What flowers to sow in open ground. Sowing flowers in April in open ground. What flowers are sown in open ground in April
Both in spring and autumn. In autumn, the soil for flower seeds is prepared by adding peat, humus, a little manure and sawdust. It is loosened and seeds of frost-resistant flowers (cornflower, sage, calendula, chrysanthemum) are planted in small holes. Immediately put large seeds into the ground in spring, which are not afraid of temporary cold (daisies, marigolds, border asters, hibiscus). Seedlings are often planted for those flowers that have small seeds and weak sprouts. Seedlings for flowers are planted from the end of January until May. In January you can plant carnations and tuberous begonia; at the end of February - flowers that bloom in early summer (viola); at the end of March, seedlings are planted on most summer plants– annuals; and at the end of April you can plant marigolds, begonias, dahlias, and chrysanthemums. The latter are planted so late because they germinate and bloom very quickly.
To plant flower seeds, purchase small pots. Before filling them with soil, wash them under running water. And after filling with soil (sand and peat), pour water on them. The next day you can plant the seeds. Make shallow grooves in a pot of soil where you scatter large seeds. Then cover these seeds again with a layer of soil. Small seeds of some flowers can be mixed with sand and then scattered on the surface of the soil. Close the pots with planted seeds plastic bag and put them in a warm and shaded place.
Thanks to high humidity Under the bag and at a certain temperature, the seeds will swell and “wake up”. After some time, the first shoots will appear. Cruciferous seeds will germinate faster (4 days), while phlox, snapdragon and many others seeds will germinate in 10 to 20 days. You can take into account some nuances for rapid seed germination. For example, if you place pots of petunia or purslane seeds in the light, they will germinate faster, while verbena or phlox like complete darkness.
As soon as the first shoots sprout, open the pots slightly and let the plants “breathe”. After a couple of days, you can completely remove the polyethylene from the pots and move the seedlings to the windowsill. Make sure that the sun does not hit them, otherwise they will stretch out. Water the seedlings as the soil dries out to prevent the tender roots from rotting. As soon as the summer weather returns to normal outside and the soil warms up, take the flowers out into the flowerbed. Plant them however you like, but make sure that the shorter plants are not obscured by the taller ones. Water the flowers sparingly, avoiding doing so on damp or rainy days.
Most annual plants require 80-100 days after germination to flower. Add to this time several days (3-5) for adaptation to street conditions. If you calculate the time correctly and plant flowers outside on time, then by the end of summer you will receive beautiful flower bed. Perennial flowers do not bloom in the first year after planting, so there is no need to rush with their seedlings. Seedlings of perennials can be planted immediately in open ground in May - July, and in the fall they can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Are you already finished summer season, “mothballing” the house for the winter and saying goodbye to your plants until spring? There is a reason to visit the dacha again, because you didn’t sow flowers before winter! This process will bring little trouble, and in the spring you will thank yourself for your foresight. After all, annual and perennial flowers sown before winter are practically free flower seedlings, which will also bloom two weeks earlier. We will tell you in this publication what flowers you can sow before winter.
Summer plants that can be sown before winter
1. Alyssum marine and lobularia marine
Pre-winter sowing of these very similar (both in appearance and in care), but still different colors allows you to obtain strong, hardened seedlings adapted to open ground conditions.
A bed for sowing is chosen with loose soil, with an acidity close to neutral. Alyssum seeds ( Alyssum maritimum) and lobularia ( Lobularia maritima) are very small, so they can be sown mixed with river sand. Seeds are sown in frozen soil; it is advisable to mulch the crops.
2. Annual aster, or Callistephus sinensis
When sowing asters (Callistephus chinensis) in winter, the risk of fungal diseases that cause serious damage to these flowers is reduced. And the plants themselves bloom much earlier than when sown in spring.
For winter sowing of asters, it is very important to choose the right location. Plants need a sunny area with loose soil to grow and bloom. neutral acidity. It is advisable to choose marigolds or calendula as predecessors. You cannot plant asters after the asters, tulips, and gladioli themselves.
It is advisable to prepare a raised bed, 15-20 cm high, so that water will not stagnate on it, and in the spring it will warm up quickly enough.
Under no circumstances should fresh manure be added to the bed for sowing asters. After preparing the furrows for sowing, they need to be watered with the preparations “Maxim” and “Fitosporin” to prevent the spread of fungal diseases.
Aster seeds remain viable for no more than three years, and the closer the expiration date of the seeds, the worse they germinate, so before winter, aster seeds need to be sown quite often, on the assumption that not all of them will germinate. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2 cm, covered with prepared dry soil on top. You can additionally mulch the bed with sawdust or peat.
3. Marigolds
There are conflicting opinions about the possibility of sowing marigolds (Tagetes) before winter. The thing is that marigold seeds need warmth to germinate. And with a lack of heat and excess moisture, the seeds can simply rot. Therefore, it is better to sow heat-loving marigolds before winter in regions with not very cold winter And early spring.
In cold climates, such sowing is quite risky. Experienced gardeners advise trying sowing marigolds before winter not in open ground, but in a greenhouse. Such crops must be covered with a layer of peat for the winter.
4. Godetia
An elegant flower for flower beds and borders. Godetia is also very good in flowerpots and containers. Planting godetia seeds before winter allows you to achieve earlier and more abundant flowering. Similar to sowing marigolds, godetia seeds are recommended to be sown in regions with sufficient warm winter. But many gardeners from colder regions successfully grow godetia and sow it before winter.
It is advisable to sow the seeds immediately in a permanent place. The plant prefers a sunny location and fertile soil. Crops need to be mulched to protect them from frost and excess moisture.
5. Calendula, or Marigold
Even for inexperienced gardeners, sowing and growing calendula (Calendula) does not cause any difficulties. The plant is distinguished by its unpretentiousness. Calendula is a cold-resistant crop; it sprouts without problems in the spring after sowing before winter.
You can sow calendula seeds in almost any soil. Sowing can be done in a seedling bed or directly in a permanent place - the plant easily tolerates replanting. If you plan to grow calendula in containers, you can sow the seeds directly into them, making sure to provide drainage there.
6. Cosmea, or Space
Cosmos are very beautiful and at the same time unpretentious flowers, for which they are loved by many summer residents. Sowing cosmos seeds before winter will not cause any problems. It often reproduces itself by self-sowing. In this case, in the spring, excess shoots can be removed.
Sunny areas with well-drained, loose soil are ideal for sowing cosmos. If the soil is too nutritious, the plant will begin to grow green mass to the detriment of flowering, so do not overuse fertilizers. As a rule, cosmos is sown immediately in a permanent place.
7. Lavatera
Lavatera, popularly also called wild rose- another unpretentious beautiful flower. It is an ideal low-maintenance flower garden plant and is suitable for growing in containers, beds and borders.
The plant is very unpretentious, but it still develops better in well-lit areas with light, loose soil. The plant is absolutely undemanding in terms of mineral nutrition; fertilization before planting is necessary only on very poor and depleted soil.
Before winter, lavatera seeds are usually sown immediately in a permanent place. It is advisable to mulch the crops for the winter.
