Insulation - external end wall. What to do with the end wall? How to insulate it? Brick prices
Cases of partial collapse of residential buildings in the Russian Federation in 2005-2011- 2011 On May 17, in the west of Moscow, in building 3 on Rublevskoye Shosse, the wall of one of the apartments collapsed. One person was injured. The cause of the collapse could have been unskilled work on remodeling the apartment. The victim was hospitalized.... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
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When faced with unknown terms, especially in such a specific industry as construction, people often want to understand and find out for themselves what they mean. This article will help answer the question; “this is the end of the building”?
In contact with
The end of the building is the side part of each structure:
- residential building;
- warehouse;
- a barn where firewood is stored;
- production workshop;
- shopping pavilion;
- tire workshop.
Important! Most buildings are rectangular in shape. Two long sides are considered front, two side, short sides are end. Every literate person, even a schoolchild, knows perfectly well what a butt is. It is necessary to understand that the entrance from the end means: the entrance is located not on the front, long side, but on the short side.
What is also called the butt
The side elements of many pieces of furniture are called this word:
- bedside tables, pencil cases;
- chairs, tables;
- cabinets, chests of drawers;
- kitchen sets.
The sharp, protruding edges and long ends of many instruments have the same name:
- hammer;
- hacksaw;
- plane;
- chisel;
- drill;
- tap;
- broach.
This is the name of the sidewall of the following household electrical appliances:
- fridge;
- Dishwasher;
- pull out drobe;
- freezer;
- electric stove, gas stove.
All office supplies have them: pencils, erasers, ballpoint pens, and filler fountain pens. They have them mobile phones, computer keyboard, monitor, system unit, speakers, many other items.
Types of end
All structures have side elements that are different in their configuration, purpose, and appearance. Each end of the house is original and unique in its own way and can be:
- Deaf. A wall without windows, doors, no columns, ledges, or pilasters. Solid brickwork or a log house.
- Input. There is an entrance on the side and an entrance door is installed.
- Residential. The end section of the house has balconies and windows.
- Decorative. There is a multi-colored panel on it.
Brick prices
What is a facade
Attention! This is the name of the front, outer section of the structure. Usually it is located on the long side, where the central front entrance is made. Lush columns are arranged around it, decorated with stucco and gilding, potted flowers are planted, and sculptures are installed. A park will be laid out in front of it, a fountain and a swimming pool will be installed. There is a central and side façade.
Types of facade
There are several standard designs. The most common ones are:
- Main. It is located on central location- in the middle of the long, front side of the house. Paths are laid to it from paving slabs, an entrance for cars has been made.
- Side. The end wall serves as the entrance to the structure.
- Rear. Settled for back side, With backyard. Cars drive up here and the front entrance is decorated. The back of the house personifies the entire architectural composition.
- Street. The residential building is located along the road, facing directly onto the street. The front entrance has a porch surrounded by stucco columns.
- Dvorovy. The central entrance is located from the courtyard. There is also a parking area for cars.
- Garden. Made in a garden that surrounds the long central side of the structure.
The end of the building as art
Many buildings in Russia and around the world are majestic architectural ensembles that are designed as works of art.
At the ends of two ten-story residential buildings, adjacent to each other at corners, like an open book, in the middle of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, artists created a painting.
Now here is a life-size depiction of a warship sailing on the open sea.
Important! The end face is a source of inspiration for many creators of world art. Paintings of gigantic proportions are called maral art. They can be created in graffiti or street art style. First, a sketch is created and entered into the computer. Electronics project the picture onto the building. The artist from the aerial platform traces the contours of the painting, marking where the color is.
There are many restored buildings. The most popular portraits on Moscow houses: director Sergei Eisenstein in Vatin Lane, composer Alexander Scriabin near Paveletsky Station, Anna Akhmatova, Gilyarovsky Street, Mikhail Bulgakov, house number 33 of Bolshoy Afanasyevsky Lane on Arbat.
Differences between the end and facade of buildings
- There are the following differences between the facade and the end of a building:
- The first is the main wall of the building, the second is the secondary wall.
- One is long, the other is short.
