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Slotted screwdrivers: description, types and subtleties of application. All about screwdrivers: types, materials and standards Operation in difficult and hard-to-reach places

Most often, the diameter of the handle with which the screwdriver is equipped ranges from 10 to 40 mm, however, there are also deviations from these dimensions in one direction or another. Simple mechanics play a decisive role here: the diameter of the handle and the torque created by the screwdriver are directly related. That is why screwdrivers designed for fine work and small parts (for example, for watchmakers) have thin handles, and vice versa.

The most common shapes of screwdriver blades, depending on the configuration of the slots on the parts, are shown in the figure.

A) Straight slot screwdrivers. This is the simplest screwdriver with the most common name: “minus” or “minus”.

Accepted in technical literature The markings of such screwdrivers are as follows: SL, (“Slotted”) – slotted. For example, marking SL 5.5– means that the screwdriver has a blade width of 5.5 mm), and the marking SL 0.5x4– the thickness of the blade (slot) is 0.5 mm, and the width is 4 mm.

B) Phillips-head screwdrivers, “Phillips screwdrivers.” They are called "plus", "plus" or "self-ejecting".

PH(Phillips). This designation comes from the name of the American company Phillips Screw Company, which patented it in 1933. The naked eye can see that the contact area between the working surfaces of the screwdriver and the part is almost 2 times larger than that of screwdrivers like SL.

C) Type of screwdrivers PH– a Phillips screwdriver with additional guides. Such screwdrivers are often called “posidrive”, or “non-self-ejecting”.

Generally accepted technical marking: PZ(“Pozidriv”). Such screwdrivers do not push themselves out of the slot on the parts, just as it happens with screwdrivers like RN. Since such screwdrivers have a large slot depth, they are most often used where screws have large heads, for example in furniture production. And it is this type of screwdrivers that is designed in such a way that they have such a high torque that it is impossible to achieve when using screwdrivers PH(Phillips).

D) Star screwdriver. Why it is called that can be seen from the picture.

Technical designation: Torx. She's patented American company@Camcar Textron USA@. Screwdrivers of this type are overwhelmingly used in electronic instrument making and the automotive industry. In some cases, such screwdrivers can serve as an alternative to the type RN

E) A screwdriver called an asterisk with a pin. This further development screwdrivers of the previous type Torx.

F) Screwdriver - hexagon.

Technical markings: Hex. These screwdrivers are more like keys and are used to tighten screws with similar hexagonal sockets. That's what they are called - imbus keys (the name comes from the German Innensechskantschraube Bauer und Schaurte - a screw with an internal hexagon from the company Bauer and Schaurte).

Keys similar type have a torque approximately 10 times greater than that which can be achieved in the simplest flat-type screwdrivers RN. The size of such screwdrivers, or keys, or rather the numbers that are assigned to them, is simply the distance in millimeters between the opposite corners of the hexagon.

G) A rare type of screwdriver is the “square screwdriver.” This is just a variety, it must be said, quite rarely used, of a screwdriver like Hex.

H) Another exotic screwdriver is the “trefoil screwdriver.”

Technical designation of such screwdrivers: Tri-Wing. They have a non-standard slot, so products fastened with screws with such a slot are very difficult to disassemble yourself.

I) Rare “phillips asymmetrical screwdriver”.

In the technical literature it is designated as Torq. The most important property is powerful tightening, which is practically unattainable in other types of screwdrivers. These types of screwdrivers are almost never used in everyday life, but are widely used in high-tech industries, such as, for example, aerospace. Those. where increased demands are placed on the fastening of parts.

K) And finally, a two-pin screwdriver called a spanner. The most common application is in elevator mechanisms, as well as in household appliances, for fastening the housings of devices under warranty service.

Spline sizes

It is quite natural that screwdrivers are of the same type, i.e. their splines have different sizes. For example, straight screwdrivers (slotted) - various depths and width.

Splines of other shapes can have dimensions, each specified by its own number according to a certain standard. IN Table 1 The correspondence between the designations of Phillips screwdrivers and the sizes of fasteners is shown.

Table 1

There is also a dependence of the diameters and lengths of the rods on the number of the screwdriver. This relationship can be summarized in the table below.

Table 2.

Screwdriver number	Rod diameter, mm	Rod length, mm

The appearance of a screwdriver construction tools, is associated with the 16th century at the time of the appearance of weapons. Their flat varieties have survived to this day. Today, every home probably has at least one screwdriver. There is no need to buy all of their types, and to understand what type of screwdriver you need, just familiarize yourself with the existing varieties and their features.