8. Phlox Drummond
The seeds of annual phlox (Phlox Drummondii) are frost-resistant, so the plant can be successfully sown before winter. However, it must be taken into account that during prolonged thaws, seeds may germinate ahead of time, and seedlings may die from return frosts. Therefore, it is necessary to provide shelter for crops with phlox.
Ideal option- small arches or an inverted vegetable box with stretched covering material.
9. Californian Eschscholzia
Sowing Eschscholzia californica before winter is one of the simplest methods for growing it. With this sowing, the seeds undergo natural stratification, and the seedlings bloom much earlier compared to spring. Eschscholzia does not tolerate transplantation well, so it is immediately sown in a permanent place.
The site for sowing is chosen to be sunny with loose, breathable soil. It is advisable to mulch the crops.
In addition to the annual flowers described above, before winter you can sow: field cornflower, annual delphinium, Iberis, kochia, snapdragon antirrinum, annual poppy, matthiola.
Biennial and perennial flowers that can be sown before winter
10. Aquilegia
Aquilegia is a charming plant with lacy foliage. Widely used to decorate flower beds, borders, and mixborders. Very popular because of its unpretentiousness.
Aquilegia seeds must undergo stratification in cold conditions, so autumn sowing is preferable. Aquilegia does not like transplanting; it is better to sow it immediately in a permanent place. The plant prefers partial shade and loose, humus-rich soil. When sowing, the seeds do not need to be deeply buried in the soil, just sprinkle them a little. The bed with crops must be covered with mulch.
11. Alpine aster
Growing alpine aster (Aster alpinus) from seeds is not difficult. It can be sown before winter or in spring in May. Autumn sowing is preferable; after stratification under natural conditions, the seeds germinate much better. Aster seeds are quite small; it is better to sow them in boxes or containers and then dig them into the ground. But you can immediately move to a permanent place.
To grow aster, you need to choose sunny or partial shade. The bed must be on a slightly elevated place. The plant does not grow well in damp or damp places. The crops are sprinkled with a thin layer of humus. It is better to mulch them for the winter.
12. Badan
The process of growing bergenia (Bergenia) from seeds is quite difficult. Seeds need cold stratification for germination, and in the spring they need to be at a certain temperature. The seeds and seedlings are very small, and the seedlings develop quite slowly. For this reason, when sowing bergenia seeds, it is important to adhere to a certain technology:
- Before sowing, seeds must be treated with a fungicide to prevent diseases, for example, “Fitosporin”;
- seeds should be sown in boxes with loose soil to a depth of no more than 0.5 cm;
- The box with the crops will need to be kept outside, under the snow. In this way, seed stratification will take place.
In the spring, at the beginning of March, the boxes need to be brought into a room where, at a temperature of 18-19°C, the seeds will germinate within about a month. Crops should be kept in a bright place, but not in direct sunlight.
As seedlings emerge, you need to monitor the soil moisture. The soil should not be dry or excessively wet. The seedlings develop very slowly, they can be planted into pots when they reach a height of 10-12 cm. The plants will bloom in 3-4 years.
13. Gypsophila
Gypsophila (Gypsophila) does not tolerate transplantation very well; it must be sown immediately in a permanent place. Gypsophila can grow in one place for a very long time, so it is important to immediately choose the right one for them. Plants grow greatly over the years, so gypsophila is placed quite freely - 2-3 plants per square meter.
For sowing, you need to choose an open sunny place, preferably with loose soil. sandy loam soil. If the soil is dense, be sure to add small pebbles and sand to it. The area should be dry enough, without stagnant water - gypsophila can die if it is too wet.
14. Heuchera
Heuchera reproduces well by seeds, but it must be borne in mind that the seeds do not remain viable for so long. Heuchera seeds and shoots are very small, so sowing and caring for seedlings can be quite troublesome. It is more convenient to sow heuchera in boxes with loose, well-drained soil. The soil should not be acidic. The seeds do not need to be buried, just press them down a little.
15. Gentian
An interesting plant for rocky hills and rock gardens. Gentianas (Gentiana) are not yet very common in flower beds, perhaps due to the fact that they are not easy to grow from seed. To get gentian seedlings, you need to know that it necessarily needs long-term stratification in cold conditions. Under conditions of exposure to temperature changes and soil moisture, processes occur in the seeds that promote their germination.
It is better to sow gentian in boxes or pots with loose soil. Sprinkle the seeds with a layer of soil and bury the containers in the ground in a shady place. In the spring you need to make sure that the soil in them does not dry out.
Gentians sown in autumn usually germinate in May–June. It also happens that seeds that did not germinate in the spring germinate next year. Therefore, do not rush to throw the soil out of the boxes. The boxes should be kept in partial shade and the soil should be kept moist. And in winter, leave them outside again.
16. Delphinium
Growing delphinium from seeds is quite difficult. When sowing, be sure to consider the following:
- delphinium needs cold stratification, so it is preferable to sow it before winter;
- Only fresh delphinium seeds germinate well. If planting is postponed until spring, the seeds must be stored in the refrigerator;
- They can only be sown in light, loose soil. They usually do not germinate in heavy clay soil.
Delphiniums do not tolerate transplantation well, so it is advisable to sow them immediately in a permanent place. For sowing, you need to choose a sunny, wind-protected flower bed. The seeds are not sown deep, 2-3 mm, and the crops should be covered with mulch for the winter.
17. Carpathian bell
Usually Carpathian bellflower (Campanula carpatica) is sown just before winter. A well-lit place is chosen for sowing. Well-drained soil with an acidity close to neutral is preferable.
Soil preparation is standard; it consists of digging and applying fertilizers. Humus and sand are added to heavy soil. If the acidity is high - lime, dolomite flour or ash.
18. Lavender
Lavender (Lavandula) is a very attractive plant, but quite finicky when grown from seeds. If you are unable to get its seedlings to sprout, try sowing lavender before winter. The thing is that she definitely needs to go through the stage of cold stratification. If you sow in the spring, you will have to place the bowls with the crops in the refrigerator.
To sow lavender in open ground, you need to choose a sunny place, protected from the winds, always dry, without stagnant water. The soil for growing lavender should be loose and fertile. The plant does not grow well acidic soils, therefore, with high acidity, you need to add lime or wood ash in advance.
When planting, the seeds do not need to be buried too deeply into the soil, approximately 3-4 mm. You can sprinkle the grooves with the seeds with river sand. After sowing, the bed must be mulched for the winter, and with the onset persistent frosts– throw more snow on the garden bed.
Typically, seedlings appear in May–June. The seeds may sprout later, so there is no need to try to dig up the bed too early. When the seedlings appear, you need to control watering - the soil should be moist, but not flooded with water.
19. Lupine
Perennial lupins (Lupinus) are not only a bright decoration for a flower bed, but also a valuable green manure plant. Although, usually, annual lupine is sown as green manure. Unlike spring sowing, when sown before winter, the seeds sprout vigorously.
It is better to sow lupine immediately in a permanent place. When sowing, you need to take into account the size of adult plants; seeds should be planted at a distance of at least 25–30 cm. For sowing, it is advisable to choose a sunny or partial shade, soil with an acidity close to neutral. The plant does not tolerate close groundwater.
