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Corner chisels drawings. Wood chisel. Metal drill tool

Every craftsman who works with wood has carpentry chisels in his arsenal. A wood chisel is very useful in work that involves processing wooden blanks. Perfectly sharpened blade various shapes used for carving of any complexity. IN construction stores You can buy both ready-made sets of devices and chisels individually.

Chisels for carving. Classification

The chisel represents professional tool a carpenter or joiner used to prepare wooden blanks for further processing. It will help to chamfer and apply carving patterns by removing excess layers of wood. The design of the chisel is very simple - it has a plastic or wooden handle and a sharpened blade of various shapes.

There are following types chisel:

• a straight chisel is needed for processing wooden blanks and cutting simple recesses
• an oblique chisel has a blade that is beveled at an angle of 450. It is used for cutting longitudinal grooves, as well as work related to the primary processing of the workpiece
• an angular chisel is similar to the English letter V, 2 closed planes of the blade are located under different angles. It is necessary to create V-shaped notches. The sharper and shallower the angle of the cutter, the deeper the cutter will get
• semicircular chisel for wood - this is perhaps the most important type of this instrument. With this semicircular tool, the product is prepared, and ornaments of varying complexity are cut out and serifs are applied. The semicircular chisel can be round, medium or sloping
• cranberry is very similar to a semicircular chisel. The main difference is that its working surface is rounded not only along the end of the blade, but also along the shaft. This shape guarantees a clearer movement of the tool on wood. Cranberries are different. Their cutting part can be rounded, angular or straight
• Caesars can also be called a type of semicircular chisel, but they have a narrower working part, only 3 mm in width. Their main purpose is to cut thin grooves and work out the smallest details of the ornament.
• The gravers have a mushroom-shaped handle and an oblique cutter. They are mainly used for cutting grooves. With increasing pressure from the master, the carving becomes clearer and deeper
• A rivet is a mini wood chisel that has a thin sharpening of a narrow blade, similar to a sharp leaf. This tool is used when ordinary chisels cannot create a drawing of the required accuracy.
• The marigold is also a type of mini chisel. It is designed for cutting thin fragments, however, more rounded than rivets
• the reverse chisel, like the cranberry, has a recess convex outward to create a protruding pattern above the plane of the main canvas.

Almost all of the listed chisels can have various modifications. A flat chisel can be wide or narrow, an angular chisel can have a wide angle or a narrow one, round bend can be flattened or radial.

Choosing a chisel

Before choosing a chisel, you need to decide what kind of wood carving you will be doing. If you rarely use them, you can buy an inexpensive set that contains the basic models of the device. Most often, such kits are purchased, for example, for window repairs or other simple tasks.

However, if you are engaged in wood carving and plan to develop in this direction, then you should not save. You need to purchase the best quality tools. According to the manufacturing method, there are three types of models:

• forged. Such chisels have the thickest blade, as a result of which they can easily interact with hardwood
• die-cut These devices are convenient for precise and accurate work with soft and medium grades of wood.
• stamped. When working with them, it is necessary to install a thrust washer so that the device does not deform when struck by the mallet.

Craftsmen consider the most convenient chisel length to be 10-15 cm. A longer tool can withstand less load. The handle can be made of wood or plastic. According to reviews, the plastic handle is more durable and better withstands impacts.

The quality of the chisel directly determines its period of operation, as well as the quality of the resulting product. The quality of the device depends on the quality of the hardening of the metal part. The best metals for chisels are tool metals that are characterized by high strength and a longer service life. Tool steel is designated by the following markings:

• drop forged
• inscription "chrome vanadium"

It is worth paying attention that the manufacturer is marked on the label. If this information is not available, and the price of the set is quite low, then you have a Chinese fake in your hands.

If the type of steel is not marked, you can check its actual quality on a sharpening stone. On properly hardened steel, when sharpened, burrs form, which are easy to remove. If no burrs form, it means the steel has been overheated and the tool is dangerous. If burrs form, but cannot be removed, it means that the steel is too soft and will not withstand sharpening, and the sharpened edge will be subject to deformation even with little force.