- The first is usually decorated, the second has more modest decoration.
- One, as a rule, has an entrance, porch, windows, doors, the other, in many cases, is blind.
Sometimes there are exceptions to these rules.
After reading the article, readers learned what “from the end of the building” means. Many people ask questions from the end of the building - this is how. Now we have an idea of what it is, where it is located, why it is called that, and what other elements of houses there are. To speak correctly, you need to know where the stress is placed in the word butt. The second syllable is stressed, that is, the stress must be placed on the letter E. In Russian, the word “butt” has several meanings. So, for objects and architectural structures rectangular shape the end is the face with
smallest area
The word “façade” is of French origin and is translated into Russian as “face”. In architecture, this word is usually used to refer to the outside of a building, located at a right angle. There are two main types of facade:
- central;
- Bokofoy.
In this case, the end can also be called the side facade. The facade may not be the main side of the building. In some sources you can find the expression “forest facade,” that is, a facade facing the forest. The façade is the part of the building that is best visible from the main street where the property is located.
More often the end is found in apartment buildings modern houses. Moreover, it is called a “blind end” - it has no doors and window openings. This wall often serves as protection against the spread of fire during a fire. Blind ends often become real attractions thanks to the art objects created on them.
End of the building
The end is the narrowest side of the object, which does not serve as the central facade. However, there are structures in which the entrance is located at the end. Notable examples of this are:
- Athens Acropolis.
- Big theater.
- Manege.
In these cases, the side of the building has good finish. For such buildings, it is not appropriate to use the common phrase “entrance from the end.” This expression is more suitable for those cases when in residential apartment buildings on the ground floor there is some place for public visiting, for example, a hairdresser, fitness club or cafe. To make it easier for people to navigate, the owners of such establishments add the phrase “entrance from the end of the building” to the address information. If architectural structure has a square shape, it will not have ends. This part of the building will be called the side facade.
Not every narrow part of a building can be called an end. In order to determine exactly where the ends of a particular architectural object are located, you need to look at general form building. If the central entrance is located on a narrow part, then it is not recommended to call this side of the building the end. Emergency or emergency exits are often located on the sides.
In this section, we look forward to a time when the roof rafters are already installed. The procedure described here shows how to create a wall between the slab and the underside of the roof.
Installation of gable frame straps
Nail the bottom trim board of the wall frame along the marking line on the ceiling. Install perpendicular inserts between the two outer rafters, flush with their bottom edges. For fastening the inner plasterboard sheathing make the distance between the axes of the inserts 40 cm. Using a plumb line, transfer the border of the lower trim to the inserts between the rafters and make marks. Mark the installation line for the top trim boards by connecting the marks with chalked lace. Cut and install the top trim board along the markings.
Installation of racks
Since the top frame of the wall frame follows the slope of the roof, it is longer than the bottom. Consequently, the spaces between the post location marks on the top trim should be proportionally longer than on bottom harness.
In the usual way Mark the position of the posts on the bottom trim. Using a level and a straight board, transfer the markings to the top trim. Instead of a ruler and level for marking, you can use laser level or make a template.
Let's assume that the roof slope is 2 to 3, and the pitch of the racks is 40 cm. On a piece of plywood we draw right triangle with sides of 20 and 30 cm. At the base of the triangle we set aside 40 cm from its corner. Draw a perpendicular from the resulting point and extend the diagonal until they intersect. We measure the diagonal, it will be equal to the step of installing the racks on the inclined board of the upper trim. Using a tape measure or template, mark the top trim.
The invention relates to carriage building. The end wall of the car contains skin (2), reinforced on the inside with ribs, a transverse beam and door posts attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam. Door posts are made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external. Attached to the bottom of the car frame, and from the top to the transverse beam, are two racks made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external. The internal shelves of the profile of the door posts are located in the same plane with the internal shelves of the profile of the posts and are connected to them. The height of the wall profile of the rack exceeds the height of the wall of the profile of the door pillar, on the outer shelf of which there is a flange connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the rack profile. The edge of the skin on the side of the doorway is connected to the outer flange of the profile. The invention expands functionality. 4 salary f-ly, 8 ill.