20. Primrose
Getting primrose (Primula) from seeds is not very easy; not every gardener can do it. Primrose seeds require stratification, so it is advisable to sow them before winter. It must be taken into account that the germination rate of seeds is quite low, especially if the seeds are not just collected. The seeds of the flower are small, and the seedlings are very small at first. Therefore, it is recommended to sow it not in a garden bed, but in a separate box.
The soil must be prepared very carefully before sowing. If the soil in the area is very dense, it will be difficult for small seedlings to break through. Therefore, the soil must be loose and well-drained. You can even stock up on good store-bought soil for sowing primrose. This soil will not contain weed seeds. And as a rule, ready-made soils good quality, very loose and light.
Primrose seeds are sown superficially, slightly covered with soil. It is better to place the box with crops in partial shade so that spring sun did not burn the tender shoots. It is necessary to carefully monitor soil moisture. Small seedlings can die even during short-term drought, and if there is excess moisture, they can suffer from waterlogging. Primrose seedlings develop quite slowly. And all this time the crops need careful care.
21. Nivyanik, or “garden chamomile”
Seeds of leucanthemum, or garden chamomile, as gardeners often call this flower, are distinguished by good winter hardiness; they can be sown both before winter and in early spring. With this sowing, the entrances will be stronger and more hardened.
The preparation of the bed and soil for sowing is standard; you can sow nevus in a seedling bed, or you can directly in a permanent place.
Dear readers! In addition to the plants listed above, you can sow aconite, arabis, buzulnik, gaillardia, helenium, doronicum, saxifrage, clematis, Levisia, flax, lychnis, spurge, aubrieta, sedum, rudbeckia, garden yarrow before winter. Biennial flowers include mallow, daisy, forget-me-not, and Turkish carnation.
As you can see, the list of flowers that can be grown by sowing before winter is quite large. Pre-winter sowing provides undeniable advantages, especially when sowing perennials.
And it’s also convenient. Therefore, try, if in doubt, sow some of the seeds in the fall, the other in the spring.
Planning the sowing of seedlings, sorting through multi-colored bags of seeds in our hands, we decide where to stop, we think about what we will grow through seedlings this year. Every year the market offers new varieties and hybrids of your favorite crops, and you really want to try growing something new. In the spring, our window sills turn into mini-plantations, where we nurture seedlings, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. Naturally, there is not enough space, the question arises: what flower seeds can be sown directly in the ground or in a greenhouse so as not to take up space on the windowsill?
You can put together a considerable selection of seeds of unpretentious flowers that do not require any particularly painstaking care. Sowing such plants is guaranteed throughout the summer.
What unpretentious flowers can be sown by direct sowing in the ground?
As soon as the soil warms up and you can begin to cultivate it, you can sow . These wonderful flowers bring a lot of joy. Cornflowers can be not only blue, but also pink, white, and burgundy. It is very easy to sow them, just scatter the seeds and lightly embed them in the ground. They sprout beautifully and then bloom almost all summer. In order for cornflowers to bloom longer and more abundantly, it is necessary to remove the faded heads.
The next plant is . Many gardeners grow it through seedlings, but in fact 
Alyssum can be sown directly into the ground. These flowers reproduce well by self-sowing. If faded bushes remain in the flowerbed until autumn, the seeds will certainly ripen and sprout next year. Alyssum emits a very pleasant honey aroma, so when choosing a place for sowing, it would be right to take this into account.
Eschszolzia also easily propagated by self-sowing. The faded heads contain many seeds; when they fall to the ground, they can germinate and form a beautiful flowering meadow. It would also be a good option to sow Eschscholzia somewhere under a fence or along a greenhouse. Eschscholzia has many colors, usually we see yellow, but there is pink, peach, white, apricot Eschscholzia. Eschscholzia seeds do not need to be embedded in the soil, that is, it is enough to scatter the seeds over the surface of the soil, level them with a rake, and then water them.
The next plant is well known to everyone - this . Nasturtium is represented by a mass of varieties, 
it can be either climbing or bush. Nasturtium is also sown by direct sowing into the ground somewhere in late April - early May. It germinates very well, it is important that the seeds are fresh, since the viability of nasturtium is quickly lost over time. Nasturtium has very large seeds, so sowing these flowers can be entrusted to a child.
Euphorbia fringed, this plant may be unknown to many. There are different varieties of milkweed, and they bloom all summer long. The flowers are very small, but due to their variegated colors beautiful leaves it can decorate any corner of the garden. Euphorbia can also be planted by direct seeding in the ground, and it also self-sows profusely.
Lavatera. Many gardeners love these flowers so much that they plant them every year. 
It is better to sow Lavatera in a bouquet; for this you need to make a small circle with a diameter of about 40-50 cm and plant a mixture of colors there. Sowing from late April to early May, lavatera has good germination. It begins to bloom somewhere in mid-summer.
Cosmea is a plant that is very easy to grow. You can try to grow new variety- terry cosmos. She looks extraordinary and is completely different from the usual cosmos. Very similar to roses. Sowing can be done directly into the ground, but you need to know that cosmos does not like cold soils, in which it will take a long time to germinate. There is another interesting variety of cosmos called “shells”; the petals of this species are rolled into a tube. But ordinary, familiar varieties of cosmos will decorate any corner of the garden with their bright multi-colored spots, and will look especially impressive in the front garden under the windows of a village house.
Many gardeners are familiar perennial It is known what difficulties can be with 
sowing perennial delphinium, it has low germination. But there is an annual delphinium that can be grown without seedlings. In this case, it blooms later than if it were grown through seedlings, but, nevertheless, it manages to bloom. Some flowers are already fading, while delphiums are just beginning to bloom. It is better to buy a mixture of varieties, where there are pink, white, and purple delphiniums at the same time.
There is another unpretentious plant that can be sown directly into the ground in the spring, this . You should know that there are perennial, biennial and annual rudbeckias. Annual rudbeckias sprout well when directly sown in the ground in May, and still have time to bloom. In the second half of summer you will have a “blazing fire” of blooming rudbeckia.
What plants can be sown in a greenhouse?
Annual flowers
In April, when the soil in greenhouses and greenhouses is warm enough, you can begin to sow flower seeds and then plant the grown seedlings in open ground. We remember that main goal Such crops save time and save space on window sills in houses or apartments.
So, the annual is a very beloved plant by everyone. Mixtures of asters are especially good, for example, “Princess Ball”. This variety has dense, densely double inflorescences. Asters sprout and develop well when planted in April.
Amaranthtailed is indispensable in decorative compositions plant, it goes well with heliopsis. Amaranth is especially magnificent in the fall. This flower does not like to be transplanted, so it is better to plant it in a permanent place at the earliest possible age. You can also sow amaranth in open ground, but then the decorative effect of amaranth begins a little later - somewhere towards the end of August. And when sown in a greenhouse, flowering will begin in mid-summer.