Main wood carving techniques

Different carving techniques require different positions of the device in relation to the wooden plane. There are three main ways to work on wood with a chisel:

• pruning This work is carried out on the growth of fibers; The tool is positioned with the unsharpened side of the blade facing up, while you need to hold the handle with one hand and the blade with the other so that thumb was aimed at the handle. If you hold the chisel in this position, the master can easily set precise forces to obtain the most even and smooth surface possible
• side cutting or selecting grooves. Flat chisels are used to obtain rectangular grooves. The sharp edge can be beveled or straight. Most often, such a chisel is sharpened only on one side. Options with a semicircular sharp edge (in the form of a quarter or semicircle) of the canvas are used to create grooves in a circular manner
• perpendicular cutting. In such work, the chisel must be held by the handle with one hand, and the blade should be held with the large and index fingers second hand. In this way you can cut thinly once wood shavings. Note that this method is the most labor-intensive.

Wood carving chisels are not designed to cut large amounts of wood at one time. Their task is to remove excess wood gradually, adhering to pre-defined lines.

You can use a mallet or hammer during the cutting process. These additional tools will be needed if you need to quickly make a recess or hole. At the same time, complex patterns require a lot of work and are cut out slowly.

Universal chisel

Just a few years ago, work with wood was carried out using hand tools, but today there are devices, for example, an electric chisel, that make it possible to significantly facilitate the work of the master, as well as increase the speed of work while maintaining high quality.

An electric chisel is called universal because it allows you to carry out a wide range of work. Chisel models high power can handle removing the old one parquet board or carry out rough processing of large wooden blank, remove knots and other hard inclusions. It is impossible to cope with such work using only hand tools.

This tool is considered universal because it has many attachments of different shapes and sizes. For example, small semicircular and straight 4 mm bits will help you make patterned carvings or engrave the master’s initials, while more massive tools, up to 5 cm wide, are designed for removing wide chips and roughing.

As you know, a sharp blade is safer than a dull one. This statement is also true for a chisel. An important point is to clean the sharp edge of the chisel once or twice a year, depending on how often you use the tool.

Even brand new chisels may not be sharp enough to carry out complex woodworking, for this reason it is worth sharpening them before the first use.

If old chisels have uneven or damaged bevels, they can be corrected using grinding wheel. It is necessary to hold damaged chisel bevels against the grinding wheel to remove serious burrs, dirt and rust.

The stone should have three levels - beginner, medium and fine. It is this stone that will allow you to achieve the most acute condition. Sharpening stones sold in gardening and hardware stores. The stone is sold with lubricant; if it is not included, the seller will recommend purchasing it separately. The most effective types of stones are:

• water stones. For such stones, ordinary water is used as a lubricant. They need to be soaked in water for a few minutes before using. This type of stone is very popular in Japan
• Oil stones should be lubricated with petroleum-based oil before use.

Sharpening the chisel should begin with the flat side. The flat edge has mirror image after proper sharpening. You need to move the chisel back and forth along the stone chips. Hold it with both hands, make smooth and progressive movements, without jerking. When appearing on flat surface stone scratches, work must be continued on a medium-grain stone, and then on a fine one. The flat side of the chisel will be fully sharpened when it has a mirror image.

Sharpening a bevel using a stone is quite difficult. It is better to use a special device. It is necessary to place the chisel in the sharpening device and tighten the screws to secure it tightly. Depending on the type of chisel, it is necessary to set the device to form an angle from approximately 20 to 35 degrees:

• cleaning chisel - 20 degree angle
• an ordinary chisel - an angle of 25 degrees.

Place the bevel against a coarse-grained stone. Hold it with both hands. Move the chisel back and forth across the thin stone, as if taut. If scratches appear on the bevel, continue working on a medium-grain stone, and then on a fine one. When changing stones, you should wipe the blade.

1. Definition
2. Types of tools
3. How to do it yourself
4. Chisel from a milling cutter
5. Semicircular chisels
6. We use a file
7. Files
8. Angle chisels

Any craftsman who works with wood has carpentry chisels in his arsenal. This hand tool helps in processing wooden workpieces; a well-sharpened blade of various shapes is used for carving of any complexity. You can purchase ready-made sets of devices, experienced craftsmen They prefer to make wood chisels with their own hands - they turn out to be perfectly adapted to a particular carver.

Definition

What is a chisel: this is a professional tool for a carpenter or joiner, which is used to prepare wooden blanks for processing, for chamfering, and applying carving patterns by removing excess layers of wood. The design includes a plastic or more often a wooden handle and a sharpened blade of various shapes.

