Do-it-yourself drum tumbling drawings. Do-it-yourself small tumbling machine. Tumbling drum: operating principle and features
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Seas and oceans, rivers and streams turn sharp-angled stones into pebbles over hundreds of years. Something similar can be achieved in a relatively short time using sanding agents. This process is called tumbling.
For tumbling the wrong natural stones machines with grinding drums are used.
Tumbling machine and the principle of its operation: a - machine (disassembled and assembled); b - start of machine operation; c - operation of the machine at reduced drum speeds; d - operation at optimal drum speed; d - work at increased drum speeds
There are two types of drums - narrow and wide. For drums of the first type, the length is less than the diameter, while for the second type it is vice versa. In narrow drums, grinding occurs faster because the stone experiences much more pressure in them than in a wide drum. Sanding drums must work without interruption long time and be almost silent. They are made from rubber, plastic, PCB, plexiglass. The drums are driven by an electric motor, through a V-belt drive, using plain bearings. With V-belt transmission, the diameter of the pulleys and the rotation speed of the electric motor are selected so that the tumbling drum rotates at a speed of 70-80 rpm. Sometimes a gearbox is used to reduce the speed of the electric motor. For loading and unloading stones, grinding powder and water, there is a hole in the side wall of the drum that is tightly closed with a lid.
Only those stones that have approximately the same hardness, viscosity and brittleness can be tumbled together. If this condition is not met, then some stones will be almost crushed, others will barely lose their edges. The dimensions of the tumbling drum depend on the size, weight and volume of the stones and are presented in the following table:
| Drum size, cm | Total weight of stones, kg | Size of stones, cm |
|---|---|---|
| 11x8 | 0,5 | up to 2 |
| 11x12 | 1,0 | up to 2 |
| 16x11 | 1,5 | up to 2 |
| 20x11 | 2,0 | up to 3 |
| 20x21 | up to 4.0 | up to 4 |
Fill the drum with stones, add grinding material (carborundum or electrocorundum with a powder grain size of 120 microns) at the rate of 60 g per 1 kg of stones and pour water to 3/4 of the drum volume. Sometimes a weak solution of washing powder is added, which softens the cutting ability of the abrasive and makes it easier to remove unnecessary material.
Tumbling hard stones will be speeded up if you put steel balls in the drum. There should be twice as many of them as stones. Most often, balls with a diameter of 3-8 mm are used. It is not profitable to take smaller ones, because their pressure on the stones is insignificant, tumbling will be delayed. Stones and balls should fill no more than 60% of the drum volume.
Good polishing can be achieved in 2-3 days. Once a day, the drum must be stopped (or more often if metal balls are used), opened, the resulting sludge removed and the stones being processed inspected.
When tumbling fine amber, washed quartz sand can be used instead of grinding powder.
Before polishing, thoroughly wash the stones and drum from grinding powder to avoid scratches during polishing, load the stones into the drum, fill them with water, add washing powder and add polishing material at the rate of 50 g per 1 kg of stones.
To prevent chipping of soft and fragile stones, the drum is sometimes filled 20% with scraps of leather, felt, paper, sawdust or a small plug.
Welcome to the page dedicated to finishing natural stone! Is it possible to process stone at home on your own and how can special equipment help with this? Process cleaning and grinding to obtain a polished surface with rounded edges is called stone tumbling, which refers to slabs of various parameters and shapes.
Processing hard materials To obtain streamlined edges, it is carried out using special tumbling equipment. It’s not easy to set up the process at home, but it’s possible if you choose suitable option equipment and strictly follow the instructions for use.
The level of complexity of processing natural stone depends on the type of material and its strength characteristics. Considering that the degree of hardness of most types natural stones exceeds the strength of abrasive chips, manipulation requires the use of proven specialized equipment, difficult to implement with your own hands at home.
Abrasive chips (used as a filler in processing equipment) or as they are also called lapping bodies, can have different shapes:
- prisms;
- cone;
- Cuba;
- cylinder, etc.