And, of course, one cannot help but mention marigolds. These are flowers that have a varied palette of colors and shapes; their presence is a must in every garden. There are very interesting varieties white, for example, the Albatross variety. These are low-growing flowers with large inflorescences. There is an interesting mixture of marigolds called “Mimimix”. They form a ball of many small flowers, creating an absolutely charming sight. Small-flowered, low-growing marigolds, about 20 cm high, are considered the easiest to grow.
Zinia You can also sow in April in a greenhouse. She doesn't like to be outgrown, which is usually 
occurs when grown on a windowsill. In order not to plant overgrown zinnia in open ground, and this can only be done after the end of return frosts, it is necessary to correctly calculate the time of sowing the seeds in the greenhouse. Zinnia is a beautiful flower with bright and varied colors, but it is very heat-loving, and the first light frost stops it from blooming.
The next recommendation is planting seeds decorative sunflower"Bear." This low growing plant 60–80 cm high, with charming double plush flowers. When sowing in a greenhouse, you can admire the flowering of sunflowers for a long period, but when sowing seeds directly into the ground, the development of the plant can significantly slow down.
Perennial and biennial flowers
This group of plants also does not require growing seedlings. They can be sown directly into the ground, but the development cycle will be two years, that is, in the first year, clusters of leaves will grow, and the next year flowering will begin. In biennial plants, the seeds ripen after the flowers have faded, that is, around the end of June, which is why these flowers can be sown at the beginning of summer, as if adjusting to their natural rhythm.
Forget-me-not can be sown in spring and early summer. Forget-me-nots have different colors: white, pink, blue. Forget-me-not looks very good on alpine slide or as a border along a garden path.
Daisies. They have high germination rate. They can also be sown in June. Blooming daisies will effectively decorate the edge of the path leading to the house.
Turkish clove well known to many. Now there is a wide variety of varieties of Turkish cloves, so you can choose exactly what you like. An extremely unpretentious, “not capricious” plant. Flower for beginner gardeners. Has a pleasant aroma.
Aquilegia, is a perennial that grows in one place for quite a long time - up to six years. Has a wide range of colors and shapes. You can sow the seeds at the end of June. By the end of summer, the plant will be well strengthened and will overwinter safely.
Similar articles
My question is that I, as a novice gardener, searching on many sites about sowing flowers with seeds in open ground before winter, find the same small list. But there are so many varieties!!! So I would like to know if anyone has this extended list? Share your experience of planting in the ground before winter. I really don’t want to set up a vegetable garden in my house! With respect to you! I'm looking forward to your answer!
(for example, too high temperature and humidity).
What are “annual plants”, “conditionally annual”, “perennial as an annual”.
Secrets of proper cultivation of annual plants
pinnate
Marigolds upright
Choosing a place to plant annuals
When the first 2-4 leaves appear on the seedlings, it must be pruned. Be sure to harden off annual seedlings before transplanting them “outside.” Transplanting seedlings into open ground usually begins in early May (depending on the region of your residence, the timing may shift in one direction or another). At the beginning of May, plants that are at least relatively resistant to frost are usually planted - for example, sweet peas or lobelia.
Despite the fact that everyone treats annuals differently, when spring comes, almost everyone plants them, and therefore they head to the stores for annual flower seeds, each time hoping that this year the plot will sparkle with bright colors.
Flowers planted before winter will differ good growth, resistance to diseases and weather conditions. Also, by sowing seeds before winter, you free up time in the spring. And that’s when he’s missing. I haven't seen your list, I'll give you mine. If you have other plants, please share with us. Annuals: marigolds; knapweed; mignonette; cosmos; nasturtium; amaranth; delphinium; matthiola. Poppy, summer adonis, sea alyssum, Chinese aster, Chinese carnation, godetia grandiflora. Iberis bitters and umbelliferae, calendula officinalis, clarkia marigold, lavatera three months. Lobularia marine, snapdragon, malcolmia maritima, matthiola bicornuum, fragrant mignonette, Drummond phlox, chrysanthemum.
Most often, hyacinths are affected by bacterial rot, due to which the bulbs eventually turn into mucus with unpleasant smell. Unfortunately, it is pointless to fight this problem. Therefore, they should simply be dug up and burned, and the hole where the plants were planted should be etched with bleach or a 5% formaldehyde solution.
By the way, landscape design on a slope with hyacinths it will look very interesting, especially if you combine flowers with other plants and decorative elements.
Preparing the soil for annuals
Growing annual seedlings
Planting annuals directly into the ground
How to plant annuals - methods
Annual plants with fast life cycle planted directly in open ground. The same applies to those plants that either do not tolerate transplantation well or do not tolerate it at all.
Many people succeed in this, many spend the whole summer caring for them and curse themselves for getting involved, and the gardener’s experience here is far from the main indicator of success - after all, the weather conditions that have developed during the season also play a big role and of course the quality of the seeds, which, unfortunately, We in Russia, frankly speaking, are unimportant, since honesty and decency are not held in high esteem by many seed producers.
Biennials: daisy; forget-me-not; Turkish cloves; Viola.
Unfortunately, it will be possible to plant hyacinths in this place only after a few years.
It is important to prepare the soil for hyacinths in advance, and it is advisable to begin work several months before planting.