You cannot do without such a tool when replacing a switch, socket, or when repairing household devices. Many will say that it is better to buy a screwdriver instead of a screwdriver, but to do this minor repairs A screwdriver is usually not used, since it is easier to take out a screwdriver and tighten a couple of self-tapping screws when replacing the socket.

Device and principle of operation

The screwdriver design includes three main parts, which are shown in the figure:

• The handle of a screwdriver should provide ease of use, but there are other functions of the handle related to indication and ergonomics. Different types of tools make it possible to choose a convenient design for working in different places. For example, the handle can be short or long, hexagonal, round or other cross-section. The handle material can be wood, plastic or rubber, depending on the type and purpose of the tool. The handle can also be made in the form of a pistol or T-shaped.
• The rod makes it possible to select a screwdriver for specific working conditions. The available depth of the hole in which the screw or self-tapping screw is located depends on the length of the rod. But in hard-to-reach and narrow places, a rod that is too long will not allow the tool to work correctly; in this case, a long rod can be considered a disadvantage.
• The type of slot (blade) of the tip depends on the type of fastener that needs to be screwed. The names of fasteners depend on the shape of the slot - screw, self-tapping screw, screw, etc. Previously, the most popular screwdrivers were those with a straight slot in the form of a spatula, since the fasteners had a corresponding groove on the head. Currently, other types of splines are increasingly used - Phillips, hexagonal, Torx, sprocket, etc. An important factor is the hardness and strength of the tip; the higher these parameters, the more durable the tool will be. So that when screwing fastener the slot does not slip; a special coating is applied to it, which increases the coefficient of friction.

The principle of operation of a screwdriver is based on its design.

Operating procedure

• Insert the slot into the grooves of the self-tapping screw, screw or screw.
• Screw in the fastener clockwise.
• Unscrew - counterclockwise.
• The handle may have buttons to enable various additional functions.

Kinds

New types of screws and self-tapping screws with different notches on the head are increasingly appearing in the retail chain. Depending on this, the tool is also improved, and new types appear. The screwdriver was no exception. Today there is a large assortment such instruments of different designs and shapes. Many of them are used in relation to certain types of work. Let's look at screwdrivers, which are widely used and have become very popular in various types of work.

According to the shape of the slot of the tip, screwdrivers are divided into:

• Flat, is marked SL. The names of this screwdriver may vary: straight-pin, flat-head, straight-slotted, straight. The shape of the working tip is made in the form of a flat blade and is used to work with simple screw connections. This is the most popular type of slot in everyday life for attaching household utensils or electrical installation work. The disadvantage of flat-head screwdrivers is that the tip cannot be centered, which often slips out of the screw head.

• Cross, marked with RN. It has a cross-cone-shaped tip, the edges of which fit into the slot of the fastening element of the corresponding shape. The cross-shaped grooves are located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. This tool is used to connect various parts of equipment, cars, etc. The fastening is highly reliable. Conical shape The slot allows you to significantly increase the supporting surface of contact with the head of the fastener, which is an advantage compared to a conventional flat-head screwdriver. The screw head is impacted at four edges. The disadvantage is the high probability of damage to the screw splines due to the impact on it in a narrow area.

• Cross-shaped with guides, marked PZ. This slot profile is made in the form of two crosses, which are offset from each other by 45 degrees, for a tighter fit into the head of the fastener. This shape allows you to create additional supporting edges. The additional cross is smaller in size than the main cross and also has a shallower depth, which ensures the stability of the tool in operation. Phillips screwdrivers with additional notches are used when assembling furniture and other critical work. The disadvantage of this spline profile is similar to the conventional cross profile.

• Hexagon(marking – HEX). This type of tool has a hexagonal tip surface, which allows for significantly greater rotational force to be applied to fasteners compared to cross-shaped bits. These screwdrivers are most often used for electrical work.

  There are three types of hex screwdrivers, differing in the shape of the tip:

  - with an internal hexagonal projection used for fixing screws with a corresponding head. Disadvantage - the screw head quickly becomes unusable due to high deformation;
  - with external hexagonal projection along the rim, used for fastening screws with non-recessed heads, sometimes used instead wrench;
  — vibration-resistant, with a hole in the tip. This hole aligns with the corresponding protrusion on the head of the fastener, which makes the screwdriver stable when working in high vibration environments.

• Star-shaped(marking – TORX). Has the shape of a tip in the form of a six-pointed star, used for repairing various different types devices. IN Lately This form of fasteners is gaining more and more popularity. The advantages of this type of tips are:
  — the ability to apply high torque compared to other types;
  — there is no slipping of the tip from the screw head, unlike classic flat-head screwdrivers;
  — there is no damage to the screw head slot;
  — increased tool life due to low radial forces, which is achieved by the special geometric shape of the spline petals. There are different designs of star-shaped tips: “ Torx plus" And " Torx", which serve for various fastening elements. Outwardly, their shape is similar, but the difference is in the shape of the star’s petals - in the “Torx plus” they are flattened, and in the regular Torx they are rounded. There is also vibration-proof designs of star-shaped screwdriver tips, in the center of which there is a hole for combining it with a screw pin of a similar shape. This allows you to work in high vibration conditions.

