seedlings should be at least 15 degrees, but the optimal value would be 18-20 °C. In colder conditions, seedlings, if they grow, will do so only during the day - under the influence of sunlight, and at night they will stop developing. The seedling planting method is suitable for any region. However, for areas with harsh climates, bottle planting is more suitable.

The key to success when growing vegetables in open ground will be the correct choice of varieties suitable for seedling planting. Among them there are unpretentious and undemanding ones that are able to calmly endure adverse weather conditions. These include:

• Adam F1;
• Christina F1;
• Cappuccino F1;
• Carolina F1;
• True friends F1;
• Darling F1;
• Shchedrik F1;
• Athos F1;
• Bush;
• Baby, Ave.

When to plant

It’s easy to miss the optimal time for planting crops in open ground, so you need to approach this issue carefully. If you transfer seedlings to the garden bed at an inopportune time, its resistance to disease will significantly decrease, in addition, the survival rate of the bushes will worsen. To correctly determine the time, you need to know this rule: planting cucumbers in the ground can only be done 2-3 weeks after the seeds were sown for seedlings.

In the middle zone, the optimal period for planting seedlings is the end of May, in the south - the middle of the month. The time of day is not important, since it does not play any role, but you should focus on the Lunar calendar if you want to achieve maximum productivity, easy adaptation of plants in a new place and accelerate their growth. Experienced gardeners advise working on the waxing moon.

How to plant seedlings

The crop can be planted in open ground by seedlings; it differs in some ways from sowing seeds. The technology of planting seedlings involves the following actions:

1. Substrate preparation. Containers (jugs) are filled with wood pellets in a layer of 3-5 cm and watered hot water. The pressed sawdust begins to swell and crumble; you need to help the granules crumble with your fingers. While the material has not yet cooled, seeds are laid out on it at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. They are sprinkled with hot sawdust on top. The substrate for cucumber seedlings is prepared from sawdust and peat in proportions of 1:3. First, you need to add 20 g of ammonium nitrate to each bucket of sawdust, mix the components and leave them for at least 2 days. Afterwards, the substrate is mixed with peat and 8-10 g of potassium nitrate and kept for another 2 weeks (the mass must be stirred periodically).
2. Sowing seeds for seedlings. Planting material planted in pots 10x10 cm, containers are placed in plastic boxes measuring about 20x30 cm. This is done in early May. Approximate consumption – 16-18 plants for every 1 sq. m. The prepared soil mixture is poured into pots and watered. Holes 1 cm deep are made in a damp substrate, and grains are placed in them, 1 piece per pot. They are sprinkled on top with a thin layer of sawdust mixture. The boxes in which the pots are placed are covered with film until the first shoots appear, after which the cover is removed. There is no need to water the seedlings when the humidity in the greenhouse is about 80%. If seedlings are grown indoors, the substrate is moistened 2-3 times during the growing season.
3. Hardening of seedlings. A week before transplantation, the plants become accustomed to natural conditions. For this purpose, they are taken out into the fresh air, for the first time in the evening, for the second time at lunchtime (in the shade), and on other days the seedlings can be left to open area at any time. The day before transplanting, the substrate must be watered several times.
4. Transfer to an open garden bed. It is better to do this on a sunny day when the air temperature reaches 25 degrees or higher. The earth should warm up to 25-30 °C, thanks to the pre-applied hot manure. The distance between plants in a row should be 12-14 cm. Only the roots of the seedlings are sprinkled with soil. If the planting depth is excessive, there is a risk of developing root rot.
5. Care. No different from caring for seed plantings. However, with the seedling method of growing vegetables, the harvest appears 2 weeks earlier.