VII-X
Planting dates and flowering times of annual flowers - table
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Planting of annual seeds in open ground begins at the end of April, but if the annual is poorly frost-resistant (like a bean vine or nasturtium), then wait until the first weeks of May, and sometimes even the middle of May. |
So the situation when in the picture a plant with flowers the size of a good apple in practice throws out flowers hardly larger than a matchbox is not uncommon, and the reason for this is the notorious Photoshop and the opinion - if only they bought it. The seed producer simply enlarges the picture of the flower, and at the same time embellishes it, and we, having not received the result for which we bought the seeds, then curse ourselves and give anti-advertising of the variety and type of plant to our neighbors in our summer cottage. |
Perennials: bellflower; primrose; carnation; aster; lumbago; aquilegia. Lavender, aconite, alpine arabis, buzulnik, gaillardia, heuchera, gypsophila, delphinium, dicentra. Lupine, oriental poppy, small petals, spurge, poppy, rudbeckia. |
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Seeds of cold-resistant annual and biennial plants can be sown immediately in open ground - first in a seedling bed, and then, when the seedlings grow up, transplant them to a permanent place. |
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To do this, choose a place where humus, sand, peat, 50 grams of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 10 grams of magnesium are added. If the soil on your site is sandy, the amount of magnesium fertilizers needs to be increased by 1.5-2 times. Many, by the way, are concerned about the question of whether it is possible to plant hyacinths in the spring, since traditionally they are planted in open ground in the fall, so that they begin to grow in March-April. |
sun, partial shade |
sun |
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There are actually only two ways - either in a bunch or in a row. |
Therefore, purchasing seeds only from reliable manufacturing companies is a matter of paramount importance. |
Look through flower shop catalogs. |
In this way, mainly spring-blooming biennials are grown: daisies, lacfioles, forget-me-nots, etc. |
However, if you plant plant bulbs in transparent containers for the winter, you can carry out work in spring time, the main thing is that the severe frosts pass. |
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Sweet pea |
Marigolds (calendula) |
sun |
sun |
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With the first method, plant annuals in groups located at the same distance. The whole difference is in the cycle of life. Relatively speaking, annuals, living up to their name, sprout and grow after planting, and during the growing season they bloom, after which they form seeds. |
You can sow them, but how can you find them among the weeds in the spring? Maybe sow in containers and leave the containers outside until spring? |
You can also grow cold-resistant annuals, although most often the seedlings of these flowers are grown under glass and planted in open ground in April - May. |
To prevent rain from washing away the prepared soil, the soil must be covered before planting using leaves or thin plywood sheets. At the same time |
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Gypsophila |
Lobelia |
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For the second time (in a row), sow the seeds, pressing them into prepared, loose soil or into holes made with a flat cutter. It is best to sow annuals such as nasturtium, shower peas, and decorative beans nearby. |
As for conditionally annual flowers and plants or perennials grown as annuals, the condition for dividing them into these two groups is the climate of Russia - in the places of their original growth, in their homeland, these plants are perennials, but in our conditions they will simply freeze in winter and will have to replant again, although its main role is to please us beautiful flowers they perform successfully. |
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This year I want to try planting flower seeds before winter for the first time. To do this, I dug three five-liter plastic buckets into the ground in the flower beds. The buckets have already prepared soil for planting seeds. For now I covered the buckets with cellophane film. When it’s really cold, I’ll sow the seeds, sprinkle the top with pre-prepared soil (now stored in the house so it doesn’t freeze), then cover it with snow. I use buckets because my area is very small. Perhaps in the spring I will remove them from the ground, move them to another place, and sow something else in this place. I want to ask you: is it possible to do as I plan? And also, if you know, tell me, is it possible to sow Cortaderia before winter? Thank you. |
Some cold-resistant annuals do not like transplanting; it is better to sow the seeds of such plants immediately in open ground. If their seedlings were grown under glass, then they need to be planted one at a time into separate pots or tray cells and, after growing, carefully planted in a permanent place in the garden. |
Flower bulbs should be healthy and of medium size - this will make the flowers more resilient and susceptible to bad weather conditions. |
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Zinnia graceful |
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The main problem when growing annuals on a plot, cottage or in a flower garden, depending on the purpose of cultivation, is their annual planting or, more correctly, replanting if you like the plant. In this case, there are only two ways - buying and sowing seeds of annual crops or buying and planting flowering or non-flowering seedlings. |
It's no secret that hyacinth is the type of flower that blooms among the first, filling the space around bright color and quite fragrant aroma. Their color range is quite diverse. The plant is considered universal, adapting well to open ground. Planting hyacinth flowers in the ground and caring for them, we will consider the basic rules for planting in this article. |
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Seeds of cold-resistant biennials are sown in the ground in late spring - early summer. Cold-hardy annuals are usually sown in the spring, when the soil is dry enough to make a bed and warm enough for the seeds to germinate quickly. |
. Plant bulbs are planted to a depth of about 15 cm; if hyacinths are planted in a row in the spring, there should be a distance of 20 cm between them. Bulbs smaller than 5 cm in diameter are planted denser. |
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Seeds of annuals that you constantly grow are best prepared and collected on warm sunny days, when they are completely dry. Annual seeds must be stored in a cool, dry place for 2 to 4 years. |
In addition to this, it is also necessary to prepare a place for planting and growing them. |
The place for them should have good lighting and protection from strong gusts of wind. Some gardeners advise planting them near trees. But if there is enough sun there, then powerful roots will absorb from the ground more water and useful elements, thus causing damage to the flowers. |
The seeds of some cold-resistant annuals (larkspur, cornflower, calendula, iberis and cachima) can be sown in the fall. When sown in open ground in autumn, these plants bloom earlier than when sown in spring. |
Pour river sand into each hole with a layer of about 3 cm, after which we lay the bulbs and sprinkle with soil. Sand in this case will act as protection against waterlogging and infections. In the event that hyacinths will be planted in large quantities in the spring, then it is best to do raised beds, because then caring for the plant will become much more convenient and faster. If a cold snap is planned, be sure to cover the plants with sawdust or peat. |
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It is always better to test your own seeds (as well as purchased ones) for germination. To do this, take 15-30 seeds, place them in a flat dish, cover and place in a warm place. Depending on the number of sprouts, the percentage of germination is calculated; a percentage of 60 can be considered an acceptable germination figure. |
Yes general condition proper cultivation annuals is the fact that they do not tolerate any soaking of the soil in the area that you have allocated for them, or the lack of garden drainage in this place, as well as shade in this place. |
Therefore, the area should be unshaded and level. It would be great if it had a slight slope so that water would not stagnate. If groundwater passes half a meter from ground level, then drainage must be installed. |
Use a pitchfork to dig up a plot of land that is well heated by the sun and away from trees. Add peat (but not fertilizer), level and press it down, and lightly loosen the soil surface with a rake. If possible, arrange the beds in a new location every year. For cultivation flower seedlings Areas that were previously planted with vegetable crops are excellent. |
Feeding is as important a procedure as planting hyacinths in the spring, because plant bulbs require a lot of nutrients for normal development. First of all, these are mineral fertilizers, which are applied as soon as the snow melts. The best and most effective include potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate. |
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What do F1 and F2 mean on seed packages |
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The fertility of the soil in this area is also an important condition, so applying complex fertilizers will significantly simplify your task of decorating your dacha or area with annual flowers. True, there are plants that are less demanding on soil fertility - such an example would be garden cornflowers, which grow equally well on humus-rich soil or on extremely clayey soil. |
The soil composition must allow water to pass through well, be fertilized, and contain a high percentage of humus. If the area is clayey, you can add sand and peat. Hyacinth does not respond well to soil acidity. |
The grooves should be located at a distance of 15-30 cm from each other. Their depth should be sufficient so that the seeds can be covered with a layer of soil twice the diameter of the seed. Never water the garden bed immediately after sowing - dry soil should be watered before you sow the seeds into it. |
After the buds appear, a second feeding is carried out using mineral nutrients. The third time only potassium chloride is added. At the same time, each time you add nutrients, you must loosen the soil, this way you will give the flower’s bark system the air it needs. Important care tips: |
Ipomoea, field mixture |
Garden nasturtium |
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These seeds cannot be further propagated at home. The whole point is that they do not produce seeds, or they produce seeds that do not convey the qualities and properties of the parent. My repeated attempts to prepare and grow banal tomatoes from F1 varieties have never led to success - the most I managed to achieve was very average yields, which, of course, cannot be compared with the parent varieties either in weight or taste. |
Annuals have played and continue to play one of the leading roles in garden design. |
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The place for future planting should be prepared in August, a couple of months before planting. This is so that soil sediment does not cause the root system of the flower bulb to break off. It is necessary to dig up the soil about forty centimeters, adding humus or manure (up to 15 kg per 1 square meter), peat and mineral-containing fertilizer compounds. |
Seeds need to be sown sparingly. Do not pour the seeds directly from the bag. Place some of the seeds in your palm and release them in a thin stream between the large and index fingers. Try to leave a gap of 0.5 cm between the seeds. After sowing, carefully fill the furrow with soil and press it down with the back of a rake or with your hand. |
It is important to loosen the soil with a rake and remove the first weeds that appear, which can destroy the hyacinths; |
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Annual plants and flowers sown directly into the ground |
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Given their diversity, one can make up millions of the most diverse garden compositions. Annuals can compensate for the emptiness of some places on the site; with their help you can also decorate the tree trunks of fruit trees, fruit trees, and also simply plant them directly in the lawn. |
It is necessary to plant in September. The bulbs will take root and have time to prepare for winter. Early planting can cause the growth of a plant that will definitely die in winter. |
Do not water; in dry weather, cover the garden bed with newspaper. The seeds of some plants need to be protected from birds. To do this, stretch a wire over the bed or place brushwood on it. |
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Water the flowers abundantly, to a depth of 20 cm, but not too often; |
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So for the front garden, gypsophila, the cornflowers mentioned above, or cosmos are suitable. To decorate the fence in the same front garden, you can take sweet peas or a bean vine. |
The area for feeding the bulb is 15 x 20 cm, planting depth is 15 cm. This is for large bulbs. Medium and smaller ones can be planted a little more often and not so deep. If the soil is dry when planting, it is recommended to slightly moisten it. |
When the seedlings have their first true leaves, the crops need to be thinned out. Leave one plant for every 5 cm in the rows. Ten days later, thin out the crops again, leaving 10 cm between seedlings of small plants, and 45 cm between seedlings of large ones. |
When diseased plants appear, they need to be removed and burned; otherwise, diseases and pests can spread to other plants. |
Annual flowers - photo
vsaduidoma.com
Planting hyacinths in spring - rules for planting in open ground!