• Square. The cross-section of the tip slot is made in the form of a square, has four surfaces that are at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. The supporting surface through which the force is transmitted is small, so this tool is not suitable for transmitting big moment rotation. Such screwdrivers were not found in our country wide application, however, in America they are very popular. This slot shape was previously common on fastening screws in vintage cars.

There are also types of screwdrivers that differ in their purpose for certain working conditions. They are equipped with special devices.

Screwdriver with flexible shaft

In tight working conditions this device is very convenient. It is used in furniture assembly work and other hard to reach places.

Universal screwdriver

This tool allows you to install on a rod different tips, which can be stored either inside the handle or in a separate case, depending on the design and manufacturer.

Dielectric screwdriver

This screwdriver is used for electrical installation work on electrical equipment that is under voltage that is dangerous to humans. The handle and rod of such a tool are covered with a special insulating material, designed for a certain permissible voltage value. Most often this value is indicated on the handle.

Ratchet screwdriver

With the help of such a ratcheting device, the tool shaft can only rotate in one direction. This allows the screw to be removed without removing the tool from its head. Using a special lever, you can change the direction of rotation.

Rechargeable

This electric screwdriver is similar in design. But there are some differences:

• Weight.
• Device.
• Power.

The significantly lower power of this tool is fully justified, since it is not used for drilling holes or fastening powerful screws and screws into particularly durable materials, for example, oak. This makes it possible to use a compact battery and a small electric motor. Therefore, the dimensions and weight of the tool are small.

The included electric screwdriver may also have several different tips for installing them into the chuck.

Marking

To determine the purpose and type of screwdrivers, you should be able to understand their markings. The table shows the most common tip spline shapes and their designations. Phillips screwdrivers with different crosses have their own correspondence table, which indicates the sizes of fasteners and the tools to which they can be used.

The following table shows the dependence of the diameter of the rods and their length on the tool number.

There is another dependence - diameter external thread screws from tool number:

You may also notice that some types of screwdrivers contain both letters and numbers in the designation. For example, PH 4 x 120, where PH means a straight screwdriver, 4 is the tool number indicating the diameter of the screw, 120 is the length of the rod. The marking may include information about the material of the working part of the tool.

First, a little history. It is difficult to say when and where the first screw appeared. The first mentions of screws date back to the 16th century; it can be assumed that the screwdriver appeared at about the same time. The original shape of the screw head was a rectangle or square. We must not forget that everything was made by hand forging. However, this shape limited the ability to tighten the screw too much, especially in hard-to-reach places.

Then the hexagon was invented, which led to the introduction of a wrench with six settings in a 360° range. Socket wrenches appeared, providing vertical access to the screw head and the ability to conveniently tighten it with the application of any necessary force.

And, one day, a thought flashed through some person’s mind: “Why, in fact, is there a key? Why can’t you cut a groove in the head and work with the screw using a rod with a flat end?” - this is how a slot appeared, and after it a screwdriver. Why the tool was called a screwdriver and not a “screwdriver” (after all, the screw is first turned) remains a mystery.

Splines

Many years passed, many slots were torn off and screwdrivers were broken before users received the tool so necessary in everyday life and production. The design of the screwdriver - the length and diameter of the rod, the shape and size of the handle - began to provide convenient and quality work in specific conditions, with specific technological requirements.

On this moment There are several types of screwdrivers, which is determined by the necessary correspondence between the slotted part of the screwdriver and the slot on the screw (screw, self-tapping screw). Therefore, it is important to immediately clarify this issue.