Types of tools

Wood chisel in different options execution helps the craftsman process wooden blanks and decorate products. For these purposes, tools with different blade shapes are used. Types of chisels for wood carving:

Presented species in different quantities used by craftsmen. Their modifications can also be different: flat can be wide or narrow, angular - wide-angle or narrow-angle, round bend flattened or radial. Ready-made kits contain tools in different configurations, which are not always complete or necessary for a particular master. Therefore, many joiners and carpenters prefer to make chisels for wood carving with their own hands. The quality of work with such devices is no different from using factory tools.

Application for wood carving

Any woodworking professional should know how to work with this tool.

A wide chisel with a straight blade is suitable for primary processing of wooden workpieces. With its help, coarse fibers, knots, and other irregularities are removed. The tool can be used as a chisel to knock out holes using impact pulses.

The device is used to remove chamfers, the ends of narrow edges, and machine recesses.

The tool is universal in use: it can be held directly or acute angle depending on the desired effect. The lines are drawn by hand or using a ruler; for this it is better to use a metal one.

Curly chisels are used as needed in a similar way: to work surface Place the tool and remove excess wood using pressure movements. The impact force will allow you to get deep cuts and clear shapes.

How to do it yourself

Making a quality tool starts with the right choice materials. For the blade you can take:

• Metal cutter. Among other blanks, this one has sufficient rigidity and holds an edge well.
• Metal drills will become the basis for narrow mini-chisels.
• A semicircle can be easily obtained from a used punch.
• A chisel for corners can be made from any profiled tool.
• The file will also be an excellent source for a carpenter's chisel.
• Needle files become the basis for creating a thin tool.

To make a mini-chisel, you can take a small piece of metal as a blank. At home, it is more convenient to create small instruments.

For the handle we'll take wooden beam. It is much more reliable than plastic, and it sits more confidently in the hand.

On the market you can find forged chisels for wood carving. They are made from durable carbon steel, they are resistant to wear and keep their shape and sharpness longer.

We will look at ways to create professional chisels from scrap materials.

Let's prepare the tool:

1. Metal cutter;
2. Pliers and forceps;
3. A container of water to cool hot metal.

Chisel from a milling cutter

A do-it-yourself chisel is made very quickly using the following algorithm:

In this way you can make straight or beveled mini chisels. Instead of a disk, any part made of durable steel will do.

Metal drill tool

How to make a chisel from a drill is not difficult:

• The end is flattened with an impact load or cut off;
• Give the knife the desired shape. A drill makes excellent marigolds or rivets;
• Using the given algorithm we make a handle.

Chisels from drills are widely used in carpentry practice: they can be made easily and quickly, and most importantly - according to the required, thinnest sizes and shapes.

Semicircular chisels

The most common semicircular chisel for wood carving is obtained from a punch - the workpiece already has the desired shape. All that remains is to cut off the excess metal and sharpen the blade.

How to make a semicircular chisel:

1. Take a punch of the required diameter.
2. Use a saw to cut off the excess part of the radius.
3. While the metal is warm, it can be given the desired roundness, for example, a semicircle can be slightly flattened to obtain a semi-oval.
4. Sharpening the blade.
5. Let's make a handle.

We use a file

A file chisel is made using grinding wheel. This is how thick straight cutters and chisels are made. It is necessary to sharpen the file at the desired angle and insert the workpiece into the wooden handle.

From a file square section If desired, you can sharpen the corner chisel. To do this, you need to stock up on a good abrasive for a metal wheel.

Files

A thin needle file will make an excellent tool for cutting any shape. Moreover, you can do it right in the kitchen over the gas stove.

Angle chisels

For their production we use any profile product made of durable steel. Using the methods already described, we cut off the excess metal and sharpen the workpieces at the desired angle.

The tool can also be made by bending a workpiece of any shape, although this is not suitable for cutting hard wood.

Carpenter's and joiner's tools are as necessary in a home craftsman's arsenal as a hammer, pliers or a screwdriver. But in addition to having this tool, it is advisable to skillfully use a chisel or chisel. It is correct to say: “As you sharpen the instrument, so will you play.”

What is a chisel and what is a chisel

A wood chisel is a carpentry tool designed for gouging out deep grooves and sockets.

The tool has the form of an elongated metal bar fixed in the handle. The end of the chisel handle is looped with a crimping element that protects the handle from splitting.