Preparing the site and soil for planting
Sowing dates
For borders (both creating flowers and flowers and “planting” ready-made ones, for example these ones made of wood), it is customary to use marigolds and lobelia. The good thing about nasturtium is that it can be used to surround even ordinary vegetable beds in any garden (customary among the Germans).
Planting hyacinths in spring - planting rules
If there are a lot of bulbs, they can be planted in rows, making the height of the bed about twenty centimeters to protect the bulbs from melt water. In spring, the earth will warm up and hyacinths will begin to grow. Biennial seedlings are dug up in the fall and transplanted to a permanent place.Improper care can lead to negative consequences. So, for example, the lack sunlight and excessive watering leads to yellowing of the leaves and their elongation. If water gets on the buds, they may simply not open.
Feeding and other care for hyacinths
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How to protect hyacinths from harmful factors?
Distance between plants The main thing that you need to take into account is this measure - try to make sure that the area blooms evenly all year - some have faded, others have begun to bloom.Not everything is simple here, because the flower needs close care. The soil around it should be free of weeds and constantly loosened. Watering must be done in such a way as to wet the soil fifteen centimeters deep. Seedlings of annuals sown in spring are transplanted to a permanent place in May, when the soil warms up.There may also be problems with the lack of buds. This can be caused by several reasons:sun, partial shade
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Summer residents who have recently joined the ranks of flower growers, as a rule, start with the same thing - by visiting various garden centers, Internet sites, exhibitions, and collectors' sites. After all, there are so many interesting plants on offer (mostly perennials) that “you just can’t pass by”!
Alas, the “buying rage” is often far ahead of planning plantings and understanding which plants will actually feel good and look beautiful in your garden.
Therefore, the first advice to gardeners (and especially beginners): do not rush to immediately purchase a lot of perennial flowers! Limit yourself to those whose planting sites have already been prepared. And the craving for variety can easily be satisfied with annuals. Most of these crops are not difficult to cultivate; their range can be updated annually, thereby changing the appearance of the garden - a great help in planning! In addition, annuals are so bright and beautiful that it is difficult to imagine any garden or flower garden without them: from the simplest to the most sophisticated.
These gorgeous dahlias can be grown from seed! F1 ‘Hello Gorgous Shades’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Raising virgin soil
Summer gardens are especially useful when you are going to start a flower garden in a new area with uncultivated soil. Many novice flower growers have the opinion that it is better to start with perennial plants: they say, once you plant them, no worries. But what is really happening? After all, even if you don’t get involved with capricious crops, of which there are quite a few among perennials, but plant the most undemanding species and varieties, but in a poorly prepared place, then:
In flower beds of perennial plants, you do not have the opportunity to dig the soil deeply with the addition of organic fertilizers and thereby improve it;
Weeds, the seeds and pieces of rhizomes of which are difficult to get rid of in one dig of the soil, are intertwined with roots cultivated plants, and removing them can be very difficult;
In new areas it is difficult to immediately plan flower beds, and moving perennial bushes from place to place is often not very easy.
The second piece of advice naturally follows from this: start “developing virgin soil” by planting annual flowers. Indeed, as a result of autumn or spring digging of flower beds with the addition of organic matter, you can significantly increase the fertility and structure of the soil and clear the area of most weeds.
Convinced? Are you already going to the store to buy seeds? And for which ones?
Calendula officinalis series ‘Pacific’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Smart choice
Selecting flyers for spring planting, you shouldn’t buy all the bags of seeds with the photos you like in a row. First, evaluate your capabilities: can you grow them without unnecessary hassle?
It is better for an inexperienced or busy gardener to pay attention to those species that are sown directly into the ground. These are: pink helipterum (acroclinum), calendula, cosmos, clarkia, lavatera, annual poppies, matthiola, blue cornflower, godetia, dimorphotheca, eschscholzia, venidium, nemesia, iberis, mignonette, etc. In central Russia you can go straight to the flower garden sow some “seedling” crops - callistephus (annual aster), marigolds, especially b. rejected, helychrysums, zinnias, Drummond phlox, sweet peas and some other species, but in this case their flowering will come late, only in the second half, or even at the end of summer.
Crops grown through seedlings are somewhat more complex than the previous ones. However, they, in turn, can also be divided into several groups. Seedlings of such species as marigolds, zinnias, amaranths, annual dahlias, coleus, celosia, and annual chrysanthemums are the easiest to grow. Their seeds are sown in boxes (on window sills, loggias) or in the soil of greenhouses in mid-April, and planted in the ground at the end of May, when the threat of return frosts has passed.
The next group of summer growers has a longer period of obtaining high-quality seedlings and requires a little more patience and experience. Their seeds are sown about a month earlier - in mid-March, boxes with crops are placed on light windowsills or in greenhouses. Such crops include ageratum, alyssum, arctotis, annual aster, verbena, gatsania, Chinese carnation, helichrysum, sweet pea, kochia, gillyflower, lobelia, snapdragon, perilla, petunia, salvia, sweet tobacco, Drummond phlox.
And finally, the last group includes species that have the longest period of development in seedlings. They are sown in January - February in heated greenhouses or in room conditions on special racks with lighting installations. For the first month or two, boxes with crops and seedlings must be illuminated with special lamps, since otherwise the seedlings stretch out and die. Such crops include: Chabot carnation, tuberous begonia, viola (Vitrocca violet), statice, heliotrope, fuchsia and some other species. I would not recommend growing them from seeds to inexperienced gardeners.