Spline types

	Screwdrivers with a straight slot (flat screwdriver) are called “Slotted” (abbreviated as SL) in the West, that is, slotted
	Phillips (or Phillips) screwdrivers are called "Phillips" (abbreviated PH)
	Phillips screwdrivers with additional guides (beams) are "Pozidriv" screwdrivers (abbreviated PZ).
	Screwdrivers with an internal profiled six-pointed star - "TORX" screwdrivers (the name is patented by "CAMCAR TEXTRON USA"). Widely used in cell phone repair
	Phillips screwdrivers with a hole in the center of the working part for the guide are called Phillips Tamper Resistant
	Combo screwdrivers, combining a cross and a straight slot in their working part
	One type of Phillips screwdriver is Quadrex. This is a combination of Phillips profile and Square guide.
	Screwdrivers with working part square section- Square Head. Sometimes the name Robertson is used
	A Square Head screwdriver with an additional hole for a guide is called Square Tamper Resistant
	Torx screwdrivers also come with a hole in the center of the working part - Torx Tamper Resistant. They are designed for screws with a cylindrical guide in the center of the sprocket.
	The Torx Plus profile is also patented. The difference with Torx is that the star arms are a little shorter and not as sharp.
	The working part of the Torx Plus Tamper Resistant screwdrivers is a five-pointed “star” with a hole.
	Hexagonal internal - "Hex driver". By the way, there is a tool that allows you to unscrew (tighten) hexagon socket screws at an angle of up to 25°. These screwdrivers are called "Ballpoint" screwdrivers.
	The hex external screwdriver is designated "Nutdriver"
	Hex Tamper Resistant screwdrivers have a hole in the center of the hexagon for a guide.
	Screwdrivers with a specific three-winged working part are called Tri-Wing. This form is also protected by patent.
	The four-bladed version of the Tri-Wing screwdriver is called the Torq-Set (also patented)
	A screwdriver in the shape of a two-pronged fork is called Spanner.
	Clutch screwdrivers are made for screws used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks. Practically not used
	Another rare type of Eight-Wing screwdriver.
	Linehead screwdrivers for Nintendo and Gameboy consoles
	Penta-drive screwdrivers with pentagonal profile. Now they practically never meet.
	Spline screwdrivers with twelve-point star were used on some Volkswagen models
	The Tri-groove screwdriver is used in some US electronic products
	Triangle screwdrivers are sometimes found in computing, toys.

Standard sizes

It must be remembered that each slot shape has its own standard sizes. When working with fasteners, it is very important to use screwdrivers of the correct shape and size. This will preserve the screw slot, extend the life of the screwdriver, ensure fast and high-quality work, and most importantly, prevent possible injuries. A precisely executed working part of a screwdriver is one of the components of its quality.

Screwdriver shaft

Very great importance They also have the properties and quality of the material from which the screwdriver shaft is made, how it is heat-treated (“hardened”). A soft slot of a screwdriver will crumple (curl), and a too hard one ("overheated") will break ("burst") even with normal force during operation. A little more about the screwdriver shaft: usually the shaft is made of a round cross-section, but there are screwdrivers that use a hexagonal or square shaft to increase torque, or make a special hexagonal thickening at the base of the handle. You can use such a screwdriver while helping with a wrench to increase torque. They are sometimes called "power".

Screwdriver handle

The main purpose of the screwdriver handle is to transmit torque to the working part. The shape, size and material of the handle can be very different and are determined not only by design requirements, but also by the individual characteristics of the user (ergonomic requirements). So, someone has a wide palm with short fingers, and someone has a narrow one with long fingers, and different handles are needed: longer or shorter, larger or smaller in diameter. The material of the handle can be very different: wood, plastic, rubber. And here you need an individual choice: wood is good, but not strong enough, but not everyone likes rubber - the hand sweats, although the grip of this handle is completely reliable.

The ergonomic shape provides for the transmission of high torque a large radius zone at the end of the handle with a wide round “back of the head” without sharp edges, and closer to the shaft - a narrow section (“waist”). It allows you to quickly turn the tool with your fingers.

The shape of the handle can be very different - the main requirement for it is a secure grip - so that the hand does not slip with the necessary force. And further. The end of the handle must be well-processed and smooth, so as not to rub your palm during intensive work.

In addition, most “round” models have a couple of edges specially ground down so that the screwdriver does not roll off inclined planes. The “holes” near the end of the handle are holes for hanging (this makes it more convenient to store the tool).

The most common handles are plastic, but they are very different. Typically, handles are made from powder and injection molded plastics. The first - harder, but fragile - are afraid of blows and falls; the latter are more elastic, but softer - this can be easily verified with the help of any cutting tool. The former are more glossy and shiny in appearance; the latter are matte, dull, slightly “soapy” to the touch (however, this does not interfere with the work if the handle is in good shape, “fits the hand”).

Many manufacturers now produce screwdrivers with combined handles: two-component, three-component. Polypropylene, elastomers, and rubber are used. Such handles are the most functional: they are durable and do not collapse even with the maximum applied force, provide a reliable grip on the tool by hand, and are pleasant to the touch.

For hard-to-reach places, they make short screwdrivers (short shaft, short handle) of the “barrel” type, and super-long screwdrivers, where the length of the shaft is much longer than the length of the handle. Convenient: I crawled with a long sting through all the protrusions and holes of the structure and tightened the “boring and inconvenient” screw! And, of course, one cannot miss the so-called “T-shaped” handles, manufactured for screwdrivers designed to work in difficult conditions, “heavy duty”, capable of realizing maximum force at the point of application.