The claimed technical solution relates to transport engineering, in particular to the design of the end walls of passenger cars.
The end wall of the body of a passenger car is known (Pastukhov I.F. et al. Cars: Textbook for technical schools of railway transport / Edited by V.V. Lukin. - M.: Transport, 1988, p. 248), RF patent No. 51578, B61D 17/18, appl. 09/26/2005, publ. 02/27/2006. Bull. No. 6), containing a casing consisting of corrugated sheets, reinforced on the inside with vertical and horizontal ribs, a cross beam and door pillars welded to the end beam of the frame, and at the top - to the cross beam.
In this design, it is impossible to install an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.
The closest technical solution(adopted as a prototype) is the end wall of the car body mod. 61-4447 produced by OJSC TVZ (see Internet http:/www.tvz and working drawings 4447.01.05.000 SB), containing a skin consisting of smooth sheets reinforced from the inside sides with vertical and horizontal ribs, cross member and door pillars welded to the frame end beam, and at the top to the cross beam.
The known device does not provide space for installing an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.
The objective of the proposal is to create an end wall structure for the installation of an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.
For this purpose, the end wall of a passenger car contains a skin reinforced on the inside with ribs, a transverse beam, door posts attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above to a transverse beam, and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external. What is new is that it is equipped with a flange and two racks, attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, while the internal shelves of the profile of the door pillars are located in the same plane with the internal ones shelves of the profile of the racks and are connected with them, and the height of the wall of the profile of the rack exceeds the height of the wall of the profile of the door pillar, on the outer shelf of which the mentioned flange is fixed, connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the rack profile, while the edge of the skin on the side of the doorway is connected to the outer shelf of the latter.
In addition, the flange is made with connecting and landing surfaces for fastening the inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell, the sheet profile is reinforced on the inside with horizontal ribs, the racks can be made of a channel-shaped profile, the door posts can be made of a channel-shaped profile.
The technical result will be expressed as follows.
The presence of two racks attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, the location of the internal shelves of the door pillar profile in the same plane with the internal shelves of the pillar profile and connection with them, the height the walls of the post profile exceeding the height of the door post profile wall and the connection of the flange with a sheet profile to the wall of the post profile form a space on the end wall in which an inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell can be installed.
The presence of a flange and its fastening on the outer flange of the door pillar profile allows you to fix the inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell on the door pillars.
The attached drawings show:
Figure 1 shows the end wall of the car, general view;
Figure 2 is a view from the inside of the car towards the end wall;
In figure 3 - section A-A in figure 2;
In figure 4 - section B-B in figure 2;
In Fig.5, 6, 7, 8 - remote element B in Fig.4.
The end wall of a passenger car with a doorway 1 (Fig. 1) contains a casing 2, reinforced on the inside with 3 ribs: vertical 4 and horizontal 5 (Fig. 2), an upper arc 6, a transverse beam 7, door posts 8 attached from below to frame 9 of the car (Fig. 3), and on top - to the transverse beam 7, and the flange 10. The casing 2 consists of two outer 11 smooth sheets and a middle 12 sheet welded to them. On top, sheets 11 and 12 are welded to arc 6 of the corner profile. From below, the outer sheets 11 of the skin are connected to the elements of the bottom 13 of the end wall, and their outer edges 14 are connected to the end elements 15 (Fig. 4) of the skin of the side walls of the car. The door posts 8 are made of a profile with a wall 16 (Fig. 5-8) and shelves - internal 17 and outer 18. The end wall is equipped with two posts 19 (Fig. 2), attached from below to the frame 9 of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam 7. The racks 19 are made of a profile with a wall 20 (Fig. 5-8) and shelves - internal 21 and outer 22. Internal shelves 17 (Fig. 5-8) of the profile of the door posts 8 are located in the same plane with the internal shelves 21 of the rack profile 19 and are connected to them by connecting elements 23 made of sheet profile. The height of the wall 20 of the profile of the pillar 19 exceeds the height of the wall 16 of the profile of the door pillar 8. The flange 10 is fixed on the outer flange 18 of the profile of the door pillar 8 and is connected by a sheet profile 24 to the wall 20 of the profile of the pillar 19. It is made flat with connecting and landing surfaces for fastening the inter-car transition with a closed insulating shell. The edge 25 of the skin 2 from the side of the doorway 1 is connected to the outer flange 22 of the profile of the rack 19. The sheet profile 24 is supported on the inside by horizontal ribs 26. The racks 19 can be made of a channel-shaped profile (Fig. 5, 7). The door pillars 8 can be made of a channel-shaped profile (Fig. 7, 8).