Living Rainbow
Let's get acquainted with the most interesting and relatively uncomplicated annual flower crops for beginning gardeners.
Calendula
Calendula officinalis (Calendula officinalis) is one of the most common and well-known plants, blooming in abundance in country flower beds and rural front gardens. Over many centuries of cultivation, dozens, if not hundreds, of calendula varieties have been created, differing in plant size - from low, border plants, about 25-30 cm in height, to large bushes up to 80 cm in height; the form of inflorescences, which can be non-double, chamomile-shaped, and double, imbricated and even anemone-shaped. But the greatest variety is in its color: from the common yellow, orange, apricot to cream, dark brown, burgundy, pinkish or greenish, plain or variegated.
Calendula officinalis ‘Apricot Twist’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
In the garden, calendula looks good in front gardens, mixed borders, flower beds, ornamental gardens, and annual flower lawns. Low growing varieties You can grow them on balconies and in containers, make ridges and borders out of them. In addition, its inflorescences are excellent for cutting.
How to grow?
Calendula is an extremely undemanding crop and easy to cultivate. Its seeds are sown in open ground from April to June inclusive, and also before winter - in November. It is better to choose a bright place for it; it is undemanding to soil, although it prefers neutral loams. If the seedlings turn out to be too dense, it is advisable to thin them out to a distance of 5-10 cm. Plants should be watered moderately, only in dry times. On nutrient-poor soils, it is advisable to feed them once every 2-3 weeks with complex mineral fertilizers. Flowering of plants begins 45-50 days after sowing and continues until late autumn.
What's in my name?
In its homeland, in the Mediterranean countries, calendula blooms all year round, which is why it got its name: calendae translated from Latin means “the first day of every month.” The Russian name, ‘marigolds’, was given to the plant for the shape of its seeds, which actually resemble the claws of animals and birds.
Calendula officinalis ‘Orange Button’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
This is interesting
Calendula is a valuable medicinal plant. Gargling with an infusion of its inflorescences perfectly heals a sore throat, compresses with a decoction of calendula will help to quickly heal wounds, bruises and dislocations, and calendula extract is widely used in cosmetic products for skin and hair care.Cosmea
Cute multi-colored “daisies” of cosmos, or Cosmos, can often be found in home flower beds and rural front gardens. They have long won the hearts of flower lovers with their cheerful disposition, diversity and unpretentiousness.
Currently, two types of cosmos can be found in our gardens. The most well-known and familiar species of cosmos bipinnatus (C. bipinnatus) forms powerful (or not so) branched bushes 50-120 cm high, with highly indented leaves and rather large inflorescences (from 5 to 12 cm in diameter) of a chamomile shape. The color of reed flowers can be white, pink, red, burgundy, the disc of tubular flowers is yellow.
Another species that appeared here relatively recently, but quickly gained popularity among gardeners, is the sulfur-yellow cosmos (C. sulphureus). It has smaller inflorescences (4-7 cm in diameter), the petals of which are slightly curved inwards in the shape of a rose and are colored yellow-orange-red. The height of the plant can be from 30 to 150 cm.
Cosmos doubly pinnate terry. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
In terms of use in the garden, cosmos are very similar to calendula. They are grown in flowerbeds and mixborders, in the front gardens of rural houses. It is convenient to make scenes from high varieties of cosmos and decorate fences and walls of buildings with them. Low varieties, especially sulfur-yellow varieties, can be used to create borders and decorate containers and balcony boxes with them. Low, small-flowered forms of C. bipinnate are often included in annual flower (Moorish) lawns.
Cosmos is doubly pinnate, a mixture of colors. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
How to grow?
Cosmos double-pinnate is a cold-resistant and light-loving plant, while sulfur-yellow is more thermophilic and feels good only in relatively hot summers. Both species are drought-resistant and undemanding to soils, but grow better in loose, not very nutritious soils - “overfed” plants grow powerful, but bloom poorly.
Just like calendula, cosmos is sown in open ground starting in April.
What's in my name?
Cosmos is translated from Greek as “decoration”. Indeed, the name matches the plant!
Cosmosser yellow. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Lavatera
The colorful Lavatera trimestris (Lavatera trimestris) always attracts attention in the garden. But this is not only why gardeners love her so much, but also for her long-lasting abundant flowering and flexible character. Lavatera is a rather powerful, branched, fast-growing plant with a height of 60 to 150 cm. During flowering, from late June to autumn, it is covered with large (6-10 cm in diameter), funnel-shaped flowers, painted white, pink or red.
Lavatera three-month-old ‘Novella’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
Long-lasting, generous, bright flowering and unpretentiousness make Lavatera desirable for any flower garden - flower bed, border, border, mixborder. The flowers stand well as cut flowers. Compact varieties can be used to decorate containers or garden vases.
Lavatera three months old ‘Mont Blanc’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
How to grow?
Lavatera is cold-resistant, light-loving, drought-resistant, and does not like waterlogging. Grows well on various soils, but feels better and blooms more abundantly on light, fertile soils.
Seeds are sown directly into the ground in early May, in nests of 2-3 seeds at a distance of 25-30 cm. It is also possible to sow seeds in a line at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. In dry weather, plants must be watered, otherwise their growth will slow down and flowering will not be abundant. In May - June, it is advisable to carry out 3-4 fertilizing with complex fertilizers at intervals of 10-15 days.
What's in my name?
Lavatera received its name in honor of the Lavater brothers, famous German doctors and naturalists.
Eschszolzia
The multi-colored silky flowers of Californian Eschscholzia californica are very similar to small poppies, for which they received popular name California poppy The plant forms a low branched bush 15-30 cm high with numerous, rather long (up to 60 cm), lodging shoots. At the top of the shoots there are bright, shiny, large (up to 5-8 cm in diameter) single flowers: double or non-double, with smooth or corrugated petals of various colors - creamy white, yellow, orange, salmon, red. The leaves of Eschscholzia are also exceptionally elegant: strongly dissected, openwork, covered with a bluish waxy coating.
Eschscholzia Californian terry. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
California poppy can be grown in flower beds, in flowerbeds, mixborders, made into borders, planted in spots on lawns, rock gardens, and ornamental gardens. They look beautiful in vases, containers and balcony boxes. Eschscholzia is often included in mixtures for annual flower (“Moorish”) lawns. The flowers stand well as cut flowers.
How to grow?
Eschscholzia is cold-resistant, light-loving, drought-resistant and very unpretentious. Prefers dry, sunny places and does not tolerate excess moisture. Blooms better and stays compact on poor conditions nutrients soils. In rainy weather the flowers close.
Propagated by seeds, which are sown in early May in open ground. In areas with light soil, winter sowing can be done. It is advisable to thin out shoots that are too dense to a distance of 5-10 cm. Flowering begins in the first half of July and continues until frost. Some varieties of Eschscholzia can produce abundant self-sowing.
What's in my name?
Eschscholzia is named after Dr. I. F. Eschscholz, a natural scientist from the Baltic states who lived in 1793-1831.