Flat head screwdriver

Let's take a closer look at the types of screwdrivers and start our review with the usual flat screwdriver. Screwdrivers with a flat, straight slot (tip) will exist for a very long time, as long as fasteners with a straight slot are produced. Their main parameter - the size of the tip, is determined by two numbers, for example: 0.5x4 - this is a tip 0.5 mm thick and 4 mm wide.

There should be a separate screwdriver for each head and slot size of the fastener. So, if the diameter of the fastener head is 6 mm and the width of the slot is 0.8 mm, then the blade of the screwdriver should be no more than 6 mm wide and no less than 5 mm, and its thickness should be no less than 0.7 mm. This will ensure convenience and quality of work, guarantee reliability of fastening, maintaining the integrity of the slot and the screwdriver itself.

In addition, flat screwdrivers with notches appeared on the blade planes, which increases friction between the screwdriver and the fastener slot; screwdrivers of all types with diamond-coated working parts; with carbide working part; with a magnetized working part for holding fasteners (made of ordinary steel).

Phillips screwdriver

Initially, the shape of the cross-shaped slot was quite complex, because in addition to the “cross” itself, it had a cylindrical recess in its center (approximately 2 mm in diameter and about 3 mm in depth) - the shape of the screwdriver corresponded to it. However, practice has shown that this guide on the screwdriver is not technically and economically justified, and the guide was abandoned, leaving just a “cross”.

What is revolutionary about the “cross”? It allows you to securely fix the screwdriver in the slot, does not “slip” and, when working correctly, almost completely eliminates the possibility of damage, “breaking” of the slot - the occurrence of burrs, or damage to the anti-corrosion coating of the fastener. The working contact area between the surfaces of the cross and the screwdriver is almost twice as large as with a straight slot.

Philips type screwdrivers are designated PH. Below is a table that indicates the limits of use of Phillips screwdrivers in accordance with the sizes of fasteners:

The length of the screwdriver blade of the same number may be different for different types of work. In everyday life, medium sizes are mainly used. When repairing cell phones, shortened screwdrivers can be used.

Phillips screwdriver Pozidriv

Pozidriv (Pozidrive) is a registered trademark. It denotes a class of screws and Phillips-head screwdrivers. Pozidriv is an improved version of the Phillips slot. Unlike Phillips screws, the deep edges of the side surfaces of the Pozidriv blade do not become thinner, but run parallel to each other.

A distinctive feature of Pozidriv screws from Philips screws is the internal corners Posidrive screw heads have thin ray-like lines.

Pozidriv type screwdrivers have the same edges between the main protrusions of the cross and are designated PZ. In addition, they also indicate the size in ascending order (for example, in ascending order - PZ 000, PZ 00, PZ 0, PZ 1, PZ 2, PZ 3, etc.).

Torx screwdrivers (star)

Screwdrivers of this shape are especially interesting to cell phone repairmen. Almost all modern phone models use screws with a six-pointed star slot. Also, screws and screws of a similar shape are found in computer components, for example, in hard drives. This form is called TORX and was developed by the American company Camcar. People unfamiliar with this name usually use the words star or star

. The developers of the new form of screwdriver wanted to create a tool that was more reliable in operation, superior in all respects to standard straight and Phillips screwdrivers for mass use in assembly shops.

In addition to assembling cell phones, the TORX system is used in the automotive industry, in bicycle structures, in computers, and in consumer electronics. Also, screws and screws of a similar shape are found in computer components, for example, in hard drives. This form is called To indicate system dimensions capital letter is used T

followed by a number. For example, T5, T6, T10 and so on (the higher the number, the larger the screwdriver size). For cell phone repairs, the sizes typically used are T3, T4, T5, T6, T7. Camcar later developed an improved version TORX PLUS

. There is also a version of Tamper-Resistant TORX (abbr. Torx TR), which has a protrusion in the center that prevents the use of standard TORX screwdrivers, as well as straight and Phillips screwdrivers.

There is also an external TORX option, which we will not consider.

Electric screwdriver

Recently, electric screwdrivers (screwdrivers) have become increasingly popular. It should be noted that cordless tools are undeniably convenient - they are self-contained, do not require a mains connection, extension cords, adapters, etc., and are electrically safe when working outdoors, even in high humidity. Until relatively recently, in the everyday life of the builder or home handyman There was only one type of screwdriver, the tip of which resembled a blunt chisel - today such a screwdriver is called a straight slotted screwdriver and is used very rarely. They were replaced by screwdrivers of a different type, as, in principle, by the screws and bolts themselves. There are a lot of types of modern screwdrivers, and most of them are quite in demand in household

and repair - they have different purposes, which we will deal with in this article. Together with the site, we will study the types of modern screwdrivers and determine their purpose.