Centrifugal vibration units cope well with the task of grinding natural stones using lapping bodies of various shapes. They are easy to control, adjusting the friction force, and with it improving the decorative parameters of the stones.
Technology and types of tumbling
So, tumbling is finishing natural stones for creating jewelry. The process uses special tumbling fillers.
The type of tumbling depends on the option of mixing the abrasive filler inside the machine drum, the operating principle and options for fastening the products. The main types of installations for material processing with pros and cons are described below.
Tumbling drum: operating principle and features
We are talking about the most primitive and accessible machine for finishing material. It is made in the form of a multifaceted drum or cylinder. In relation to the axis it can be either standardly horizontal or vertical, or at a certain angle.
The drum is started using an electric motor. Finishing and cleaning of stone is carried out by mixing materials and abrasive chips in free space during operation of the installation. This car is considered the most affordable option for private jewelers. It is easy to use and quite small in size - these are the main advantages. Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the imperfection of the process, which has been replaced by more modern technologies.
The main disadvantages of a drum tumbling machine:
- Low speed compared to more updated versions of equipment, such as vibrators or rotors.
- Difficulties in separating abrasive chips and finished products(especially small ones) after finishing.
- Problems in implementing final polishing using the wet method.
- Inability to work with products and materials that require delicate finishing due to their special configuration.
- The processing process is completely closed to observation.
- Uneven grinding of materials with complex configurations.
- Noisy work, requiring mandatory soundproofing or a separate room.
The above disadvantages confirm that drum tumbling Suitable only for tumbling processes of minor complexity. For example, the machine is ideal for cleaning casting marks after the corresponding processes.
Tumbling vibration installation - what it is and how it works
Equipment of this type is in greatest demand among jewelers of any level. The machine is the same drum of a certain shape with a vibration drive attached to the body. The tumbling mixture and materials for processing are loaded inside the drum. Additionally, solutions of compounds for wet type processing can be added.
The operating technology of the machine is as follows. An electric motor with a vibration drive of a drum with abrasive and processed material starts the machine. As a result of oscillatory movements, processing materials and fillers move inside at a certain speed. The result of the movement is microimpacts on the surface of the stone with the removal of the top layer from the surface - grinding and polishing.
Vibratory tumbling equipment is now available in a variety of configurations and volume options. Some models provide for fixing jewelry on a spindle. This approach allows you to increase the processing speed by imparting additional rotational movements to the products.
The advantages of a vibrating tumbling installation include:
- versatility - changing the tumbling bodies allows you to experiment with the range of processed stones;
- loading to capacity with the ability to process large batches of materials;
- high-speed work, especially noticeable after using the old-style tumbling drum described above;
- compatibility with fragile products that require special handling;
- uniform processing of products;
- finishing of soft materials;
- the ability to monitor the operation of the machine with control at every stage.
The only disadvantage we can highlight is the higher cost compared to a regular drum, which is not always affordable for a private jeweler with small volumes of work and sales.
Rotary centrifugal finishing machines
Most modern version finishing equipment – centrifugal rotary machine. The operating algorithm is based on the use of a vertically fixed stationary compartment with a rotating plate and blades in the lower part. The compartment is completely filled with tumbling mixture and the machine is started. As soon as the actuator begins to rotate, the tumbling mixture begins to move along with the workpieces being processed.
To enhance the effect, the fixed zone inside is equipped with a special profile to create the correct planetary-torus-shaped trajectory of the abrasive.
The disadvantages are:
- inability to work with massive parts;
- rapid wear of the inner part of the drum at the point of contact with the actuator.
There are many more advantages:
- High level of productivity. The machine copes faster than the above varieties with the task of processing natural materials.
- Ability to process large batches of parts simultaneously.
- Possibility of adjusting the actuator rotation speed to obtain a special effect on the surface of products.
- High level of finishing.
Also, as in the case of previous machines, the price of the rotary is not publicly available.