Eschscholzia Californian 'Apple Blossom'. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Marigold
Marigolds, marigolds, and Tagetes are one of the most famous and beloved annuals by many.
There are two types of marigolds most often used in gardening: b. rejected, or French (T. patula) - with a highly branched, spreading form of a bush 15-50 cm high, with single or double inflorescences of a single or variegated color, and b. erect, or African (T. erecta) - with more powerful and less branched plants 30-120 cm high and densely double inflorescences of a single color with a diameter of 10-15 cm. lately In gardens you can increasingly find another species - b. thin-leaved, or Mexican (T. tenuifolia, sin. T. signata), with thin stems 20-60 cm high, graceful strongly dissected leaves and a huge number of small non-double inflorescences with a diameter of 2-3 cm. Plain or with a contrasting spot in the center, they painted in bright yellow, lemon, orange tones.
Marigolds rejected ‘Carmen’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
Marigolds look harmonious in any flower beds, flower beds, borders, mixborders, and ornamental vegetable gardens. They can be used in containers and hanging baskets, or planted in balcony boxes. Despite their love of light, they can tolerate slight shading, so they can be used to decorate areas on the north side of buildings. In addition, they have a sanitary effect on the soil, destroying or repelling nematodes with secretions from their roots. For the same purpose, crushed marigold leaves can be added to the soil.
Thin-leaved marigolds, mixture of colors. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
How to grow?
All marigolds are heat-loving (cannot withstand even slight frosts), light-loving (but can tolerate slight shading), drought-resistant and very undemanding to soil. They easily tolerate transplantation at any stage of development, even during the period of full flowering.
Propagated by seeds, under conditions middle zone Russia - through seedlings, in the southern regions - by sowing in the ground. Seeds for seedlings are sown in the second half of April in greenhouses, but for more early flowering sowing is possible in March and even February. Seedlings are planted in boxes, pots or in greenhouse ridges at a distance of 5-7 cm from each other. During the period of growing seedlings, it is advisable to make 2-3 fertilizing with nitrogen or complex mineral fertilizers with an interval of 7-10 days.
Seedlings are planted in open ground in early June, when the threat has passed. spring frosts. The distance between plants when planting is from 15 to 40 cm, depending on the variety. Care consists of weeding and loosening the soil around the plants, and on poorly fertile soils, another 1-2 complex feedings are carried out.
Flowering at b. rejected ones begins 2-2.5 months after sowing, b. erect - after 2.5-3 months and b. thin-leaved - after 2 months.
What's in my name?
The common name - marigolds, or marigolds, was given to these plants for the velvety petals of the flowers, especially in dark-colored varieties, and they received the scientific name Tagetes in honor of the Etruscan god Tages, famous for his beauty and ability to predict the future.
Marigolds are erect. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Dahlias
Who doesn’t know the slender beauties of dahlias (Dahlia) with huge bright inflorescences that color our gardens in late summer and autumn? True, most large-flowered varieties are perennials, and their tubers must be dug up and stored in cool rooms before the onset of cold weather. But this is not always possible, so annual dahlias can be an excellent replacement.
For a long time there was an opinion that annual dahlias are medium-sized plants with medium-sized, non-double flowers, painted in various shades of white, yellow, orange and red. People called them that - “Jolly guys”, after the name of the most famous, ancient variety. By now, many annual dahlias have been created, which are not inferior in beauty and diversity to their perennial relatives.
Dahlia is an annual, collar-shaped inflorescence. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
Annual dahlias are planted in flower beds, ridges, and arrays. Low varieties can be grown in containers and balcony boxes.
How to grow?
Dahlias are a rather demanding crop in terms of cultivation conditions. They are very thermophilic, love fertile, moderately moist soils and sunny, windless areas.
Dahlia annual ‘Art Deco’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Seeds are sown in boxes in the first half of April, later seedlings are planted at a distance of 7-8 cm in pots or boxes. Young plants tolerate replanting well. They are planted in open ground in early June. The distance between plants depends on the variety and can be from 20 to 40 cm. It is very important to loosen the soil around the bushes in a timely manner, in hot weather - water abundantly and periodically, once every 2 weeks, feed with complex mineral or organic fertilizer. In August, feeding is stopped. Annual dahlias bloom in the first half of July and bloom profusely until the first frost.
What's in my name?
Dahlias, natives of Mexico, appeared in Europe in the 18th century, where they received two names at once - dahlias and dahlias. The first of them was given in honor of the famous Swedish botanist A. Dahl. And in 1803, the German botanist K. L. Wildenov gave the plant another name - dahlia (Georgina), in honor of his friend, botanist I. G. Georgi. Both names existed together for a long time, but recently the official botanical name of the genus has become the name dalia. The name “dahlia” took root only in our country.
Aster
The annual aster, or Chinese callistephus (Callistephus chinensis), is perhaps the most beloved “folk” summer plant in our country. In nature, this plant is about 80 cm high, with chamomile-like inflorescences of lilac-lilac color. However, over several centuries of cultivation appearance this culture has changed very much. Many hundreds of varieties have been created, differing in plant height (from 20 to 100 cm), bush shape (spherical, oval, columnar, pyramidal, spreading), leaf color (from light green to dark green with a purple bloom), flowering time ( from early ones, blooming on the 70th day after emergence, to late ones - on the 120-130th day).
But the callistephus inflorescences have undergone the greatest changes - in color, shape, size, doubleness, their number on the plant, etc. What colors are they not painted in! White, pink, red, salmon, yellow, blue, purple - almost every color of the rainbow, with the exception of bright orange and black. There are varieties with two-color inflorescences.
According to the method of application, asters can be divided into casing (border) - low, compact, abundantly flowering, cutting - tall, with long strong peduncles and universal - suitable for both landscaping and cutting. Most varieties of asters belong to the latter group.
Callistephus chinensis, ‘Milady’ series. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
Where to plant?
In garden plots, annual asters are planted in flowerbeds, ridges, and mixborders; low varieties are planted in borders, containers, balcony boxes, and rock gardens. Dwarf varieties used as a potted plant. And, of course, we should not forget that annual asters are one of the best garden cut crops.
Callistephus sinensis ‘Gala’. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
How to grow?
One of the main reasons for the enormous popularity of the annual aster is its undemanding nature. This plant is cold-resistant (can tolerate frosts down to -3-4 °C), light-loving, prefers sandy loam or loamy, loose, nutritious soils with a neutral reaction.
Aster is propagated by seeds both by seedlings and without seedlings. In the first case, the seeds are sown in late March - early April. Seedlings can be planted in open ground from mid-May. With the seedless cultivation method, the seeds are sown in the ground in early spring, as soon as the soil is ready. In the phase of 2-3 true leaves, seedlings are thinned out or planted at a distance of 10-15 cm.
Depending on the variety and method of cultivation, asters begin to bloom from late June to mid-August and continue until frost.
Callistephus sinensis ‘Minuet’, mixture of colors. Photo: AiF/ Elena Kolesnikova
What's in my name?
The name Callistephus was given to this flower by the French botanist Antoine Jussier: translated from Latin it means “beautiful wreath.”