How to choose a screwdriver photo

The screwdriver entered human life around the 16th century, along with the advent of such a fastening element as a screw. At first it looked like a wrench, but later, when the screw head became more or less modern look and got one like this structural element, like the slot, the screwdriver has become an independent class of tool. Wise heads even divide it into its component elements.

Some screwdrivers, or rather even their handles, can be equipped with a metal tip at the end - it can be either flat (this is an impact screwdriver that can be hit with a hammer) or hexagonal. The latter variety is designed to create maximum torque.

What types of screwdrivers are there: types of tips

There are five most commonly used types of screwdriver bits on the market today.

In addition to the above types of screwdrivers, or rather the shapes of their tips, there are other options - specialized, so to speak. They are often developed by manufacturers of branded products who try to protect their products from counterfeiting and unauthorized opening by non-specialists.

How to choose a screwdriver: what is indicated in the marking

Any Construction Materials and instruments are marked for a reason because someone wanted it that way. The alphanumeric marking code contains some meaning - by understanding it, a lot can be said about the product and its purpose. This code consists of letters that indicate the type of screwdriver tip, as well as numbers - this is its size, from which the following follows.

And that's not all - the number of the screwdriver can also indicate the diameter of the screw that can be unscrewed with its help.

• No. 0 – designed for screws with a diameter of up to 2 mm.
• No. 1 – used in conjunction with screws with a diameter of 2.1 to 3 mm.
• No. 2 – it is used to twist screws with a diameter of 3.1 to 5 mm.
• No. 3 – for screws 5.1-7mm.
• No. 4 – heavyweights are used to work with screws with a diameter of 7.1 mm and larger.

And for clarity, a simple example is PH2*120. This is nothing more than a Phillips screwdriver with a shaft diameter of 6mm and a length of 120mm.

Types of screwdrivers: universal option

The universal screwdriver is the best option For home use, and there are no secrets in this - professionals prefer not to use them, since many of their replaceable attachments remain unclaimed. Yes, yes, these are screwdrivers in which the tip can be changed. As a rule, at the end of their rod there is a hexagonal recess - so to speak, a mounting hole for the sting, which for some reason is called a bit. This replaceable nozzle is kept from turning by six edges, and from falling out by a powerful magnet inside the rod. In addition, this same magnet, by magnetizing the bit, creates conditions under which the screw or screw itself is securely held on the slots, which is very important when threading the screw into a hole.

This concerns the design of the screwdriver itself, but in addition to it, when choosing such a set, you should also pay attention to the attachments, or rather to their working part. There are a lot of sets of this kind, and not all of them may be in demand in the household. A standard DIY screwdriver in a universal design contains about five to six interchangeable attachments. In most cases, these are flat and cross-shaped tips of different numbers. In principle, having the screwdriver itself at hand, it can be equipped with the necessary attachment at any time. In such a situation, however, there will be a problem with storage - the complete bits are neatly placed in a special bandoleer, which, in turn, is hidden in the handle, and there probably won’t be room in it for a new bit.

Universal screwdriver photo

One more thing. A very useful option for a universal screwdriver is the telescopic rod - in some way it weakens the screwdriver. It reduces the permissible load on it, but it allows you to remove fallen fasteners from places inaccessible to human hands or fingers.

And to conclude the topic about the types of screwdrivers, I will give some recommendations on their choice - in addition to the varieties described, the very first thing you should pay attention to is the cost of the tool. A good and high-quality screwdriver that can serve for a long time simply cannot be cheap: hardened steel, a reliable handle - these are the most important things for which you have to pay money. As for cheap tools of this type, you can buy them for one-time work.

I completely forgot about two more types of screwdrivers, which can be separated into a separate class altogether - this is an indicator screwdriver (the domain of electricians, allowing them to determine the phase and zero in a socket) and, which modern world I didn’t find much demand. The fact is that with its power it is practically useless for anything - for the same price you can buy a household one, which will be much more useful.

Different types of screwdrivers differ in purpose, operating features, advantages and disadvantages, and brands. In this article we will tell you how to choose a screwdriver and give useful tips and recommendations.

Types of screwdrivers and their purpose

Rechargeable. This type of tool has a built-in motor to ensure a faster process of tightening and unscrewing fasteners.