A chisel is a hand-held woodworking tool in the form of a sharpened steel plate with a handle. A wood chisel is designed for cutting chamfers, making small recesses and processing small curved surfaces and grooves. Structurally, a chisel consists of a sharpened blade and a handle, usually wooden, less often metal.

The chisel differs from a chisel in the sharpening angle of the cutting element, as well as in the absence of a double-sided chamfer along the entire length of the blade, relative to the sharpening side. Another difference between a carpenter's chisel and a chisel is the larger diameter of the metal rod, so it is impossible to confuse a chisel with a chisel.

Classification of chisels

Chisels are classified according to the method of advancement in the material cavity, the shape of the handle and size. However, the main classification parameter is the shape of the tool: longitudinal or transverse. That's why further application chisels depends precisely on this shape.

Method of advancement and principle of operation of chisels

The method of advancing the chisel in the material can be carried out by short-term blows on the handle special tool: hammer or mallet. This type of chisel is used when working with hard wood that requires significant physical effort.

Externally, chisels of this type have a long handle and a cutting part. When working, the chisel is held with one hand, and rhythmic blows are made on the handle with the other. To strengthen the structure of the handle, reinforcement is made - a loop. When working, it is better to give preference to a polyurethane or rubber hammer. Another type of chisel has a long handle but a shorter cutting part. This chisel is designed to work with both hands and advance the tool.

This type of chisel works best with soft wood. The head of the handle has a rounded and smooth shape, fitting comfortably in the hand. Can be used rubber hammer in the case of dense wood for better advancement in the material. There are also chisels, the advancement of which in the material is carried out exclusively by hand.

This type of chisel is much thinner and shorter than other types. Advancement in the material will depend on the sharpening angle of the cutting part and the size of the object being processed. Professional woodcarvers and wood inlayists prefer to work with this type of chisel.

Cutting element shape

The transverse shape of the cutting element, and this means the end profile of the blade, is divided into the following types:
Transverse shape
straight
flat
radius
stapled
corner

Chisels with a straight blade have a strict shape without bends.
Chisels with a flat transverse profile are distinguished by the thickness and width of the blade, as well as straight or curved shape cutting
Radius chisels are the most common type. A radius chisel is a cutting tool with a part of a circle in its profile.

When choosing a radius chisel, you can perform a simple test: a chisel placed on the end should ideally outline a circle around itself. Agree that such a universal chisel will allow you to carry out carpentry work quickly and accurately.

Bracket or box chisels are a tool whose cutting part is equipped with sides of different heights.
Angle chisels have a profile in the form of the Latin letter V. The main parameters of this type of cutters are the height of the side of the corner and the angle, reaching 90 degrees.

Longitudinal shape
cranberries
curved.
Cranberry chisels have a sharp longitudinal bend in the cut, which begins to bend closer to the end of the chisel blade.
Curved chisels have a full longitudinal bend of the blade. In this case, the canvas has a bend not in a separate part, as for example in cranberries, but in the entire canvas.
Working with a chisel and chisel will be comfortable if the tool is well and correctly sharpened. How to sharpen a chisel correctly?

How to sharpen a chisel

Anyone home handyman it is known that the working condition of the manual cutting tool characterizes good sharpening. It’s easy to guess the quality of sharpening of a chisel by looking at cutting edge tool. The appearance of chipped and curved areas on the blade already indicates that it is time to look for a block, emery or abrasive wheel for sharpening.

Sharpening work is carried out using whetstones, as well as abrasive sharpening machines industrial production. Carborundums, fine-grained sandstones and well-known abrasives are used to make sharpening stones.
Before the start sharpening work The block must be moistened with machine oil. Processing the chisel blade on a block is done by applying the entire plane of the pointed part.

Pressing the tool blade against the block with your hands, forward movements are made in the direction of the chisel. Sharpening work using emery or abrasive wheel It is performed in a similar way, only in this case the circle itself produces the movement. If, after sharpening the chisel blade, burrs are formed that bend into the opposite side, in this case, the chisel is turned over and the entire plane is pressed against the abrasive tool. These techniques are repeated until the appearance of burrs is eliminated.

The final finishing of the blade is done with polishing paste. For sharpening semicircular, curved or corner chisels, the principle and sharpening techniques are identical. When sharpening a tool, you must carefully monitor current state working surface, avoiding distortions and roundings. Therefore, the condition of the abrasive or emery wheel plays an important role in the sharpening process.

This video will help you on how to sharpen a chisel with your own hands.