The end wall is assembled as follows.
From the vertical 4 and horizontal 5 reinforcing ribs, frames for sheets 11, 12 are assembled, respectively, and welded to these sheets from the inside. TO internal surfaces sheet profiles 24 are welded to the reinforcing horizontal ribs 26. A flange 10 is welded to the outer shelves 18 (Fig. 5-8) of the profile of the door posts 8. Assembly units, as well as the arc 6, the transverse beam 7, the racks 19 are fixed in the assembly jig and connected to each other by welding along the contact contours, after which the connecting elements 23 are welded. In this case, in the initial position of the jig, accessible welds and tack welds are made, and final assembly completed after rotating the wall together with the jig by 180° around the horizontal axis.
1. The end wall of a passenger car, containing casing reinforced on the inside with ribs, a transverse beam, door posts attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam, and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, characterized in that that it is equipped with a flange and two posts attached from below to the frame of the car, and from above - to the transverse beam and made of a profile with a wall and shelves - internal and external, while the internal shelves of the profile of the door posts are located in the same plane with the internal shelves of the profile of the posts and connected to them, and the height of the wall of the rack profile exceeds the height of the wall of the door pillar profile, on the outer flange of which the mentioned flange is fixed, connected by a sheet profile to the wall of the rack profile, while the edge of the skin on the side of the doorway is connected to the outer flange of the latter.
2. The end wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the flange is made with connecting and landing surfaces for fastening the inter-car passage with a closed insulating shell.
3. End wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet profile is reinforced on the inside with horizontal ribs.
4. End wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks are made of a channel-shaped profile.
5. The end wall according to claim 4, characterized in that the door posts are made of a channel-shaped profile.
Similar patents:
The invention relates to railway transport, in particular to the design of the head part vehicle. The head part (1), located on the front side of the vehicle, contains a supporting structure (2) with connecting means (11) for mechanical fastening on it and at least one energy-absorbing element (16) to reduce kinetic energy in the event of a collision with obstacle configured to continuously reduce kinetic energy in the event of continued deformation. Part of the energy-absorbing element (16) is a ram beam (12, 14) load-bearing structure(2), extending in the transverse direction on the side of the supporting structure (2) facing away from the connecting means (11). The energy-absorbing element (16) contains a transverse beam (15) that is difficult to deform compared to the ram beam (12, 14), which is located offset from the ram beam (12, 14) in the direction of the connecting means (11). Between the ram beam (12, 14) and cross beam(15) the material deformed as a result of the collision is located. The invention improves safety. 11 z. p. f-ly, 3 ill.
The invention relates to railway transport. The rail vehicle is equipped with a casing for the front coupling device. The housing is formed by at least one movable front cover (1), which can be moved between open and closed end positions using a drive. The movement of this at least one front cover (1) is controlled in such a way that it is carried out along a segment of a circular path around a certain axis of rotation (A), which is located horizontally. The invention simplifies installation. 4 salary f-ly, 3 ill.
The invention relates to a device for rotating one or more front hinged covers of a track vehicle. The device contains at least one lever element (2). The lever element is connected on one side to the front flap (1a, 1b) and on the other side is connected to the vehicle chassis. The lever element (2) can be rotated in horizontal plane relative to the vehicle chassis and can be configured to move, during rotation, the front hinged cover from a closed position to an open position, and vice versa. In addition, the device contains an actuator (3). The actuator element is connected on one side to at least one lever element (2) and on the other side is connected to the vehicle chassis to rotate at least one load-bearing element (2) relative to the vehicle chassis. At least one lever element (2) contains a sliding mechanism, which is configured to move the front hinged cover (1a, 1b), especially in the closed position, in the longitudinal direction of the supporting element (2). There is no friction when opening and closing the front hinged cover, as well as no visible connections. 2 n. and 17 salary f-ly, 6 ill.