1. Indicative. Used to check the presence of voltage in the network using a miniature indicator.
2. With replaceable bits. Such devices have additional attachments (bits) for various types of screws, fasteners, and self-tapping screws for working in hard-to-reach places.
3. For screws. Screwdrivers for tightening/unscrewing screws of various configurations.
4. Drums. Necessary for removing rusty bolts, screws, and self-tapping screws that are difficult to unscrew with a regular screwdriver.

Cordless screwdrivers have a built-in electric motor and power source.

Image of a BOSCH cordless screwdriver for working with fastening elements in places where there is no direct access.

Due to the small battery capacity and low-power motor, these screwdrivers are compact in size. Such models provide an element for quick clamping of the nozzle, as well as the presence of a motor that drives the working part. Thanks to the reverse function, you can change the direction of movement of the bit, this is convenient for unscrewing fasteners.

Indicator screwdrivers equipped with a built-in indicator. Such varieties are necessary for a simple and safe determination of the presence of voltage in the network.

Image of the STAYER indicator screwdriver, which can detect the presence of a voltage signal, both contact and non-contact.

There are two varieties:

• contact type device;
• non-contact device.

Contact type devices have a plate on the handle that the user must touch to correct definition signal. There are such varieties with a sound signal. Non-contact varieties - have a battery that allows you to detect breaks in the electrical circuit without a current signal.

With replaceable bits. Refer to universal varieties screwdriver There is a set of bits (nozzles) with different tip configurations.

Image of a GROSS brand model with a set of bits and socket heads in the amount of 48 pieces.

There are models in a set with bits (5-50 pieces). They can be either single-sided or double-sided with the included equipment holder.

For screws. There are two largest varieties:

• cross.

Image of an Inforce Phillips Screwdriver with Magnetic Chrome Molybdenum Steel Tip

• flat.

Image of a flat screwdriver from STANDART for use with threaded fasteners made of of stainless steel

A Phillips screwdriver is used only when working with a Phillips slot. It has the shape of a tip, ideal for screwing in screws. The flat one is used to work with flat splines. There are two main varieties:

• dielectric, such models have handles made of conductive material;
• Double-sided rod that can be easily changed.

Percussion. The operating principle is based on reproducing rotation while applying pressure to the nozzle. This force allows you to turn the hardened screw by 2-5 mm. This device is used only for the initial unscrewing of problematic fasteners. Then use a screwdriver other than this type.

Image percussion instrument brand SANTOOL, which has reverse, the ability to change the head and 6 bits

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of screwdrivers

Battery driven screwdrivers:

• Their advantages are the accelerated process of screwing in and unscrewing due to the presence of an electric motor, which is powered by a battery or from the mains.
• The disadvantage is that it is bulky compared to simple models and higher cost.

Indicative:

• Advantages - in addition to the main function, such screwdrivers help to visualize the presence of voltage in the network.
• Disadvantages - importance of using according to manufacturer's instructions. Read also the article: → "".

With replaceable bits:

• Advantages: a large selection of attachments, which allows them to work with almost any type of screw or self-tapping screw.
• The disadvantage is that you always carry a set of attachments with you in a special container or package.

For screws:

• Advantages: reliability, ease of use. Most manufacturers produce screwdrivers of this type from durable material.
• Disadvantages – the need to purchase a model for a specific type of screw/screw.

• Advantages - without much effort they allow you to start unwinding frozen fasteners.
• Disadvantages - use only at the initial stage of unscrewing the screw.

Analysis of tool manufacturers

1. For installation work electrical networks The most commonly used screwdrivers are flat and Phillips screwdrivers with dielectric coating manufactured by Wera.
2. Work in hard-to-reach places is easy to do with MATRIX brand tools.
3. For long-term screwing/unscrewing, cordless screwdrivers from the KRAFTTOOL brand have proven themselves well. Thanks to them, you can quickly install fasteners.
4. When working with fasteners of various configurations, it is convenient to use models with replaceable bits from Stayer or FIT.

Screwdriver tips: types, differences, use

• Classic straight slot bit. Denoted by the abbreviation “S” from English. "slot". The marking is located on the side edge of the bit.

Image of a slotted bit indicating its markings and examples of fasteners used Table 1. Working dimensions of bits for a straight slot

This group of nozzles is divided into varieties:

1. Classic straight slot nozzle;
2. TIN-coated straight slot bit.

The classic attachment is suitable for slot widths from 2.0 – 9.0 mm. The thickness of the gap can be 1.0 – 1.7 mm. Tips with TIN coating are more wear-resistant and are used for widths of 4.0 - 7.0 mm and thicknesses of 0.5 - 1.5 mm.

• TIN-coated straight slot bit. A titanium nitride alloy is used. This coating provides high strength.