"Tow" installation for tumbling
Equipment of this type is used less frequently than previous ones and is quite unusual in demonstrating a high level of operational efficiency.
The machine works on the following principle. The product is fixed on the spindle, after which it is set in motion and lowered into work surface with prepared abrasive filler. When the filler comes into contact with the product, a thin layer of material is removed from the latter in a short period of time. In order to supplement or update the filler, the spindle is launched in a new direction relative to the bowl with bodies, or a vibration drive is connected to it.
The “towing” installation is not designed for simultaneous processing of large batches of material and this is its main drawback. It is worth mentioning the dignity high level quality finishing in a short time.
Equipment of this type is considered indispensable in high-tech industries, including medical prosthetics and aircraft manufacturing, where special requirements are placed on the level of final processing of products.
Team LyubiKamni
Greetings to DIY enthusiasts. I present for consideration a very useful, very necessary, and very easy to make homemade product. It's about about a small tumbling machine. It will allow you to clean various small metal products and more in a fully automatic mode. These can be coins, bolts, fittings, nuts and other parts. When the machine is operating, a grinding process occurs in it, everything turns out quite well, the parts are cleaned very well, and most importantly, without your participation.
Assembling such a machine is very simple, you need a minimum of materials for its manufacture. If the project interests you, I suggest you familiarize yourself with it in more detail.
Materials and tools used
List of materials:
- plastic container(round container);
- rubber (like bicycle tubes or similar);
- 4 springs;
- 4 bolts with nuts;
- washers;
- ;
- plywood;
- door handle;
- power supply 12V;
- socket and socket for connecting the power supply;
- switch;
- abrasive (sand, small pebbles or the like);
- a piece of aluminum corner;
- automotive sealant.
List of tools:
- vice;
- drill;
- soldering iron;
- screwdriver;
- wire cutters;
- scissors;
- jigsaw,
- marker,
- syringe.
Homemade manufacturing process:
Step one. Manufacturing of shock absorbers
First we will make shock absorbers; a vibration platform with a bowl will be attached to them. To make them, the author used four small springs. They need to install rubber bushings. Rubber will suit from bicycle camera, cut it into strips, and then into small pieces, you will need 8 pieces in total. Each piece needs to be rolled up and put into a spring like the author’s in the photo. The result is a bushing; if you screw a screw into it, everything is held quite securely.
Step two. Making a vibrator
The author used a large computer fan as a vibration source. Their motors are brushless, these motors are durable and affordable. To get vibrations, we need to install a weight on the impeller. The further it is from the center of the engine axis, the stronger the vibrations will be. At first the author got very strong vibrations and moved the weight to the center.
The author used a bolt with a nut as a weight, drill a hole, install the bolt and tighten the nut well.
Step three. Vibration platform assembly
To assemble the vibration platform, we still have to cut a rectangle out of plywood; this will be the basis for installing the bowl. We attach the plywood to the fan using long screws, and also screw the protective grille to it.
The length of the screws is such that shock absorbers made of springs can also be screwed to them on top.
Step four. Container
Now let's screw on the container where all the magic will happen. It is screwed to the plywood using small self-tapping screws. We will also need rubber washers and metal ones. Thanks to rubber washers, the container will not unscrew due to vibrations.
Step five. Warp
Let's make a base; the author cuts it out of plywood and gives it a neat appearance. In the end, all that remains is to drill holes for attaching the racks.
We also need to make legs so that the machine does not move on the table. The legs are made from four hexagon screws. You need to install rubber tips on the legs; the author easily cast them from silicone sealant. As a result, the legs turned out to be soft, and the machine has excellent grip on the surface.
Step six. Power switch and connector
Let's install a connector on the machine to connect the power supply. The author, if I'm not mistaken, used a headphone connector/jack for this.
We will also install a switch for convenient control of the machine. The author installs all these parts on an aluminum corner.
Step seven. Pen
Finally, screw the handle to the lid. The author used something similar to a furniture handle.