The invention relates to railway transport and concerns the design and connection unit of the side and end walls of the gondola car body. The unit for connecting the upper frames of the side and end walls of the gondola body contains side (1) and end (2) walls, consisting of skin sheets (3), frames (4) with racks (5) and top frames (6, 7). The top trim of the end wall is extended by the end edge beyond the side surface of the top trim of the side wall, directed towards inner side node. In the first and second options, a stiffening element is installed on the lower surface of the upper frame of the side wall. In the first version, a connecting element in the shape of an angle is installed on the upper and outer side surfaces of the upper trim of the side wall, and in the second version, a strip in the shape of a polygon is installed. The corner and the strip are connected to the upper frame of the side wall and the stiffening element. In the third option, ribs are installed on the lower surface of the upper frame of the side wall, located in the area of the load-bearing vertical elements of the upper frame of the end wall. The invention increases the rigidity, strength and durability of the body. 3 n. and 16 salary f-ly, 22 ill.
The invention relates to railway transport and concerns the design of the end wall of a gondola car body. The end wall of a railway gondola car contains a sheathing sheet 1 and a frame 2, consisting of outer posts 3, middle posts 4, top trim 5 and chords 6. The chords and outer posts on one side are installed on the same plane, on the other side there is at least one belt made as a composite of main profiles 8 and connecting elements 9, the front surfaces of 10 main profiles protrude beyond the front surfaces of 11 outer posts. The invention makes it possible to create a design for the end wall of a gondola car, which increases the strength of the gondola car body in combination with a reduction in labor costs and material consumption in the manufacture of the end wall. 4 salary f-ly, 7 ill.
The invention relates to the design of movably articulated vehicles. Located in the roof area of two movably articulated parts of the vehicle (2-6), the device for limiting transverse vibrations around the longitudinal axis and/or vibrations of vehicle elements relative to each other relative to the transverse axis includes at least two consoles, at least one of which located in the roof area of the vehicle part (2-6). At least two consoles are connected to each other using a coupling console. At least one of the consoles is made in the form of a leaf spring. The invention expands the functionality and simplifies the design. 11 salary f-ly, 3 ill.
The rail vehicle contains an end transverse beam (EQT) provided in the end zone and corner columns (ES) arranged vertically and emanating from the end transverse beam. On the end side there is provided a deformation zone (VZ), which contains a front cross beam (FQT) located at a distance parallel to the end cross beam in the end direction and a force transmitting element (KUE) located between the end cross beam and the front cross beam transmitting longitudinal forces compression between them up to a certain value without plastic deformation and collapsing when this certain value is exceeded. The force transmitting element is made of X-shaped plates, and the intersection line of the X-shaped plates is located transversely longitudinal direction vehicle. EFFECT: creation of a rail vehicle with an attached deformation zone, which, on the one hand, can withstand very high axial compressive forces, on the other hand, has good characteristics deformation in collisions, in particular also with geometrically incompatible vehicles, and is especially designed for the formation of vertical ends of cars. 9 salary f-ly, 17 ill.
The invention relates to a device (1) for on-demand sealing of a hole (9) made in the frontal part of a rutted vehicle. The device contains a sealing element (2) of variable size and a frame (3) for supporting said sealing element. The frame, together with the sealing element attached to it, surrounds a section (4) through which the connecting shaft (12) of the central buffer coupling (11) can be directed. The sealing element is adjustable so that the size of the area covered by said sealing element can be varied. According to a first variant of the invention, the sealing element comprises an inflatable hollow chamber, which is designed and pneumatically or hydraulically adjusted in such a way that the area covered by the sealing element increases. According to the second embodiment, the sealing element has a rosette shape and contains plates mounted on an axis, capable of rotating together in the direction of the area covered by the frame by means of a mechanism in order to increase the area covered by the sealing element. Provides protection for coupling components. 9 salary f-ly, 7 ill.
The invention relates to carriage building