Image of a TIN coated slotted bit showing its markings and examples of fasteners used

• The bit is cross-shaped. Marked “PH”.

Image of a cross-shaped bit with its markings and examples of fasteners used

Such attachments are often used when working with metal and wooden materials.

Table 2. Working dimensions of cross bits

• Cross-shaped bit with notches. Marking – “PZ”.

Illustration of a cross-shaped knurled bit, with examples of its working objects given.

Thanks to additional notches, such bits can withstand heavy loads during long-term operation. The choice of tip is made according to the dimensions of the fastener. Read also the article: → "".

Table 3. Classification of screwdriver types by fastener sizes

• Hexagon shaped tip. Designated “N”.

Image appearance hexagonal tip, with examples of its working objects

These bits work with screws and self-tapping screws. They create tight contact with the fastener.

• Star shaped nozzle. Marked – “T, TX”.

Image of a star tip showing its markings and examples of fasteners used

The hexagonal base allows the nozzle to be in reliable contact with the fastener.

• A nozzle with a square slot. Marking – “R”. Used in specialized types work.

Image of a square slot tip, indicating its markings and examples of fasteners used

• Nozzles with anti-vandal slots. Marking – “SP”. High-strength steel is used, such attachments are very durable and reliable.

Image of a tip with anti-vandal coating, indicating its markings and examples of fasteners used

• Tips with Tri-Wing - slot. Marked – “TW”. Such attachments are used for assembling and repairing electronic household appliances.

Image of a tip with a Tri-Wing slot, indicating its markings and examples of fasteners used

• Torq-Set – tips. Markirvoka – “TS”.

Image of a Torq-Set tip with its markings and examples of fasteners used.

Tip #1. If you need to do work in hard-to-reach places, then the best choice is a flexible screwdriver.

Illustration of the working principle of a flexible screwdriver for working in hard-to-reach places

Tip #2. When assembling, it is better to use the dynamometer variety. It allows you to control your efforts thanks to an indicator scale.

Image of the working elements of a torque screwdriver for quality control of work performed.

How to choose a screwdriver size

Each type of screwdriver indicates its nominal size of width and thickness. It will be enough for the average consumer to have models or attachments (SL3, SL5, SL8). The parameters of such varieties are 3-20 mm. Among the cross-type ones, the most popular ones are PH2, which work with most self-tapping screws and self-tapping screws.

Among the manufacturers we can note:

1. FIT . Budget Chinese brand. Offers a very large selection different modifications. But count on high quality not necessary here.
2. GROSS . A German company with a reputation for producing tools of high quality and reliability for professional purposes.
3. Stanley . An American brand that produces devices for professionals and amateurs. The basic feature is the ease of use of its products.
4. STAYER . A Russian brand that produces budget screwdrivers. At the same time, it guarantees high quality and long term services.
5. Wiha . A manufacturing brand that produces tools for complex production tasks. High prices for equipment are compensated by reliable operation.

FAQ

Question No. 1. What types of screws are there?

Type of screws:

• on wood;
• instrumental.

Based on the specified criteria, screws are selected for a specific job.

Question No. 2. When are threaded connections used?

There are two types of screw connections:

• soft - when under the screw itself there is soft material(eg tree);
• hard - the case when it is screwed on with a screw hard material(eg metal).

Question No. 3. What factors should I pay attention to when using a cordless screwdriver?

When working with such a screwdriver, recoil is felt. This process depends on:

• noises;
• nozzles popping out;
• torques.

Question No. 4. How to protect yourself from the possibility of bits (attachments) slipping?

Reasons for bits slipping:

• the overall parameters of the nozzle do not correspond to the dimensions of the fastener sockets;
• Incorrect installation of the bit into the fastening part of the electric screwdriver. Read also the article: → "".
• misalignment of the tip during operation;
• very strong or very weak pressure of the electronic tool to the fastener.

Consequences for such errors:

• the likelihood of operator injury;
• applying defects to a working part;
• failure of the screwdriver attachment;
• damage to the fastener.

Mistakes when choosing a screwdriver

1. Selecting the groove width. If you select a screwdriver tip that is smaller than the fastener itself, then heavy scrolling will occur; in the case of using a cross-shaped screwdriver, the teeth and groove of the fastener will break.
2. Thickness selection. If thickness smaller size fasteners, scrolling will not be clear, additional effort may be required when turning. With a larger value, the tip of the screwdriver simply will not fit into the groove.
3. Selecting handle material. The plastic coating will cause slipping and rubbing of the hands during prolonged use. A rubberized base will help eliminate these defects.
4. Choosing the tip itself. For reliable operation, it is necessary to use only the tip for the specific fastener. Otherwise, the quality of work will be low and costly.